INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON PHYTOSANITARY EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ON PHYTOSANITARY EPIDEMIOLOGICAL

MONITORING FOR THE PREDICTION OF PESTS IN MONITORING FOR THE PREDICTION OF PESTS IN SAN LUIS POTOSSAN LUIS POTOSÍÍ

SAN LUIS POTOSSAN LUIS POTOSÍÍ, SLP. M, SLP. MÉÉXICO . MAY 19XICO . MAY 19--23, 200823, 2008.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POPULATIONS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POPULATIONS OF THE CENTRAL AMERICAN LOCUST (CENTRAL AMERICAN LOCUST (Schistocerca piceifrons Schistocerca piceifrons

piceifronspiceifrons W.) AND THE VARIABLES PRECIPITATION W.) AND THE VARIABLES PRECIPITATION AND TEMPERATURE IN SOUTHERN TAMAULIPASAND TEMPERATURE IN SOUTHERN TAMAULIPAS

Pedro AlmaguerPedro Almaguer--SierraSierra11, Ludivina Barrientos, Ludivina Barrientos--LozanoLozano11, Jos, Joséé RodrRodrííguezguez--AbsiAbsi22, Humberto Rodr, Humberto Rodrííguezguez--FuentesFuentes33, Erick Galv, Erick Galváánn--

MartMartííneznez11 y Francisco Javier Urcy Francisco Javier Urcáádizdiz--CCáázareszares11

11 Instituto TecnolInstituto Tecnolóógico de Cd. Victoriagico de Cd. Victoria2 2 Consultor Privado, CuliacConsultor Privado, Culiacáán, Sinaloan, Sinaloa3 3 Universidad AutUniversidad Autóónoma de noma de NuveoNuveo LeLeóónn

The natural corridor of theThe natural corridor of the Central American Locust extends Central American Locust extends from the north of Costa Rica from the north of Costa Rica toto northernnorthern MMééxico (South of xico (South of Tamaulipas, North Veracruz and East of San Luis Tamaulipas, North Veracruz and East of San Luis PotosiPotosi (ORISA, (ORISA, 1991). 1991).

AspectsAspects of of itsits ecologyecology suchsuch as: integrated as: integrated managementmanagement, , lifelife cyclecycle and gregarious and gregarious behaviorbehavior havehave beenbeen adressedadressed, , whichwhich are are allall veryvery importantimportant duedue toto the role the role theythey play in play in ecosystemsecosystems (Barrientos(Barrientos et alet al., 1994, 2004; Poot, 2005; ., 1994, 2004; Poot, 2005; ÁÁvila vila et al.,et al., 2006).2006).

Insects, plants, fish, crustaceans and Insects, plants, fish, crustaceans and microorganisms microorganisms take the temperature of take the temperature of the environment around them,the environment around them, which is which is why their growth rates and development why their growth rates and development are closely linked to this variable. are closely linked to this variable.

These organisms are referred to as These organisms are referred to as poikilothermspoikilotherms and their age is measured and their age is measured in thermal time, which is a variable that in thermal time, which is a variable that comes from the combination of time and comes from the combination of time and temperature (Rodrigueztemperature (Rodriguez--AbsiAbsi, 2007)., 2007).

The heatThe heat--degree days units, are a concept proposed by degree days units, are a concept proposed by Reaumur (William Reaumur (William et alet al., 1984). When referring to living ., 1984). When referring to living organisms, it is clearly a simplification of processes, organisms, it is clearly a simplification of processes, physical, physiological and biochemical physical, physiological and biochemical (photosynthesis, respiration and perspiration).(photosynthesis, respiration and perspiration).

ThermalThermal--time time establishedestablished phenological phenological developmentdevelopment modelsmodels for for insectsinsects are are usefuluseful for the for the makingmaking of of decisionsdecisions toto predictpredict monitoringmonitoring and control and control actionsactions, , riskrisk analysisanalysis, , migrationsmigrations, etc., etc.

The The meteorologicalmeteorological elementselements whichwhich affectaffect reproductionreproduction, , growthgrowth, , distributiondistribution, , migrationmigration and and adaptationadaptation in in insectsinsects, are: , are: temperaturetemperature, , airair humidityhumidity, , precipitationprecipitation, solar , solar radiationradiation and and lightlight (Porter et al., 1991; (Porter et al., 1991; Cornford, 1991 Cornford, 1991 citedcited by Retana, 2003). by Retana, 2003).

OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE

To create a model of the relationship between the climate’s elements and the stages of the Central American Locust’s life cycle.

MATERIALS & METHODSMATERIALS & METHODS

Study variables:Study variables:

••Average, maximum and minimum monthly and Average, maximum and minimum monthly and annual temperatureannual temperature•• Monthly and annual precipitationMonthly and annual precipitation•• Monthly and annual photoperiodMonthly and annual photoperiod

•• The heat units (HU/UC) based on the concept The heat units (HU/UC) based on the concept proposed by Reaumur, using the method of the sine proposed by Reaumur, using the method of the sine curve (Allen, 1976) and monthly cold hours curve (Allen, 1976) and monthly cold hours (temperatures <15.3 (temperatures <15.3 °° C), for which the method C), for which the method proposed by Rodriguez proposed by Rodriguez -- AbsiAbsi (2007) was used.(2007) was used.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The The testedtested modelsmodels werewere: :

regressionregression equationsequations and and variousvarious programsprograms for the for the estimationestimation of cold of cold hourshours, , heatheat unitsunits and and photoperiodphotoperiod ((RodriguezRodriguez 1986; Barrientos 1986; Barrientos 2001; Garcia 2001, 2005; Avila et al., 2005, 2001; Garcia 2001, 2005; Avila et al., 2005, 2006). 2006).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONRESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Isoyetas de la zona de estudio

Isolineas de horas frío anuales

RegressionRegression ResultsResults..Y= 30.012776Y= 30.012776-- 0.001186X1 0.001186X1 -- 1.208450X2,1.208450X2,con una Rcon una R22 = 0.84= 0.84

WhereWhere::Y = Y = AppliedApplied surfacesurface (ha)(ha)XX11 = Average Annual = Average Annual temperaturetemperature ((°°C)C)XX22 =Average Annual =Average Annual precipitationprecipitation (mm)(mm)

Reloj térmico para L. Centroamericana

Inicio y terminación de la diapausa

ConclusionsConclusions

1.1. The data The data indicatedindicated that the average that the average temperaturetemperature showedshowed a a functionalfunctional relationshiprelationship withwith the populations of the the populations of the Central American LocustCentral American Locust

2.2. The use of The use of thermalthermal clockclock withwith average average valuesvalues of of heatheat unitsunits isis a a quantitativequantitative procedureprocedure that can be that can be usedused in in makingmaking desisionesdesisiones toto control control thisthis pestpest..

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