INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION

WHAT IS LABOUR?The aggregate of all human physical and mental effort used in creation of the goods and services.

It is primary factor of production.

WHAT IS ILO?ILO stands for International Labour Organization.

An UN agency dealing with labour issues, particularly international labour standards, social protection and work opportunities for all.

It strive to serve as a uniting force between governments, businesses and workers to “ promote decent work throughout the world”.

It emphasizes the need for workers to enjoy “conditions of freedom, equity, security and human dignity” throughout their employment.

WHAT ILO DOES?The ILO provides technical assistance, mainly in the following fields: Vocational training and Vocational rehabilitation Employment policy Labour administration Labour laws and industrial relations Conditions of work Management development Social security Labour statistics and occupational safety and health

OBJECTIVES OF ILO Full employment and the revising of standards of living Assigning occupation of choice to labor Training and redeployment of labor Adequate protection for the life and health of workers in all occupations Provision for child welfare and maternity protection

THEMES THAT ILO WORKSThere are 18 themes that drive ILO works:-Child labourDecent workEconomic and social developmentEmployment promotion Employment securityEquality and discriminationForced labourFreedom of association and right of collective bargaining

THEMES THAT ILO WORKSHIV/AIDSIndividual sectors and industriesLabour lawsLabour migrationSafety and health at workSkills, knowledge and employabilitySocial securityWorking conditionsYouth employmentWorkers and employers organization, tripartism and social dialog

HISTORY OF ILOThe ILO was created on June 11, 1919 as a part of Treaty of Versaillas that ended World War I, to reflect the belief that universal and lasting peace can be accomplished only if it is based on social justice.

The Constitution was drafted between January and April, 1919, by the Labour Commission set up by the Peace Conference, which first met in Paris and then in Versailles.

The Constitution contained ideas tested within the International Association for Labour Legislation, founded in Basel in 1901. Advocacy for an international organization dealing with labour issues began in the nineteenth century, led by two industrialists, Robert Owen (1771-1853) of Wales and Daniel Legrand (1783-1859) of France.

EARLY DAYS

The ILO has made signal contributions to the world of work from its early days. The first International Labour Conference held in Washington in October 1919 adopted six International Labour Conventions, which dealt with hours of work in industry, unemployment, maternity protection, night work for women, minimum age and night work for young persons in industry.

The ILO was located in Geneva in the summer of 1920 with France's Albert Thomas as the first Director of the International Labour Office, which is the Organization's permanent Secretariat.

DEPRESSION AND WAR

The Great Depression with its resulting massive unemployment soon confronted Britain's Harold Butler, who succeeded Albert Thomas in 1932. Realizing that handling labour issues also requires international cooperation, the United States became a Member of the ILO in 1934 although it continued to stay out of the League of Nations.

Edward Phelan, had helped to write the 1919 Constitution and played an important role once again during the Philadelphia meeting of the International Labour Conference, in the midst of the Second World War, attended by representatives of governments, employers and workers from 41 countries.

The delegates adopted the Declaration of Philadelphia, annexed to the Constitution, still constitutes the Charter of the aims and objectives of the ILO.

POST WAR YEARSThe ILO established the Geneva-based International Institute for Labour Studies in 1960 and the International Training Centre in Turin in 1965.

Francis Blanchard of France, expanded ILO's technical cooperation with developing countries and averted damage to the Organization, despite the loss of one quarter of its budget following US withdrawal from 1977-1980.

On 4 March 1999, Juan Somavia of Chile took over as Director General. He emphasized the importance of making decent work a strategic international goal and promoting a fair globalization.

In May 2012 Guy Ryder (UK) was elected as the tenth Director-General of the ILO. He began his five-year term in October 2012.

WHAT ILO PREAMBLE STATES Whereas universal and lasting peace can be established only if it is based

upon social justice;

Whereas conditions of labour exist involving such injustice hardship and privation to large numbers of people as to produce unrest so great that the peace and harmony of the world are imperilled; and an improvement of those conditions is urgently required;

Whereas also the failure of any nation to adopt humane conditions of labour is an obstacle in the way of other nations which desire to improve the conditions in their own countries.

HOW ILO WORKSThe ILO has tripartite structure in which “social partners”- government, employers and unions – shape the policies and programmes of the organization.

The ILO promotes a “social dialogue” between the partners on the social and economic issues.

The ILO’s International Labour Conference meet annually to set international labour standards and the organization policies.

Between annual sessions of the Conference, the ILO is guided by governing body.Governing body which includes Government members Employers representatives Workers representatives

GOALS OF ILO1. Creating more and better employment2. Respecting and legally protecting workers’ right3. Building and expanding social security system4. Promoting the social dialogue between employers and trade unions

STRUCTURE OF ILO

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF ILOTowards the end of second world war, the ILO adopted “DECLARATION OF PHILADELPHIA” to reflect its philosophy and fundamental principles as well as to broaden its aims and purposes. The declaration was adopted by ILO in 1944 and is the equivalent of what an organization commonly refers to as its mission.In 1946, ILO become first specialized agency associated with the newly formed United Nation, following the dissolution of the league of the nations.Mission of ILO:-“TO PROMOTE OPPORTUNITIES FOR MEN AND WOMEN TO OBTAIN DECENT AND PRODUCTIVE WORK IN CONDITIONS OF FREEDOM, SECURITY, EQUITYAND HUMAN DIGNITY, WHICH IS SUMMED UP BY THE EXPRESSION DECENT WORK AS A GLOBAL GOAL.”

DECLARATION OF PHILADELPHIA The declaration, in full, the Declaration concerning the Aims and Purposes of the International

Labour Organisation, adopted at the 26th session of the ILO, Philadelphia, 10 May 1944 was drafted by the then acting ILO Director, Edward J. Phelan, and C. Wilfred Jenks

The Declaration of Philadelphia restated the traditional objectives of the ILO and then branched out in two new directions: the centrality of human rights to social policy, and the need for international economic planning.

The declaration focused on a series of key principles to embody the work of the ILO. These include: Labour is not a commodity. (I, a) Freedom of expression and of association are essential to sustained progress. Poverty anywhere constitutes a danger to prosperity everywhere. (I, c) the war against want requires ... unrelenting vigour ... (for) the promotion of the common welfare. (I,

d) All human beings, irrespective of race, creed or sex, have the right to pursue both their material

well-being and their spiritual development in conditions of freedom and dignity, of economic security and equal opportunity

INTERNATIONAL LABOUR CONFERENCE The ILO organizes the International Labour Conference in Geneva every

year in June, where conventions and recommendations are crafted and adopted. Also known as the parliament of Labour, the conference also makes decisions about the ILO's general policy, work programme and budget.

Each member state has four representatives at the conference: two government delegates, an employer delegate and a worker delegate. All of them have individual voting rights, and all votes are equal, regardless of the population of the delegate's member state.

GOVERNING BODY The Governing Body is the executive body of the International Labour

Organization (the Office is the secretariat of the Organization). It meets three times a year, in March, June and November.

It takes decisions on ILO policy, decides the agenda of the International Labour Conference, adopts the draft Programme and Budget of the Organization for submission to the Conference, and elects the Director-General.

INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE The International Labour Office is the permanent secretariat of the

International Labour Organization.

It is the focal point for International Labour Organization's overall activities, which it prepares under the scrutiny of the Governing Body  and under the leadership of the Director-General .

DIRECTOR GENERALS OF ILOThe International Labour Office is headed by a Director-Generalappointed by the Governing Body. Since 1919, the ILO has been led by: Albert Thomas of France (1919-1932), Harold Butler of the United Kingdom (1932-1938), John Winant of the United States (1939-1941), Edward Phelan of Ireland (1941-1948), David Morse of the United States (1948-1970), Wilfred Jenks of the United Kingdom (1970-1973), Francis Blanchard of France (1973-1989), Michel Hansenne of Belgium (1989-1999), Juan Somavia of Chile(1999-2012) Guy Ryder of Switzerland(2012 onwards)

INTERNATIONAL LABOUR STANDARDS International labour standards are legal instruments drawn up by the

ILO's constituents (governments, employers and workers) and setting out basic principles and rights at work.

They are either conventions, which are legally binding international treaties that may be ratified by member states, or recommendations, which serve as non-binding guidelines.

ADOPTION OF INTERNATIONAL LABOUR STANDARD

CONVENTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSConventions and recommendations are drawn up by representatives of governments, employers and workers and are adopted at the ILO's annual International Labour Conference.

FUNDAMENTAL CONVENTIONS

The eight fundamental Conventions are:

Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to  Organise Convention, 1948 (No. 87) 

Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No. 98) 

Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29)  Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No. 105)  Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138)  Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182)  Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No. 100)  Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No

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GOVERNANCE CONVENTIONS

The four governance Conventions are: Labour Inspection Convention, 1947 (No. 81)  Employment Policy Convention, 1964 (No. 122)  Labour Inspection (Agriculture) Convention, 1969 (No. 129)  Tripartite Consultation (International Labour Standards) Conventio

n, 1976 (No. 144)

MEMBER STATES OF ILO

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ILO & INDIA ILO affects IR broadly in two ways, viz. through influencing labour policy

and labour legislation, and trade union movement in India.

The I.L.O and India have common aims, goals and destiny, for, both of them are committed to world peace freedom and social justice.

Both are striving for the socio economic betterment of the long suffering, long forgotten people, the people who are underprivileged and under nourished with the fullest realization that any further delay would fatal for themselves and the whole world.

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