international environmental governance: the … · the roles of climate change treaties •...

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INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE: THE LAW-MAKERS DR ANNALISA SAVARESI Lecturer in Environmental Law University of Stirling, UK

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Page 1: INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE: THE … · The roles of climate change treaties • Establishing mechanisms and procedures for adopting rules on climate change-related action,

INTERNATIONALENVIRONMENTALGOVERNANCE:

THELAW-MAKERSDRANNALISASAVARESI

LecturerinEnvironmentalLawUniversityofStirling,UK

Page 2: INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE: THE … · The roles of climate change treaties • Establishing mechanisms and procedures for adopting rules on climate change-related action,

Internationalclimatechangelaw

UNFCCC,1992

KyotoProtocol,1997

ParisAgreement,2015

Page 3: INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE: THE … · The roles of climate change treaties • Establishing mechanisms and procedures for adopting rules on climate change-related action,

Howinternationallawaddressesclimatechange

Mitigation,adaptation

Finance

Information

Technology

Page 4: INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE: THE … · The roles of climate change treaties • Establishing mechanisms and procedures for adopting rules on climate change-related action,

Therolesofclimatechangetreaties

• Establishingmechanismsandproceduresforadoptingrulesonclimatechange-relatedaction,settlingdisputesandsupervisingimplementationandcompliance

Constitutional

• Settingstandardsforpreventing/mitigatingclimatechangeandforgrapplingwithitsimpacts

Regulation

• Settinghomogenouspracticesacrossjurisdictionstoreportemissionsandemissionreductionactivities

Harmonisation

Page 5: INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE: THE … · The roles of climate change treaties • Establishing mechanisms and procedures for adopting rules on climate change-related action,

Internationalclimatebureaucracy

Page 6: INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE: THE … · The roles of climate change treaties • Establishing mechanisms and procedures for adopting rules on climate change-related action,

COP21Paris,2015

Page 7: INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE: THE … · The roles of climate change treaties • Establishing mechanisms and procedures for adopting rules on climate change-related action,

ParisAgreement

Whatisit?

Whatdoesitdo?

Wherenext?

Page 8: INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE: THE … · The roles of climate change treaties • Establishing mechanisms and procedures for adopting rules on climate change-related action,

TheParisAgreement:Whatisit?

AProtocol?Anonlegallybindingdocument?

Apoliticaldeclaration?

Page 9: INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE: THE … · The roles of climate change treaties • Establishing mechanisms and procedures for adopting rules on climate change-related action,

Legalform

• CertainlyatreatyasdefinedunderArticle2.1.aVCLT• Mostpossiblyaprotocolinanythingbutname• RelationshipwiththeUNFCCCandtheKyotoProtocoltobeassessedonthebasisofParties’interpretationandfutureimplementation

Savaresi,TheParisAgreement:ANewBeginning?(2016)JournalofEnergy&NaturalResourcesLaw

Savaresi,TheParisAgreement:ARejoinder(2016)EJILTalk!

Page 10: INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE: THE … · The roles of climate change treaties • Establishing mechanisms and procedures for adopting rules on climate change-related action,

ParisAgreement:Whatdoesitdo?

Page 11: INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE: THE … · The roles of climate change treaties • Establishing mechanisms and procedures for adopting rules on climate change-related action,

Evolutionininternationalclimategovernance

Topdown

Bottomup

Obligationsofconduct(means)

Obligationsofresult

Page 12: INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE: THE … · The roles of climate change treaties • Establishing mechanisms and procedures for adopting rules on climate change-related action,

ParisAgreement:Coreelements

GlobalGoal

NationallyDeterminedContributions

Levelingpartiesobligations

MitigationReviewofeffectiveness

Reviewofimplementation

Reviewofcompliance

Transpa-rency

Page 13: INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE: THE … · The roles of climate change treaties • Establishing mechanisms and procedures for adopting rules on climate change-related action,

Acomparisonwithexistingclimatetreaties

WiththeUNFCCC

• ParisAgreementgreatleveller ofParties’obligations,mostsalientlyinrelationtomitigation andtheprovisionofinformation.

WiththeKyotoProtocol• DiminishedlegalforceattachedtoParties’mitigationcommitmentscompensatedbytheecumenicalpursuitofemissionreductions,aswellasbyaunitarysystemforthereviewofimplementation,complianceandeffectiveness.

Page 14: INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE: THE … · The roles of climate change treaties • Establishing mechanisms and procedures for adopting rules on climate change-related action,

Wherenext?

AdoptionParis,December

2015

OpenedforsignatureNewYork,April2016ChinaandUS

RatificationSeptember2016 Entryintoforce

November2016DesigningtheParis

Agreement‘rulebook’

Implementationby2020

Page 15: INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE: THE … · The roles of climate change treaties • Establishing mechanisms and procedures for adopting rules on climate change-related action,

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