RADIATION RESEARCH

1895 - 1995

Congress Proceedings

Volume 2: Congress Lectures

Edited by

U. HagenD. Harder

H.JungC. Streffer

Proceedings of the

Tenth International Congress of Radiation Research

Wiirzburg, GermanyAugust 27 - September 1,1995

Organized byDeutsche Rimtgengesellschaft

Deutsche Gesellschaft fiir BiophysikGemeinschaftsausschufi Strahlenforschung (GAST)

at the invitation of

The International Association for Radiation Research

CONTENTS

PREFACE

CONTENTS

IARR OFFICERS

ICRR COMMITTEES

YOUNG SCIENTIST AWARDEES

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

EDITORS' ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

III

V

XXIX

XXX

XXXII

XXXIII

XXXIV

OPENING CEREMONY

Opening Address to the Xth International Congress of Radiation Research

Christian Streffer

Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen - The Dignity ofDiscoveryDietrich Harder

AWARD LECTURES

1

11

21

ICRU AWARD, GRAY LECTURE

The Gray, and Blue SkyH. Rodney Withers 23

IARR AWARD, KAPLAN LECTURE

The Search for SpecificityGerald E. Adams 33

RADIATION PHYSICS 41

CONGRESS LECTURE

Physics of radiation action: Microscopic features that determine biological consequences

D.T.Goodhead 43

SYMPOSIUM: ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR DATA FOR RADIATION RESEARCH

The IAEA program on atomic and molecular data for radiotherapy and related research

M. Inokuti 49

Monte Carlo calculations of track structures

H. Bichsel 53

VI CONTENTS

Ionization yields of electrons and protons m gasesB Grosswendt 58

Locally multiply damaged site generators Secondary electrons and ultra-fast reactions

L Sanche 64

SYMPOSIUM AUGER-ELECTRON EMITTERS PHYSICS, CELLULAR EFFECTS,

IMPLICATIONS FOR RADIATION PROTECTION AND THERAPY

Recent progress in the physics of Auger electrons

D E Charlton R F Martin M Temssol H Nikjoo h Pomplun P LobachevskyS Kandaiya 69

Molecular advances with Auger emitters

L S Yasui and R F Martin 73

Cellular effects ofAuger emitters

K Hofer 78

Auger electron emitters Equivalent dose, chemical protection against their biologicaleffects, and their use in cancer treatment

R W Howelland D V Rao 82

CONGRESS LECTURE

Applications ofsynchrotron radiation to radiation research

Y Hatano 86

SYMPOSIUM ATOMIC PHYSICS AND THE INITIAL PROCESSES OF

BIOLOGICAL DAMAGE INDUCED BY HEAVY CHARGED PARTICLES

Introduction to the physics of heavy-ion tracks

P Sigmund 93

Electron emission induced by swift heavy particlesME Rudd 97

Secondary electrons from heavy-ion tracks

J Schou 101

Heavy-atomic ion-induced sputtering and damage of insulators - implicationsfor cell inactivation

J Eriksson andC T Reimann 106

SYMPOSIUM QUALITATIVE DIFFERENCES IN CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR

EFFECTS FROM HIGH AND LOW LET RADIATION

Radiation action on cells and radiation qualityJ T Lett 110

CONTENTS VII

Influence ofradiation quality on strand breakage in viral and cellular DNA

G faucher-Scholz J Heilmann G Kraft 114

Radiation qualrh and the relationship among cellular radiosensitivity,DNA repair and RBE

K kgnchi-Kasai and A B Cox 118

Radiation qualih and the effects of protons at the cellular and molecular levels

MA Tabocchim 122

WORKSHOP HIGH-LET EFFECTS IN RADIATION CHEMISTRY AND

RADIATION BIOLOGY

On the interpretation of heavy ion effects

G Kraft andM Scholz'

126

Mechanisms of free radical formation in DNA after high-LET irradiation

Structural and quantitative aspects.1 Huttermann and B Dusemund 132

LET dependence ofDNA-protein cross-links

EA Blakely P Y Chang KA Bjormtad 136

Light ions induction and rejoining of DNA dsb in V79 cells

G Simone M Belli F Ianzim 0 Sapora, MA Tabocchim, F Cera

R Cherubim MD Vecchia. AMI Haque, G Moschim. P Tiveron 140

Characterization of the mutations at the dihydrofolate reductase locus in

Chinese hamster ovary cells induced by a-particle radiation

Y Jin T Yie AM Carothen. D Grunberger 144

Comparison ofchromosomal damage induced by high and low LET radiation

E Nasonova S Ritter M Scholz G Kraft 148

CONGRESS LECTURE

Radionuclide biokinetics and dose

A Kaul 152

WORKSHOP THE RELEVANCE OF RADIATION AND TISSUE WEIGHTING

FACTORS (WR AND WT)

Are radiation weighting factors relevant for protons and heavier charged particles''SB Curtis 161

Calculation of RBE for endpoints in vitro and in vivo based on charged

particle track structure

M Scholz and G Kraft 165

VIII CONTENTS

Problems with radiation weighting factors for neutrons

G Dietze 169

Are radiation weighting factors and quaht\ factors for neutrons consistent''

BRL Siebert, G Dietze RA Hollnagel 173

Differences in \\j for radiation carcinogenesis in various organs

J J Broerse M Coppola 177

Current status of radiation risk estimates for low doses/dose rates oflow-LET

ionising radiation, and possible future trends

MW Charles 181

RADIATION CHEMISTRY 185

CONGRESS LECTURE

Oxidative damage Oxidation by radiation and by chemically -generatedfree radicals

P Wardman, L P Candeias L K Folkes, K B Pate I 187

CONGRESS LECTURE

Reactive oxygen species in biolog\ and medicine

H Sies'

193

SYMPOSIUM ENERGY AND CHARGE TRANSFER IN DNA DAMAGE

Free radical y lelds and charge transfer in DNA

WA Bernhard 199

DNA damage by low-energy photons and electrons

M Folkard, KM Prise, B Vo/novic. B Brocklehurst, IH Mitnro A HophrkBD Michael 204

Importance ofhole and electron transfer processes to end product formation

in y-irradiated hydrated DNASG Swarts 208

Radiation-induced conductivity in oriented DNA

JM Warman,M P de Haai A Rupprechi 212

WORKSHOP TRANSITION METALS AND ENZYMES RADICALS AND

UNUSUAL OXIDATION STATES

Effect ofsequence and structure on the oxidation ofmethionine peptidesRadiation chemistry, metal-catalysis, and peroxynitnteC Schdneich

'

216

CONTENTS IX

Is fenton chemistn, that important'/ P Candeias L K Folke? andP Wardman 220

Thermod\namic anahsis ofreactions of metal complexes with

peroxides and radicals

WH Koppenol 224

The role ofthe reaction ofNO with superoxide and o\\gen in biologicalsvstems A kinetic approachG C zapsb and S Goldstein 228

Fenton-tvpe reactions Meld hxdroxxl- and non-rndroxW-radical species'B E Sandstrom M Gramtrdm H Vezm 233

Radiolysis ofDNA in the presence of histones

H Schmsler I VR Dutel A Berger R Sieber 237

CONGRESS LECTURE

RadioKsis of proteins and model compoundsM Paraggi C Ferradim C Houee-Levin MH Klapper 241

WORKSHOP EARLY CHEMICAL EVENTS IN IRRADIATED DNA - ARE WE

ON THE RIGHT TRACK(S)'

Theoretical modeling ofradiation induced damage to chromatin

WR HolleyandA Chatter] ee 249

Novel algorithm for analy sis of DNA and chromatin damage induced bv ionizingradiation with different quahtvIK Khvostimov SO Andreev VA Pitkevich V Y Chepel 254

Radiation-induced radical transfer m DNA Relevance to strand break induction

P O'Neill r Melvm S W Botchway 258

Effects of DNA hydration on pnmarv radical formation and reaction

Which processes are ofbiological consequence'MD Sevilla T LaVere D Becker W Wang S S\aris K T Wheeler 262

Boundary wavelength between far-UV and X-rav tvpes ofDNA damage/ Hara M Saitou K Hieda 266

A comparison ofchemical fixation and repair reactions ofssb and dsb

in plasmid DNA LET and the role ofoxvgen

KM Prise NE Gillies BD Michael 270

X CONTENTS

SYMPOSIUM RADIATION CHEMISTRY AND ENVIRONMENT

Radiation-chemical studies regarding advanced oxidation processes in drinking

and waste water processing

C von Sonntag P Dowideit X W Fang R Mertens X -M Pan

M N Schuchmann H -P Schuchmann 274

Radiation chemical and photocatahtic degradation ofhalogenated organic compounds

K-D Aimus R Fhount O Makogon Y Mao C Schoneich 278

Electron beam degradation of air pollutants Fundamental aspects and application

R Mehnert andL Prager 282

Free radical chemistrs of the atmospheric aqueous phase

RE Hwe'

289

CONGRESS LECTURE

Food irradiation Detection of irradiated food

CHMcMurray 294

DNA AND CHROMOSOMES 303

CONGRESS LECTURE

Nuclear structure and the microheterogeneity of radiation damage in DNA

NL Oleimck, S-M Chm L-Y Xue L R Pnedman II Blasubramamam 305

SYMPOSIUM SPECIFIC DNA LESIONS AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES

Radiation-induced DNA base lesions factors that influence recognition by repair enzymes

and bypass by DNA polymerases1 Hatahet A Purmal, ~D Jiang. S S Wallace 311

8-oxoguanine and bistrand abasic sites in DNA mutagenic potential and repair

A P Grollman andM Takeshita 316

Mutagenic mechanisms in yeast and E coll Studies with individual UV photoproductsand abasic sites

C W Lawrence, PEM Gibbs. R Woodgate A Borden h Szekeres J Nelson

D Hmkle 320

Biochemical analysis ofpossible deviations from the "A rule" specificity of nucleotide

insertion at abasic DNA template lesions by Pol pE Efrati, G Tocco. I Bruck. R Eril/a, R Woodgate S H Wilson. J Tower,

MF Goodman 324

CONTENTS XI

WORKSHOP ASSAYS FOR DNA DAMAGE IN EUKARYOTIC CELLS

WHAT DO THEY SHOW

Assays for determining double-strand break induction and rejoining quality in specificgenome locations

M Lobrich, B Rydberg P K Cooper 332

Two different DNA ligases are responsible for the rejoining ofhomologous and

non-homologous termini

R M Mason J Thacker, MP Fairman 336

DNA damage and radiosensitivity What do we measure and is it relevant''

TJ McMillan C Bush A T Gordon. S Maleos 340

Fission-neutron effects on chromosome damage m Chinese hamster V79 cells

Use ofthe daughter- and granddaughter-microcolony micronuclei assayWF Blakely LA Benevides. HM Gerstenberg 344

Radiation-induced DNA damage and repair in individual cells

P L Olive, PJ Johnston, JP Bancith 348

CONGRESS LECTURE

Nuclear factories for replication, transcnption and repairJ McManus; T A Hughes. A Pombo. E Jones, F J Iborra D A Jackson,

P R Cook 352

SYMPOSIUM MECHANISMS OF DNA DOUBLE STRAND BREAK REPAIR

IN YEAST AND MAMMALIAN CELLS

Recombinational repair of double-strand breaks twenty years later

MA Res-nick C Bennett, N Kouprma V Lanonov. K Lewis, H Tran 362

Rejoining and expression of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks

m mammalian cells

PL Bryant 368

Double-strand break rejoining in extracts from eucaryotic cells

B Gottlich, S Reichenberger. E Feldmann P Pfeiffer 372

SYMPOSIUM DNA ORGANIZATION AND CELLULAR RADIATION SENSITIVITY

DNA organization, DNA damage induction and radiosensitivityRL Warters 376

Effects of hyperthermia on chromatin organization Consequences for DNA

repair and radiosensitivityHH Kampmga 380

XII CONTENTS

The role ofalterations in chromatin conformation in DNA double strand break

repair and cellular radiosensitivityG Ihahs, T Ganguly, G Pantehas, N Cheong, R Okayasu, S Shah

D Nederostek T Nishimoto 384

Transcription-coupled repair of radiation damage in human cells

SA Leadon and P Cooper 388

WORKSHOP DOES DNA REPAIR DETERMINE CELLULAR RECOVERY''

Defects in transcription-coupled repair of ionizing radiation-induced DNA base damagein radiosensitive XP-G and Cockayne-syndrome human cells

P K Cooper andS A Leadon 392

Human DNA repair genes and proteins affecting radiation sensitivity and the repair of

single-strand breaks

LH Thompson and K Caldecott 396

DNA-protein crosslinks Formation and repair m irradiated cells

S-M ChmL-Y Xue, LR Friedman, U Blasubramamam, NL Olemick 400

The extent and fidelity of DNA double-strand break rejoining as determinants ofcellular

recovery from radiation-induced potentially lethal damage in yeast

M Frankenberg-Schwager, B Jha, R Harbich, D Frankenberg 404

Genetic complementation of the radiosensitive SCID phenotype a role for

DNA-dependent protein-kinase in DNA double-strand break repairC U Kirchgessner, L M Fried, C Koumems, C K Patil, C A Cuomo,

J W Evans, P van Zijl, M A Oettinger, A J Gaccia, JM Brown 408

Differences in chromatin structure between two human tumour cell lines

Relation to radiosensitivityEC Woudstra, M Rosemann, JF Brunstmg, JM Roesink, AWT KomngsTJ McMillan, JH Peacock, HH Kampinga 412

CONGRESS LECTURE

Human genes involved m the repair ofradiation damageAR Lehmann 416

WORKSHOP STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF DNA REPAIR GENES

ANIMAL MODELS WHAT DO THEY TELL US?

Nucleotide excision repair subpathways Global and transcription coupled repairA A vanZeeland.A van Hoffen, L FH Mullenders 423

Preferential excision repair in the transcribed strand ofactive genes is UV-inducible

m human cells

M Francis, A J Rainbow 427

CONTENTS XIII

Radioresistant DNA synthesis after y-irradiation functional complementation,biological consequences

Ml Zdziemcka, GWCT Verhaegh W Jongmans NGJ Jaspers,A T Natarajan M Oshimura PHM Lohman 431

A cell-free assay for DNA double strand break rejoining in human cell nuclei

T Ganguly and G Ihakis 435

Postrephcation repair The role of RAD6 homologous genes in the mouse

HP Roest, J van Klaveren, J de Wit, M H M Koken H J vanRoijenJ T M Vreeburg D Bootsma, J A Grootegoed J H J Hoeijmakers 439

SYMPOSIUM CLUSTERED DAMAGE IN DNA AND CHROMOSOMES

Constraints on energy deposition/target size ofmultiply-damaged sites associated with

DNA dsb overview of 1995 updateDJ BrennerandJ F Ward 443

Complexities of multiply damaged sites

J F WardandJ R Milhgan 447

Mechanistic studies of clustered radiation-induced damage to DNA

BD Michael, KM Pnse, NE Gillies, M Folkard 451

Double strand break induction by heavy ions in yeastJ Kiefer, S Ikpeme, R Egenolf, M Brend'amour, 455

SYMPOSIUM MOLECULAR CYTOGENETICS

Three-dimensional topology of human chromosome territories Experimental approachesand model considerations

T Cremer, S Dietzel, A E Visser, R. Eils, M Granzow, A Jauch.E Schrdck,

T Ried, JA Aten, P Lichter, C Cremer 459

Molecular cytogenetic studies ofchromosome fragile sites

T-A Hon 464

Chromosome microdissection

M C Muhlmann-Diaz, A T Christian, JS Bedford 468

WORKSHOP MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF CHROMOSOMES

Premature chromosome condensation (PCC) - a tool to study the mechanism of

radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations

G / Terzoudi andG E Pantehas 472

xrv CONTENTS

Comparative studies ofchromosome breaks (PCC), exchange chromosome

aberrations (PCC/FISH) and DNA double-strand breaks in three different

human fibroblast cell lmes

C Badie C Arlett G Ihakis, EP Malaise 477

Predicted FISH chromosome painting patterns resulting from the transmission of

complex chromosome exchangesJRK Savage 481

Chromosome painting and biological dosimetry of absorbed radiation

M Bauchmger 485

Use oftelomenc probmg in identifying radiation induced chromosome aberrations

A T Natarajan JJ WA Boei, P Shjepcevw 489

Flow cytometric analysis ofradiation-induced micronuclei

M Nusse, BM Miller, A Slavotinek, S Viaggi 493

SYMPOSIUM RADIATION-INDUCED CHROMOSOMAL AND GENETIC

INSTABILITY

Genomic instability initiation and perpetuationC Limoli and WF Morgan 497

Radiation-induced genetic instability in stem cells

EG Wright 501

Delayed chromosomal instability induced by high and low LET radiation

S Ritter, E L Blakely, G Kraft 505

Chromosome instability and telomenc alteration detected in irradiated human fibroblasts

L Sabatier, J Lebeau, JP Pommier, B Dutrillaux 509

GENETICS AND ONCOGENESIS 513

CONGRESS LECTURE

Molecular mechanisms of radiation mutagenesisin normal and radiosensitive human cells

/ Thacker 515

CONGRESS LECTURE

Intragenormc heterogeneity ofrepair and its impact on mutagenesisLHF Mullenders.H Vneling, A A van Zealand 521

CONTENTS XV

SYMPOSIUM THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF RADIATION-INDUCED MUTAGENESIS

Loss ofheterozygosity at linked microsatelhte markers in spontaneous and X-ray

mduced TK mutants

A Grosovsky S L Nelson, P Pongsaensook, M Y Cha, C R Giver 527

Incidence and distribution ofradiation-induced large deletions in the mouse

BM Cattanach EP Evans, C Rasberry M D Burtenshaw 531

Mechanisms of ionizing radiation-induced mutagenesis

A Kronenberg S Gauny, C Cherbonnel-Laserre, S Nelson A GrosovskyL Lutze-Mann D Vannais, A Ueno, S Kraemer, C Waldren 535

WORKSHOP RADIATION-INDUCED GENE EXPRESSION AND GENE

AMPLIFICATION SIGNIFICANCE FOR BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS'?

Immediate activation of signal transducing kinases upon irradiation ofmammalian cells

M Iordanov, A Knebel C Sachsenmaier, P Herrlich, HJ Rahmsdorf 539

Changes m gene expression associated with radiation exposure

G E Woloschak, T Paunesku, C -M Chang-Liu, D J Grdma 545

Radiation signal transduction in ataxia-telangiectasiaMF Lavm, K K Khanna, H Beamish, R Williams, J Y MagtoufGatei, D Walters 548

Reduced p53 response to DNA damage in response human prostate epithelial cells

T Girinsky, C Koumems, T G Graeber D M Peehl, A Giaccia 552

Ionizing radiation-induced expression ofreceptor tyrosine kinases in human skin

cell lines Modulation by interleukin-3

R U Peter, A Beetz, G M Krdhn, P Kind, M Schartl, D van Beumngen 556

Correlation ofgene expression and gene amplificationC Lucke-Huhle, S Mai, J Moll 560

CONGRESS LECTURE

Hypoxia-induced modulation ofsignal transduction and gene expression

Potential relevance to malignant progression in human tumors

RM Sutherland, W Ausserer, B Murphy, K Laderoute 565

SYMPOSIUM MOLECULAR GENETICS AND CANCER

DNA repair deficiency, radiosensitivity and cancer

D Bootsma 575

Genetic predisposition to cancer and radiation risks

R Cox 580

XVI CONTENTS

WORKSHOP WHICH ARE THE DECISIVE STEPS IN RADIATION-INDUCED

CARCINOGENESIS''

The role of radiation in initiation, promotion and progression ofcarcinogenesis

G T Bowden, E Joseloff, A Gupta 584

Molecular alteration ofcc-induced transformed Syrian hamster embryo cells

D Wu, J Shou, Y Zhang Y Gong 588

Parental X-ray-provoked non-Mendehan selfish transgenerational oncodeterminants

F Anders, J Roushdy, A Anders, C Fleming, H Petty, K Retry, W Luke,

P Brix, H Schneider, H Groger E Schneider, J Kiefer 592

Induced genetic instability as a critical step m radiation carcinogenesis

JB Little 597

Carcinogenesis involves an imbalance between epigenetic high-frequency initiation

and suppression ofpromotion

K Kamiya, MN Gould.Y Nitta, O Niwa, KH Clifton 602

SYMPOSIUM COMBINED EFFECTS OF CHEMICALS AND RADIATION ON

ONCOGENIC CELL TRANSFORMATION

The modification of radiation induced transformation in vitro by chemicals

A R Kennedy 607

Transformation of human fibroblasts with the mutant p53 gene and X-raysM Namba, M Iijima, T Kondo, Y Inoue, T Tsuji, K Fushimi, K Mihara 611

Cellular and molecular differences and similarities in radiation- and chemically-induced mammary carcinogenesis implications for carcinogen interactions

MN Gould, K H Clifton, J D Haag, K Kamiya 615

Oncogenic transformation by radiation and chemicals in mammalian cells

T K Hei and C Q Piao 619

CELLULAR AND SYSTEMIC RESPONSES 623

CONGRESS LECTURE

Synchrotron X-ray studies ofmicrotubules structure, assembly and oscillations

E Mandelkow, A Marx, B Trmczek, 0 Schweers, E -M Mandelkow 625

CONGRESS LECTURE

Radiation and the molecular biology ofthe cell cycleWG, McKenna, A Maity, R M Muschel 629

CONTENTS XVII

CONGRESS LECTURE

Cellular radiosensitivity Lessons from rodent mutants

I Szumiel 635

SYMPOSIUM RADIATION-INDUCED APOPTOSIS

A rapid component ofradiation-induced cell death exhibits single-hit kinetics and

characteristics of apoptosisJD Chapman 0 Algan C C Stobbe S Biade G E Hanks 641

Characteristics of radiation-uiduced apoptosis in thymocytesT Yamada, H Ohyama 645

Accelerated repopulation during fractionated irradiation ofmurine ovarian carcinoma

and possible mechanismsHD Thames 649

The role ofapoptosis in tumor response to radiation

R E Meyn, and L Milas 653

WORKSHOP IS APOPTOSIS RELEVANT FOR RADIOTHERAPY''

Lethality ofDNA-associated 3H-and 125I-decays and the effect ofmode ofcell death

IR Radford 657

Radiation-induced apoptosis - effect ofcell cycle kinetics

M Guo.CC Ling, CH Chen, T Deloherey 661

Radiation induced cell death in Go lymphocytes Effects of dose rates and post

irradiation mitotic stimulation

A B Bdckbro, A E Meyer, M Harms-Ringdahl 665

Apoptosis and tumor reoxygenationC G MilrossandL Milas 669

Radiation-induced apoptosis ofnormal cells is inhibited by Bowman-Birk proteinaseinhibitor

AT H Dittmann, N Giiven, C Mayer, HP Rodemann 673

WORKSHOP ALTERATIONS IN GENE EXPRESSION AFTER LOW DOSE

IONIZING RADIATION AFFECT CELL CYCLE REGULATION AND

ADAPTIVE SURVIVAL RESPONSES

Lack oftranscription factor alterations following ultra-low doses ofionizing radiation

DA Boothman, E Odegaard, W M Sahijdak, M Meyers, C R Yang 676

independence of the adaptive response on induced cell cycle delays that allow

more time for repair

S Wolffand V Afzal 682

CONTENTS

Adaptive responses and gene expression What should we look for?

5 de Toledo EA Azzam R E J Mitchel 685

Adaptive responses in human cells

JD Shadley 689

Non-linear threshold dose response of murine tumongenesis by repeated P-irradiationand p53 mutations involved

H Tanooka A Ootsuyama 693

Reaction kinetics of radioadaptive response in cultured mouse cells

MS Sasaki T Shimizu 697

WORKSHOP WHAT DO WE KNOWABOUT RADIATION EFFECTS ON THE IMMUNE

SYSTEM?

Structure and function of the immune system under the influence ofionizing radiation

New approaches ofbiomathematical modelingTM Fliedner,P~R Wilstermann, S Bnicher K Mehr B Tibken EP Hofer 700

Radiation and the human immune systemM Akiyama, S Kyoizumi, Y Kusunoki, Y Hirai 705

Effect ofhigh versus low dose radiation on the immune system

GZJu SZ Liu XY Li, WH Liu H Q Fu 709

Lymphohematopoietic responses to chronic irradiation Consequences and survival

interpreted in a relevant long-lived speciesTE Fritz and TM Seed 715

Recovery ofthe immune system induced by cytokines in irradiated mice

G Dona, C Pioli D Frasca 719

Whole body hyperthermia to treat HIV infection

M Yatvin, M Shenoy, W Li, C Stemhart S Ash C Gingrich, D Sapir G Keeling 723

WORKSHOP ILEG WORKSHOP LONG TERM ANIMAL STUDIES

ARCHIVING AND RESULTS OF CONTINUOUS EXPOSURE

FIRST PART EUROPEAN AND THE US ARCHIVES

U S national radiobiology archives

CR Watson 727

Possibilities to use animal data bases for further statistical evaluation and modelingWC Griffith, BB Boecker, CR Watson, GB Gerber 731

The European radiobiological archives

GB Gerber 735

CONTENTS XIX

Problems related to the standardization ofpathological diagnoses in the archivingof animal data

W Gossner 739

SECOND PART RESULTS ON CONTINUOUS EXPOSURE OF ANIMALS

Leukemogenesis in C3H mice following continuous irradiation with gamma rays

of high and low dose rate

H Otsu T Furuse Y Noda A Shiragai N Yasuda 743

RBE oftritium measured by induction of myeloid leukaemia in CBA/H mice

NE Gentner 749

TISSUE AND TUMOUR BIOLOGY 753

CONGRESS LECTURE

Radiation-induced fibrosis From manto mouse to genes

EL Travis 755

SYMPOSIUM CELLULAR MECHANISMS OF LATE EFFECTS IN TISSUES

A role for transforming growth factor p in radiation fibrosis

MH Barcellos-Hoff 761

Radiation nephropathy a multicellular injuryEP Cohen 765

White matter necrosis ofthe spinal cord Studies on glial progenitor survival

and selective vascular irradiation

A J van der Kogel, BJ Kleiboer, I Verhagen, G J Morris J W Hopewell,JA Coderre 769

CONGRESS LECTURE

Blood supply, tissue oxygenation, pH distribution and bioenergetic status of

human tumours

P Vaupel 773

WORKSHOP HOW TO OVERCOME TUMOUR HYPOXIA

IMPROVED OXYGENATION OR BIOREDUCTrVE DRUGS?

Exploiting tumor microenvironments with bioreductive drugsJM Brown andM J Done 779

Carbogen and nicotinamide as tumour radiosensitisers

A Rojas 783

XX CONTENTS

Modification oftransient perfusion by nicotuiamide,carbogen and perflubron emulsionCD Thomas, S Stem DJ Chaplin M Guichar 787

Radiation-activated cytotoxins a new use for Rbntgen's rays in cancertreatment?

WR Wilson, W A Denny M Tercel 791

Artificial blood substitutes in radiotherapyS Rockwell, S J Baserga J P S Kmse'ly 795

WORKSHOP IS TUMOUR CELL REPOPULATION ACCELERATED DURING RADIOTHERAPY?

Time factor and prescnption bias in radiotherapy ofhead and neck tumours and of

bladder tumours

H -H Dubben andH -P Beck-Bornholdt 799

Evidence ofaccelerated repopulation in animal tumours

J C Kummermehr 803

Impact of overall treatment tune on local control ofhuman FaDu-SCC in nude mice

Repopulation vs reoxygenation

M Baumann, K Horn, C Liertz 807

No reliable evidence for accelerated repopulation in tumours during continuous

fractionated radiotherapyH -P Beck-Bornholdt and H-H Dubben 811

SYMPOSIUM RADIATION EFFECTS IN SPHEROIDS

Resistance to radiation and drugs of cells m three-dimensional culture

RE Durand 815

Experimental tumour therapy with targeted radionuclides in multicellular tumour spheroidsR J Mairs and T E Wheldon 819

Metabolic milieu - a response modifier in multicell spheroidsW Muller-Klieser 827

TUMOUR THERAPY 831

CONGRESS LECTURE

Estimation ofradiobiological parameters from cluneal dataSM Bentzen 833

CONTENTS XXI

SYMPOSIUM CLINICAL RELEVANCE OF PREDICTIVE ASSAYS FOR RESPONSE

TO RADIOTHERAPY

Tumour radiosensitivity as a predictor of response to radiotherapyC M L West and S E Davidson 839

The clinical relevance of normal tissue radiosensitivityW A Brock andFB Geara 843

The clinical relevance oftumour oxygenation measurements

M Guwhard 847

Tumour proliferation as a predictor of response to radiotherapyGD Wilson 851

SYMPOSIUM CLINICAL EXPERIENCE WITH ALTERED FRACTIONATION SCHEDULES

Altered fractionation schedules succeed clinical results and radiobiological modellingJF Fowler 855

Rectal cancer - a paradigm for investigations of radiation schedules without and with

chemotherapyM Molls andF B Zimmermann 859

Randomised controlled clinical trials with CHART

S Dische andMI Saunders 863

Acute normal tissue responses in conventional and altered fractionated radiotherapyfor head and neck cancer incidence, seventy and kinetics modifications

B Maciejewskt, B Pilech, K Skladowsh, R Tamawsh, R Suwmsh 868

CONGRESS LECTURE

Spinal cord radiationtolerance Are current concepts valid?

KK Ang, R E Price, L C Stephens 874

SYMPOSIUM THERAPEUTIC MODIFICATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF

NORMAL TISSUE INJURY

Rational and clinical advantage to be obtained fromthe therapeutic modulation of

normal tissue injury

J W Hopewell 882

Amelioration oflate normal tissue injury by pharmacological intervention after

radiotherapyMEC Robbins 886

Anti-inflammatory drug treatment of radiation injuries

A Michalowski 890

XXII CONTENTS

Cytokines as modifiers of normal tissue reaction

HP Rodemann, A Binder, A Burger, M Bamberg 894

CONGRESS LECTURE

Basic concepts and specific interactions of radiation and chemotherapyTL Phillips 898

SYMPOSIUM WHAT BENEFIT DO WE EXPECT FROM PARTICLE THERAPY?

A dissertation on cluneal aspects of negative pi-meson radiotherapyG B Goodman, T Pickles L D Skarsgard, D E Rheaume, J Bowen,

R 0 Kornelson, G Lam, C Fryer, C Ludgate 909

Overview ofheavy-ion therapyH Tsujn 917

An overview and preview ofproton-beam therapyJM Slater 923

The role of fast neutron radiation therapy an overview

R Engenhart-Cabillw 927

SYMPOSIUM BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY

Boron neutron capture therapy of brain tumours biological considerations

R F Barth 932

Radiobiological considerations in boron neutron capture therapyD Gabel 936

Boron neutron capture therapy for brain tumors planning and dosimetryY Nakagawa 940

Early clinical experience ofboron neutron capture therapy for glioblastoma multiformeD Joel, R Bergland, J Capala, M Chadha, A D Chanana, J A Coderre,

E Elowitz, H B Liu, D N Slatkin, 944

CONGRESS LECTURE

Preparative regimes for patients with leukemias and severe aplastic anemia

biological basis, experimental animal studies and clinical trials at the

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center

R Storb 948

CONTENTS XXIII

HYPERTHERMIA 953

CONGRESS LECTURE

Mechanisms ofthermal damageJR Lepock, H E Frey G A Semsterra, M L P Heynen 955

WORKSHOP CELLULAR EFFECTS OF HYPERTHERMIA

Fever-range, long duration hyperthermia, heat shock proteins and the immune responseY Di, E Repasky, J Subjeck 965

Effects ofhyperthermia on intracellular sodium levels and membrane

potentialG P Amormo andMH Fox 969

Heat shock protein synthesis in mammalian cells adapted to growth at low pHgDB Leeper, S P Rifat, M L Wahl, C S Owen 973

Involvement ofKU-autoantigen in the regulation ofhsp70 expressionGC Li, S -H Yang, D Kim, A Nussenzweig, H Ouyang, P Burgmann,L Li 977

Antitumour effects of hyperthermia and dietary fats, and alteration of lipid

peroxidation and glutathione levels

KC George, S Vartak, TPA Devasagayam, B B Singh LE Feinendegen 981

Sensitivity ofhuman melanoma cells to hyperthermia and/or radiation independenceof intracellular pHF ZdlzerandC Streffer 985

SYMPOSIUM RADIOSENSITIZATION BY HYPERTHERMIA

Radiosensrtization by hyperthermia Mechanisms of action

AWT Konings 989

Kinetics of DNA repair

E Dikomeyand J Dahm-Daphi 993

Hyperthermic radiosensitization in the treatment ofsolid tumors - experiencefrom mice and men

J Overgaard and M R Horsman 997

Enhancement of brachytherapy by long duration-mild temperature hyperthermiaE P Armour, D Gersten, A Martinez, PM Corry 1001

xxrv CONTENTS

SYMPOSIUM CLINICAL HYPERTHERMIA

Superficial hyperthermiaC C Vernon, J van derZee, J Overgaard D Gonzales Gonzales 1005

Cluneal interstitial hyperthermia Where have we been? Where are we going?PKSneed 1009

Results ofadditional hyperthermia in pelvic tumours

J van der Zee, D Gonzalez Gonzalez 1013

Hyperthermia clinical trials in JapanM Hiraoka, Y Nishmura, Y Nagata M Mitsumori, Y Okuno, M Abe 1017

NON-IONIZING RADIATIONS 1021

CONGRESS LECTURE

Chromatin properties affecting UV-induced damage formation and repairF Thoma, U Schieferstem, S Tanaka, R Wellmger 1023

CONGRESS LECTURE

UV and skin cancer The contribution of fundamental research to protection and risk

assessment in humans

R.M Tyrrell 1029

SYMPOSIUM PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY

Photodynamic therapy Problems and prospectsV Jain 1035

(New) photosensitizers in PDT

TMA R Dubbelman 1039

Photodynamic procedures in urologyD Jocham 1043

SYMPOSIUM UV EFFECTS ON MAN AND ECOSYSTEMS

Effects of UV radiation on aquatic ecosystemsD-P Hdder 1053

Patterns ofhuman exposure to ultraviolet radiation

F Urbach 1057

CONTENTS XXV

WORKSHOP BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS

Concept ofdose for non-ionizing electromagnetic fields

M Grandolfo 1062

Power frequency fields and cancer

MH Repacholi 1066

Do mobile phones pose a health hazard'

N Kuster 1072

Should exposure limits for EMF and RF fields be lowered?

H Garn 1076

Enhanced gene expression and mutation by ELF magnetic fields

J Miyakoshi, S Ohtsu, N Yamagisht, K Mohn, H Takebe 1080

WORKSHOP BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF PULSED ULTRASOUND

Nonthermal, noncavitational effects ofultrasound on tissue

E Rosenfeld 1084

Pulsed ultrasound as stimulator ofneural structures

LR Gavnlov 1088

Mechanisms ofchemopotentiation by low-level tone-burst ultrasound

GH Harmon EK Balcer-Kubiczek, PL Gutierrez, JV Ordonez 1092

Bioeffects resulting from gas bubble dynamicsAR Williams 1096

Ultrasonic bioeffects Thresholds m vitro

F Brummer, D Suhr, U Irmer, D F Hulser 1099

Superoxide formation by ultrasound and an ESR spintrap study for ubiquinone radicals

T Kondo, P Riesz 1103

RADIATION RISKS 1107

CONGRESS LECTURE

Fifty years afterthe A-bomb and the current cancer risk

K Mabuchi, D L Preston, D A Pierce, Y Shmizu, M Vaeth 1109

SYMPOSIUM EPIDEMIOLOGY OF RADIATION-rNDUCED CANCER

Leukemia in irradiated populationsG R Howe 1115

XXVI

Thyroid cancer near Chernobyl7 Abelin, J I Averkin, A E Okeanov J P Bleuer 1118

Cancer from internal emitters

B B Boecker and W C Griffith Jr 1122

SYMPOSIUM EVALUATION OF RADIATION RISKS

Radiation effects on the developing brain

G Konermann 1126

Biologically-based dose-response model for radiation carcinogenesis

E G Luebeck, S B Curtis, S H Moolgavkar 1130

Some epidemiological approaches to radiation-related cancer risk

C Land 1134

Re-evaluation of genetic radiation risks

K Sankaranarayanan 1138

SYMPOSIUM HEALTH EFFECTS OF THE CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT

Thyroid cancer promoted by radiation in children ofBelarus

EP Demidchik, Y E Demidchik 1143

Dose assessment for the children with thyroid cancer in Belarus

E Buglova, W Drzdovitch, G Goulko Y Kemgsberg, V Mmenko, H R Robl,

G Voigt.HG Paretzke 1147

Micronuclei in lymphocytes of children from ChernobylW-U Midler, C Streffer K Wuttke, C Remen, J Biko E Demidchik 1151

Radioiodine treatment ofthyroid cancer m children from Belarus

C Reiners, J Biko, L Geworski M Olthoff E P Demidchik, C Streffer,H G Paretzke, G Voigt, Y Kemgsberg, W Baiter, G Heinemann, H Pfob 1155

WORKSHOP RADIATION RISKS IN MEDICINE

Risks associated with the medical use of ionising radiation at various ages

J Slather andB F Wall 1159

Exposure ofthe embryo and foetus

S Mattsson 1163

Doses from diagnostic uses of radiation in medicine

J Valentin 1167

Radiation risk from radiotherapyL B Beentjes and J H Duijsmgs 1171

CONTENTS XXVII

Model for optimizing mammography screening protocolsJTM Jansen andJ Zoetehef 1175

Cancer risks after irradiation m infancy for skin hemangiomaM Lundell andL-E Holm 1179

WORKSHOP PHYSICS AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF RADIATION

RECEIVED IN SPACE AND AIRCRAFT

Opportunities for radiation research in spaceW Schimmerhng 1183

Radiation safety issues in high altitude commercial aircraft

JW Wilson, FA Cucinotta JL Shmn 1187

Space radiation measurement due to RRMD m IML-2 flight experimentsT Doke T Hayashi, J Kikuchi N Hasebe S Nagaoka, GD Badhwar 1191

Enzymatic repair ofradiation-induced DNA damage under microgravityG Horneck, P Rettberg, M Schdfer, H Zimmermann,H Rmk,C Baumstark-Khan S Kozubek 1195

SYMPOSIUM THE RISKS OF LOW LEVEL RADIATION EXPOSURE

COMPARED TO OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Comparing low-level radiation with other hazards

JohnBoice 1199

Indoor radon and lung cancer - etiologic fraction

A Auvmen 1203

East German uranium miners The risk oflate effects from exposure to a complexphysical and chemical environment

G Enderle, K Frudnch U Plappert, P -R Wiistermann, A Hagenmaier,B Ziegler, T Fliedner 1207

LATE ABSTRACTS 1211

INDEXES 1221

AUTHOR INDEX 1223

SUBJECT INDEX 1231