international conference on applied optics and photonics
TRANSCRIPT
117
Ann
ual M
eetin
g of
the
DGaO
& th
e In
tern
atio
nal C
onfe
renc
e on
App
lied
Opt
ics
and
Phot
onic
s 20
16.
Invitation and ProgrammHannover, May 17– 21, 2016
117th Annual Meeting of the DGaO
International Conference on Applied Optics and Photonics
13.5 149.5
Supporters of the International Conference on Applied Optics and Photonics 2016 / 117th Annual Meeting of the DGaO
Supported by
Sponsors
13521
0
ence on Applied Optics and Photonics 2016 / 117th Annual Meeting of the DGaO
Main sponsor
Cover Image: Schloss Herrenhausen GmbH
Hembach Photonik
149.5 13.5
City map of Hannover
Locations on the map(1) Conference venue: Schloss Herrenhausen(2) Welcome reception: New Town Hall(3) Hannover Main Station (Hauptbahnhof Hannover)(4) Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies (HOT)
useful telephone numbersemergency / police: 110fire / rescue: 112medical service: 05541 8030poison control center: 0551 19240crisis line: 0800 1110111taxicab: 0511 434343the taxi fare from Hannover MainStation to the conference location is13.90 € at official daytime tariff(credit cards accepted)see www.taxi-calculator.com forother routes
135
The German Society of Applied Optics (DGaO) e. V.
Chairman: Dr. Frank Höller
and
the International Commission for Optics (ICO)
Chairman: Yasuhiko Arakawa
invite to the
International Conference on Applied Optics and Photonics 2016
and
117. Annual Meeting of the DGaO
from May 17th to May 21th, 2016
and to the statutory General Meeting of the German Society of
Applied Optics (DGaO) on
May, 20th, 2016
in Hanover / Germany
2
Program Committee 2016Y. Arakawa, Tokyo University / ICO President, JapanS. Bäumer, TNO, The NetherlandsJ. Czarske, University of Dresden, GermanyP. Delaporte, Marseille University, FranceC. Denz, University of Muenster, GermanyC. Faber, HS Landshut, University of Applied Sciences, GermanyC. Grigoropoulos, Berkely University, USAA. Guzman, CREOL, USAF. Höller, Carl Zeiss AG, Oberkochen, GermanyA. Jacobsen, OpSys Project Consulting, Schöffengrund, GermanyD. Moore, Rochester University, USAL. Overmeyer, Leibniz University of Hanover, GermanyE. Reithmeier, IMR, Leibniz University of Hanover, GermanyB. Roth, HOT, Leibniz University of Hanover, GermanyR. Schuhmann, Berliner Glas, GermanyZ. ben Lakhdar, Tunis University, TunisiaG. van Steenberge, Gent University, BelgiumG. von Bally, University of MuensterD. Webb, Aston University, UKM. Wollweber, HOT, Leibniz University of Hanover
The conference is organized with the kind collaboration of:E. Erhard, DGaO office, GermanyM. Gauch, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V.A.-K. Kniggendorf, HOT, Leibniz University of Hanover, GermanyT. Wolfer, ITA, Leibniz University of HanoverK. Bremer, HOT, Leibniz University of HanoverM. Rahlves, HOT, Leibniz University of HanoverS. Dikty, HOT and ITA, Leibniz University of HanoverM. Wollweber, HOT, Leibniz University of HanoverB. Roth, HOT, Leibniz University of Hanover
DGaO proceedings The authors of both societies can publish their contributions in the DGaO Internet Journal DGaO Proceedings (www.dgao-proceedings.de). The contributions can be published as two-page manuscripts or as posters. Papers in the Proceedings may be quoted. The Proceedings of the 2014 event have been accessed about 12,000 times to date.The deadline for the upload of manuscripts and posters is July 24th, 2016. Instructions for the upload can be found on the DGaO Homepage at http://dgao-proceedings.de/hinweise/hinweise_d.php in German, and at http://dgao-proceedings.de/hinweise/hinweise_e.php in English.Eds. G. Häusler, C. Faber
Chairman of the meetingProf. Dr.-Ing. Eduard Reithmeier
3
Content
Overview of the program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
Technical program: Lectures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Wednesday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Thursday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Friday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Saturday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110
Technical Program: Posters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Index of authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Communications from the Organizing Committee . . 197
Working groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Fraunhofer Lecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
DGaO General Members Meeting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Advertisement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
4
Overview of the ProgramWednesday, May 18th Thursday, May 19th
Plenary Hall / Conference room A – Auditorium (basement floor) Conference room B – Seminar room 4 (ground floor)
Conference room C – Seminar room 3 (ground floor)
Time Room Lecture Titel/Topic Page09:00 A Opening 609:30 A H1 E. Reithmeier: Fringe
Projection in Engineering Applications for Optical Metrology
8
10:00 A H2 Y. Arakawa: t.b.a. 8
10:30 Coffee Break10:45 A A1-A6 Polymer Optical
Systems10
10:45 B B1-B6 Industrial 3D-Metrology
16
10:45 C C1-C6 Scattering and Aberrations
22
12:15 Lunch Break13:30-15:00
A S1-S3 Women in Optics 28
13:30 A S1 E. Rogan: Women in Optics
28
14:00 A S2 Z. ben Lakhdar: Optics over time - Women in Optics, Development and Education
28
14:30 A S3 D. Boebel: Actual Designs of Automotive Front Lighting Systems
30
15:00 Poster / Coffee16:00 A A7-A12 Printed Optics 3016:00 B B7-B12 Fibre Optical Sensors 3816:00 C C7-C12 Automotive Lighting 44
Time Room Lecture Titel/Topic Page08:30 A H3 L. Overmeyer: Planar-
integrated polymer-optical sensor foils
50
9:00 A H4 K. Minoshima: Optical length metrology with extreme precision using fully controlled fiber-based frequency combs
50
9:30-10:30
A S4-S5 ICO and IUPAP Awards 52
9:30 A S4 Ernst-Abbe LectureA. Ozcan: Democratization of Next-Generation Microscopy, Sensing and Diagnostics Tools through Computational Photonics
52
10:00 A S5
IUPAP-AwardF. Koppens: Pho-tons, Plasmons and Electrons meet in 2D materials
52
10:30 Poster / Coffee Break10:45 A A13-A18 Polymer Optics
Manufacturing54
10:45 B B13-B18 Thin Films and Surface Characterization
60
10:45 C C13-C18 Optical System Design 6612:15 Excursion /
Networking Event
Conference room B – Seminar room 4 (ground floor)
Overview of the ProgramFriday, May 20th Time Room Lecture Titel/Topic Page08:30 A H5 T. Kippenberg: The Sci-
ence and Applications of high Q optical micro-resonators in frequency metrology and quan-tum optomechanics
72
09:00 A H6 J. Popp: Solutions to unmet medical needs: advances in Biopho-tonics
72
09:30 Poster / Coffee
10:00 A A19-A24 Integrated Optics 7210:00 B B19-B23 Interferometry 8010:00 C C19-C23 Biophotonics and
Optogenetics I86
11:30-12:30
A S6-S7 Optics in Developing Countries
92
11:30 A S6 Y. Chembo: Optoelectronic oscilla-tors and applications
92
12:00 A S7 M. Zghal: Photonic Nanowires for Pulse Compression and Sensing Applications
92
12:30 Lunch Break13:30 A Young Scientists
Award92
14:15 A A25-A28 Adaptive Optics and Beam Shaping
94
14:15 B B25-B29 Deflectometry and Speckle Coded Measurements
98
14:15 C C25-C29 Biophotonics and Optogenetics II
104
15:30 A DGaO General Meeting / Poster / Coffee break
108
17:30 C, B WG: Biophotonics (C)WG: Optical Sensor Systems (B)
108
18:30 Admission to Lecture / Dinner
108
19:00 Fraunhofer - Lecture /Gala Dinner S. Hell: Optical microscopy: the resolution revolution
108
5
Poster session: Wednesday to Saturday P1-P70 (Foyer)
Time Room Lecture Titel/Topic Page09:00 A H7 N. Kerwien: Optical
System Design for the Digital Future
110
09:30 A H8 P. Hartmann: Optical Materials – Progress enables new applications and research
110
10:00 Coffee break
10:30 A A30-A33 Optical Materials and Design 112
10:30 B B30-B33 Applied Laser Technologies
116
10:30 C C30-C33 Phase Retrieval 12012:00 End of Conference
Saturday, May 21th
6
Conference Program
Tuesday, May 17th, 2016 Lab Tour at Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies (HOT)
14:00 – 16:00 h Tour starts at the foyer of the Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies, Nienburger Straße 17, 30167 Hannover (close to the conference venue, see map on the book cover)
Welcome Reception at the New Town Hall Hannover Trammplatz 2, 30159 Hannover (see map)
17:30 – 18:30 h Registration (ID badges only)
18:30 – 19:00 h Reception with short welcome address by the mayor of Hannover, Stefan Schostok
19:00 – 21:00 h Welcome reception (live music and finger food)
Wednesday, May 18th, 20168:00 h Registration opens at conference venue (conference documents available on-site)
9:00 h Opening Session Plenary Hall
Dr. Frank Höller
Dr. Gabriele Heinen-Kljajic (Minister for Science and Culture, Lower Saxony) Prof. Dr. Volker Epping (President Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University, Hannover)
Prof. Dr. Eduard Reithmeier
9:00 h
7
Welcome Meeting
Opening Session
Fringe Projection in Engineering Applications for Optical MetrologyEduard Reithmeier, Institute for Measurement and Automatic Control, Leibniz University of [email protected]
Non-contact geometric Measurement techniques which are based on optical fringe projection have developed into a broad variety of engineering applications during the last two decades. Measurement volumes range from several ten micrometers up to several meters. Complex object surface scattering due to the interaction between considerably different light sources (narrow to wide band, coherent to non-coherent, etc.) and highly distinctive surface characteristics (roughness, discontinuities, gradient dependent,..) have been under intensive scientific investigations and lead finally to a systematic approach in setting up appropriate measuring devices. This holds for accessible and hard-to-access measurement surfaces as well. Depending on different measurement tasks, this presentation tries to compile different fringe projection methods (conventional, inverse, virtual, microscopic, depth scanning, endoscopic,…) in correlation to its applications. In that sense, it might be also seen as a survey and guideline to users, experienced and unexperienced as well.
Applied Laser TechnologiesYasuhiko Arakawa, Tokyo University, ICO [email protected]
t.b.a.
10:30 – 10:45 Coffee Break
Room A
H19:30
H210:00
8
WEDNES DA Y
9
WEDNES DA Y
Plenary SessionOptical Metrology and Applied Laser Technologies
Dr. F. Höller, Carl Zeiss AG, DGaO President, ICO Vice President
10
WEDNES DA Y
Room A
A110:45
A211:00
Polymer hybrid materials for planar optronic systemsM. Körner, O. Prucker, J. Rühe, Institut für Mikrosystemtechnik IMTEK, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität [email protected]
Planar optronic systems made entirely from polymeric functional materials on polymeric foils are interesting architectures for monitoring and sensing applications. However, foil based polymer microstructures have often low mechanical or thermal stability. Microstructures such as waveguides deform quickly and lose their function.To avoid this, we use thermally reactive groups integrated into the polymer backbone which can later on be reacted with adjacent C-H-groups to form a polymeric network. This crosslinking reaction strengthens the stability [1] of the polymer but reduces the flexibility of the material. This problem can be circumvented if copolymers are used which carry components having a low glass transition temperature. The thus generated material is then filled into a PDMS stamp and hot embossed onto a foil substrate e.g. PMMA and results in flexible, yet mechanically stable polymer ridge waveguides. In our contribution we will report on the synthesis of these materials, their processing to multimode waveguides and the characterization of these waveguides.[1] Körner, M., Prucker, O., Rühe, J.; Proc. Of SPIE, Vol. 9626, 9626O-1
Reactive lamination via photoreactive polymersA.-K. Schuler*, R. Rother**, S. Zunker*, O. Prucker*, C. Müller**, H. Reinecke**, J. Rühe**, Laboratory for Chemistry and Physics of Interfaces, Department of Microsystems Engineering - IMTEK University of Freiburg; ** Laboratory for Process Technology, Department of Microsystems Engineering - IMTEK, University of [email protected]
Lamination is one of the most prominent ways to generate multilayer foils from single sheets. Such foils are interesting for micro-optical systems which carry optical components and additional functional layers, e.g. protective coatings. However, conventional lamination is often not applicable to chemically different polymeric materials. Two prominent examples are foils of cyclic olefin copolymers (COC) and poly(methylmethacrylate) PMMA, which are very important polymers for optical applications. We have now developed reactive polymer systems which are able to chemically attach to any polymeric material providing aliphatic C,H bonds. The mechanism is based on CHIC (C,H insertion crosslinking) reactions using photoreactive carbonyl components incorporated in the polymer backbone, such as anthraquinone, xanthone or thioxanthone derivates. The reactive lamination process is performed by deposition of photoreactive materials by spray coating on a polymer foil, followed by lamination with a second foil and activation by UV light. We will present the mechanism of this reactive lamination process and results of the mechanical characterization of the multilayer foils.
11
WEDNES DA Y
Polymer Optical SystemsProf. B. Roth, Leibniz University Hanover
12
WEDNES DA Y
Room A
A311:15
A411:30
Laser-active polymer materials for waveguide fabricationK. Kurselis, L. Sajti, B. Chichkov, Nanotechnology Department, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hannover, [email protected]
We are studying the possibility to broaden the applicability of polymers by introducing optically-active characteristics. The optically-active polymers we develop are nanocomposites with lasing capabilities, that can be produced using two alternative techniques. The first one is the incorporation of laser-generated 10-100 nm size nanoparticles of active media, eg., Nd:glass. Thermoplastics and photoresins are identified as suitable matrixes. Alternatively, doping of fluorinated photoresins by a solute based dispersion of optically active ions is examined. Using these optically- and laser-active polymers we fabricated diverse micro-optical components, including waveguides.In this work, we address physical properties of such nanocomposite materials, including measurements of optical losses, radiative lifetime and gain. We prove that these materials have a high potential to be used for integrated, disposable, recyclable on-chip and on-foil laser applications.
A simple, full-polymer tilt and displacement sensor for planar-optical measurementC. Kelb*, E. Reithmeier**,*, B. Roth*, * Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies, Leibniz Uni-versität Hannover; ** Institute for Measurement and Automatic Control, Leibniz Universität [email protected]
Strain and/or displacement sensing based on optical principles is complementary to electrical strain measurement with advantages in corrosive or explosive environments or in applications where strong electric or magnetic fields prevent the use of electrical components. The most prominent example of optical strain measurement systems is based on Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG). The achievable sensitivity of such systems equals or surpasses that of electrical devices, although relatively expensive readout equipment is needed.We aim at the realization of a simple strain and displacement sensor whose main features are a full-polymer 2D approach, inexpensive readout equipment requirements, and compatibility to large-scale production. The sensor consists of five arrayed emitter and receiver waveguide pairs in a butt-coupling configuration. We discuss the manufacturing process, the readout algorithm as well as the hardware for readout. While the sensitivity is not yet as high as for current FBG systems, our sensor can be useful for distributed sensing, e.g. for crack monitoring in civil structures or wearable applications where large elongations are to be detected with moderate sensitivity.
13
WEDNES DA Y
Polymer Optical Systems
14
WEDNES DA Y
Room A
A511:45
A612:00
Polymer-based Ring Resonators for Sensing ApplicationsE. Pichler*, K. Bethmann**, U. Zywietz***, C. Reinhardt***, U. Willer*, * Energie-Forschungszentrum Niedersachsen, TU Clausthal; ** Fraunhofer Heinrich-Hertz-Institut; *** Laserzentrum Hannover [email protected]
Ring resonators, esp. when processed with well established silicon-nitride wafer technology, are already successfully applied for sensitive detection of gases and fluids. The effective refractive index is changed if molecules are present close to or adsorbed at the surface which leads to a shift in resonance frequency. Selectivity is only achieved by functionalization of the surface or by its coating with appropriate receptor molecules to guarantee that only the species of interest is accumulated at the interface. Transfer of this technique into a cost effective material system like a polymer foil is attractive for the realization of sensor networks in a large-scale, complementing other sensors for pressure, strain and temperature. Extensive simulations where performed to determine appropriate dimensions for the waveguides, the design of the ring and the coupling zone and to estimate losses. Based on these results, polymer micro-ring resonators were manufactured using microscope projection lithography. Different designs were realized using off-the shelf polymer materials. Characterization of the ring resonators themselves and their sensing performance will be discussed.
All-polymer whispering gallery mode sensor in the low-Q regimeA.B. Petermann*, U. Morgner**, M. Meinhardt-Wollweber*, *Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies (HOT), Leibniz University Hannover, Nienburger Strasse 17, D-30167 Hannover, Germany; **Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, [email protected]
Microcavities, such as spheres, rings or toroids, show sharp optical resonances at specific wavelengths, called whispering gallery modes (WGMs). They provide high quality factors, which leads to high sensitivity to changes in the environment, for example, due to temperature or forces. The conventional method to measure these physical quantities using WGMs is to record the resonance shift of a single microresonator. Usually an expensive low-bandwidth tunable laser system with high spectral accuracy is necessary for this. In our approach, we use an array of microspheres with slightly different diameters, taking advantage of the fact that every single microsphere has a different resonance behavior. Knowing the dependency of these intensity patterns on temperature for example makes it possible to measure changes of this quantity at a fixed wavelength. Moreover using many spheres instead of one relieves the high demands on the resonance quality and thus allows using inexpensive polymer spheres instead of high quality resonators. So, this realization of a WGM-sensor opens the perspective of simple and low cost WGM sensing.
15
WEDNES DA Y
Polymer Optical Systems
16
WEDNES DA Y
Room B
B110:45
B211:00
In-situ fringe projection using coherent image fibersS. Matthias*, M. Kästner*, E. Reithmeier*, *Institute of Measurement and Automatic Control, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Nienburger Str. 17, 30167 Hannover, [email protected]
Fast in-situ inspection of functional geometries, such as tools, is an essential task in many production processes. Increasing integration of machinery results in a limited accessibility for measuring systems. To enable the detection of geometry deviations under these conditions, an optical measuring system based on the fringe projection principle is in development. Compact dimensions and versatile positioning of the system’s sensor head are achieved by using gradient index lenses and flexible image fibers, which are connected to a base unit containing the pattern generator and camera sensor. This contribution gives an overview over the optical design of the new system with a focus on the imaging artifacts emerging from the fibers and gradient lenses, followed by a description of the adapted image processing, calibration and reconstruction algorithms for fringe projection profilometry. Measurements of calibrated reference geometries and industrial forming tools are shown to demonstrate the capabilities of the new system.
Inline detection of defects on free formed metal pressings using a single shot inverse fringe projection approachM. Strohmeier*, M. Ludwig*, F. Buchner*, C. Schelske**, C. Faber*, * Hochschule Landshut – University of Applied Sciences; ** BMW AG, Werk [email protected]
Optical inspection of surface topographies typically relies on the acquisition of several images. However, in production measurement technology, there are many applications where the use of multiple images is prohibitive. One of those applications is the detection of constrictions on deep-drawn parts. Especially vibrations, short cycle times, varying lighting conditions and the limited installation space issue big challenges when integrating an optical inspection system into a press. However, as only the deviation from an a priori known topography is of interest, and as the device under test is well-aligned within the press, this is a perfectly suited application for “inverse fringe projection”. The key idea is to pre-distort the projected pattern based on the known shape of the part. Thus, the camera only detects variations of the fringes at defect areas. In our approach, the analysis of the resulting pattern is carried out using the Fourier-method introduced by Takeda. We present simulation, hardware implementation and first measurement results for such a system. To qualify the developed solution in the field, it is tested in a production environment in cooperation with BMW.
17
WEDNES DA Y
Industrial 3D-MetrologyA. Jacobsen, Opsys Project Consulting
18
WEDNES DA Y
Room B
B311:15
B411:30
Laser triangulation in harsh industrial conditionsT. Müller, A. Pösch, E. Reithmeier, Institut für Mess- und Regelungstechnik, Leibniz Universität [email protected]
Laser triangulation is a well-established technique for three-dimensional measurement of surface topographies. In most cases, laser triangulation is conducted in clean and well defined operating conditions. Impurities such as cooling agents or dust from abrasive machining during component manufacturing can easily manipulate the measurement result. In this article, a laser triangulation measurement system is introduced, which can be used in harsh operating conditions during component manufacturing. The measurement system can deal with splashing liquids and other impurities such as dust. The adaptions compared to a conventional laser triangulation system concern the protective enclose of the system, the optical design and the data progressing algorithm.
The 3D motion picture camera – about single-shot, high resolution 3D-imagingF. Willomitzer, G. Häusler, Institute of Optics, Information and Photonics, Friedrich-Alexander-University [email protected]
At recent DGaO conferences we introduced experiments towards a single shot 3D-movie camera, meaning that each single camera frame incorporates a complete 3D map, as a hologram does. The camera is based on multi-line triangulation. As the line density is limited due to the sampling theorem and ambiguity problems, it is extremely difficult to achieve an information efficiency in the range of about 100.000 (independent, non interpolated) 3D-points with a 1 Mpix camera. From the gold standard “fringe projection triangulation” we estimate the ultimate limit being 330.000 3D-points for a 1 Mpix camera.Now we introduce a novel concept that acquires nearly 300.000 3D-points with a 1 Mpix camera. The new concept fully exploits the theoretically available space bandwidth product, and it displays a lateral and longitudinal resolution close to the physical limit as well.The camera works with static illumination which allows for high intensity projection. Combined with the single-shot ability, the 3D frame rate is as fast as the camera speed. That will enable high speed 3D documentation of fast processes, such as crash tests.We will show 3D-movies taken with our 3D motion picture camera.
19
WEDNES DA Y
Industrial 3D-Metrology
20
WEDNES DA Y
Room B
B511:45
B612:00
Edge measurement based on multi laser triangulation sensorsY. Li*, M. Kästner*, E. Reithmeier*, * Institute of Measurement and Automatic Control, Leibniz Universität [email protected]
Common 2D laser profile sensors based on the well-known triangulation principle allow 2D geometry scanning of one single line. The measurement range of one sensor is limited by the angle of incidence between the receiving element and the projected laser line. For the measurement of complex form samples with great curved surfaces, one laser profile sensor from only one direction cannot scan the whole form of a sample. For example, 3D edge measurements require a cooperation scanning of more than one sensor from different directions. In this paper we present a 3D edge measurement system based on two 2D laser profile sensors, which allows edge measurements of turbine blades. The design of the experiment setup, the calibration process and the measurement results of this sensor system are discussed.
Easy field-applicable calibration of a miniaturized light sectioning sensor with application-specific illumination opticsA. Besborodow, C. Faber, Fakultät Elektrotechnik und Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen, Hochschule Landshut – University of Applied [email protected]
According to the “VDI-Roadmap 2020”, flexibility and miniaturization are the two major challenges for production measurement technology in the next 5 years. Therefore, miniaturized optical sensors that can easily be adapted to each application will become more and more important in the future. One approach to fulfil this requirement for 3D sensors is to use application specific illumination optics for each inspection task. However, this is only feasible if there is an easy way to calibrate each new sensor setup – preferably also in the field.In this contribution, we demonstrate such a calibration procedure for a light sectioning sensor consisting of a line laser and a super-miniaturized “NanEye2D” camera manufactured by ams (size: 1.0 mm x 1.0 mm x 1.7 mm). As the camera is the only physical invariant in this setup – following an approach proposed by the OSMIN group of the University of Erlangen – it is used as a calibration tool for the whole sensor. This requires a very good photogrammetric calibration of the camera itself, which is especially challenging considering the extremely distorting imaging optics involved. A complete calibration is shown and quantitatively assessed
21
WEDNES DA Y
Industrial 3D-Metrology
22
WEDNES DA Y
Modeling of light scattering from optical surfacesP. Sakowicz, B. Michel, B. Berneker, Hembach Photonik [email protected]
Optical instruments are normally designed under the assumption of perfectly smooth optical surfaces. However, this is never the case in practice: surface imperfections such as scratches, digs and roughness as well as contaminations by small particles produce stray light that needs to be considered when analysing the performance of optical instruments. This is not only relevant for the high-end optical systems such as space optics. In many illumination systems such as light guides stray light is induced intentionally. In any case the surface properties should be modelled and their impact evaluated correctly. The key quantity for modeling light scattering from surfaces is the bidirectional scattering distribution function (BSDF). In this talk we concentrate on BSDF models available in commercial software. We present typical scenarios in which a detailed modelling is needed. Beside the theoretical discussion, we compare two experimental approaches to determine the BSDF—by measuring the angle-resolved scatter and by evaluating AFM-images of the surface topography. We discuss limitations of these approaches and propose solutions to overcome their drawbacks.
A fast and scalable algorithm for the Monte Carlo simulation of elastic scattering in perturbed mediaO. Kalthoff*, R.Kampmann**, S. Streicher*, S. Sinzinger**, * Fakultät für Informatik, Hochschule Heilbronn; ** Fachgebiet Technische Optik, TU [email protected]
The simulation of light propagation in perturbed media is important in a variety of applications like atmospheric science, biomedical optics or lithographic optical systems.
Based on the theory of elastic scattering on spheroidal particles (G. Mie, 1908) we have developed a Monte Carlo algorithm for the simulation of multiple scattering. In contrast to deterministic ray tracing our approach fully considers the statistical nature of scattering on a microscopic scale. For optical systems this is computationally expensive and requires the usage of parallel processors to reduce execution time.
Using a high precision testbed for scattering measurements we have experimentally verified our approach of simulating light propagation in perturbed media.We have further shown that our parallel programming model is physically justified. The approach is scalable with respect to the number of processors available: without re-writing code more extensive Monte Carlo simulations can be computed. This is of special importance if a high statistical accuracy of the results is required.
Room C
C110:45
C211:00
23
WEDNES DA Y
Scattering and AberrationsProf. M. Pfeffer, HS Ravensburg-Weingarten
24
WEDNES DA Y
Room C
C311:15
C411:30
Simulation of the OCT-depth signal of homogeneous turbid media using a modified Monte-Carlo modelA. Varkentin*, Maya Otte*, M. Meinhardt-Wollweber*, M. Rahlves*, B. Roth*, *Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies (HOT) - Leibniz Universität Hannover, [email protected]
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is widely used for imaging of biological tissue. The extraction of quantitative information such as the scattering coefficient μ_s is straight forward only for weakly scattering media where ballistic photon scattering can be assumed. For strongly scattering media multiple scattering has to be considered. Photons, which are scattered more than once, but are still within the coherence length of the OCT, also contribute to the signal and change the slope. Also, a cluster of equal scatterers can appear as one single scatterer with different optical properties. These effects lead to concentration dependent scattering. We present a simple model to simulate OCT depth signals in weakly and strongly scattering media. In our extended MCML implementation photons are collected in bins representing the number of undergone scattering events. A weighting function rescales the photon signal according to its bin. Based on a parameter study of this weighting function we are able to implicitly predict the influence of dependent scattering without modeling the process explicitly. In future, our quantitative approach could improve biological imaging.
The 3D inverse optoacoustic source problem on the beam axisO. Melchert, J. Stritzel, M. Rahlves, M. Wollweber, B. Roth, Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, [email protected]
Today, optoacoustics is widely used in the life sciences, e.g. for imaging of biological tissue. While the direct problem of absorption of light in biological media consists of solving the optoacoustic wave equation for an initial pressure distribution p0(r), the inverse problem, i.e. thereconstruction of optical properties from observed signals is not sufficiently understood, yet.For the particular case of a Gaussian transverse beam profile, the signal p(z,t) at a point z along the beam axis, at the retarded time t, is given by an integral equation, which is linear in the initial pressure profile p0(t) on the boundary of the absorbing medium. This integral equation resembles a Volterra equation of the second kind with known kernel, where p(z,t) is given and p0(t) is an unknown function to be solved for. For this, existing inversion schemes need to be adapted.Here, we study the inversion of synthetic signals that correspond to different initial pressure distributions, compare the inversion in the far-field to an approximate method based on the solution of a simple differential equation and consider the effect of noise on the quality of the reconstructed profile.
25
WEDNES DA Y
Scattering and Aberrations
26
WEDNES DA Y
Room C
C511:45
C612:00
Design and simulation rules for printed optical waveguides with implemented scattering methods in CAD and raytracing softwareF. Loosen*, C. Backhaus*, N. Lindlein*, J. Zeitler**, J. Franke**, * Institute of Optics, Information and Photonics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstraße 7/B2, 91058 Erlangen; ** Institute for Factory Automation and Production Systems, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) [email protected]
The printing process of polymer optical waveguides is a new and uncharted research topic, which the research group OPTAVER is principally involved in. A main consequence of the printing process is the roughness of the interface between core and cladding. This surface between the dielectric media creates scattering in printed waveguides. To simulate this behaviour, standard non-sequential raytracing methods have to be extended with scattering algorithms. Here, scattering power spectra for each incident ray interacting with the rough surface are generated using the perturbation theory. Another task is to connect MID-specific CAD tools with raytracing simulations to create a holistic tool for design and validation of light propagation. This tool is specifically prepared to analyze the manufacturing process of polymer optical waveguides. This technique facilitates new applications in different research and development fields. Comparing the performances of real printed and simulated polymer optical waveguides is one of the major links between the different researchers of this DFG research group.
Optical tweezers affected by monochromatic aberrationsR. Kampmann, S. Sinzinger, Fachgebiet Technische Optik, Institut für Mikro- und Nanotechnologien, Technische Universität [email protected]
During the past decades optical tweezers (OT) have been in the focus of intense research. As a result, OT are used as a widespread tool in a variety of applications. In this work we investigate the effect of optical aberrations on OT. In imaging optics aberrations result in non-ideal image properties like distortion, contrast reduction, decreased resolution etc. The origin of these imaging defects can be traced back to wavefront errors, expressed by Seidel coefficients. OT suffer from these aberrations as well. They lead e.g. to a decrease of trapping efficiencies, instable trapping potentials up to complete functional failure. Based on experimental studies and numerical simulations we investigate the effect of specific optical aberrations added to a nearly ideal trapping system. The experimental results serve as validation for numerical force simulation routine based on a geometrical optics approach. That way we are able to simulate how an OT reacts to specific optical aberrations as well as combinations of them. Changes of the axial and radial optical forces compared to an ideal system indicate which kind of aberration severely impacts the OTs performance and functionality.
12:15 Lunch Break
27
WEDNES DA Y
Scattering and Aberrations
28
WEDNES DA Y
Room A
S113:30
S214:00
Woman in OpticsElizabeth A. Rogan, OSA, [email protected]
Women science leaders and luminaries are rare – why has this situation occurred and what are the options to make positive change? When the general public is asked to name their favorite woman scientist, the list is quite short after Marie Curie, a pioneer in radioactivity from the 19th century.Why is the rate of women receiving prizes and other honors so low? Why are there so few female chairs of departments or high level University management positions?I’ll explore these issues by covering the facts on the status of women scientists and review some of the reasons for the gender imbalance, plus comment on why it’s important to address this imbalance.
Optics and photonics is an exciting and challenging field for women scientists and engineers. I’ll review the history and opportunities that are offered by working in the field, plus the challenges that optics can help solve in the near future. I’ll explore a number of examples of success by women in optics and the varied approaches that can be initiated to have a rewarding career in this field.
Optics over timeWomen in Optics, Development & Education?Zohra Ben Lakhdar, Tunisia [email protected]
Our life is defined through light and optics by 2 fundamental concepts in science: -space and time- Until the Xth century, light was supposed to come from the eye. Ibn Al Haytham introduced an understanding of the behavior of light and the way images obtained in a camera obscura. He changed the dogma of vision: the sight is a result of light entering the eye from the world outside. Five centuries later we assist to the scientific revolution: Galileo with his telescope, the earth is no more the Centre of the universe and the authority in the observation of nature is shifted from human senses to instruments. With optics, light becomes the language of nature of atoms and molecules.Time scales varies from the very big with development of astronomical calendars (3100BC) to the femtosecond scale (in1980), to the very small, the scale of atoms and molecules in motion.
What is the contribution over time of women in Optics, Development & Education?
29
WEDNES DA Y
Plenary SessionWomen in Optics
Dr. M. Wollweber, Leibniz University Hanover
30
WEDNES DA Y
Room A
S314:30
A716:00
Actual Designs of Automotive Front Lighting SystemsDoris Boebel, Automotive Lighting Reutlingen [email protected]
After a period with improvements in the low beam area like dynamic curve light or motorway light, the special advantages of LEDs as light sources are now used to realize new functionalities in the high beam area. The “Glare-free High Beam” offers the driver a illumination of the street and the surrounding comparable to the known high beam, but does not glare other road users. To use this functionality in the car, a camera system analyzing the traffic situation is necessary.The glare-free high beam is realized as an optical or opto-mechanical system and can be based on reflection or projection type systems. The challenge of the optical system is to create on one hand vertical cutoffs for the shadows around other cars and on the other hand a homogeneous light distribution for the illumination of the scenery for the driver.
15:00 Poster / Coffee
3D nanolithography with ultrashort laser pulsesU. Hinze, A. El-Tamer, B. Chichkov, Laser Zentrum Hannover [email protected]
Two-photon polymerization (2PP) is a powerful tool for direct laser writing of 3D structures. Several properties make this technique particularly appealing for the fabrication of micro-optical and photonic devices: Due to the nonlinear nature of 2PP the resolution of polymerized voxels is scalable and can be beyond the diffraction limit down to sub-100 nanometer. Arbitrary shaped 3D microstructures of centimeter size can be fabricated by precisely overlapped voxels.
Due to this 2PP has become a versatile tool for mask-free fabrication, and it is used for the fabrication of complex functional 3D micro and nano devices with applications in micro optics, micro mechanics, micro fludics, biology and medicine.The common approach is to move the focus of an ultra-short fs-laser within a photo resist polymerizing it selectively. For complex devices and objects with high polymerization volume the writing process can be parallelized with spatial light modulators.
In this contribution, we present our recent results on efficiently producing micro- and nanostructures with the example of an opto-mechanical human implant, a diffractive intraocular lens.
31
WEDNES DA Y
Plenary SessionWomen in Optics
Dr. M. Wollweber, Leibniz University Hanover
Printed OpticsProf. L. Overmeyer, Leibniz University Hanover
32
WEDNES DA Y
Room A
A816:15
A916:30
Additive manufacturing of polymer based waveguides using hybrid µ-stereolithographyA. Hohnholz*, K. Obata*, J. Koch*, O. Suttmann*, * Laser Zentrum Hannover [email protected]
A hybrid µ-stereolithography system that combines conventional µ-stereolithography and aerosol jet printing techniques has been developed for the fabrication of polymer-based waveguide structures with high resolution on free-form surfaces. The aerosol jet printing system allows coating uniform polymer layers for a layer-by-layer process in µ-stereolithography. In the experiments Ormocer® is used as a polymer material for the waveguide cores. Pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) is used for the waveguide cladding. The obtained core parts with elliptical cross section show a smooth surface with 39 nm of average roughness (Ra) that fulfills the conditions for guiding light. Ormocer® and PETA have enough difference in refractive index for light propagation inside the waveguide. Guiding a laser beam with 532 nm wavelength has been demonstrated using a fabricated waveguide structure. The propagation of the laser beam was in multi-mode. The hybrid µ-stereolithography process can become a fabrication technique for polymer-based waveguides as a next generation of optical interconnects in photonic integrated circuits.
3D printed light pipes for advanced illuminationA. Heinrich, Y. Bauckhage, Zentrum für optische Technologien, Hochschule [email protected]
Additive manufacturing is a promising fabrication method for optical components used for illumination tasks, as completely new design approaches are possible. In order to fulfill a certain illumination task the designer can develop any kind of 3D freeform optics or 3D shaped geome-try within the optic design software. This design is sent directly to the additive manufacturing machine and printed out. After a rework of the optical relevant surfaces the optical component can be integrated into an illumination systems. Thereby an additional advantage of 3D printing is the combination of mechanical and optical subcomponents to one part in one printing run. We will present our work on different design approaches and on the design rules for 3D printed light pipes used for specific illumination tasks. Additionally we will discuss the needed rework of the printed light pipes. Besides this we will go into detail on the propagation of light in light pipes build up out of two different printing materials, which enables us to go for a condensed light propagation. Finally we will show the results of a sensor based on light pipes, which allows the measurement of a tilt of a surface.
33
WEDNES DA Y
Printed Optics
34
WEDNES DA Y
Flexographic printing of multimode waveguides and optodic bonding of laser diodes for integrated polymer optical sensor systemsT. Wolfer, Y. Wang, L. Overmeyer, Institut für Transport- und Automatisierungstechnik, Leibniz Universität [email protected]
Flexible polymer films, equipped with multimode waveguides and integrated optical sources allow for numerous applications in the fields of signal transmission, sensing, and structural health monitoring. We present flexographic printing as a manufacturing process for step index waveguides with typical widths of 150-400 µm and circular segment cross sections. Bare silicon laser diodes are subsequently butt coupled and mounted by optodic bonding and operated in pulsed mode for heat management. We describe the optical characteristics of the assembled system and specify the performance as a basis for future utilization.
Combination of Flexographic and Aerosol Jet Printing for Integrated Polymer Optical Step Index WaveguidesG.-A. Hoffmann*, T. Reitberger**, L. Lorenz***, K.-J. Wolter***, J. Franke**, L. Overmeyer* * Institut für Transport- und Automatisierungstechnik, Leibniz Universität Hannover; ** Lehrstuhl für Fertigungsautomatisierung und Produktionssystematik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; *** Institut für Aufbau- und Verbindungstechnik der Elektronik, Technische Universität [email protected]
The printing of polymer optical waveguides is part of the current research in functional printing technology. Optimizing the transmission quality and the resolution are key objectives to establish integrated optical data transmission in the industry.The manufacturing of multimode waveguides presented in this work is accomplished by a combination of two printing processes. Before producing the optical waveguide itself, using Aerosol-Jet-Printing, pre-conditioned areas with either hydrophobic or hydrophilic behaviour are generated on flexible substrates with an adapted flexographic printing mechanism. This two-stage process allows for the fabrication of step index waveguides featuring parabolic cross sections with minimum widths down to 10 µm and aspect ratios of about 0.3. Conditioning the substrate, which itself forms the lower cladding, provides a low surface roughness of the optical core. This paper shows latest results of the optical transmission quality and concepts of coupling between polymer waveguides. Applications unfold in the areas of signal transmission and optical bus systems.
Room A
A1016:45
A1117:00
35
WEDNES DA Y
Printed Optics
36
WEDNES DA Y
Room A
A1217:15 Additive Manufacturing – Design and Fabrication of a Fisheye Lens
A. Suckow, F. M. Shariff, A. Heinrich, Aalen University, Faculty of Optics and Mechatronics, Anton-Huber-Str. 21, 73430 [email protected]
The purpose of this talk is to outline the possibility of producing a complete optical system based on 3D printing. Hereby the complete optical system contains the optical parts and the mechanical parts that will be combined and printed out in one run.
We designed and printed a fisheye lens based on a four lens design. For designing the optical parts the software Zemax was used. The CAD software PCT Creo was applied in order to design the mounting of the system, which should be stackable.
After printing the lenses with the Keyence Agilista 3100W, the individual lenses were polished with a polishing machine using negative polishing heads. The printing process as well as the use of support material, which is needed for the printing of overhanging structures, are affecting the roughness of the surfaces. For the printed surfaces a roughness Ra of about 715 nm was measured. After polishing, the final roughness Ra was reduced to about 38 nm.
We validated our optical lens system using simulated data and experimental resolution measurements of a 1951 USAF resolution test chart.
37
WEDNES DA Y
Printed Optics
38
mittwoch
Pilot study on the durability of optical fibre sensors for monitoring moisture in waste sewerage environmentL. Alwis*, T. Sun**, K. T. V. Grattan**, * Edinburgh Napier University, UK, ** London City University, [email protected]
Corrosion in infrastructure assets of waste water management is an important problem that results in large operational costs for mitigation and capital outlays for repair. In particular, bacteria causing wastage sewer concrete corrosion need a moist environment to grow and the high levels of humidity in sewer environments emphasizes the problem. Also, moisture acts as the dissolving medium for the gaseous hydrogen sulphide that comes in contact with both concrete and bacterial biofilms. The influence of humidity on the rate of corrosion of sewer concrete is over-looked, partly because it is difficult to measure. A main problem is that the corrosive sewer environment destroys the electronic sensors.
City University London and Edinburgh Napier University have evaluated the feasibility of the utilization of optical fibre-based sensors for the purpose of long term monitoring of humidity and temperature in the highly corrosive sewer environment. This work details the feasibility tests conducted, the results obtained and the conclusions that could be reached, together with recommendations for further work, based on the research carried out.
Optical force sensor based on multi-mode fiber and MIMO signal processingA. Ahrens*, A. Sandmann*, K. Bremer**, B. Roth**, S. Lochmann*, *Communications Signal Processing Group, Hochschule Wismar, Wismar, Germany, **Hanover Centre for Optical Technologies (HOT), Leibniz University Hanover, Hanover, [email protected]
Spatial division multiplexing (SDM) is currently investigated in order to overcome the capacity limit of common single-mode fibres. One approach of SDM utilizes individual transversal modes of multi-mode fibers (MMF) for data transmission. However, due to external perturbations such as bending and elongation of the optical fibre along the optical MMF link and fibre imperfections cross-talk occurs between the transversal modes and thus multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) signal processing has to be applied at the output in order to recover each orthogonal signal at the input. In this work MIMO signal processing in combination with a graded-index (GI)-MMF are experimentally explored for force sensing. The experiments are based on a (2×2) MIMO implementation and crosstalk has been introduced by applying a micro-bender (MB) and different forces. By observing the weight-function of the MIMO system, the amount of perturbation i.e. the amount of force applied was determined. In comparison to sensors using steady state or even restricted mode launching conditions our results show that MIMO processing allows wider measurement ranges and achieves higher sensitivities.
Room B
B716:00
B816:15
WEDNES DA Y
39
WEDNES DA Y
Fibre Optical SensorsProf. H. Bartelt, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena
40
WEDNES DA Y
Room B
B916:30
B1016:45
Fibre optic sensor systems for structural health monitoring of concrete structuresK. Bremer*, M. Wollweber*, F. Weigand**, M. Kuhne***, R. Helbig**, B. Roth*, *Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies (HOT), Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, **Sächsisches Textilfor-schungsinstitut e.V. (STFI), Chemnitz, *** Materialforschungs- und -prüfanstalt an der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar (MFPA Weimar), [email protected]
In Germany about 20 % of the publicly owned and more than 40 % of the privately owned sewerage tunnels are damaged. Therefore, it is essential to provide improved structural health monitoring SHM systems to predict such events before they occur and take mitigating action. We developed very simple and reliable fibre optic humidity and crack sensors to monitor the structural health of sewerage tunnels. The humidity sensors were fabricated by coating fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs) with Polyimide and applying a suitable packaging to withstand the harsh environment and are optimised to detect leakages at structure interfaces. The fibre optic crack sensors rely on carbon- or textile-based reinforcement structures with embedded optical fibres that can be incorporated into the building to, for instance, locate cracks along the structures due to excessive loadings. The sensors were characterised under simulated conditions in laboratory environment and subsequently integrated into municipal structures for long-term operation under real conditions. Future applications aim at the SHM of novel carbon- or textile-based concrete structures or bridges under static and dynamic conditions.
Bridge surveillance with fiber optic sensorsI. Roßteutscher, M. KufnerInstitute of Sensor and Actuator Technology, Coburg University of Applied Sciences and [email protected]
As one of the most important transit countries in Europe, Germany is faced with the challenge to increase the capacity and performance of the traffic infrastructure.Bridges are crucial in this context. Due to their high average age, highly expensive bridge monitoring with short maintenance intervals is necessary to guarantee the traffic safety.An intelligent system for monitoring the status of bridges in real time is currently under development. In order to determine the most suited sensor system for this application, three different types of sensor systems are under investigation: The first consists fiber-optic sensors based on Fiber Bragg Gratings. This system can measure strain, acceleration as well as temperature. The second is also a fiber-optic system based on Rayleigh backscattering. It is a distributed system, which allows to measure strain and temperature all along the fiber.Finally, electrical measurements are taken from strain gauges, accelerometers and resistance thermometers as a reference to the optical sensor systems.The sensor data are merged and processed in a suitably programmed neural network in order to provide information about the status of the bridge in real time. The approach offers significant potential for savings, because the surveillance, maintenance and planning of bridges becomes more efficient compared to convenient methods..
41
WEDNES DA Y
Fibre Optical Sensors
42
WEDNES DA Y
Novel Optical Fiber CouplersH. Sayinc, T. Theeg, G. Pelegrina-Bonilla, K. Hausmann, S. S. Yilmaz, C. Ottenhues, M. Wysmolek, J. Neumann, D. Kracht, Laser Zentrum Hannover [email protected]
Fiber integrated laser systems are attracting increasing interest. They are indispensable in a diversity of applications from macroscopic industrial material processing to scientific applications like gravitational wave detection and astronomical spectrometer calibration. The advancement of fiber lasers is coupled to the progress in the development of fiber inte-grated components, especially optical couplers which are capable of multiplexing different wavelengths and transversal modes. Novel optical couplers are enabling new laser architectures which can tackle the needs of demanding applications. We used numerical methods to study light coupling between non identical fibers. Our investigations enabled us to develop novel couplers which represent a significant improvement beyond the state of the art. A first coupler type is consisting of two strongly fused single- or few mode fibers. It targets applications, in which different wavelengths have to be multiplexed or a conversion from a LP01 transversal mode to a higher order mode is desired. A second coupler type consists of weakly fused multimode fibers. Such couplers are widely used in monolithic high power fiber lasers.
Utilizing 3D printing for the packaging of fiber optic sensorsK. Wiegmann*, K. Bremer*, B. Roth*, *Hanover Centre for Optical Technologies (HOT), Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, [email protected]
Fiber optic sensors have the advantage of e.g. being small in size, resistant to corrosion, electrically passive and easy to multiplex. Consequently, in the past fiber sensors have been used successfully for the structural health monitoring (SHM) of bridges, sewerage tunnels or dams, for instance. However, when applied in SHM the development of an appropriate packaging for the sensors is required in order to reliably monitor the parameters of interest as well as to withstand the harsh conditions of the environment. Since 3D printers allow the fabrication of tailored mechanical structures they also lend themselves for the development of low-cost and customized packaging for optic sensor systems. In this work, the packaging of fiber optic strain sensors is investigated by using a conventional 3D printer Makerbot Replicator 2X. A customized packaging with an embedded Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) was realized and the resulting optical and mechanical properties were characterized. The results verify that depending on the design, filament as well as bonding agent applied a packaging for a fiber optic strain sensor can be developed which meets the requirements for future SHM applications.
Room B
B1117:00
B1217:15
43
WEDNES DA Y
Fibre Optical Sensors
44
WEDNES DA Y
Active Vehicle Frontlighting Systems based on Innovative LED and Laser HeadlampsB. Willeke*, M. Kleinkes*, C. Schmidt*, J. Wallaschek**, * Hella KGaA, Hueck&Co., Lippstadt; ** Hannoversches Zentrum für Optische Technologien / Institut für Dynamik und Schwingungen, Leibniz Universität [email protected]
The history of vehicle frontlighting has seen a number of major innovations, like the introduction of electric lighting in 1913, of the Bilux light bulb in 1924, of the Xenon light source in 1991 and LEDs and Laser light sources in headlamps during the past years. All of these innovations were driven by the availability of new optical technologies. In combination with sensor based intelligence they paved the way for a new class of mechatronic systems: Active Vehicle Frontlighting.
This paper gives a survey of the development of intelligent autonomous vehicle frontlighting systems during the past two decades, starting with the Bi-Xenon system, first introduced to the market in 1999. It covers the historic development of lighting functions, the overall system architectures, presently available sensor and actuator technologies, and a detailed analysis of the optical concepts involved. LED Headlamp systems and concept ideas for Laser headlamps will be discussed in detail.
DMD Based Automotive Lighting UnitA. Wolf, G. Kloppenburg, R. Danov, R. Lachmayer, Institut für Produktentwicklung und Geräte-bau, Leibniz Universität [email protected]
Today‘s upper class vehicles are often equipped with matrix beam front lighting systems to generate adaptive light distributions. A next step in this development is the use of DMD modules as beam shaping technology. This increases not only the number of individually controlled pixels, but also reduces the system’s complexity by far.The advantage of DMD-based light modules is that they do not require mechanical actuators and thus have no macroscopically moving parts. The light is directed by many micro-mirrors onto the desired areas on the road. The luminous intensity of an automotive light distribution shows high gradients. This required the generation of many dimmed pixels, which are realized by absorbing a large amount of the light so that the system efficiency is lowered significantly. Thus a high luminous flux of the light source is necessary to achieve an automotive light distribution.In this paper we discuss strategies to overcome that disadvantages and to increase the system efficiency of a pixel headlamp. We present a prototype of our concept, consisting of a high- performance DMD projection unit, a specifically developed optical system as well as an adaption algorithm.
Room C
C716:00
C816:15
45
WEDNES DA Y
Automotive LightingD. Boebel, Automotive Lighting Reutlingen GmbH
46
Room C
C916:30
C1016:45
WEDNES DA Y
Design and Simulation of Computer-generated Volume Holograms for Automotive HeadlampsD. Karthaus*, O. Sandfuchs**, S. Sinzinger***, * L-LAB – Research institute for automotive lighting and mechatronics, Lippstadt; ** Hamm-Lippstadt University of Applied Science; *** Ilmenau University of [email protected]
A new field of application for holograms might be the use as light shaping element in illumination systems of automotive headlamps. This new application is accompanied by new requirements with respect to the design and simulation of holograms. For instance, characteristics of typically used light sources in automotive headlamps, e.g. LED or HID, have to be considered as well as parameters of the exposure process. An important aspect is also the computational effort defined by required memory and calculation time. This leads to the need for algorithms as simplified as possible but as accurate as necessary to simulate diffraction in a realistic and reliable way on the one hand, and to pattern elements of great size (in the range of several centimeters) on the other hand. Finally all considerations and approaches are based on the need for complying regulations of the automotive sector. In this contribution criteria that have to be implemented by the algorithms are defined. The simulation quality is examined by comparing computational and experimental results of holographic reconstructions. In addition, future issues with regard to necessary improvements are touched.
Diffractive Optics in Automotive Headlamps – New Design Concepts Including a Special Simulation Process M. Schöne*, O. Sandfuchs**, C. Neumann***, *L-LAB - Research institute for automotive lighting and mechatronics, Lippstadt; **Hamm-Lippstadt University of Applied Sciences, Lippstadt; ***Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, [email protected]
The properties of diffractive optical elements can be used for new functions and optical concepts that cannot be realized by using refractive optics solely. In case of headlamp systems, these functions could be the chromatic and the thermal correction of refractive lenses and the design of a cut-off-free low beam system.For these two application examples, a simulation has been realized that integrates wave optics in ray-tracing-methods. The presented measurements of diffractive lenses and diffractive gratings show the accuracy of the chosen simplifications. The calculated beam deflection is divided into the waves propagation direction and the diffraction order of the corresponding ray.Based on this simulation principle, a new design concept is presented. This concept combines chromatic and thermal corrections in one lens using two different materials and is extended by an optimization of the Abbe number. The currently chosen wavelengths for the calculation of the Abbe number are optimized for black-body-spectra which are not used in headlamps any more. Therefore the three associated wavelengths are recalculated and optimized for a given spectrum in general.
47
Automotive Lighting
WEDNES DA Y
48
Room C
C1117:00
C1217:15
Designing a Secondary Optical Freeform Lens for Signal LightingM. E. H. Mohamed*, A. Alinoori*, D.Hilbig*, F. Fleischmann*, T. Henning*, W. Lang**, * Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Applied Sciences Bremen; ** Institu-te for microsensors, -actuators and -systems, University of [email protected]
The advantages of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) make them considered in many applications. Luminous intensity distribution of LEDs must be redistributed to meet the requirements of each specific application. Contrary to ordinary illumination applications, for signal lights the intensity distribution is specified to meet requirements regarding the brightness perception of users, not the illumination of an object. Freeform optical systems playing an important role in the field of illumination engineering for redistributing the Luminous intensity of LEDs. In this talk we present a part of results of eboLED project (Funded by the BMBF), using a new method of designing a secondary optical freeform lens dealing with the adaption of physical output properties to the requirements of signal lighting luminous intensity distribution. As an application, a freeform lens is designed for achieving a uniform luminous intensity distribution. After designing the freeform lens, the optical performance of the freeform lens is investigated by using a numerical simulation of optical ray tracing. In addition, tolerance analysis are presented.
Modeling and optimization of freeform lenses for LED street lightingA. Leis, Nordeon [email protected]
Freeform surfaces are widely used in optical design for LED street lighting. A proper non-symmetrical light distribution on the road can be obtained with LEDs and freeform lenses. There are some mathematical methods to model freeform surfaces: e.g. Bezier-splines, B-splines or NURBS. In this case, freeform surface will be determined by a limited number of control points. Several dozens of control points can be required for each surface. This means a large parameter space for optimization. In order to perform lens optimization efficiently, a good start system has to be defined. It can be done by using some analytical methods, which based on calculated solutions under simplified conditions (e.g. point source, lambert light distribution). Once the start system is determined, lens optimization for non-ideal optical system (measured LED ray-dataset, additional glass cover and so on) can be started.In this work, some practical examples for modeling and optimization of freeform lenses for street lighting will be demonstrated and discussed. Simulated results will be compared with measured data.
WEDNES DA Y
49
Automotive Lighting
WEDNES DA Y
50
Room A
H308:30
H409:00
Planar-integrated polymer-optical sensor foilsLudger Overmeyer, Institute of Transport and Automation Technologies, Leibniz Universität Hannover, An der Universität 2, 30823 [email protected]
The vision of our research is to provide sensor technology on a large-scale, just 100 µm thick, flexible polymer foil manufactured on an industrial scale. Sensors indicate changes in parameters such as temperature and strain in properties of light. Applications range from aviation and structural health monitoring to molecular analytics in the life sciences. The list of possible sensors that are currently investigated contains temperature detection with fiber-Bragg gratings, strain detection with chromatic and intensity based sensors, as well as molecular detection with whispering-gallery-mode resonators, Mach-Zehnder interferometers, and tailored polymer arrayed waveguide gratings.
Optical waveguides represent a key component of planar optronic systems. The flexographic printing process generates optically conductive, multimodal structures with a minimum lateral width of 20 µm and parabolic cross sections. In addition, the production of waveguides via hot embossing, laser direct writing and polymerization techniques such as MPP and 2PP are also research fields within the Collaborative Research Center “Transregio 123 – Planar Optronic Systems” (PlanOS).
Optical length metrology with extreme precision using fully controlled fiber-based frequency combsKaoru Minoshima, The University of Electro- Communications (UEC), 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585 [email protected]
Optical frequency comb can be used as a tool for high-precision and versatile control of properties of light wave as an “optical synthesizer”. It provides powerful tools not only in frequency metrology as “ultraprecise frequency ruler” but also in broad area since light wave can be used to its full extent with an extremely wide dynamic range. In this paper, ultrahigh-precision length metrology using fiber-based optical frequency combs are presented. By precisely controlling the frequency and phase of the combs, two-color interferometry for self-correction of air refractive index with ultra-high accuracy exceeding the empirical equation is demonstrated.
THURSDAY
51
Plenary SessionPolymer Optics and Photonics and Laser Metrology
Prof. S. Sinzinger, Techn. University Ilmenau
THURSDAY
52
Democratization of Next-Generation Microscopy, Sensing and Diagnostics Tools through Computational PhotonicsAydogan Ozcan, Electrical Engineering Department, Bioengineering Department, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, [email protected]
My research focuses on the use of computation/algorithms to create new optical microscopy, sensing, and diagnostic techniques, significantly improving existing tools for probing micro- and nano-objects while also simplifying the designs of these analysis tools. In this presentation, I will introduce a new set of computational microscopes which use lens-free on-chip imaging to replace traditional lenses with holographic reconstruction algorithms. Basically, 3D images of specimens are reconstructed from their “shadows” providing considerably improved field-of-view (FOV) and depth-of-field, thus enabling large sample volumes to be rapidly imaged, even at nanoscale. These new computational microscopes routinely generate >1–2 billion pixels (giga-pixels), where even single viruses can be detected with a FOV that is >100 fold wider than other techniques. The field-of-view of these computational microscopes is equal to the active-area of the sensor-array, easily reaching, for example, >20 mm2 or >10 cm2 by employing state-of-the-art CMOS or CCD imaging chips, respectively. In addition to this remarkable increase in throughput, another major benefit of this technology is that it lends itself to field-portable and cost-effective designs which easily integrate with smartphones to conduct giga-pixel tele-pathology and microscopy even in resource-poor and remote-settings.
Photons, Plasmons and Electrons meet in 2d materialsFrank Koppens, ICFO, The Institute of Photonic Sciences (Barcelona)[email protected]
The optoelectronic response of two-dimensional (2D) crystals, such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), is currently subject to intensive investigations. Owing to its gapless character, extraordinary nano-photonic properties and ultrafast carrier dynamics, graphene is a promising material for nano-optoelectronics and high-speed photodetectors, whereas TMDs have emerged as potential candidates for sensitive photodetection thanks to their enhanced photon absorption. Vertically assembling these crystals in so-called van der Waals heterostructures allows the creation of novel and versatile optoelectronic devices that combine the complementary properties of their constituent materials. Here we present a various new device capabilities, varying from nano-photonic devices to ultra-fast and broadband electrical detectors. We applied femtosecond time-resolved photocurrent measurements on 2d material heterostructures, which probes the transit of photoexcited charges across the photoactive TMD layer – and thus current generation – directly in the time domain. In addition, we apply for the first time infrared photocurrent nanoscopy to high-quality graphene devices. We image the plasmon-voltage conversion in real space, where a single graphene sheet serves simultaneously as the plasmonic medium and detector.
10:30 Poster / Coffee Break
Room A
S409:30
S510:00
THURSDAY
53
Plenary SessionICO Award (Ernst Abbe Lecture) and IUPAP Award
Prof. A. Guzman, ICO General Secretary Prof. Y. Arakawa, University of Tokyo, ICO President
Dr. F. Höller, Carl Zeiss AG, DGaO President, ICO Vice President THURSDAY
54
Microscope Projection Photolithography for functional optical and plasmonic componentsU. Zywietz, T. Birr, T. Fischer, C. Reinhardt, Laser Zentrum [email protected]
We present a fast and fexible technique for the controlled generation of 2D micro- and nanostructures. This technique is based on optical projection photolithography using commercially available microscope components. A Chromium photomask is placed within the image plane of the microscope and illuminated by a short wavelength LED at 365 nm. In combination with a high NA (1.4) immersion oil objective high resolution structuring is achieved. Minimum feature sizes of 150 nm have been realized and are demonstrated within this paper. Furthermore optical and plasmonic components are generated and were investigated in respect to their funcionality.
Maskless lithography and its applications in holography, diffractive optics and integrated photonicsM. Rahlves, S. Schlangen, M. Ihme, B. Roth, Hannover Centre of Optical Technology, Leibniz Universität [email protected]
Modern trends in optics and photonics are heading towards smaller feature sizes and complex structures of optical elements to be fabricated by lithographic processes. The rapid development of consumer optics and also research applications are, in addition, leading to an urge for flexible and fast processes to generate micro-patterns with optical functionality. In this talk, we present a maskless lithography setup based on a simple microscope setup and a digital-mirror-device (DMD) projection system to generate arbitrary microstructures in photosensitive resist or optical materials such as hybrid polymers directly. The former material class requires a soft stamp hot embossing process to create transparent optical structures and is especially suited for diffractive optics and holographic structures. However, the latter material class offers the possibility to instantaneously fabricate fully polymer based integrated photonic devices and components such as optical waveguides. We present our latest results utilizing both materials classes with an emphasis on polymer optics including diffractive optical elements and directly patterned optical waveguides and sensing structures.
Room A
A1310:45
A1411:00
THURSDAY
55
Polymer Optics ManufacturingProf. A. Heinrich, HS Aalen
THURSDAY
56
Room A
A1511:15
A1611:30
Optical Coupling Structures for Integrated Polymer PhotonicsA. Günther*, M. Rahlves*, E. Reithmeier**, B. Roth*, * Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies, Leibniz Universität Hannover, ** Institute of Measurement and Automatic Control, Leibniz Universität [email protected]
Integrated polymer photonics is highly relevant to various fields in optical technologies ranging from optical communication to integrated sensor networks. One of the key components of such networks are low-loss coupling structures. We present first results on the fabrication of fully polymer based coupling structures in thin polymer foils which are optimized by means of optical simulations. Depending on the optical elements to be connected, we utilize various coupling concepts based on micro-mirrors, gratings and a novel type of coupling structures relying on self-written waveguides (SWW). The latter provide low-loss connections between two optical waveguides or between waveguides and laser diodes. For their fabrication, we used UV curable monomer between the two optical components to be connected. Launching UV light through the fiber or the waveguide leads to local polymerization of the monomer at the end facet, which also increases the refractive index locally and acts as a seed point for the SWW. In the talk we discuss the results of the optical characterization as well as different application scenarios for the fabricated optical couplers.
Precision laser direct writing of polymer optical waveguides and optofluidic systemsH. Hartwig, E. Sergeeva, N. Thomas, D. Hohlfeld, Institute for Electronic Appliances and Circuits, University of [email protected]
We present a flexible fabrication setup for precision Iaser direct writing of µm-sized polymer structures. As a demonstration, multimodal waveguides on printed circuit boards were fabricated. These waveguides play a key role in short-distance communications and medical diagnostics. Laser direct writing is superior to mask based exposure techniques, as it yields smooth sidewalls and offers the flexibility to locally vary the exposure area. Our setup uses standard components and can be extended easily by further degrees of freedom and process feedback.A lower cladding and core layer (EpoClad, SU-8) are fabricated by spin coating at a thickness of 50 µm. Focused UV light (375 nm) exposes the photosensitive core material. A Gaussian intensity profile with a beam waist of 33 µm (M² = 1.08) has been confirmed by beam profiling. A motorized high-precision XY translation stage provides constant velocity motion. Optionally, we perform a second mask-based exposure. The development is followed by a post exposure and a final hard bake. An optical cladding layer is processed as well. We integrate these waveguides with polymer microfluidic systems for biofluid characterization.
THURSDAY
57
Polymer Optics Manufacturing
THURSDAY
58
THURSDAY
Room A
A1711:45
A1812:00
Femtosecond laser written low-loss single-mode waveguides in PMMAW. M. Pätzold*, C. Reinhardt**, A. Demircan*, U. Morgner*, * Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover; ** Laserzentrum Hannover [email protected]
Refraction index modification in transparent materials via non-linear absorption of femtosecond laser radiation has proven a powerful tool in three-dimensional waveguide writing. We present results on femtosecond laser written waveguides in bulk poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). A refocusing effect which occurs at adequate writing parameters – especially the repetition rate plays a crucial role - can be exploited to achieve an increase in refractive index directly below the material modification of the second focus. This zone supports guiding of an almost symmetric fundamental mode at test wavelengths of 520 nm, 660 nm and 850 nm. The process proves to be highly reliable and reproducible. The propagation losses of the waveguides are determined to be in the order of 0.5 dB/cm – the lowest attenuation reported so far for femtosecond laser written waveguides in bulk PMMA. These low losses make them a good candidate for applications on a larger scale like polymer foils with integrated sensor devices.
Transparent composite coatings with adapted mechanical stress prepared by ion beam sputteringM. Gauch, H. Ehlers, D. Ristau, Laser Zentrum Hannover [email protected]
Oxide materials are often employed for protective and optical coatings, because of their high transparency and their mechanical and chemical stability. However, thin and flexible PMMA foils as carrier substrates with different functions need adapted coating materials with properties beyond the quality of oxide coatings. Especially, high coating stress leads to deformation of the polymer foils and to coating failure due to flaking, folding and cracking. Contrary, organic layers reveal high flexibility and low stress, but the mechanical stability has to be improved. Therefore, a coating material which combines the stability of oxides with the flexibility of the polymers is needed. Ion beam sputtering (IBS) is known as a well suited coating process for the deposition of high quality oxide coatings on temperature sensitive substrates like polymers. Also, IBS can be applied for the production of nearly stress free organic layers for example sputtered from a PTFE target. This study is dedicated to the optical and mechanical properties of composite materials, consisting of sputtered PTFE and oxides for coating of polymer foils.
59
THURSDAY
Polymer Optics Manufacturing
60
THURSDAY
Room B
B1310:45
B1411:00
Topography inspection by aperture coding confocal sensorsJ. Pribošek*, J. Diaci*, S.Sinzinger**, *University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering;**Technische Universität Ilmenau, Fachgebiet Technische Optik;[email protected]
This paper presents a novel family of confocal sensors targeting at topography inspection. In conventional confocal microscopes, displacement is measured by estimating a peak intensity during an optical sectioning. We show that by coding the aperture of the confocal sensor angularly it is possible to simultaneously supplement the distance information with the surface gradient. The angular aperture coding can be performed by exploiting variety of degrees of freedom, among them spectral or polarization encoding. By exploiting an additional tilt information, the proposed sensors are able to lower the lateral resolution requirements, while offering better surface reconstruction abilities. The proposed approach represents a novel family of aperture coding confocal sensors with a wide variety of different targeting applications.
The impact of different measurement data filters on the characterization of porous surfacesN. Loftfield, M. Kästner, E. Reithmeier, Institute of Measurement and Automatic Control, Leibniz Universität [email protected]
The surfaces of components can hold many different functional characteristics; those are strongly influenced by the surface texture, especially by the microstructure. That is to say, specifically functional micro structuring can minimize e.g. friction and wear and, therefore, can increase the endurance of components. In order to meet such functionality requests and thus the design of certain surface microstructures, an exact knowledge of the surface topography is required. In this study, the microstructures of thermally sprayed porous aluminium oxide surfaces are analyzed. To actually analyze the microstructure, the obtained surface measurement data, here acquired by a confocal laser scanning microscope, needs to be factorized by size. To do so, different surface filter techniques are applied. In this study the commonly used Total- Least-Square method and the Gaussian filter are compared to the wavelet transformation to separate the microstructure from form and waviness. The impact on the characterization of the porosity of the different filtering techniques is investigated.
61
THURSDAY
Thin Films and Surface CharacterizationR. Kafka, Trioptics Berlin GmbH
62
THURSDAY
Room B
B1511:15
B1611:30
Optimized Parametric Optical Surface Characterization Process for Smooth Engineered SurfacesS. Patzelt*, M. Quinten**, C. Stehno***, A. Tausendfreund*, F. Houta**, T. Eilts***, G. Ströbel*, * Bremer Institut für Messtechnik, Automatisierung und Qualitätswissenschaft (BIMAQ), Univer-sität Bremen; ** Fries Research and Technology GmbH (FRT), Bergisch Gladbach; *** CoSynth GmbH & Co. KG, [email protected]
Parametric optical scattered light measuring techniques enable surface roughness characterizations in running production processes (in-process). The resulting speckle distributions show roughness dependent intensity modulations. Digital processing and evaluation of the speckle patterns quantifies an optical roughness parameter, which correlates with the rms- roughness of the surface. Current investigations concern the optimization of the measurement data acquisition with respect to individual micro topography properties and of the image processing. Measuring process simulations based on the Kirchhoff theory are carried out for measured data sets of large surface areas and for corresponding model topographies. The calculated digital speckle pattern images are evaluated with correlation methods by the use of Fast Fourier Transforms. The analysis of the results enables to optimize the selection of the measurement equipment (e.g., laser, optics and camera). Furthermore, the image processing and evaluation algorithms are prepared for the transfer to a high performance parallel computing hardware (FPGA). The contribution illustrates the optimization process and presents first results.
Optical Thickness Determination on Structured SamplesM. Quinten, Dr. Michael Quinten - Wissenschaftlich technische Software, [email protected]
Transparent films of several micrometers thickness are almost everywhere present in technical applications. In some applications a further treatment of the films, e.g. in lithography, leads to structured surfaces where the original layer is reduced on smaller areas. Then, the optical thickness determination of the film is rendered more difficult, because the reflection of the layer is superposed or mixed with the reflection of the substrate.In these cases a microscope can be used when measuring the film reflectance. Here, we present a numerical study on the thickness determination without microscope. We will demonstrate that it is possible to determine the film thickness exactly from the superposed signal when the portion x as percentage of the film area to the total area of the detection spot becomes larger than a threshold value.For that purpose we studied films of SiO2, Si3N4 and of a photoresist material on substrates of Si or GaAs and varied the film thickness. For thickness evaluation the Fast Fourier Transform was applied. To get results that are comparable to measured values the computed reflectance spectra were artifically made noisy.
63
THURSDAY
Thin Films and Surface Characterization
64
THURSDAY
Room B
B1711:45
B1811:30
Space-variant polarization conversion with hollow waveguide arraysS. Helfert*, T. Seiler*, J, Jahns,* J. Becker**,****, P. Jakobs**, A. Bacher**, * FernUniversität in Hagen, Lehrgebiet Mikro- und Nanophotonik, ** Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, *** Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für [email protected]
We demonstrate the realization of a polarization converter by using an array of rectangular openings in a metallic film. These openings act as array of hollow waveguides. By suitable orientation of the individual openings, a spatially variant polarization conversion can be achieved. As it is known from microwave theory, hollow waveguides have sub-wavelength dimensions in the transverse direction. Thus, for optical wavelengths, the openings have nanometer dimensions. The thickness of the metallic layer (in other words: the propagation length) in our case is several wavelengths. To fabricate the elements and to meet the structural requirements, direct-writing electron beam lithography was used, followed by electroplating with gold. Here, we show results from polarization experiments and compare them with predictions from numerical simulations, where a very good agreement was found.
The challenging development of lightweight glass mirrors for future X-ray telescopesT. Döhring*, M. Stollenwerk*, L. Proserpio**, E. Breunig**, P. Friedrich**, * Aschaffenburg University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Aschaffenburg, Germany, ** Max-Planck-Institute for extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, [email protected]
Due to requests from the scientific community, future X-ray telescopes need large effective areas (i.e. large mirror diameters) and good angular resolution (i.e. stiff structures to guarantee the correct mirror shape). Thereby also the mass limit of the launcher becomes an important factor to be considered. Previously used mirror technologies are not able to fulfill these challenging requirements. Consequently new technical approaches for an X-ray mirror production are under development. A promising technology is the hot slumping of thin glasses. The Max-Planck-Institute for extraterrestrial Physics (MPE) and the Aschaffenburg University of Applied Sciences started a cooperation to develop it at a suitable level for mass production of thin X-ray mirrors, addressing the challenging technical developments that the high precision mirror manufacturing requires. Design trades and first results are presented within this paper, including the thermal shaping process, the development of low stress iridium coatings and the mirror segments integration concept.
65
THURSDAY
Thin Films and Surface Characterization
66
THURSDAY
Room C
C1310:45
C1411:00
The Look of Optical Elements in Realistic EnvironmentB. Dörband, Fakultät Optik und Mechatronik, Hochschule [email protected]
For technical applications the look of optical elements is of no relevance. However, for elements like eye glasses or artwork their appearance plays a major role. Before the production of a prototype, a full simulation including material, surface qualities, extinctions, textures and coatings placed in different realistic environments gives a first guess and enables modifications. A non-sequential raytracer has been developed in Matlab® which uses 360°/180° panorama or “surrounding-box” photography to provide environments close to reality. Optical elements consisting of plane, spherical or aspherical surfaces made from any material, coated with single or multilayer coatings and textured with amplitude or phase patterns of any kind can be designed and observed. Multiple total reflections in transparent glass elements or inner multiple reflections in hollow objects like hemispheres or cylinders can be studied in static positions or while moving through space.
Zoomobjectives for Microscope with short Overall-LengthR. Shi, Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH, Koenigsallee 9-21, D-37081 [email protected]
A most common way for changing magnifications in microscopes is to change objectives by rotating nosepiece or to change tube lenses with different focal lengths, by which vibrations perpendicular to the optical axis could appear, or illuminance on image plane could vary abruptly or the found region of interest on specimen could go lost. Another way is adopting a zoom unit in tube systems, and this increases the microscope’s complexity, size and costs as consequence. As an alternative approach we realized a few designs for zoom objective with an overall length around 60mm. All embodiments have two shifting lens groups. Magnifications range from 5x to 20x or from 10x to 40x, and could be changed continuously. At any magnification objectives are corrected to a “diffraction limited” state, i.e. Strehl ratios remain greater than 81%. All designs do not require explicit aperture stops. Ray bundles are only limited by clear diameters of lenses in dependence of magnification. So the numerical aperture changes with the magnification correspondingly. Without using the aperture stop is a significant simplification, that helps reducing manufacturing costs.
67
THURSDAY
Optical System DesignE. Langenbach, Fisba, St. Gallen
68
THURSDAY
Room C
C1511:15
C1611:30
Simulation and measurement of thermo-optical effects in an f-theta lens at high laser powerT. Bonhoff*, C. Gayer**, J. Stollenwerk*,**, P. Loosen*,**, *Chair for Technology of Optical Systems, RWTH Aachen University; **Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology, [email protected]
Multi-kilowatt lasers with high brilliance are gaining importance in laser material processing. But their use is accompanied by strong thermal loads on the optical elements for laser beam guiding and shaping. Absorption of laser energy in the bulk material and the coating causes local heating which induces an inhomogeneous refractive index profile and surface deformations. Commercially available optic design software such as Zemax OpticStudio cannot model such thermal effects. Thus, an interface between a Finite Element Analysis in Ansys and Ray-Tracing is used and has recently been extended to model surface deformations. It transforms the discrete temperature and deformation data into consciously functions which can be interpreted by OpticStudio. In this paper, the thermal effects of a multi-kilowatt f-theta lens are discussed and the simulation is compared to experimental focus shift measurements for the first time. Furthermore, strategies for compensating thermal effects are presented.
Creating of autostereoscopic displays with random lenticulars by hyperview approachA. Grasnick, Fernuniversität Hagen, Mikro- und [email protected]
An autostereoscopic display is defined by a certain design of an optical element. This optical element (usually a lenticular or parallax barrier) is calculated and designed according to certain display parameters, a fixed viewing distance and a firm number of perspective views. The conventional development strategy determines the creation of a customized lenticular sheet according to the 3D parameters. This requires the engraving of an embossing tool by diamond machining and results in high nonrecurring costs.In addition, the 3D display is settled to the specified viewing parameters.
The hyperview approach allows to dissolve this inflexible symbiosis of predefined hardware and desired 3D viewing position by adaption of the screen image according to any randomly selected lenticular.
Also it will be shown that even an unsuitable and maladjusted lenticular can be used as 3D optic for a flat panel display for different viewing distances by adjusting the hyperview parameters.
69
THURSDAY
Optical System Design
70
THURSDAY
Room C
C1711:45
C18 12:00
Light concentration efficiency of diffractive lenses with overlapping aperturesT. Stenau, K.-H. Brenner, Chair of Optoelectronics, Institute of Computer Engineering (ZITI), Heidelberg [email protected]
Diffractive lenses with overlapping apertures enable a dense spot-wise illumination with high aperture foci, which is not achievable with traditional refractive lens arrays. However, the increased density of illumination spots requires a spatial overlap of the focussing wavelets in the plane of creation. This spatial overlap is feasible due to the nature of diffractive optics.In this contribution the effects of the overlap onto the light concentration efficiency are presented and compared to ideal focussing wave fronts. This is done for the ideal analytic as well as for the quantized and binarized DOE, arising from fabrication requirements.
12:15 Excursion / Networking Event
Solarisation of optical glasses with pulsed laser radiationR. Jedamzik, SCHOTT [email protected]
Femtosecond laser are growing tools for material processing and lithography. Femtosecond laser help to generate three dimensional structures in photoresists without using masks in micro lithography. This technology is of growing importance for the field of backend lithography or advanced packaging. Optical glasses used for beam shaping and inspection tools need to withstand high laser pulse energies.Femtosecond laser radiation in the near UV wavelength range generates solarization effects in optical glasses. In this presentation results are shown of femtosecond laser solarization experiments on i-Line glasses and other high refractive index glasses from SCHOTT in the near UV for the first time. All experiments have been carried out by the Laser Center Hannover.
71
THURSDAY
Optical System Design
72
FRIDAY
Room A
H508:30
H609:00
A1910:00
The Science and Applications of high Q optical microresonators in frequency metrology and quantum optomechanicsTobias Kippenberg, [email protected]
Ultra high Q optical micro-resonators confine light in microscale volumes for extended amount of time. Over the past decade it has been recognized that they are inherent optomechanical systems, coupling optical modes to mechanical vibrations via radiation pressure. This allowed to explore radiation pressure effects – long subject of theoretical considerations in the field of gravity wave detectors - enabling quantum control and precision measurements of micro- and nanomechanical oscillators. On an applied side, microresonators also have significant potential for unprecedentedly compact chipscale frequency comb sources. The inherent Kerr nonlinearity in a micro-resonator enables to convert a continuous wave laser into a broadband and coherent frequency comb, using soliton formation Physics. This allows to create compact, microwave repetition rate chip-scale frequency combs that can be used in coherent telecommunication, low noise microwave synthesis, spectroscopy and absolute frequency synthesis and can make precision measurements of frequency ubiquitous.
Solutions to unmet medical needs: advances in BiophotonicsJürgen Popp, Leibniz Institute of Technology, Jena, [email protected]
To better understand, treat or even cure diseases, an urging demand for new clinical methods providing a differential diagnosis and allow for accurate and early treatment exits. In the past few years, biophotonics has witnessed the development of methods and technologies that are potentially in a position to meet these aforementioned challenges. In this regard, spectroscopic methods like fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy are particularly noteworthy. Here, we will summarize our latest achievements towards the development and application of photonic in particular spectroscopic approaches according to unmet medical needs of pathology, oncology, and infection/sepsis. Acknowledgements: Financial support of the EU, the ”Thüringer Kultusministerium”, the ”Thüringer Aufbaubank”, the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany (BMBF), the German Science Foundation, the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie and the Carl-Zeiss Foundation are greatly acknowledged.
09:30 Poster / Coffee
Organic Light Sources for Polymeric Singlemode and Multimode WaveguidesM. Čehovski*, S. Döring*, T. Rabe*, W. Kowalsky*, Institut für Hochfrequenztechnik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, [email protected]
Thin film devices like organic light emitting diode (OLED) and organic photovoltaic or organic photodiode (OPV or OPD) are more and more commercially used. Moreover, new fields of applications are signal sources and sinks in integrated flexible polymeric waveguide and sensor systems. Additionally, coherent light sources, such as organic thin film laser (OL), become more and more important in the field of sensor technology. Therefore, special optical requirements are placed on the integration of these elements into such systems. In this paper we want to discuss the fundamental integration concepts of coherent and non-coherent signal sources into polymeric multimode and singlemode waveguides. By varying the layer thickness d of each functional OLED layer forming a micro cavity, light coupling efficiencies ηc of up to 50% could be measured. We also demonstrate the OL integration via distributed feedback Bragg gratings and via Fabry-Perot resonator concepts leading to laser thresholds of about ≈ 10 µJ/cm². These results outline the OLED and OL integration into polymeric waveguides and emphasize the necessity of further investigations into resonator design and degradation effects.
73
FRIDAY
Plenary SessionIntegrated Optics and Biophotonics
Prof. Y. Arakawa, University of Tokyo, ICO President
Integrated OpticsProf. J. Jahns, FernUniversität Hagen
74
FRIDAY
Room A
A2010:15
A2110:30
Ultrafast Surface Plasmon-Polariton Logic Gates And Half-Adder T. Birr, U. Zywietz, P. Chhantyal, T. Fischer, B. Chichkov and C. Reinhardt, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hollerithallee 8, 30419, Hannover, [email protected]
We present studies on ultrafast interactions of multiple coherently excited surface plasmon-polaritons (SPPs) in waveguiding systems and on plane metal films. SPPs are excited by local scattering of laser light on surface nanostructures consisting of polymeric or metallic ridges. SPP interaction and scattering effects are investigated by temporally resolved leakage radiation microscopy. We further demonstrate ultrafast interactions of coherently excited SPPs and light beams in complex dielectric waveguides [3]. Coherent control of SPP and light interactions further allow for the construction of ultrafast low-power SPP switches and all-optical gate structures. These structures were investigated experimentally regarding their efficiency depending on their geometrical properties. The measurement results have been compared with FDTD simulations of the same structures and were used to design novel plasmonic half adders which functionality has been demonstrated experimentally.
References:
1) C. Reinhardt et al., Optics Letters 31, pp. 1307-1309, 20062) C. Reinhardt et al., Applied Physics A 89, pp. 321-325, 20073) T. Birr et al., Optics Express 23, 31755 2015.
Polymer based arrayed waveguide grating spectrometerR. Orghici*, K. Bethmann**, U. Zywietz***, C. Reinhardt***, W. Schade*, **, *Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Energy Research and Physical Technologies (IEPT) and Energy Research Center of Lower Saxony (EFZN), Am Stollen 19B, 38640 Goslar, Germany;, **Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Fiber Optical Sensor Systems, Am Stollen 19B, 38640 Goslar, Germany;***Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V. (LZH), Hollerithallee 8, 30419 Hannover, [email protected]
An optical spectrometer is one of the key components of an optical measuring system. The aim of the Collaborative Research Centre “PlanOS” funded by the German Research foundation (DFG) is to realize a planar polymer foil with integrated devices for optical sensing of different physical parameters like strain, temperature, etc. In this work, a wavelength dispersive planar optical element based on arrayed waveguides is analyzed with respect to its suitability as polymer film spectrometer. The concept and fabrication of this optical device will be shown. Simulation and first experimental results showing the spectral filter curve of the designed polymeric arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) on a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) foil will be presented. Furthermore, investigations were performed to achieve athermal behaviour for PMMA by the implementation of zinc oxide nanostructures. Obtained results will be shown and discussed during the conference.
75
FRIDAY
Integrated Optics
76
FRIDAY
Room A
A2210:45 Spectral optical system with chips
R. Riesenberg, A. Wuttig, A. Grjasnow, M. Kanka, U. Hübner, Leibniz-Institut für Photonische [email protected]
We present a spectral sensor device with a very compact planar technology arrangement. It uses a high precision dispersive pattern prepared on a glass chip. The chip is mounted at a small distance (typically about 100 µm) in front of a CCD or CMOS image sensor. The 2-dimensional monochrome diffraction image depends strongly on the wavelength and the superposition of diffraction images encodes a whole spectrum. It is read out for example by 13 x 13 pixels of the CCD. Instead of an entrance slit a pinhole is used in a similar short distance in front of the dispersive pattern (DOE). A parallelization of the spectral sensor – e.g. for implementing a snapshot spectral imager – is easily reached due to the planar technology. A compact optical set up without intermediate imaging stages is realized.Different technologies of the dispersive pattern are discussed. Results of a set-up with a spectral resolution better than 50 nm and a spectral region of the VIS up to the NIR are presented. The system is compared with compact spectral sensors. The principle in relation to apertures and other dimensions is discussed as well as limits and applications are given.
77
FRIDAY
Integrated Optics
78
FRIDAY
Room A
A2311:00
A2411:15
Distribution of Cavity-modes in Narrowband Filters with Chirped Thin-FilmsS. Reuter, M. Taimoor, H. Hillmer, T. Kusserow, Institute of Nanostructure Technologies and Analytics / CINSaT, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, [email protected]
Thin-Film devices with Fabry-Pérot configuration are commonly applied as narrowband filters in spectroscopic measurements or as base element for lasers. The cavity in this layout can be described as an additional layer thickness localized at a central position of a quarterwave multi-layer stack. In our approach this additional layer thickness is distributed over many periods of the multilayer-stack leading to a chirped filter with slightly varying layer thicknesses. Distribution of the cavity layer over the filter leads to wider distribution of the related cavity mode as well, which is beneficial for applications where less localized electric fields are desired. The fundamental properties of chirped filters with distributed cavities are presented and numerical calculations for the optimization of devices are shown. Results of the fabrication and optical characterization of narrowband filters with positive and negative chirp functions are given and discussed.
An Optical AC-Amplifier/DC-Suppressor Using Sagnac Interferometer with Semiconductor Optical AmplifierB. A. Ribeiro, C. B. Marcondes, F. L. D. Soares, R. M. Ribeiro, Dept. Engenharia de Telecomunicações,Universidade Federal [email protected]
We describe for the first time a fibre-optic device able to simultaneously reduce/amplify the unmodulated(DC)/modulated(AC) component of an optical carrier in the time-domain, respectively. The configuration is based on a Sagnac interferometer incorporating a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) non-linear element. The fast (25 ps) SOA is asymmetrically placed from the midpoint of the loop. The unmodulated component is ideally 100% reflected by the loop whereas the modulated is amplified and switched out to the transmission arm due to the self-phase modulation (SPM) in the SOA. The SPM effect acts only on time-varying optical signals thus partially or totally filtering out the optical DC-offset.
Experimental results show 9.1 dB AC-amplification and 11.0 dB DC-suppression by carefully adjusting the polarization of the interfering light beams. Measurements around 200 MHz modulation frequency and as a function of the launched optical power were carried out. The distortion of the output signal was also measured.
In order to support the experimental results, numerical simulations using the VPI Transmission MakerTM platform were also carried out.
79
FRIDAY
Integrated Optics
80
FRIDAY
Room B
B1910:00
B2010:15
Polarization and phase shifting interferometry for the simultaneous measurement of phase and polarization.S. Rothau*, N. Lindlein, Institute of Optics , Information and Photonics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nü[email protected]
In several cases it is useful to characterize optical elements with respect to their impact on the polarization and the phase of an incoming light wave. However, this is not possible in one of the traditional measurement procedures. For the phase measurement the well established method of the phase shifting interferometry (PSI) can be used, but without measuring any polarization results. On the other side, the common polarization measurement methods provide no global phase information of the light wave.
We will present a theoretical description and some experimental results of a novel interferometric method for the simultaneous and spatially resolved measurement of both the phase and any local elliptical polarization.
The complete description of the light wave is achieved by the approach, that in the measurement setup in addition to the variation of the reference phase, like in the classical PSI, also the polarization of a reference beam is changed. For the minimal algorithm only six interferograms are sufficient to calculate all unknown variables.
Second, improved sphere interferometer of PTBA. Nicolaus, G. Bartl, T. Mai, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116 [email protected]
A last precise determination of Avogadro’s constant in 2016 will be the crucial contribution to the redefinition of the SI unit kilogram, awaited for 2018. The measurement uncertainty of this fundamental constant is limited mainly by the interferometric volume measurement of a sphere from a single crystal of highly enriched 28Si. The sphere interferometer 1 (sphinx1) of PTB measures sphere diameters with uncertainties less than 2 nm. Unique feature of this interferometer is a complete diameter topography as the spherical layout allows the diameters of the sphere to be evaluated in the complete field of view of 60°. With appropriate reorientations the sphere can be characterized with some 500 000 diameter values. In the recent years, with great expense a new sphere interferometer was constructed and now accomplished, which significantly exceeds the optical performance of sphinx1. Reproducibility measurements over 10 years with sphinx1 and the new measurements with sphinx2 which agree in the sub-nm range give reason to expect that the XRCD measurements will, due to the reduced uncertainties, dominate the value for the Avogadro constant and the Planck constant, respectively.
81
FRIDAY
InterferometryDr. B. Dörband, HS Aalen
82
Room B
B2110:30
B2210:45
FRIDAY
Interferometrical measurement of concave half cylindric surfaces in industrial environmentM. Fleischer, T. Wiesendanger, P. Drabarek, Robert Bosch GmbH, [email protected]
Nowadays many automotive parts have form tolerances in the micron range and the whole surface must be acquired within short time. Usually interferometric methods are very suitable to achieve the necessary accuracy within short measurement time. Many of these parts have precise concave cylindric shape. For such parts we developed a special form measuring machine using a point measuring stylus having an air bearing spindle. This machine is using a short coherent stylus system which can measure on almost all non-transparent surfaces. Recently wear protection layers are increasingly applied to technical surfaces. For the measuring of such parts with semi-transparent layers we developed a shape measuring system using a wavelength in the visible range for which the layer is not transparent. The interferometer works with a high precision axicon mirror to adjust the measuring wave onto the inside cylindric surface. To measure the complete surface we implemented a cylindric stitching algorithm. To avoid residual errors caused by movement and vibration we use a special reference gauge. We present results and experience of application in the production.
Subaperture wavefront measurement using Talbot interferometryM. Bichra*, K. Pant**, D.Ramu**, N. Sabitov*, G S. Khan** ,S Sinzinger*, *Fachgebiet Technische Optik , Technische Universität Ilmenau ,Germany., **Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , [email protected]
Various methods can be used to measure optical wavefronts, one of the most widely used is Shack Hartmann sensing. In this case, however the use of microlens arrays for wavefront sensing comes along with a limited lateral resolution.Recently, wavefront sensing based on the Talbot interferometry has been considered to be a good alternative to the Shack–Hartmann method. It was confirmed that the replacement of the lenslet array by a diffraction grating eliminates some limitations of the Shack–Hartmann sensor especially regarding the device flexibility.For the measurement of large optical wavefronts, a new method based on subaperture stitching of freeform wavefronts is proposed. It is applied to the data acquired using a scanning modified Talbot sensor. The complete wavefront is divided into a number of subapertures with some overlapping zones. Each subaperture is measured using a 2-dimensional grating and Fourier filtering. By scanning the entire wavefront, it is possible to reconstruct it. A mathematical model for stitching algorithm is developed.Simulation studies are conducted. Furthermore the proposed mathematical model is verified experimentally.
83
Interferometry
FRIDAY
84
Room B
B2311:00
FRIDAY
Vibration Measurements of Rotating Objects Using an Optomechatronical Image DerotatorB. Altmann, B. Rohloff, C. Pape, E. Reithmeier, Institut für Mess- und Regelungstechnik, Leibniz Universität [email protected]
The need of investigations on rotating objects during operation is constantly increasing. Therefore, obtaining detailed information about the dynamic system behavior (such as vibrations) is essential. Vibrations are described as periodic, deforming mechanical oscillations of a structural component. In general, measurements of vibration amplitudes and frequencies are performed using a laser Doppler vibrometer on a non-rotating measurement object. In order to quantify vibrations of the object during operation, a laser Doppler vibrometer can be used in combination with an optomechatronical image derotator. Thus, the laser beam is tracked to the rotating object continuously. In this presentation, the conventional measurements at standstill are compared with the extended measurements on rotating objects by using the derotator to prove the enormous potential of this measuring system. This comparison demonstrates the need of the derotator by measuring, investigating and interpreting the characteristic eigenmodes of a blade wheel and a blisk using a laser Doppler vibrometer.
85
Interferometry
FRIDAY
86
Room C
C1910:00
C2010:15
FRIDAY
Prospects of multimode fibers and digital phase conjugation for optogeneticsJ. W. Czarske, D. Haufe and L. Büttner, TU Dresden, Lab of Measurement and Sensor System Techniques, Helmholtzstr. 18, 01062 Dresden, [email protected]
Multimode fibers have drawn much attention, since they can convey multiple physical variables. However, the launched light generally excites multiple modes with different propagation velocities and mode mixing occurs. Multimode fibers behave as diffusing, turbid media and show speckles. Utilizing time reversibility of the scattering process exploited directly in digital optical phase conjugation (DOPC). One current hurdle of DOPC in biological applications is that the spatial information is transferred synchronously only.
In this paper we present an asynchronous transmission through multimode fibers using DOPC. Our results carry potential for lensless endoscopic light delivery in optogenetics, which uses proteins to manipulate or measure of neural physiology. Optogenetic approaches allow activation or inhibition of genetically prescribed populations of neurons. It offers not only the ability to elucidate the functions of neural circuitry but also new approaches to the treatment of drug addiction, chronic pain, Parkinson disease, schizophrenia, epilepsy, autism and anxiety disorder as well as recovery of vision and auditory perception.
Two photon optogenetic stimulation of human induced pluripotent stem cells derived cardiomyocytesM. Torres-Mapa*, M. Jara-Avaca**,****, M. Bakar**,****, T. Ripken***,*****, D. Heinemann***,*****, I. Gruh**,****, A. Heisterkamp**,****, *Institute for Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover; **Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; ***Biomedical Optics Department, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hannover; ****REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; *****Cluster of Excellence [email protected]
Control of cardiovascular tissue activity with light presents a non-contact alternative to electrical devices for cardiac pacing. The technique called optogenetics combines genetic modification with light-sensitive proteins such as Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) and optical tools to perturb cellular activity. In this work, ChR2 was introduced into human induced pluripotent stem cells under the control of a ubiquitous promoter and respective cells were differentiated towards cardiomyocytes. Purified,light-sensitive cardiomyocytes were stimulated classically using blue light which has a limited tissue penetration depth for targeted stimulation. Thus, we demonstrate the use of a near-infrared femtosecond laser combined with beam shaping to stimulate arbitrary regions in a complex multi-cellular cardiac body. This high spatio-temporal technique may permit the stimulation of multiple cardiomyocytes and induce synchronous cardiac pacing with light.
87
Biophotonics and Optogenetics IProf. C. Denz, Muenster University, ICO Secretary
FRIDAY
88
Room C
C2110:30
C2210:45
FRIDAY
Mechanisms for the light-cell interface in optical cell stimulationS. Johannsmeier*,**, P. Heeger**,***, N. Tinne*, A. Heisterkamp*,**,***, T. Ripken*,**, D. Heinemann*,**, *Abteilung für Biomedizinische Optik, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V.; **Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all"; ***Institut für Quantenoptik, Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz Universität [email protected]
Electric neurostimulation has become an important means of therapy for many different indications such as epilepsy, chronic pain, cardiac arrhythmia or sensory loss. However, an electrode cannot deliver a stimulus with sufficient precision to stimulate single cells in a dense neural network. Concerning sensory devices like a cochlear implant, an imprecise stimulus due to electronic crosstalk results in a blurred sensory impression. Advances in optical neurostimulation have shown great potential to overcome these limitations of electrical approaches by translating precise optical stimuli into electrophysiological signals on a single cell level. We used a neuroblastoma cell line (N2A) to study the effects of different optical stimulation methods, such as glutamate uncaging, gold nanoparticle mediated laser stimulation and optogenetic approaches. The different strategies were evaluated with respect to factors like robustness of the results, cell damage and transferability of the experimental conditions to circumstances in vivo. Thereby, a first attempt was made to assess the feasibility of an optical hearing aid.
Macrobending losses of glass fibers for optical cochlear stimulationN. Kallweit*,**, M. Tomanek*, D. Heinemann*,**, A. Krüger*,**, A. Heisterkamp*,**,***, T. Ripken*,**,*Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hollerithallee 8, 30419 Hannover, Germany; **Cluster of Excellence, "Hearing4all"; ***Leibniz University Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, [email protected]
Laser stimulation of the cochlea could be a potential alternative to conventional electric cochlea implants in treatment of sensorineural hearing loss. An optical hearing aid requires means of delivery to stimulate different areas inside the cochlea such as glass fibers. The necessary fiber bending inside the inner ear can lead to losses and thereby reduction of the stimulation volume. In order to assess those effects, measurements of attenuation and breakage due to fiber bending were performed. Energy losses of fibers with different diameters, numerical apertures (NA), wavelengths and bending radii were measured. Measurements of the NA at fiber tip with different radii as well as a computer simulation of the experiments were performed. Based on dimensions of a segmented cochlea, the position of expected failure of the fiber due to breakage and energy losses can be demonstrated. None of the used fibers could be inserted into the apex. Fibers with smaller diameters can withstand smaller bend radii. Energy losses could be reduced with smaller core diameters and higher NA. In conclusion, the results provide a basis for further studies regarding the optical stimulation of the cochlea.
89
FRIDAY
Biophotonics and Optogenetics I
90
Friday
Adaptive optics assisted and optical coherence tomography guided fs-laser surgery in the posterior eyeB. Matthias, A. Krüger, T. Ripken, Biomedical Optics Department, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V. (LZH)[email protected]
Fs-lasers are clinically established for surgical procedures in the anterior eye, e.g. for corneal flap cutting during LASIK or for cutting the crystalline lens in assisting cataract surgery. However, the use of fs-lasers in the posterior segment of the eye (vitreous body and retina) is impeded by aberrations and focus position errors. The distortion of the laser focus reduces the precision and raises the required pulse energy for cutting. Thus, the risk for peripheral implications and retinal damage is increased. We present a functional prototype for image-guided vitreo-retinal fs-laser surgery which combines optical coherence tomography for laser beam guidance and adaptive optics for aberration correction and spatial beam shaping. By targeted cutting of phantom structures close to porcine retinal tissue we prove that ophthalmic fs-laser surgery in the posterior eye is made more feasible by tomographic image guidance and aberration correction. Such a system could offer a minimally invasive alternative to conventional pars plana vitrectomy and opens up a multitude of new treatment options.
Room C
C2311:00
91
Friday
Biophotonics and Optogenetics I
92
Friday
Optoelectronic oscillators and applicationsYanne K. Chembo, FEMTO-ST Institute, Besançon, [email protected]
Optoelectronic oscillators are autonomous nonlinear systems which have a delayed feedback loop constituted with an optical and an electrical branch. From the theoretical point of view, OEOs are excellent benchmarks to investigate the fundamental properties of delayed dynamical systems. From the technological viewpoint, they find applications in microwave photonics, optical chaos cryptography, and neuromorphic computing. In this communication, we briefly discuss our latest results with this technology in the FEMTO-STInstitute in France, and we present in depth those obtained in a new photonics lab that we have recently set up in at the University of Yaoundé I in Cameroon, within the framework of the International Year of Light.
Photonic Nanowires for Pulse Compression and Sensing ApplicationsMourad Zghal, * University of Carthage - Engineering School of Communications of Tunis (Sup'Com) Gazala Technopark - 2083 Ariana Tunisia, ** Institut Mines-Telecom - Telecom [email protected]
Photonic nanowires are very promising waveguides for mid-IR low-power devices and applications. This talk will give an overview of low loss photonic nanowires with diameters smaller than the wavelength of the guided light. A new design of optical waveguide exhibiting high nonlinearities and large anomalous velocity dispersion is presented. The design of waveguides made of highly nonlinear glasses such as chalcogenide and tellurite is shown to be suitable for efficient soliton self-compression with low input pulse energies of sub-nJ level. Broadband coherent supercontinua (SC) with more than one octave spanning are generated. New designs of mid-IR sources operating beyond 2μm are proposed by tapering photonic crystal fibers yielding the generation of broadband mid-IR SC. A design of a photonic nanowire that is well suited for an efficient and controlled interaction of guided light with matter for sensing applications is proposed and is shown to be very attractive for compact, flexible, real-time and high sensitive refractometric sensing.
12:30 - 13:30 Lunch / Break13:30 Room A Young Scientists Award
Room A
S611:30
S712:00
93
Friday
Plenary SessionOptics in Developing Countries
Dr. F. Höller, Carl Zeiss AG, DGaO President, ICO Vice President
94
Friday
Depth resolution by means of helical wavefronts for particle tracking applicationsM. Teich, J. Stürmer, M. Ehrhardt, L. Büttner, J. Czarske, Fakultät Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Technische Universität Dresden, Professur für Mess- und [email protected]
Tracking of Particles and biological cells is a common method for nano and micro fluidics as well as cytometry. Microscopy is an essential tool for biomedical research and applications, but it usually suffers from the lag of depth information. Distance information within the depth of field in a microscope is not easily accessible. We present a technique for three-dimensional measurements of flow fields. A double-helix point spread function can be generated by a spatial light modulator (SLM) through phase-only modulation. These engineered point-spread functions can create a double image of the object. The axis between those double images rotates around its centre when the object is driven through the depth of field of the microscope objective. The technique enables a robust axial localization of particles and cells. With the double-helix microscopy technique we intent to accomplish 3D measurements in micro-channel flows.
4Pi mirror based focusingL. Alber*,**, M. Fischer*,**, B. Srivathsan*, M. Weber*, M. Sondermann*,**, G. Leuchs*,**,***, * Max-Planck-Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen; ** Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg; *** Department of Physics, University of [email protected]
Creating an isotropic, diffraction limited excitation spot is beneficial for several fields in science, e.g. 3D confocal imaging or quantum-optics experiments with single atoms. One method to obtain such a focal field distribution is 4Pi microscopy. High resolution imaging techniques such as STED and RESOLFT-type microscopy also benefit from 4Pi focusing since the depletion beam has a steeper slope. Conventional 4Pi microscopes with two opposing high NA objective lenses often struggle with technical difficulties such as precise coalignment of the objective lenses or the need for phase compensation in multi-wavelength setups. Furthermore, axial side lobes are often a major problem. Here we present the experimental characterization of a novel 4Pi objective based on a parabolic mirror. Since it is based on a single reflective element, it is inherently free of chromatic aberrations, has a nearly side lobe free axial Point Spread Function (PSF) and is mechanically stable. We characterize the focusing properties measuring the excitation PSF with a single trapped Yb+ ion as an intensity sensor and discuss further improvements using aberration-correction.
Room A
A2514:15
A2614:30
95
Friday
Adaptive Optics and Beam ShapingProf. J. Czarske, Dresden University
96
Friday
Room A
A2714:45
A2815:00
Piezo-based, automated active alignment of laser resonatorsM. Prochnau*, D. Greger*, A. Gatej*, J. Stollenwerk*,**, P. Loosen*,**, *Chair for Technology of Optical Systems, RWTH Aachen University, Steinbachstraße 15, 52074 Aachen, Germany; **Fraunhofer-Institute for Laser Technology, Steinbachstraße 15, 52074 Aachen, [email protected]
Today, the assembly of laser systems is dominated by manual operations, involving alignment by means of adjustable mountings. From an economical point of view, an automated assembly of laser systems defines a promising approach to produce more reliable units at lower cost. However, the step from today’s manual solutions towards an automated assembly requires parallel developments regarding product design, automation equipment as well as assembly processes.This work introduces the concept of a technical systems as a new approach towards highly flexible automation. Technically, the work focuses on the precision assembly of laser resonators, which is one of the last and at the same time the most crucial assembly step in terms of beam quality and laser power. An alternative approach for laser resonator alignment consisting of a piezo-based active alignment tool is presented. The results show that the time and the complexity of laser resonator assembly can be reduced significantly. Compared with other methods of resonator alignment, a subsequent realignment is possible after misalignment which may occur e.g. due to thermal effects.
Wavefront-shaping for flow-field measurementsB. Fregin*, N. Koukourakis*, J. König**, J. Czarske*, * Professur für Mess- und Sensorsystemtechnik (MST), Fakultät Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Technische Universität Dresden, ** SAWLab Saxony, IFW [email protected]
Flow field measurements of fluids are important for several applications in process engineering and biomedical sciences. However, there are environments where the measurements are harmed by aberrations or scattering, which leads to a strong increase of the measurement uncertainty. Supported by the technological progress of spatial light modulators (SLM) and the wave front sensing techniques, sensor-based adaptive optics enables to overcome these limitations, as it allows for flexible control of light-fields.In this contribution we analyze the usage of time-reversal and wave front shaping techniques for both turbidity suppression and aberration correction. The effect of scattering or fluctuating media on the measurement accuracy of image-correlation based flow-field measurements is investigated and results of first measurements and simulations are presented and limitations are discussed. We show that time-reversal, digital holography and wave front shaping techniques have the potential to strongly improve the quality of disturbed flow-field measurements.
97
Friday
Adaptive Optics and Beam Shaping
98
Friday
Room B
B2514:15
B2614:30
Beam deflection sensitivity of quadrant detector using a Bessel beamN. Hermosa, National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101 [email protected]
A quadrant detector is a device that measures a displacement of a beam from the center. It relies on the difference between the detected intensity in its four semiconductor cells. It has been used in determining deflection of Gaussian beams and recently, of Laguerre-Gaussian beams. It is known that the sensitivity to beam displacement S of the quadrant detector is a function of the waist of the impinging beam while with LG beams, S diminishes as the orbital mode number l is increased. Since the S increases with decreasing waist w0, would a first-order Bessel beam whose most intense region can have much lower beam diameter, have a greater sensitivity?
In this presentation, the sensitivity of a quadrant detector to a deflected Bessel beam is calculated. We show that the beam displacement sensitivity is increased when using BB’s when the transverse wavevector kr is greater that (2/π)^(1/2) w0^(-1). However, the working displacement is reduced and should be much shorter that (6)^(1/2)/kr.
Immediate application includes the increased sensitivity of devices such as atomic force microscopes.
Speckle pattern based deflectometryA. Masek, A. W. Stark, H. Babovsky, R. Kowarschik, Institute of Applied Optics, Friedrich Schiller University [email protected]
Deflectometric measurements of reflecting surfaces are becoming increasingly important in industrial metrology. For production and the following quality control surfaces need to be measured very accurately. Hereby touchless surface scans without additional coating of scattering layers is often preconditioned. Classical deflectometry often uses fringe projection techniques, where coding is obtained via phase shifting. However this kind of illumination places high demands on the used projector or screen. We propose a deflectometric system based on laser speckle projection. Hereby we use the well known principles of a photogrammetric measurement system as basis. Resulting from the recorded images the three dimensional object point can be obtained via triangulation. The goal of this project is to develop and improve a real time, laser speckle based, deflectometric measurement system.
99
Friday
Deflectometry and Speckle Coded MeasurementsProf. C. Faber, HS Landshut
100
Friday
Room B
B2714:45
B2815:00
Statistical features of speckle-patterns for stereophotogrammetric 3D-reconstructionA. W. Stark, E. Wong, H. Babovsky, R. Kowarschik, Institute of Applied Optics, Friedrich Schiller University [email protected]
In an active stereophotogrammetric setup sinusoidal, bandlimited or speckle-patterns are projected sequentially onto an object to find a time based correlation. Out of these three only the speckle-patterns have a high depth of field and allow at the same time a high speed pattern generation. However their statistics limit their application compared to, for example, band limited patterns. The histogram of a speckle-distribution shows a clear concentration of intensities around an average value. In this work, we present a technique for speckle-based setups to decrease this disadvantageous effect by frequency filtering of the pattern and adapting the reconstruction algorithm to the statistical features of speckle-patterns. Possible advantages and disadvantages for the performance are investigated.
Light intensity dependence during dynamic laser speckle measurementsR.O. Reis*, R.A.Braga*, H.J. Rabal**, *Centre for Development of Instrumentation, Engineering Department, Federal University of Lavras, **National University of La Plata, Centre for Optical [email protected]
Dynamic laser speckle is a sensitive optical phenomenon used to monitor activity in biological and non-biological material. The activity in the speckle patterns is a result of many phenomena which has its complexity amplified in biological samples. The interaction of the light with biological material is a challenge to users, and one complex question is the influence of the level of the laser beam in the quality of the information brought to observers. This work evaluated the influence of laser intensity in coffee seeds and roots, and in a non-biological phenomenon, the paint-drying. The laser intensity was varied directly in the laser set or by means of a semi-filtering. Images were analysed by means of graphical and numerical processing and the results showed that the quantity of light influenced the final information. In addition, a different level of illumination on a same surface conducted to a distinct outcome using the traditional methods. Therefore, some adjustments of the image processing were proposed presenting enhancement of the final outcome, as well as a discussion about the quantity of the light over the samples were carried out in order to avoid misjudgements.
101
Friday
Deflectometry and Speckle Coded Measurements
102
Friday
Room B
B2915:15 Digital generation of phase-shifting fringes to provide an alternative to interferometry
R. A. Braga*, R. J. González-Peña**, M. Marcon***, R. R. Magalhães*, T. P. Almeida*, I. V. A. Santos*, M. Martins, * Federal University of Lavras UFLA CEDIA; ** University of Valencia; *** Federal University of Technology - Paraná[email protected]
Digital speckle pattern interferometry is well known technique in many areas when one needs to measure micro-displacements out of the plane in biological and non-biological objects. The methodology is based on the Michelson’s Interferometer with the use of a piezoelectric actuator (PZT) in order to provide the phase-shift of the fringes and then improve the quality of the final images. The creation of the shifting images using a PZT, despite its great use, has some drawbacks, such as the cost of the apparatus, the need to apply the same displacement of the mirror repeated times, or when one need to apply the technique in moving objects. This work created digitally the phase-shift images avoiding the mechanical PZT and tested them in the digital shearography method. The proposed methodology tested a well-known object, a cantilever beam of aluminium, and a biological sample, a tooth. The results presented the ability of the proposed methodology to create the deformation map and curves with reliability and proving that it is possible to reduce the cost, to improve the robustness and also the accessibility of the digital speckle shearography pattern interferometry.
103
Friday
Deflectometry and Speckle Coded Measurements
104
Friday
Room C
C2514:15
C2614:30
Resonance Raman spectroscopy of amino acids and proteinsM. Höhl*, M. Meinhardt-Wollweber*, U. Morgner*, H. Schmitt**, T. Lenarz**, * Institut für Quan-tenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover; ** Experimentelle Otorhinolaryngologie, Medizinische Hochschule [email protected]
Resonant enhancement of Raman signals is well suited to increase sensitivity in samples with low concentration such as biological tissue. We propose an experimental technique for recording resonance profiles of amino acids and proteins. The shape indicates the optimal excitation wavelength and yields valuable information about the molecules themselves. For comparison of spectra obtained at different excitation wavelengths, the experimental setup needs to be carefully characterized and calibrated. Challenges occurring here and possible solutions are discussed. The study provides the basis for ex vivo measurements on more complex samples such as proteins located in the human perilymph. The composition of this inner ear liquid is essential for hearing and cannot be analyzed non-invasively so far. The long term aim is to implement this technique as a fiber based endoscope for non-invasive measurements during surgeries (e. g. cochlear implants) making it available as a diagnostic tool for physicians. This project is embedded in the interdisciplinary cluster of excellence “Hearing for all” (H4A) which aims at a major breakthrough in hearing research.
Cytochrome-c based Resonance Raman Microscopy: analyzing bacterial phylogeny in vivoA. Kniggendorf*, B. Roth*, * Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies, Leibniz Universität [email protected]
Cytochromes c (cyt-c) are ubiquitous electron transfer proteins found in the majority of life forms on earth. Any change to the heme moiety, a porphyrin embedded in the protein matrix, results in total loss of protein function. However, the protein matrix supporting the heme is highly susceptible to evolutionary change. Confocal Resonance Raman Microscopy tuned for the porphyrin lattice vibrations of the heme moiety can be used to record the cyt-c Raman spectrum of individual bacterial cells in vivo and in situ. The Raman spectra are then categorized into clusters based on their spectral similarity, determining the similarity of the cytochrome-content of the respective cells and ultimately, how evolutionary close the analyzed cells are to each other. We present a proof of concept determining the relative relatedness of four bacterial strains (3 species of Nitrosomonas and a mutant Rhodobacter) based on the similarity of their cyt-c resonant Raman spectra recorded in vivo from individual cells in planktonic culture.
105
Friday
Biophotonics and Optogenetics IIProf. G. V. Bally, Muenster University, ICO Associate Secretary
106
Friday
Room C
C2714:45
C2815:00
Active management of spherical aberration in live cell microscopyA. Menendez-Manjon*, H. Schadwinkel**, R. Wartmann**, *Anton Paar OptoTec GmbH, ** Carl Zeiss Microscopy [email protected]
Light microscopy of living cells requires a compromise between conditions that are on the one hand as viable as possible and on the other hand optically well defined. Especially the mismatch of refractive indices of immersion liquid and cell culture medium often creates spherical aberration, that also depends on how deep the cells are embedded in the medium. These effects not only degrade image quality and resolution but also result in a significant signal loss in confocal microscopy.Using objectives with correction collar is an established approach to overcome these problems, that has its own drawbacks. Correction objectives are usually expensive and the internal movement of optical elements can introduce coma.An alternative concept to overcome the spherical aberration is the active use of Herschel’s condition. Microscopy violates Herschel’s condition very severely. This results in spherical aberration if the positions of object and image are shifted along the optical axis. By optimally balancing the shifts of object and image position, both kinds of spherical aberration cancel each other and the image quality becomes perfect.
SLOT: Computed Tomography with laser light for volumetric microscopy of mesoscopic specimensG. Antonopoulos*, L. Nolte*, M. Heidrich*, A. Heisterkamp**, T. Ripken*, H. Meyer*, * Department of Biomedical Optics, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., ** Institute of Quantum Optics, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität [email protected]
Techniques for 3D mesoscopy of biological samples are an important instrument in the life sciences. Furthermore, the development and study of these techniques has become a research field in its own right. In recent years, Scanning Laser Optical Tomography (SLOT) has emerged as a new and promising tool for 3D microscopy. SLOT is the equivalent of Computed Tomography (CT) with laser light and is able to generate volumetric reconstructions of a sample from a series of projection images. In this talk we will introduce the application of SLOT in the fields of neurobiology, developmental biology and implant research. We will furthermore present recent advances in the preparation and imaging of optically cleared samples as well as the use of nonlinear contrast mechanisms in SLOT.
107
Friday
Biophotonics and Optogenetics II
108
Friday
Room C
C2915:15 Bionics and Biomimetic Optics – What applied optics can learn from nature
O. Sandfuchs*, R. Brunner**;***, * University of Applied Sciences Hamm-Lippstadt, Lippstadt, Germany, ** University of Applied Sciences Jena, Jena, Germany, *** Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering, Jena, [email protected]
Science and engineering have reached a new quality in the way we do research and technology development. There is a new paradigm: what we learn from nature. Optical bionics and biomimetic optics are rather young disciplines compared to bionics in material science and tooling engineering. Sustainability and modern technological system require sophisticated and optimized solutions. This optimization principle has become obvious for a variety of visual tasks. For each environmental condition the most appropriate visual system is not only taking pure optical aspects into account but instead also implies tunable and motion functionalities: tunable lenses in vertebrate eyes and spectrally broadband visual systems in the complex compound eyes of some crustaceans. Another example are antireflection motheye structures for elastopolymer lens applications, which are based on the manufacturing by a selforganized process known as block copolymer micelle nanolithography. So the challenge of bringing nature’s solutions into modern systems does not only lie in the copying of its functionality but also in exploitation of sustainable technological processes that are found in such biological systems.
15:30 DGaO General Meeting / Poster / Coffee break (Room A)
17:30 WG: Biophotonics (Room C), WG: Optical Sensor Systems (Room B)
18:30 Admission to Lecture / Dinner
19:00 Fraunhofer - Lecture / S. Hell: Optical microscopy: the resolution revolution
20:00 Gala Dinner
109
Friday
Biophotonics and Optogenetics II
110
SATurdAY
Optical Systems Design for the digital FutureNorbert Kerwien, Carl Zeiss AG, Corporate Research & Technology, Optics Concepts, [email protected]
Currently, the world is in the process of digital transformation. Every day, new smart services and products based on digital technologies arise. The fusion of technologies for information, communication, and manufacturing is the basis for process innovations like industry 4.0. In this context, optical technologies play a key role in acquiring, processing and visualizing information. Optical systems, on the other hand, also profit from new digital technologies and trends like deep learning, cloud computing and powerful image processing. This strong interaction of digital and optical technologies is the basis for new innovative products. By means of different examples from photography, microscopy and visualization systems, the talk illustrates how optical system design addresses the current trends.
Optical Materials - Progress enables new applications and researchPeter Hartmann, SCHOTT [email protected]
Optical materials are the very ones enabling the manipulation of light. Progress with optical materials opens new possibilities for application and research. Even after 130 years of development with optical glass progress is still going strong. More precisely mastered refractive index and dispersion of optical glass types make better optical systems become possible. Such mastery comprises manufacturing and metrology processes. New glass types with extreme optical properties and better workability support the same development. Deeper understanding of short range inhomogeneity i.e. striae allows valuing its effect in optical systems. The coefficient of thermal expansion of low expansion glass ceramic is adjustable to the specific application temperature profile thus reducing expansion another order of magnitude. Together with improved homogeneity this is a precondition for extremely temperature sensitive high tech systems. Better data and understanding of bending strength and outstanding weight reduction technology enable new application and research satellite missions as e.g. the LISA Pathfinder mission.
10:00 Coffee break
Room A
H709:00
H809:30
111
SATurdAY
Plenary SessionOptical Design and Optical Materials
Prof. E. Reithmeier, Leibniz University Hanover
112
SATurdAY
Room A
A3010:30
A3110:45
Simulation of a Double/Triple-Fabry-Perot-Spectropolarimeter for the solar telescope DKISTM. Schubert, Prof. Dr. O. von der Lühe, Prof. Dr. W. Schmidt, Dr. T. Kentischer, Kiepenheuer-Institut für [email protected]
The upcoming 4m telescope DKIST on Hawaii is in the developing phase under the leadership of the National Solar Observatory (NSO, USA) and will become the worlds biggest instrument for solar observations. In order to achieve high resoluted images of the solar surface to study their small scale dynamics, we need suitable post-focus instruments which meet the physical requirements. The Kiepenheurer-Institut develops a Fabry-Perot based spectropolarimeter (visible tunable filter, VTF) in telecentric mount for the DKIST to get 2d spectral, polarimetric and spatial high resoluted images of the sun. We carried out simulations for a tandem- and triple-etalon-system to study the impact of instrumental imperfections. In particular it is a study of the quality of the plates and the gaps within the etalons and their influence on MHD-simulations of the quiet sun. Furthermore we studied the impact of noise and image distortions within the simulations to enhance data calibration techniques and define the limits for science data acquisition with this instrument.
IR-MALDI Ion Mobility Spectrometry: Characterization and applicationsJ. Villatoro*,**, M. Zühlke*, D. Riebe*, T. Beitz*, H.-G. Löhmannsröben*, * Universität Potsdam, Physikalische Chemie, ** School of Analytical Sciences Adlershof (SALSA), Humboldt-Universität zu [email protected]
Infrared matrix-assisted laser dispersion and ionization (IR-MALDI) is a soft ionization technique which enables the direct analysis of a wide range of biologically relevant molecules in aqueous solution. IR-MALDI is based on the release of ions by liquid dispersion through the excitation of the OH-stretch vibration band of water by an IR laser pulse (λ = 2.94 µm). For this work the dispersion process at atmospheric pressure, stemming from a laser-induced phase explosion, has been thoroughly studied and characterized by means of shadowgraphy and ion mobility (IM) spectrometry. The focus of the investigations was on the phase explosion-induced transport of ions and peak formation in IM spectra. Furthermore, the speed of the phase explosion-induced transport of ions could be determined. As a result of our studies the spectrometer was optimized, and limits of detection as low as 5 nmol/L and linear ranges of 2-3 orders of magnitude were obtained. The potential of IR-MALDI IM spectrometry to analyze simple mixtures by the stand-alone spectrometer and more complex mixtures after preseparation on an HPLC column is illustrated.
113
SATurdAY
Optical Materials and DesignDr. P. Hartmann, Schott AG
114
SATurdAY
Optical design of freeform surfaces using radial basis functions with spatially variable shape parameters and local grid refinementM. Maksimovic, Focal Vision and Optics, Enschede, The [email protected]
Free-form optics is transformative technology in contemporary optical engineering with the design toolset still under development. Recently, we introduced anisotropic Radial Basis Function (aRBF) expansion as a means for effective optical design and tolerancing. In our method, great emphasis is on choosing optimal shape parameters and grid type for placement of aRBFs. In this contribution, we study most general form of RBF based representation involving spatially variable shape parameters across arbitrary irregular domain. Major advantage offered by this approach is in reducing numerical ill-conditioning and increasing accuracy of approximation while using smallest number of RBFs. In addition, possible forms of local grid refinement are exemplified and studied. We tested our method on several use cases using both RBFs with and without compact support and compared the results obtained in multi-parameter optimization with the standard spline based local surface representations. Finally, we exemplify our method on a specific design case of freeform element originating in the design of chirped lens array and with the application for structured illumination in microlithography.
Theoretical study on waveguide solar cell containing nanoparticlesM. M. Shabat*, D. M. El-Amassi* , D. M. Schaadt**, *Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Gaza, P.O. 108, Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestinian Authority, Fax: + 792-082823311; Email: [email protected], [email protected], **Institute of Energy Research and Physical Technologies, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstr. 4, 38678 Clauthal-Zellerfeld, [email protected]
A novel waveguide structure containing nanoparticles and different cover media has been proposed to find out the transmission and reflections of the incident light on the proposed structure. The Transfer matrix method has been applied to study the transverse magnetic TM waves at an Antireflection (AR) coating structure for silicon solar cells with a nanoparticles-dielectric layer. The transmission and reflection coefficients have been derived at different incident angles and for various nanoparticle’s materials in wavelength region between 300 nm and 1200nm. The numerical results, obtained by MAPLE software, highlighted an enhancement of the transmission coefficient by different cover media.
References:1. D. M. El-Amassi, H. J. El-Khozondar and M. M. Shabat, Int. J. of Nano Studies and Technology, 4(2), 84-87, 2015.2. S. Pillai and M. A. Green, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 94, 1481-1486, 2010. 3. M. M. Shabat, and M. F. Ubeid, Energy Procedia, Vol. 50, 314-321, 2014.4. S. I. Park and Y. J. Lee, Journal of the Korean Physical Society, Vol. 32, No. 5, May 1998, pp. 676_680
Room A
A3211:00
A3311:15
115
SATurdAY
Optical Materials and Design
116
SATurdAY
Diffractive-refractive spatio-temporal shaping of ultrashort pulsesM. Musigmann, S. Helfert u. J. Jahns, Lehrgebiet Mikro- und Nanophotonik, FernUniversität in [email protected]
Ultrashort optical pulses play an important role in physics and engineering with applications in the life sciences, chemistry and data communications. Beam shaping has to take into consideration both, the spatial and temporal properties of a pulse. However, due to spatio-temporal dispersive coupling of the wave field, spatial beam shaping affects the temporal properties of the pulse and vice versa. In earlier work, it has been shown, that the combination of diffraction and refraction is a powerful tool for design and implementation. In this context, however, it is necessary to understand the relevant factors for this technique and to explore the limitations. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of diffractive-refractive spatio-temporal pulse shaping and consider various examples.
Laser transfer of silicon nanoparticles with optical magnetic responseU. Zywietz, T.Fischer, A.Evlyukhin, B. Chichkkov, C. Reinhardt, Laser Zentrum [email protected]
Controlled generation of spherical nanoparticles with a reproducible size and their precise positioning on a specific location on a sample is still a challenging problem. We have developed a novel laser printing technique for the controlled fabrication and precise deposition of spherical silicon nanoparticles. Using femtosecond laser pulses it is possible to vary the size of Si nanoparticles and their crystallographic phase. The generated silicon nanoparticles with sizes of a few hundred nanometres exhibit unique optical properties due to their strong electric and magnetic dipole responses in the visible range. The novel fabrication technology allows the generation of individual amorphous and crystalline spherical Si nanoparticles with precisely controlled optical properties. The laser-printed nanoparticles are initially in amorphous phase (a-Si). By additional single-pulse laser irradiation, the amorphous nanoparticles can be controllably transformed into crystalline particles (c-Si) or into particles with more complex mixed amorphous/crystalline phases. This technology provides unique possibilities for laser tuning of optical properties of individual Si nanoparticles.
Room B
B3010:30
B3110:45
117
SATurdAY
Applied Laser TechnologiesProf. U. Morgner, Leibniz University Hanover
118
SATurdAY
Room B
B3211:00
B3311:15
UV-laser fabrication of sub-micron hole arrays in glass by phase mask projectionR. Karstens, A. Prießner, J. Ihlemann, Laser-Laboratorium Göttingen [email protected]
Parallel processing of sub-µm holes in a glass surface using ArF excimer laser ablation at a wavelength of 193 nm is demonstrated. To utilize the laser energy most efficiently, a fused silica phase mask is applied, which is projected on the glass surface with a Schwarzschild type reflective objective. Hole arrays with 500 nm pitch and individual holes with 250 nm diameter and more than 100 nm depth are obtained. Holes in soda lime glass are made by direct laser ablation; fused silica is processed by depositing a SiOx-film on SiO2, patterning the SiOx by ablation, and finally oxidizing the remaining SiOx to SiO2. Glass slides patterned in this way can be used as templates for the ordered arrangement of gold nanoparticles by thermally induced dewetting of deposited thin films.
Surface analysis of femtosecond laser processed materials by using different interferometric modalitiesE. Särchen* **, A. Krüger*, H. Lubatschowski **, T. Ripken*, * Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V.; ** ROWIAK [email protected]
Knowledge about the surface topography is important in terms of precision, resolution, adhesive force, or simply material quality. We measured the surface structure of femtosecond laser processed materials by using digital-interferometric analysis technique. The materials were PMMA, PDMS and fused silica. For surface modification, a femtosecond laser at 1030 nm wavelength with 350 fs pulse duration was used. The laser was focused with 0.6 numerical aperture objective lens onto the surface of the materials. The samples were moved lateral during the cutting process to create different ablation patterns. The imaging technique was used in transmission and reflection mode. Using both modalities gives information about the surface topography and changes in optical density or refractive index of the material. Furthermore, we used scanning electron microscopy to compare the imaging techniques. Using digital interferometry can lead to quantitative values for both refractive index and real height of surface topography. Refractive index changes in the order of E-2 and surface roughness up to several hundred nanometers were measured.
119
SATurdAY
Applied Laser Technologies
120
SATurdAY
Holographic approach for the investigation of singular optics – from phase to polarization singularitiesR. Runde*, E. Otte*, C. Alpmann*, and C. Denz*, * Institute of Applied Physics, University of [email protected]
The individual field of singular optics has attracted rising attention within the last years [1]. Originally covering phase singularities in scalar light beams, the field underwent a reinvention with the investigation of polarization singularities [2].We present a holographic method [3] facilitating the spatial modulation of amplitude, phase and polarization and by this enabling the generation of sophisticated scalar tailored light fields as well as vectorial Poincaré beams. Complex singularity structures in phase and polarization, not investigated before, are realized. Beside the analysis of the transverse phase and polarization distribution the longitudinal evolution of singularities will be demonstrated. Moreover, influence of orbital and spin angular momentum will be discussed, which is of special interest regarding applications in e.g. optical micromanipulation and information technology.
[1] M. Dennis et al., Prog. Opt. 53, 293-363 (2009) [2] I. Freund, Opt. Commun. 201, 251-270 (2002)[3] C. Alpmann et al., “Dynamic modulation of Poincaré beams”, submitted (2015)
Improved Phase Reconstruction by Iterative Solution of the Transport of Intensity EquationK.-H. Brenner, J. Postels, Chair of Optoelectronics, Institute of Computer Engineering (ZITI), Heidelberg [email protected]
Since detectors record only the intensity distribution, a complete determination of the wave field is only possible by using additional methods for reconstructing the phase. These include interferometric or holographic methods, consistency methods like iterative phase retrieval and the transport of intensity equation (TIE). The usual methods for reconstruction utilize a paraxial approximation of the TIE. In this approach, we use the non-paraxial Angular Spectrum propagation and we successively add the terms of the unapproximated TIE to achieve a consistent amplitude and phase distribution.
Room C
C3010:30
C3110:45
121
SATurdAY
Phase RetrievalProf. K.-H. Brenner, ZITI, Mannheim University
122
SATurdAY
Room C
C3211:00
C3311:15
Aliasing-free speckle propagation: Critical sampling rules.T. Meinecke *, D. Kelly **, S. Sinzinger *, * Fachgebiet Technische Optik, Institut für Mikro- und Nanotechnologien, Technische Universität Ilmenau, ** Fachgebiet Optik-Design, Institut für Mikro- und Nanotechnologien, Technische Universität [email protected]
Speckle generation is a well-known optical phenomenon that is produced when coherent light is scattered from an optically rough surface. Due to its complex random nature it is generally studied using statistical methods. It plays an essential role in non-destructive testing and metrology under coherent illumination. Despite being well understood analytically (delta correlated model), it is difficult to simulate the propagation of such speckle fields numerically, due to replicas that arise from the numerical sampling process. Also, an appropriate space-bandwidth product for a delta correlated complex field cannot be properly defined. Here sampling conditions are defined that allow us to numerically propagate a speckle field without aliasing. With this numerical framework we examine the important problem of phase retrieval.
Phase retrieval of optical gratings in transparent mediaC. Kelb*, M. Rahlves*, E. Reithmeier**,*, B. Roth*, *Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies, Leibniz Universität Hannover;, **Institute for Measurement and Automatic Control, Leibniz Universität [email protected]
While calculating intensity patterns from a given phase distribution is a straight forward task, the inverse problem requires sophisticated algorithms often referred to as phase retrieval algorithms. Especially, the Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm is widely used, e.g. for the design of beam shapers, and is well suited for two-dimensional holographic structures where it provides a good approximation to the desired intensity distributions. It was demonstrated by Berlich et al. that the Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm is capable of retrieving phase distributions in already existing thin gratings. However, the search for solutions to form a given intensity distribution in the diffraction maxima of a phase-only grating is a one-dimensional problem which generates a large number of solutions. In this work, we utilize an alternative iterative algorithm that was first published by Farn. In comparison to the Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm, Farn’s algorithm provides various advantages in the one-dimensional case which is the focus in this work. We especially discuss the influence of resolution and initial phase on the fit performance and the validity of the obtained solutions.
12:00 End of Conference
123
SATurdAY
Phase Retrieval
124
poster
A Measurement of the Gouy Phase after a SlitE. Frins*, J. Ferrari*, B. Hils**, D.Dietrich**, W.Dultz**, H. Schmitzer, Universidad de la República Montevideo*, Univ.Frankfurt(Main)**, Xavier Univ. [email protected]
The Gouy phase is a characteristic phase change with respect to a plane wave at an optical caustic, which can be explained as the consequence of momentum conservation at a light path confinement. Since this phase can be calculated with the Huygens-Fresnel diffraction theory and appears also in the path integrals of massive quantum particles, its measurement is of high interest for an understanding of the basic structure of physics. In order to verify our calculations of the Gouy phase (Frins et al. DGaO Proc. 2015), we measured it after a slit of varying width with the help of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The measurement confirms our previous result, namely that the 1/i –factor in the Huygens-Fresnel diffraction theory compensates the Gouy phase at the test point after the aperture and that it is described by the Fresnel integrals.
Investigation on Low-loss Materials for Plasmonic ApplicationsL. Wetterau, T.Kusserow, Institute of Nanostructure Technologies and Analytics / CINSaT, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, [email protected]
The application of plasmonic resonances offer a wide variety of fascinating effects due to the accessibility of the optical near field. Unfortunately the commonly used materials, Gold and Silver, show rather high absorption in the desired spectral range. This limits their potential for possible use in devices and applications. We present our investigation on the deposition and characterization of alternative materials with lower losses, which still can meet the requirements for excitation of plasmonic states. Properties of different candidates, like ZrN or ITO, are discussed and the deposition processes are described. The optical properties are characterized by spectroscopic ellipsometry and reviewed in regard to plasmonic applications.
Preparation Technique of Antiresonant Hollow Core Microstructured Optical Fibers for Chemical SensingJ. Kobelke, J. Bierlich, A. Hartung, A. Schwuchow, K. Schuster,T. Frosch, M. A. Schmidt, H. Bartelt, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, [email protected]
Hollow Core Microstructured Optical Fibers (HCMOFs) enable single mode guidance with large mode field diameters. HCMOFs can be applied for chemical sensing by filling the hollow core with appropriate analytes. We demonstrate preparation approaches for square shaped and hexagonal HCMOFs with a core diameter up to 30 µm. The prepared HCMOFs show a minimum loss of 3 dB/m and effective single mode propagation in the wavelength range 270 nm – 1500 nm. The HCMOFs are manufactured with very thin web bridges, typically 300 nm – 340 nm. We report on a preparation technique without supporting tubes to manufacture extremely thin bridges. The key is an intermediate cane drawing step. We show that the composition of the gas inside the preform cavities influences strongly the composition profile of the glass bridges by diffusion effects. As an example it is shown, that the OH concentration of the “dry” starting material Heraeus F300 can be shifted to over 1000 wt. ppm using a water saturated core cavity atmosphere during the fiber drawing step. This high OH concentration of the bridge silica is advantageously for RAMAN probe fabrication due its low RAMAN scattering tendency.
Poster
P1
P2
P3
125
poster
Applied Laser Technologies
Optical Metrology and Sensing
126
poster
Poster
P4
P5
Dimensional optical metrology on deep sub-wavelength nanostructuresB. Bodermann, G. Ehret, A. Diener, D. Bergmann, M. Wurm, Physikalisch-Technische [email protected]
At PTB two different and to a certain degree complementary methods for dimensional optical characterisation of nanostructures have been developed and investigated: Alternating Grazing Incidence Dark field microscopy using UV illumination (UV-AGID) allows measuring individual isolated structures. On the other hand polarisation sensitive DUV scatterometry is capable to measure average dimensional parameters of periodic structures. Both methods have proven the ability to characterise accurately even sub-wavelength structures; example measurement results are shown.Additionally the performance of both methods for linewidths measurement of deep sub-wavelength line structures has been investigated. The theoretical limits have been evaluated by means of numerical simulations of UV-AGID and DUV scatterometry for silicon and chrome line structures with linewidths down to 10 nm. It has been shown that AGID microscopy in the DUV spectral range is in principle capable to measure line structures down to a few 10 nm, depending on the structure material. For scatterometry no fundamental limit has been observed. Sources of technical issues limiting the performance in practise will be discussed.
The Structural and Optical Characterization of PbTeO Semiconductor Thin FilmF. Meydaneri Tezel*, I. A. Kariper**, * Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Karabük University,78050, Karabük, Turkey;, ** Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, [email protected]
In this study, PbTeO semiconductor thin film has been produced by Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) method onto glass substrates keeping 3 h at a bath temperature of 50 °C. The surface of the film was investigated with SEM. The structural properties of the thin film were analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD). The optical band gap (Eg), optical transmission (T %), reflectivity (R %), absorption coefficient (α), refraction index (n), extinction coefficient (k), dielectric constant (ɛ) of the thin film were investigated depending on deposition time and solution temperature by UV-VIS. The film thickness was measured with AFM (tapping mode). The absorption coefficient (α) was used to calculate the optical and electrical conductivities σopt and σe.
127
poster
Optical Metrology and Sensing
128
poster
Poster
P6
P7
Optimizing the Absorption Capability of a microbolometer Pixel’s Active ElementC. Bolakis*, I. S. Karanasiou*, D. Grbovic**, G. Karunasiri**, N. Uzunoglu*, * School of electrical and computer engineering of the National Technical University of Athens; ** Department of Physics of the Naval Postgraduate School of [email protected]
A new approach for efficient detection of a wide frequency spectrum of radiation is proposed. A double-layered absorber consisting of a 32 nm thick aluminum (Al) thin film, located on a glass medium (SiO2) of 1 mm thickness, was fabricated and used to design a fine-tuned absorber through a theoretical and finite element modeling process. After optimization processing, the results indicated that the proposed low-cost, double-layered absorber can be tuned based on the metal layer sheet resistance and the thickness of various poly-si media taking advantage of the diversity of the absorption of the metal films in the THz domain (6 to 10 THz). It was found that the composite high TCR absorber could absorb up to 96% (a percentage far exceeding the 50% and previously shown to be the highest achievable when using single thin metal layer) and reflect less than 1% of the incident THz illumination. This approach is making the proposed double-layered absorber a good candidate for a microbolometer pixel’s active element.
Characterisation of a Predictable Quantum Efficient Detector and Application for a Direct Calibration of a Reference PhotometerK. Salffner*, S. Nevas*, * Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, [email protected]
A predictable quantum efficient detector (PQED) based on induced-junction silicon photodiodes has been developed lately which can be used as a novel primary standard for optical power, thus, providing an alternative to cryogenic radiometers. Modeling and characterisation at a set of selected wavelengths have shown that the spectral responsivity of a PQED operated at room temperature (RT-PQED) can be predicted with an uncertainty at the level of 100 ppm. The implementation of the RT-PQED as a primary standard for radiometry, though, requires experimental validation by characterising its performance with respect to the relevant characteristics over the whole spectral range of applications. We present measurements investigating the angular, polarisation and bandwidth dependences of the RT-PQED. Moreover, the spectral irradiance responsivity of a reference photometer will be determined by a direct calibration against the RT-PQED using a wavelength tunable laser setup at PTB. The results are compared to those obtained via a conventional traceability route using a state-of-the-art transfer standard detector which is traceable to a cryogenic radiometer.
129
poster
Optical Metrology and Sensing
POSTER
130
poster
Poster
P8
P9
Simulative determination of the wavefront uncertainty of PTB’s Sphere Interferometer IIT. Mai, G. Bartl, A. Nicolaus, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, [email protected]
For redefining the SI-unit kilogram preconditions have to be fulfilled by the contributing experiments. At the moment the most challenging of these is the need of relative measurement uncertainties below 2 x 10^-8. For the X-Ray-Crystal-Density-Method this uncertainty is currently already exhausted by the volume measurement of the silicon spheres because of the conservative estimation of the influence of alignment deviations and surface and material errors. For improving the knowledge of this uncertainty source an optical ray tracing simulation and analysis software were developed. The sequential ray tracing calculates the ray paths from the multimode fiber to the camera surface and considers multiple reflections in the Fizeau-etalon and the measured topographies of the silicon spheres. The analysis software then calculates the interferograms on the camera regarding the coherence properties of the simulated raypaths. Additionally a Monte-Carlo-module for simulating the alignment process is implemented. The results show that the uncertainty from deviations of the real wavefronts from the optical design can be reduced from currently around 2 x 10^-8 to 7.5 x 10^-9 in the future.
Market study on the enabling technology of computer generated hologramsK. Lechner, T. Döhring, Faculty of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Aschaffenburg [email protected]
Modern optics depends on the precision and the quality of non-spherical optical elements such as aspherical lenses and free form shapes. Computer generated holograms are used in interferometric testing to enable the high-quality production of these optical elements. Today the production of computer generated holograms is mastered by a few manufacturers only, which are distributed around the globe. To provide users of such high-end interferometry with an overview on the corresponding market as well as with a list of potential suppliers, this study was raised at Aschaffenburg University of Applied Sciences. A table of commercial and institutional suppliers has been created, where the manufacturers are shortly described by their key abilities. Furthermore this paper classifies the suppliers through different properties of computer generated holograms, such as sizes and qualities of the used substrates. Finally an outlook on the future of this market is given to underline the importance of the enabling technology of computer generated holograms for the optical industry.
131
poster
Optical Metrology and Sensing
132
poster
Poster
P10
P11
Measuring the modulus of the spatial coherence function using an error tolerant phase shifting algorithmS. Rothau*, J. Schwider*, I. Harder**, * Institute for Optics, Photonics and Information, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, ** Max Planck Institute for the Science of [email protected]
Phase shifting interferometry allows for the precise determination of the phase in interference patterns. However, the accuracy of the measured phase is hampered by unstable measuring conditions, one of the main contributors to phase dependent errors are reference phase mis-calibrations or mechanical instabilities. It has been shown that a special averaging technique allows the elimination of linear mis-calibrations, and in a more general sense, also the elimination of the linear contribution to the error curve for the reference phase shifter.
We used a lateral shearing interferometer exploiting a diffractive grating wedge providing a linearly progressive shear for the measurement of a set of the intensities on the time axis for the determination of the modulus of the coherence function in order to avoid spatial neighborhood operations which means that we are able to measure the visibility pixelwise.
It will be discussed how the measured visibility can be freed from phase dependent variations across the fringe field down to errors of second order and we will show how the a posteriori correction of periodic artefacts enables high quality modulus measurements.
Experimental ray tracing for characterization of optical componentsD. Hilbig*, U. Ceyhan**, T. Binkele*, G. Gutierrez*, T. Henning*, F. Fleischmann*, D. Knipp***, * City University of Applied Sciences Bremen, ** ePholution GmbH Bremen, *** Jacobs University [email protected]
In the recent past, experimental ray tracing (ERT) proved to be an all round solution for the characterization of various optical components with respect to a wide range of properties. In most cases, a single measurement suffice to provide all parameters of interest. Being a real-liferealization of the light propagation model found in optical design tools, experimental ray tracingreadily offers all the analysis possibilities familiar to the optical designer. Using ERT, the same analysis performed on the design can also be conducted on the real object allowing for maximumcomparability between both production steps.With this talk, we summarize the latest developments around this technique achieved within our research group and demonstrate its versatile capabilities by various measurement examples, including determination of effective focal length and modulation transfer function from sphericaland aspherical lenses, power maps of progressive addition lenses, performance tests of secondary LED optics as well as surface retrieval of aspherical lenses from transmission test.
133
poster
Optical Metrology and Sensing
134
poster
Poster
P12
P13
Characterization of progressive addition lenses by measurement of the modulation transfer function using experimental ray tracingG. Gutiérrez, D. Hilbig, F. Fleischmann, T. Henning, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Bremen University of Applied [email protected]
Characterization of the optical properties of progressive addition lenses is not an easy task, mostly due to the strong change of the power and unwanted astigmatism, which depends on the viewing zone. Defining an appropriate figure of merit of a lens, independent of the subjectivity of test engineer has been a difficult task, but the modulation transfer function, perfectly fits this requirement as an widely accepted measurement of the performance of the lens which takes into account geometric and diffraction metrics regarding the contrast performance of the device under test against spatial frequency. Direct and indirect methods can be used to obtain the modulation transfer function of the optical system; in this work, it is calculated through the indirect method of calculating fast Fourier transform of the point spread function, which is obtained by calculating the wavefront error aberration function using experimental ray tracing. Real measurement data is compared to simulations using Zemax Opticstudio software.
Distance-dependent autocollimator errors: Experimental characterisation and ray trace modellingO. Kranz, R.D. Geckeler, A. Just, M. Krause, M. Schumann, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, [email protected]
Autocollimators are versatile optical devices for the contactless measurement of the inclination angles of reflecting surfaces. The distance between the autocollimator and the reflecting surface influences its angle response substantially. This is especially the case for autocollimators which are used in deflectometric profilometers for the precision form measurement of extended optical surfaces, such as beam-shaping synchrotron optics and FEL optics.At PTB, measurements have been performed to investigate the distance-dependent angle errors of an autocollimator experimentally. Additionally, a ray-tracing model of the autocollimator has been created in ZEMAX. In this contribution, we introduce the measurement set-up and the ray tracing model. We present the measurement results for various distances between 300 mm and 1800 mm and compare them to the results of the ray-tracing.
135
poster
Optical Metrology and Sensing
136
poster
Poster
P14
P15
Volumetric measurements in HiLo Microscopy based on adaptive lensesA. Smolarski, N. Koukourakis, K. Philipp, A. Fischer and J. Czarske, Professur für Mess- und Sensorsystemtechnik (MST), Fakultät Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Technische Universität [email protected]
HiLo microscopy uses a combination of images recorded with wide-field and speckled illumination to compute optically sectioned images. The achievable axial resolution is comparable to laser scanning confocal microscopy, but without the need for lateral scanning. Axial scanning is performed by mechanically moving the front-lens.In this contribution, we introduce a HiLo microscope where axial scanning is performed without mechanical motion. Instead, an electrically tunable lens is used in the illumination-path which enables three-dimensional image acquisition potentially much faster than the mechanical pendant. The performance of the microscope, like resolution and imaging rates, is characterized and the limitations are discussed. The measurement rate of the setup is primarily limited by the framerate of the camera. Hence, the use of an adaptive lens and a fast illumination switch (between uniform and structured illumination) enables to record a full-frame 3D image faster than a typical confocal microscope. First measurements of Zebrafish embryos proof the potential of our approach.
Application of adaptive lenses in confocal microscopyD. Schwensow, N. Koukourakis, K. Philipp, A. Fischer and J. Czarske, Professur für Mess- und Sensorsystemtechnik (MST), Fakultät Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Technische Universität [email protected]
Confocal microscopy (CM) is a powerful imaging technique that is widely used in life-sciences and surface analysis. The depth sectioning capability introduced by the pinhole based point-wise detection leads to suppression of out-of focus light, which is one reason for the success and wide usage of CM. But the point-wise nature requires scanning in three dimensions to obtain 3D information. Axial scans are commonly performed by mechanically translating either the samples or the objectives. This places a bottle-neck on the achievable scan-rate. The adaptive lens based approach of our confocal microscope with adaptive lenses (CAL) bears the potential to improve the axial scanning mechanism. Although the scan rates of common adaptive lenses are in the time scales of nowadays fastest mechanical scanners, the progress of adaptive lenses in terms of image quality and speed promises to enable fast axial scans at hundreds of kHz.In this contribution we analyze the performance of our current CAL system and discuss limitations of the CAL approach. We also show experimentally that the adaptive scans offer an increased flexibility. First measurements on Zebrafish embryos are presented.
137
poster
Optical Metrology and Sensing
138
poster
Poster
P16
P17
Computational imaging using low-order unimorph deformable mirrorJ. Pribošek*, S. Sinzinger**, J. Diaci*, *University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering; **Technical University Ilmenau, Fachgebiet Technische [email protected]
We present the integration of a low-order unimorph deformable mirror into an optical system for reconfigurable high-speed imaging and metrology. With the deformable mirror it is possible to precisely control four Zernike aberrations: tip, tilt, defocus and astigmatism. In conjunction with a high speed camera and a dedicated optical system, the deformable mirror opens a flexible way to change the optical transfer function as required for computational imaging applications. In the presented work, a wide range of applications is reviewed and various different optical arrangements are discussed. A prototype version of the reconfigura-ble optical system has been developed and built. We present the preliminary acquisition of image data with adaptive optical transfer function.
Optical mouse sensor used to predict mechanical damages in the rotation parts of an electrical motorD. Aranha*, D. Marques*, A.L. Vaz*, R.A. Braga*, D.A. Pereira*, Centre for Development of Applied Instrumentation, Engineering Department, Federal University of Lavras [email protected]
The built-in digital signal processor in a optical mouse is a reliable tool to measure the movements in a plane, by means of fast correlation between images. The additional adoption of a laser mouse as a sensor of movements such as the pumping of a radial artery of a human being is known, and its contactless ability can be useful in other applications. This work aimed to prove the feasibility of this adapted device to predict mechanical damages in electrical motors. The electrical motor was illuminated by a laser beam when it was working with and without the introduced problem in his bearings, with the adapted optical mouse working as a sensor. The built-in laser source was disabled and the mouse was connected to a computer with a particular software to assemble the signal. The setup was adjusted and the best position of the equipments with respect to the motor identified. Many replications of the assembled data were processed and the results presented the reliability of the method to separate the electrical motor with damaged bearings from the motor with new bearings, proving that the DSP device is able to measure besides movements, but also periodic phenomena.
139
poster
Optical Metrology and Sensing
140
poster
Poster
P18
P19
Application of radial basis functions for the surface reconstruction using deflectometryA. Alinoori*, D. Hilbig*, F. Fleischmann*, T. Henning*, W. Lang**, * Faculty of Electrical, Engineering and Computer Science, Bremen University of Applied Sciences; ** Institute for microsensors, -actuators and -systems, University of [email protected]
Deflectometric methods have been employed for the topography measurement of specular surfaces, and when it comes to the final stage different approaches have been investigated to interpolate through the global shape to obtain a smooth object within an optimised local precision. To this end radial basis functions have been incorporated resulting an integration approach using Hermite-Birkhoff interpolation.In this paper we have focused on the effect of the width of the radial basis functions and a so called Expectation Maximization approach is followed to optimise the results which are then compared using Zemax simulations. As the results show this method will help improving the errors of the shape reconstruction by choosing a proper width for the basis function which are being used.
Optical Glass – Standards: Present state and outlookP. Hartmann, SCHOTT [email protected]
Three parts of the standard ISO10110 specifying indications in drawings of optical elements cover material properties: part 2 (stress birefringence), 3 (bubbles and inclusions) and 4 (inhomogeneity and striae). Buying optical raw glass using element drawings leads to uncertainty, over-specification and delivery problems. A new part 18 of ISO 10110 is under preparation and is meant to be in harmony with the raw glass standard ISO12123 and to replace parts 2 to 4. The draft ISO/WD10110 part 18 extends indication possibilities to allow relating to ISO12123 while ensuring backward compatibility. Default optical glass quality and direct specification of raw glass simplify tolerancing considerably. Annexes support selection of appropriate quality classes referring to optical elements size categories.ISO12123 itself will be amended by introducing definitions for relative partial dispersions and reference normal lines and grade denominations for tolerance ranges. Test and inspection standards on chemical resistances, hardness, stress birefringence and optical homogeneity will be maintained. Standards for water resistance, refractive index and striae inspection are being prepared.
141
poster
Optical Metrology and Sensing
142
poster
Poster
P20
P21
Realization of a shearing interferometer with LED multipoint illumination for form characterization of opticsJ.-H. Hagemann*, G. Ehret*, R. Bergmann**, C. Falldorf**, * Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt; ** Bremer Institut für angewandte [email protected]
Within a Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) joint project between PTB and BIAS, a new approach to interferometric form measurement based on shearing interferometry with low coherence light is investigated. Since shear interferometry only requires the coherence of field amplitudes at positions separated by the shear, it permits multibeam LED illumination. Artefacts due to the coherent amplification of parasitic reflections are significantly reduced by using partially coherent light. We make use of a multi-spot light source which comprises an LED coupled into seven fibres that can be individually adapted to the specimen. Each light source yields an interferometric pattern at the camera section. The individual patterns are combined into an overall pattern. This method secures optimal illumination and well resolvable data all over the measurement area. A high degree of flexibility in surface form measurement can be reached by applying the required number of illumination spots with individual orientation. A realization of a shearing interferometer in combination with sevenfold LED point illumination and corresponding experiments measuring the form of optics will be shown.
Wear process monitoring of thermal spray coatings and surface topography analysis using confocal laser scanning microscopyY. Zou, M. Kaestner, E. Reithmeier, Institute of Measurement and Automatic Control, Leibniz University of [email protected]
In this article, the wear properties of a new generation of HVOF thermal spray coatings are investigated by analyzing the change of the surface topography before-and after the wear tests. The measurement of the surface topography is realized by an optical metrology method using a confocal laser scanning microscope. Firstly, the specific experimental setup is introduced for the purpose of conducting a reproducible data acquisition, which enables the precise relocation of the same specimen for the measurement after wear tests. Afterwards, a comprehensive surface topography study by extracting the key parameters such as roughness parameters, surface features and fractal dimension is conducted both for the original surfaces and worn surfaces. Finally, the correlations between the setups like load, wear speed, wear duration etc. of the tribometer and topographical variations after wear tests are presented.
143
poster
Optical Metrology and Sensing
144
poster
Poster
P22
P23
Calibration of multiple light stripe sensors to create a multi-sensor system for the 3D measurement of complex macro geometriesW. Gorschenew, M. Kästner, E. Reithmeier, Institute of Measurement and Automatic Control, Leibniz Universität [email protected]
3D measurements are especially needed for quality assurance. For simple geometries one sensor is often sufficient to detect whether an element is defect or not. However, with increasing dimensions and complexity of a measuring object, multiple sensors (at least two) are required to achieve a higher measuring volume and to avoid undercuts in order to measure an object in a prescribed time. The to be developed multi-sensor system of this research project is composed of seven light stripe sensors, mounted on a portal-shaped construction. While measuring the portal moves along the object and is subjected to oscilla-tions. To get the pose of the measuring system, a rotating retroreflector and a laser tracker are also included in the system. The used light stripe sensors provide scan rates up to 5000 Hz at micron-level precision with a high measurement range. Due to their high depth of field, strongly curved structures can be measured without the impact of blurring which can cause adverse effects on the measuring results. The concept of the to be developed measuring system and the first step, the calibration of the laser stripe sensors to each other, will be presented.
Fiber-optic interference fringe projection for 3D measurementS. Pulwer*, P. Steglich*, C. Villringer*, Dr. J. Bauer*, T. Reusch*, Prof. Dr. S. Schrader*, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Technical University of Applied Sciences [email protected]
This work presents experimental and simulation results of a 3D measurement concept based on fiber-optic interference fringe projection. A demonstrator system which is able to adjust different optical and mechanical parameters like polarisation angle, wavelength, triangulation angle and the distance between the fibers is described. The results of parameter variation studies are discussed along with possible applications in the field of micro-optical 3D measurement systems like borescopes. The optical properties of the measured object show a significant influence on the measurement results. To get a reliable accuracy of 3D monitoring, the surface needs to exhibit a Lambertian scattering behaviour with low correla-tion length. Therefore, the experiments were prepared with different structures in a dimension range from 40 µm to 400 µm with various scattering properties. The analysis of the obtained results demonstrates the practical limitations of a triangulation based measurement system based on fiber–optic interference fringe projection. These limitations are strongly connected to the surface correlation length and roughness.
145
poster
Optical Metrology and Sensing
146
poster
Poster
P24
P25
P26
Optical properties of rigid borescopes for measurement purposes under gravitational influencesJ. Schlobohm, A. Pösch, E. Reithmeier, Institut für Mess- und Regelungstechnik, Leibniz Universität [email protected]
While rigid borescopes are widely used for the inspection of industrial machinery, there are not many applications where borescope are used to acquire 3D shape information. When using borescopes, bending due to gravitation has multiple effects on the images acquired: The tip will be displaced and rotated distortion will alter the images. This article discusses the use of a borescope for image projection of a compact fringe projection system and the effects of gravitation on the borescope. The bending and distortion was simulated, measured and quantified. Additional means of compensation will be presented.
Limits of Brewster ImagingG.J.H. Doblado*, N. Hermosa*, *National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines [email protected]
We explore the limits of Brewster imaging that may open up other possible applications of the technique. Brewster imaging is one of the most widely used imaging tool in the study of monolayer of supramolecular systems at water-air interface. Here, we study some factors that may inhibit the use of this technique for other surfaces such as in thin dielectric and metallic oxide films on dielectric substrate. We show that the Brewster imaging have a definite working region to have a unique thickness value as expected, but we notice that the substrate’s index of refraction has little effect on this range. We also determine the theoretical minimum thickness that can be detected based on the signal-to-noise ratio.
Latest results on fluorescence in optical filter glassS. Reichel*, **, R. Biertümpfel*, A. Engel*, * SCHOTT AG, Advanced Optics, D-55122 Mainz, Germany; ** Hochschule Darmstadt, D-64295 Darmstadt, [email protected]
Optical filter glasses are for example used in spectroscopy for light separation. For a good signal-to-noise ratio, the self-fluorescence of optical filter glass should be low. Different optical filter glasses are available for such an application: bandpass filters or longpass filters from UV to near IR light.We will present a measurement set-up for fluorescence measurements. Afterwards results for different optical filter glasses at 365 nm and 488 nm excitation will be shown. Besides other factors, fluorescence depends on impurities of the raw material of the glass which can slightly fluctuate resulting in different fluorescence levels for different melting campaigns. Thus, results for different melting campaigns will be shown. In addition fluorescence quantum efficiency (FQE) measurements for different filter glass types will be presented for the first time allowing an estimation of the fluorescence light level. With the help of FQE a ranking of filter glasses with respect of fluorescence level will be shown.This will enable users to estimate the amount of fluorescence depending on different filter glass types and different melting campaigns.
147
poster
Optical Metrology and Sensing
148
poster
Improved method for optical linewidth measurementsM. Wurm, D. Bergmann, E. Buhr, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, [email protected]
PTB offers an optical linewidth (CD) measurement service for micro and sub-micro structures. This well-established service makes use of a metrological UV-microscope to measure cross-section light intensity profiles. They are analyzed with a threshold method, where the lines’ edge positions are derived from the expected light intensity level (threshold) at the lines’ edge position in a simulated profile. The method is simple and easily applicable. However, it does not exploit the whole available information since only a small part of the measured profile data is analyzed. In addition it assumes that the focusing is perfect. Both issues are limiting the achievable measurement uncertainty. With a new method we overcome these limitations. Now the full profile data of all measurement scans recorded with varying focus are analyzed. This is accomplished by a parallel least-squares fitting routine with free focus position parameter for each scan and with common geometry parameters for all scans. Due to the rigorous image calculation the computational costs are quite high, but the statistical noise and a systematical error influence can be reduced so that a lower uncertainty can be offered.
Calibration of Si-SPAD detectors using the double attenuator technique and a low noise silicon photodiodeM. López*, G. Porrovecchio**, H. Hofer*, B. Rodiek*, M. Smid**, S. Kück*, * Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany, ** Cesky Metrologicky Institut (CMI), V Botanice 4, 15072 Praha 5, Czech [email protected]
Silicon single-photon avalanche diodes (Si-SPADs) are today the most frequently devices used for measuring ultra-weak optical flux in many quantum technology fields. Here the determination of the detection efficiency is a key parameter that has to be accurately known for achieving reliable measurements. At PTB the detection efficiency of Si-SPADs is determined by using the double attenuator technique, which uses a calibrated standard detector traceable to the primary standard. However, an alternative way to calibrate Si-SPADs is by direct comparison against a low optical flux transfer detector (LOFT-Detector). Such a calibration was recently carried out at PTB and compared to the one using the double attenu-ator technique. The calibration was carried out at a wavelength of 770 nm and at different optical power levels from 90 fW to 13 pW. The mean relative deviation of the detection efficiency determined by the LOFT-Detector and the double attenuator technique was < 1 %, thus within the combined standard uncertainty of the two measurements. Details of the setup and the calibration procedure will be discussed at the conference.
Poster
P27
P28
149
poster
Optical Metrology and Sensing
150
poster
Poster
P29
P30
Model-based calibration of an adaptive interferometric setupA. Bielke, G. Baer, C. Pruss, W. Osten, Institut für Technische Optik, Universität Stuttgart [email protected]
The measurement of aspheres and freeform surfaces is one of the main challenges in production control. Amongst others, interferometry provides a high accuracy at specular surfaces. To measure aspherical lenses, it is necessary to adapt or partially adapt the wavefront to the surface under test.Recently, we have proposed a non-null interferometric setup with two diffractive elements for this purpose (DGaO, A23, 2014). By shifting these two elements in both lateral directions, the combination of their phases results in a linear respectively quadratic dependency. This yields a variable defocus and astigmatism and can adapt the wavefront to constant focus plane.To use this system for measurements, the main challenge is its calibration.While different defocus positions can be calibrated by standard methods like three positon test or random ball test, the astigmatism must be handled as a non-null system. Therefore we use a black box model recently introduced for the tilted wave interferometer of our institute. To reach calibration data, we solve an inverse problem deduced by a black box model of the illumination and imaging optics separately.We will present the functionality of this calibration and some simulation results.
Shearing interferometry and structured illumination for the depth-resolved detection of fluorescent lightJ. Schindler, N. Brodhag, P. Schau, K. Frenner, W. Osten, Institut für Technische Optik, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 9, 70569 Stuttgart [email protected] strong scattering in biological tissue is one of the main challenges for optical methods for in-vivo diagnostics. Using fluorescent markers allows the suppression of scattered excitation light. This work presents a shearing microscope for the depth-resolved detection of fluorescent light. A combination of a structured illumination restricting the excitation volume on a coarse scale with a lateral shearing interferometer for the detection is used. The structured illumination is realized with a Sagnac interferometer coupled to a conventional fluorescence microscope. A Michelson interferometer with one of its mirrors tilted provides the lateral shear. This setup allows the reconstruction of the phase of the emitted wave fronts in spite of the short temporal coherence and the lack of spatial coherence. The depth information can be obtained from the curvature of the interferometrically reconstructed wave front.This poster shows first measurements at phantoms with scattering properties comparable to dental enamel proving the feasibility of the method.
151
poster
Optical Metrology and Sensing
152
poster
Poster
P31
P32
Iterative phase retrieval imaging based on alternating wavefront curvatureD. Claus, J. Thiem, G. Pedrini, W. Osten, Institut für Technische Optik, Universität Stuttgart [email protected]
The key to phase retrieval imaging is the recording of the same information on multiple speckle de-correlated patterns. Various techniques have been developed based on this principle such as alternating recording distance, alternating wavelength and alternating illumination pattern. Here we discuss a novel phase retrieval technique, where diffraction patterns with varying illumination-source object distance are recorded. This has the same effect as changing the object sensor distance, with the advantage of not having to sacrifice resolution. Moreover, a mismatch of information as caused by dispersion effects when employing different wavelengths is avoided.These claims are confirmed via an experiment on a USAF test target and the usefulness of its quantitative phase imaging capability is demonstrated for tissue discrimination.
Characterisation of nitrogen-vacancy based single-photon sourcesB. Rodiek*, M. A. López*, H. Hofer*, S. Kück*, X.-L. Chu**, S. Götzinger**, *Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig; **Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 [email protected]
Nowadays single-photon sources play an important role in quantum metrology. For radiometric applications, e.g. the calibration of single photon detectors, a high photon rate and a low background emission as well as a low multi-photon emission is required. Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) based colour centres in nanodiamonds are one possible way to realize efficient single photon sources and they are promising candidates for standard sources in radiometry. At PTB, these sources are characterised with a confocal microscope setup in terms of photon rate, spectral distribution of the emission, photon rate stability and anti-bunching behaviour (g2(τ)), which is a measure for the purity of the single photon emission. We observed a count rate of about 420 kcounts per second at the detector with a high single photon emission purity, displayed by a g2(0)-value as low as 0.05. Details and further results will be presented at the conference.
153
poster
Optical Metrology and Sensing
Applied Laser Technologies
154
poster
Poster
P33
P34
Self-healing of Bessel beamsB. Merklein*, A. Aiello**, N. Lindlein*, *MAOT and Institut für Optik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; **Max-Planck-Institut für die Physik des Lichts, [email protected]
The electric field of ideal Bessel beams is proportional to the zeroth order Bessel function and their intensity profile is unaltered by propagation in free space. Furthermore, these beams can reconstruct themselves after being disturbed by an obstruction, which is referred to as “self-healing-effect”. In the laboratory we can generate approximations of ideal Bessel beams, which have approximately the same properties along a finite range. Due to the self-healing effect, the beams are advantageous for micro drilling of (transparent) materials, or for optical tweezing, for example.For investigating this self-healing effect in further detail, a set-up was built, which visualizes the reconstruction of the beam. It allows capturing images of the beam along variable distances behind an obstruction and in this way, the whole self-healing process can be reproduced. The measurements are in good agreement with numerical simulations and the results allow a better understanding and assessment of the self-healing properties of Bessel-beams in practical applications.
Laser welding of glass components with glass fibers as a connecting material L. Pohl, P. von Witzendorff, O. Suttmann, L. Overmeyer, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V. [email protected]
Welding of non-rotational glass components requires filler material for gap bridging between the joining partners. The following work presents the investigation on glass welding using glass fibers as a welding wire in combination with a temperature controlled laser process. The goal of the study was to prove the feasibility of the laser welding process and to identify the process window. In order to join complex fused silica parts, a CO2 laser heats up the glass components as well as the glass fiber. Essential for the welded glass component is the through-weld, which ensures the stability and transparency. During the welding process, pores might be enclosed in the joint zone, which should be prevented as far as possible.The study investigates the influence of different process parameters, such as the defined welding temperature, laser focal spot size, wire feed rate and feed rate, on the welding outcome. In addition, the influence of the fiber coating on the material composition in the joint zone was examined.Compared to the manual process, laser welding with glass fiber as a filling material leads to a highly reproducible process enabling a high automation level.
155
poster
Applied Laser Technologies
156
poster
Poster
P35
P36
Laser power scaling and beam quality improvement with a tapered rod amplifierY. Zhu, T. Eschrich, M. Leich, S. Grimm, J. Kobelke, H. Bartelt, M. Jäger, Leibniz Institute of Photonic [email protected]
In order to achieve an improved beam quality at high laser power in an optical amplification setup we investigated the effect of tapering a large mode area, Yb3+-doped all-solid double-clad fiber. The fiber with a 56μm core and a 460μm pump cladding was fabricated by the powder sintering technology (Repusil) to achieve a homogeneous step index profile. A 0.6m non-tapered fiber and a 0.45m tapered fiber were tested in a three-stage ns-pulsed fiber master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) system. With the non-tapered fiber, we achieved amplified pulses with 540kW peak power and 1.4mJ pulse energy. The beam quality (M2) is about 10. In order to improve the beam quality, the fiber was tapered down to single-mode size and spliced to the MOPA system for seed coupling to maintain most seed power in fundamental mode without exciting much higher order modes. The results show that the beam quality (M2) was improved to 4. Both amplifier fibers showed relative low stimulated Raman scattering and amplified spontaneous emission. In summary, we demonstrated that local adiabatic tapers for seed coupling can improve the beam quality roughly by a factor of 2.5.
Small-angle deflectometry with coherent and incoherent illuminationG. Ehret, S. Quabis, M. Schulz, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, [email protected]
Deflectometry systems can be divided into large-angle deflectometry and small-angle deflectometry. Large-angle deflectometry systems can measure complex mirror geometries with reproducibilities of a few ten nanometres. Small-angle deflectometry systems measure the form of slightly curved surfaces, e.g. for synchrotrons or free-electron laser mirrors, with nanometre or even sub-nm accuracies. The height resolution of deflectrometric systems depends on the angle sensitivity of the sensor. Theoretically, there is no limit to this sensitivity, but in practice there are limitations due to the discretisation of the image sensor, pixel size, readout noise as well as the size of the image spot and the total image size. Coherent illumination, e.g. by lasers, offers the possibility of high radiance which enables short integration times. The disadvantage is that coherent illumination leads to speckle noise. Incoherent illumination such as LED illumination avoids speckle noise, but enables only a low radiance for apertures smaller than 1 mm. Small-angle deflectometric flatness measurements with coherent and incoherent light sources with sub-mm lateral resolution are performed and compared.
157
poster
Applied Laser Technologies
158
poster
Determination of the mutual modal degree of coherence for optical fiber modesR. Brüning, M. Duparré, R. Kowarschik, Institute of Applied Optics, Friedrich Schiller University [email protected]
The representation of light beams in terms of their eigenfunctions, the so called modes, reduces the description of the full field information into a discrete set of modal coefficients, which enables the complete reconstruction of arbitrary beams by means of mutual modal interference. Particularly for optical fibers this approach is feasible due to the finite number of guided modes. In general the knowledge of the mode resolved power spectrum, intermodal phase differences and mutual degree of coherence is required to describe arbitrary modal superposition. In this work we present an all optical analysis scheme based on holographic correlation filters, which enables the modal resolved determination of all needed parameters. This technique can be applied to describe the general case of partial-coherent superposition in optical fibers compared with common modal decomposition strategies, which are restricted to complete coherent or incoherent superposition. In addition due to the modal dispersion and a resulting loss of coherence during fiber propagation the evaluation of the modal degree of coherence was used to determine the effective refractive index difference of the guided modes.
Aptamer modified low-cost fibre optic surface plasmon resonance sensorK. Bremer*, J.-G. Walter**, B. Roth*, * Hanover Centre for Optical Technologies (HOT), Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany, ** Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, [email protected]
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is known as the gold-standard for label-free biosensors that can be used to monitor analytes via highly sensitive changes of the refractive index. However, due to their size and cost, SPR-based biosensors have only been applied in lab environments to date. In order to overcome this limitation we present a low-cost aptamer-modified fiber optic SPR sensor. Aptamers exhibit long-term stability, pH- and temperature-resistance, and cost-effective synthesis. Consequently, the sensor system can be applied as a robust and cost-effective sensor for in-field use. The fiber optic SPR sensor has been realized by using a 400 µm plastic cladded silica glass fibre and an easy-to-implement silver coating technique. The silver coating was modified with aptamers directed against ethanola-min (EA) as a model system. The aptamer was hybridized with a complementary oligonucleo-tide, which was released in the presence of EA. Thus, the sensor allows the detection of small molecules, which are otherwise hard to detect via SPR. By application of other aptamers the concept can be easily transferred to the detection of other analytes.
Poster
P37
P38
159
poster
Applied Laser Technologies
Biophotonics
160
poster
Poster
P39
P40
Towards multimodal melanoma depth determination with Optoacoustics and Optical Coherence Tomography, E. Blumenröther*, A. Varkentin*, M. Wollweber*, B. Roth*, * Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, [email protected]
The depth of a melanoma lesion is one of the most important factors in determining the tumor stage. Currently a depth measurement is only possible by analyzing the histology after surgical excision. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Optoacoustics (OA) are well suited techniques for research on biological tissue and can provide depth information of tissue substructures depending on their respective contrast mechanism. OCT shows the distribution of scattering structures. Within the first millimeter, it provides tomograms with a resolution of a few microns. Complementary, OA measures the distribution of absorbers within a depth of up to several centimeters. To facilitate the combination of the two modalities, we developed an OA detector which is transparent in the wavelength range used by our OCT. This way, the two modalities can measure simultaneously at the same position without affecting one another. While the customized OCT system detects changes in the scattering properties, the self-build OA system measures the pressure waves resulting from the absorption profile. Here, we present our multimodal OA-OCT measurements of layered samples.
Detection and simulation of optoacoustic signals generated in layered tissuesO. Melchert, E. Blumenroether, M. Rahlves, M. Wollweber, B. Roth, Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, [email protected]
The absorption of electromagnetic waves by media induces a spatial pressure distribution, proportional to the density of the deposited energy, followed by thermoelastic expansion and emission of acoustic waves. Assuming instantaneous energy deposition, the resulting mathematical problem is governed by an inhomogeneous wave equation featuring an optoa-coustic source term. Here, we consider optically inhomogeneous, i.e. layered media, where scattering is effectively negligible and the absorbed energy density follows Beer-Lambert’s law, i.e. is characterized by an exponential decay within the layers and discontinuities at interfaces. We complement test experiments on samples where the material properties are known a priori, with numerical simulations based on solving the optoacoustic wave equation, tailored to suit our experimental setup.Experimentally we characterize the acoustic signal observed by a piezoelectric detector in the acoustic far-field in backward mode and we discuss the implication of acoustic diffraction on our measurements as well as possibilities to retrieve the absorption coefficient from measure-ments in the forward mode.
161
poster
Biophotonics
162
poster
Poster
P41
P42
Square and hexagonal shaped hollow-core optical fibers – Novel design varia-tions for antiresonant sensor waveguidesJ. Bierlich, J. Kobelke, A. Hartung, A. Schwuchow, K. Schuster, T. Frosch, M. A. Schmidt, Leibniz-IPHT – Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, [email protected]
Large-mode optical glass fibers with hollow-core structures are promising candidates for various chemical analytical applications, e. g. UV-VIS-NIR absorption or RAMAN scattering spectroscopy. We report on design and manufacturing of new types of polygonal shaped hollow-core fibers based on antiresonant fiber concepts. In contrast to typical photonic band gap fibers these fibers are characterized by large hollow cores with about 30 µm cross section, which can be easily filled with gaseous and liquid analytes. A further advantage of the fiber design concept is its simple structure, characterized by a minimum of web bridges. We demonstrate two fiber types with square and hexagonal hollow core. In addition, we discuss correlation effects between preparation aspects (e.g. thinness and homogeneity of bridges) und optical behavior (spectral loss, spectral position of antiresonant light guiding bands, etc.).The novel fibers exhibit effective single-mode operation in several transmission bands from the near infrared to the deep UV-range with minimum attenuations of about 2 dB/m.
Light-induced artificial blood vessels for investigating cardiovascular systemsP. Sprick*, R. Meissner* and C. Denz*, * Institute of Applied Physics, University of Muenster [email protected]
Flow properties of blood play a significant role in the cardiovascular systems containing arteries, veins and capillaries. Changes of these flow properties lead to abnormal tissue diffusion and thus to problems in, e.g., oxygen transport. Deeper understanding of the way flow is developed in these vessels is thus key to the understanding of many diseases and of high relevance for biomedical research.We have developed a highly flexible PDMS work station that offers the possibility to model different in vivo geometries for in vitro studies. Since PDMS is a low cost, bio-compatible, and transparent polymer, it is well suited for lab-on-a-chip applications. In addition to modelling vascular geometries, blood properties have to be modelled as well. Blood-like suspensions as well as the impact of the Fåhræus–Lindqvist effect are considered.With a combination of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Particle Tracking Algorithms (PTA) flow profiles within these models are analyzed and discussed. Furthermore, we explore the combination of these technologies with holographic optical tweezers (HOT) to determine forces acting on flow tracers.
163
poster
Biophotonics
164
poster
Poster
P43
P44
Ultra-short pulse laser surface microstructuring for biomedical applicationsE. Fadeeva and B. N. Chichkov, Nanotechnology Department, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hollerithallee 8, 30419 Hannover, [email protected]
Surface texture is one of the key factors which determinates the initial integration and long-term success of medical implants. On the one hand, many important surface characte-ristics like wetting, tribology, etc. can be systematically improved by microstructuring. On the other hand, initial adhesion of tissue cells and bacteria to the surface of alloplastic material can be promoted or inhibited by using appropriate microstructured surfaces. While for an effective control of tissue cells structures with the geometrical dimensions in the range of several tens of micrometres and larger are sufficient, structures with the geometrical dimensions in the range of few micrometres and smaller are required for fabrication of anti-bacterial surfaces. In this presentation an overview of the structures in micro- and sub-micrometer range, generated by ultra-short pulse laser ablation, and study of their impact on tissue cells and bacteria will be presented.
An easy and cheap way to use smartphones as a microscopeC. C. Reichert, A. M. Herkommer, Institut für Technische Optik, Universität [email protected]
The evidence of widespread diseases (e.g. Malaria) requires microscopic examination and evaluation by health care professionals. We investigated easy and cheap ways to combine a smartphone with an optical head to take microscopic pictures. With this approach we achieved a resolution of around 360 line pairs per mm. Furthermore, we built an optical system which allows to use the smartphone as a phase contrast microscope. Moreover we created a setup to record a digital hologram. With these approaches it is possible to examine amplitude and phase objects. The optics mount is designed to be printed with a 3D-printer. The microscope is small and can be transported easily.Smartphone are all-around in developing countries. With the approaches mentioned above smartphones combined with a low cost optical head can improve global health care. Another field of application for such a smartphone microscope is the biology class or the university teaching. In this talk we present the optical design and the mechanical construction to use smartphones as a microscope for diagnostic purposes.
165
poster
Biophotonics
166
poster
Poster
P45
P46
Low-cost fabrication of all-polymer planar optical waveguidesM. Rezem*, A. Günther*, M. Rahlves*, B. Roth*, E. Reithmeier**, * Hannoversches Zentrum für optische Technologien, Leibniz Universität Hannover; ** Institut für Mess- und Regelungs-technik, Leibniz Universität [email protected]
Compared to inorganic counterparts, polymer based micro-optical devices show great promise due to their low material and fabrication costs. In this work, we present our recent results in the fabrication of all-polymer optical waveguides on thin polymer foils, which represent the building block of planar micro-optical devices. We discuss the low-cost fabrication process, which is based on hot embossing and doctor blading and can be converted to a roll-to-roll process. We use these techniques to fabricate so-called channel waveguides, which can be buried in thermoplastic or placed on the device surface, thus enabling an interaction between the waveguides and their environment. We investigate the use of different polymer materials and characterize their optical propagation losses. Furthermore, we discuss the fabrication of multilayer optical waveguides based on thermal and adhesive bonding. Finally, we describe possible applications of the fabricated planar waveguides in the field of optical sensing and discuss the next steps of our work.
Ink-jet printed Optical Taper Structures for Planar Optronic SystemsP. Bollgrün*, T. Wolfer**, D. Mager***, L. Overmeyer**, J. G. Korvink***, *Institut für Mikrosystemtechnik, Universität Freiburg; **Institut für Transport- und Automatisierungstechnik, Leibniz Universität Hannover; ***Institut für Mikrostrukturtechnik, Karlsruher Institut für [email protected]
Planar optronic systems promise to be a feasible alternative for well-established electronic systems, as they are potentially faster, more robust, cheaper, and lighter. While the waveguides that guide the optical signal from one element to another are fabricated by flexographic printing, this manufacturing technique is unable to print on raised structures like laser diodes or photodetectors. For such a situation, a contactless deposition method like ink-jet printing is required.
We used a Dimatix DMP 2831 laboratory printer to investigate the effect of several process parameters on morphology and functionality of optical taper structures between flexographi-cally printed waveguides and 650 nm laser diode chips on PMMA foil. Two UV-curable inks were investigated, an in-house developed acrylate-based monomer, and Ink Epo, a commer-cially available, epoxy based ink. The shape of the taper structures can be controlled through substrate temperature and deposited ink volume, while plasma treatment caused the ink to encase the complete chip.
167
poster
Polymer Optics and Photonics
168
poster
Poster
P47
P48
Volume transmission and reflection holograms in the high-concentrated compo-site of phenanthrenequinone in polymethylmethacrylateE. Tolstik*, **, S. Nazarau*, ***, A.Trofimova***, U. Mahilny***, R. Kowarschik****, A. Tolstik*** and R. Heintzmann*, **, * Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany, ** Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Lessingstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany, *** Physical Department of Belarusian State University, Nezavisimosti av. 4, 220030 Minsk, Belarus, **** Institute of Applied Optics, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Fröbelstieg 1, 07743 Jena, [email protected]
A comparative experimental study of the recording of volume phase transmission and reflection holograms in the layers of polymethylmethacrylate containing 2-3 mol.% of phenanthrenequinone has been performed. The angular and spectral selectivities of the holograms depending on the recording conditions have been analyzed. It has been demons-trated that due to high concentration of photosensitive molecules and the ability of post- exposure thermal amplification of the holograms, a diffraction efficiency up to 80% even with a small thickness of polymeric layers (~100 µm) can be achieved. After thermal amplification the holograms were fixed by irradiation in the spectral range of 450-500 nm in order to acquire their stability against heating, visible and IR radiations. Thereby, it was demonstrated that by applying relatively thin photopolymeric layers with high concentrations of phenanthrenequi-none high diffraction efficiency at a fairly low angular selectivity can be achieved, thus offering a significant optical efficiency of polymeric holographic elements.
Reactive lamination of thermoplastic materials with thermosetsR. Rother*, A.-K. Schuler**, O. Prucker**, H. Reinecke*, J. Rühe**, C. Müller*, * Laboratory for Process Technology, ** Laboratory for Chemistry and Physics of Interfaces, Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of [email protected]
To generate an optical sensor foil, optical devices need to be integrated in a substrate foil. To ensure that those optical devices do not lose their shape and with it their function during the thermal treatment of the final assembly process, it is of high interest to use combinations of thermoplastic materials and thermosets. However, incompatibility is often observed between thermosets and thermoplastic materials, meaning they cannot be connected by standard processes like conventional lamination. We developed a reactive lamination process that is capable of connecting incompatible thermoplastic materials like PMMA and Cyclo Olefin Copolymer (COC). In this work, we investigate the potential of the reactive lamination process with regard to thermoplastic materials and thermosets. PMMA and COC as important high quality thermoplastic materials are connected with different thermosets like epoxy polymers and polyimide materials and the tensile stress capacity of the reactive laminates is shown.
169
poster
Polymer Optics and Photonics
170
poster
Poster
P49
P50
Rapid prototyping of polymer waveguides by contour shapingS. Schroeer*, H. Reinecke*, C. Mueller*, * Laboratory for Process Technology, IMTEK, Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, [email protected]
The current development in micro optical components demands for fast and reliable manufacturing processes. A prominent way of manufacturing in this area is mechanical machining. Due to long process times and for economic reasons the machined part acts afterwards as master in replication processes for higher lot sizes.We present a novel method of mechanical micro structuring which combines benefits of conventional ultra-precision milling and fly-cutting with a dramatic decrease in process time. The so-called contour shaping is based on non-rotational tool cutting. The machine is built of three high-speed linear axis in combination with a rotatable tool mount for turning the geome-trically defined tool in working direction. Contour shaping enables mechanical micro structu-ring for rapid prototyping of optical components and in higher lot sizes the possibility of making a replication step obsolete. For a first demonstration, polymeric waveguides are manufactured by means of hot embossing for filling and capping of the shaped grooves. The surface parameters of the grooves as well as a demonstration of optical function of the waveguides is shown.
A novel fabrication method of micro Bragg Grating optical sensor using combina-tion of electron beam lithography and nanoimprint technologiesJ. Becker, C. Mueller, Laboratory for Process Technology, IMTEK, Department of Microsystem Engineering, University of [email protected]
In this work, a cost-efficient polymer based Bragg Grating (BG) optical sensor was success-fully fabricated by NIL (nanoimprint lithography) process. The master structures for the NIL process were achieved by the combination of electron beam lithography, photolithography and dry etching techniques on an inorganic film covered silicon wafer. For the following NIL process, silicon-containing, inorganic–organic hybrid material OrmoCore® was used as the rib waveguide core material due to its low optical loss in the visible wavelength region. With the changing of the environment temperature, the grating period and the refractive index of the BG would be altered. By measuring the shift of the wavelength in the transmission spectrum, the temperature value could be simply calculated.
Keywords: FBG, optical sensor, NIL
171
poster
Polymer Optics and Photonics
172
poster
Poster
P51
P52
Investigation of light coupling techniques for electrospun polymer-optical nanofibersM. Marinskas*, K. Bremer*, C. Thomas**, D. Müller**, W.-J. Xing***, R. Sindelar**, B. Roth*, * Hanover Centre for Optical Technologies (HOT), Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany, ** Fakultät II – Maschinenbau und Bioverfahrenstechnik, Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany, *** Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei, [email protected]
Electrospinning allows the fabrication of macroscopic polymer based optical nanofiber mats of both randomly oriented and uniaxially aligned fibers, where the degree of disorder in the system depends on production parameters of the electrospinning process as well as on dopants, i.e. molecules or nanoparticles, introduced into the fibers or attached to their surface. Thus, such electrospun nanofibers promise a great range of possible applications in near-field optics and optomechanics. In order to explore these applications it is necessary to develop an accurate method of coupling light in and out of the nanofiber structure. In this work we investigate different light coupling techniques to couple light selectively in and out of nanofibers. Based on evanescent coupling the light coupling between an angle-polished single-mode silica glass fiber and electrospun poly(methyl methacrylate) as well as poly(acrylonitrile) nanofibers is explored. The angle-polished SM fiber could offer the advantage that it can be used to introduce light at arbitrary and spatially confined position along the nanofiber structure which might, in future, be advantageous to realize novel optical sensor concepts.
Fluorescent rare-earth complex doped acrylate based host-guest system for optical applications fabricated by microstructure technologiesU. Gleißner*, C. Megnin*, T. Hanemann**, * Laboratory for Materials Processing, Institute for Microsystems Technology, University of Freiburg, Germany; ** Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, [email protected]
Planar optronic systems on flexible foil substrates manufactured by e.g. roll-to-roll techniques or ink-jet printing are receiving considerable interest. The current goal is the realization of a complete optical system consisting of light sources, waveguides, and detectors. To enable an all-optical system an optically active material can be implemented, which is pumped externally. Therefore, we present an acrylate-based system doped with a fluorescent material, which was deposited by ink-jet onto a flexible polymer substrate. As base material Bisphenol A ethoxylate diacrylate was used. To reduce viscosity, which is a critical parameter for inkjet printing, a co-monomer (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) and to achieve fluorescence, a rare-earth complex (Eu(DBM)3Phen) was added. Afterwards the material mixture was deposited with an ink-jet printer. After printing, the ink was cured by UV light. The next step will be the investigation of concepts to directly couple the light into waveguide structures. Additionally, other fluorescent materials like Rhodamine B and 9,10-Diphenyl-antracene also appear feasible for printing, leading to multi-wavelength systems.
173
poster
Polymer Optics and Photonics
174
poster
Poster
P53
P54
Light Guides for Illumination ApplicationsS. Jenderny, Th. Kümpfel, Ch. Sinn, H. Werber, MENTOR Bauelemente GmbH & Co. KG, Otto-Hahn-Str. 1, 40699 [email protected]
In optics, a “light guide” usually refers to a flexible and transparent tube for information transmission purposes. The guided light is confined to the tube’s core via total internal reflection by a cladding with a lower refractive index. For illumination purposes, a light guide frequently consists of a rigid polymer body, immersed in air without separate cladding. This generally larger index difference, hence smaller critical angle, reduces the efficiency of light coupling – equally well into as out of the light guide. Illumination applications often strive for a homogeneously perceived light distribution with maximum luminance over the entire solid body or illuminated surface. For this, the optical designer has different engineering options available, to name a few: light-source adapted input surfaces; mode mixing surfaces; non-periodic reflecting prism arrays; and arrays of surface scattering structures. Any option frequently exhibits advantages and disadvantages at the same time w.r.t. light distribution and luminance. We present and discuss optical design details for polymer light guides produced by injection moulding with emphasis on examples currently under production.
Differential Raytracing for Single and Mutiple Scattering SimulationsM. Jahny, B. Michel, Hembach Photonik [email protected]
In differential raytracing ray bundles with an infinitesimal angular spread are propagated through an optical system. This method implicates two major benefits compared to conventional geometrical ray tracing. First, radiometric calculations can be performed much more efficiently and accurately. The second advantage is that the differential information contained in each ray bundle can be used for ray variation. For instance the end position of a ray is varied by changing its start direction while its start position is kept fixed. In our talk we concentrate on two applications in modeling light scattering. First we show a simulation of a light scattering device, which is orders of magnitude faster than conventional raytracing. Second we work out a novel solution of the radiative transfer equation which can be used to compute the scattering from turbid liquids, where multiple scattering is dominant.
175
poster
Polymer Optics and Photonics
Optical Modeling and Simulation
176
poster
Poster
P55
P56
Grating assisted mode selective optical waveguide couplerS. Schlangen*, K. Bremer*, S. Lochmann**, L. Overmeyer*, B. Roth*, *Hanover Centre for Optical Technologies (HOT), Leibniz University Hanover, Hanover, **Communications Signal Processing Group, Hochschule Wismar, [email protected]
Currently, mode division multiplexing (MDM) based on different modes or mode groups of a multi-mode (MM) waveguide are explored as individual transmission channels in order to keep up with the increasing data traffic demand in backbone single-mode (SM) fiber optic telecommunication applications. For the implementation of MDM transmission networks one key challenge is the development of appropriate waveguide couplers. Therefore, in this work we discuss a grating assisted optical waveguide coupler to multiplex and demultiplex individual modes of MM waveguides. The proposed optical waveguide coupler is based on a SM waveguide with a grating structure and an adjacent unmodified MM waveguide. Simulations verify that by using evanescent field coupling and an appropriate grating structure light from the SM waveguide can be coupled selectively into an arbitrary mode of the MM waveguide with high efficiency and low crosstalk. Consequently, the proposed optical waveguide coupler may allow in the future MDM implementation with a large number of mode channels with low insertion loss, mode dependent loss and also modal selectivity.
Synthesis of Initial Plane-Symmetric Optical Systems using Parabasal TheoryR. Kleindienst*, C. Geyer**, B. Mitschunas*, S. Sinzinger*, * Technische Universität Ilmenau, Fakultät für Maschinenbau, Institut für Mikro- und Nanotechnologien, Fachgebiet Technische Optik, ** Technische Universität Ilmenau, Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Mathematik, Fachgebiet Mathematische Methoden des Operations [email protected]
Commonly in the early stage of an optical design procedure paraxial theory is used for the synthesis of an initial system design. However, this approach cannot be applied for generalized optical systems with arbitrarily tilted / decentered object, pupils, surfaces and images like EUV-objectives or integrated optical micro systems. To account for the occurring violation of rotational symmetry the base ray, defined by the object point and the center of the entrance pupil, is used as a reference instead of the classical optical axis. Evaluating only rays within a differential region around the base ray (parabasal rays) allows for analytical derivation of a full imaging framework for systems without symmetry named parabasal theory. In our contribution we present the determination of an initial plane-symmetric optical system satisfying optical specifications in a parabasal region (object and image plane orientation, magnification) as well as dimensional constraints. To this end an optimization is applied to the analytical system description. The system parameters are automatically transferred to commercial optical design software for final optimization steps based on real ray tracing.
177
poster
Optical Modeling and Simulation
178
poster
Poster
P57
P58
Investigation of an analytic aberration description for Alvarez-Lohmann type phase platesA. Grewe, S. Sinzinger, Fachgebiet Technische Optik, Institut für Mikro- und Nanotechnologie IMN MacroNano®, TU [email protected]
Alvarez Lohmann lenses consist of two equal phase plates with cubic profile which are aligned, that their combined phase functions generate an offset like a parallel plate. By a displacement of the plates the combined phase function becomes proportional to the first derivative of the single elements profile. Alvarez and Lohmann independently used this thin element model to describe varifocal lenses. This principle can be applied to generate a variety of different functionalities. In realistic systems with finite distances and thicknesses those elements are prone to aberrations. Because of their free-form character aberrations are induced which cannot be distinguished into field and pupil aberrations in the same way as in classical optics. In 1999 Palusinski proposed an analytical method to investigate aberrations in such systems. From the slope of the element surfaces and distance between two phase plates the intersection points of the wave front with the second element are calculated for the whole wave front at once. We apply this method to Alvarez Lohmann lenses and similar phase plate pairs. The results are compared to ray tracing and common wave front propagation simulations.
Optical second harmonic generation in a cavity with moving boundariesO. Karpova*, **, D. Babajanov**, S. Rakhmanov*, *National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; **Turin Polytechnic University in Tashkent, Tashkent, [email protected]
The study of nonlinear wave dynamics in optical media is of fundamental and practical importance. An important phenomenon appearing in wave propagation in nonlinear optical media is second and higher harmonic generation which appears due to the interaction of light with nonlinear media. This phenomenon implies the change of such fundamental characteri-stics of a wave as frequency and apmplitude during its propagation. Despite the great progress in the study of harmonic generationt investigation of the role of size and shape of the optical domain where wave propagates is still remaining as less studied problem. In this work we explore nonlinear wave propagation and second harmonic generation in a passive second harmonic generating cavity having different shapes and finite size. System of first-order nonlinear differential equations describing the interaction of two wave nonlinear waves (harmonics) is solved by imposing of billiard boundary conditions. The boundaries are considered as moving with a constant velocity. Appearing of chaotic motion in the system is studied by considering the above equations as a classical equations of motion.
179
poster
Optical Modeling and Simulation
180
poster
Poster
P59
P60
Hybrid simulation of thermo-optical effects in laser-based white light sourcesP. Dommes, A. Wolf, R. Lachmayer, Institut für Produktentwicklung und Gerätebau, Leibniz Universität [email protected]
The development of laser-based white light sources is the next step in the evolution of automotive lighting systems. The phosphor used for light conversion is one of the most limiting factors of the overall performance of said sources. To achieve the desired light distributions for automotive applications a small size of the light emitting surface is necessa-ry. While highly focused laser radiation leads to a smaller spot size on the phosphor’s surface it also causes a high thermal load. The conversion of monochromatic laser light to white light is inherently connected to thermal losses. Both effects lead to thermal nonlinearities and mechanical stability issues. In the scope of the joint research program HYbrid Multiscale Numerical Optical Simulation located at Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies HOT granted by "Nieders. Vorab" our group develops a model to describe said thermal behavior. It is used for the identification of parameters for optimization of light conversion and remote phosphor systems. In our paper we present a concept to simulate the interaction of optical and thermal effects by combination of the Finite Element method and classical raytracing methods
Ion beam etching process simulation for the pattern transfer of photoresist diffraction gratings generated by holographyM. Burkhardt*, R. Fechner**, F. Frost**, S. Sinzinger***, *Carl Zeiss Jena GmbH, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 10, 07745 Jena, Germany, **Leibniz -Institut für Oberflächenmodifizierung e.V.,Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany, ***Technische Universität Ilmenau, Fakultät für Maschinenbau, Postfach 100565, 98684 Ilmenau, [email protected]
The manufacturing process for diffraction gratings based on interference lithography results at first in a resist surface relief pattern. However, the majority of applications demand grating structures in the inorganic substrate material itself. Commonly, a modification of the grating profile with regard to an optimized diffraction efficiency is necessary. Therefore a number of different etching methods may be employed. For the very often applied dry etching processes an intuitively accessible forecast of the resulting etched profile is virtually impossible. This is caused by the distinct angular dependence of the etching rate. In this contribution a new advanced simulation tool is introduced. Theoretical as well as experimental results will be presented. The high flexibility of the whole process chain will be illustrated. The graphical capabilities of the tool offer a deeper insight into the mechanics of the pattern transfer.
181
poster
Optical Modeling and Simulation
182
poster
Poster
P61
P62
Optical Glass – Proposal to remove ambiguity from definition of the deviation of relative partial dispersion from normal lineP. Hartmann, SCHOTT [email protected]
The design of high quality imaging lenses strives for best color trueness over wider wavelength ranges. Glasses suitable for sharp images at more than two wavelengths must differ in their dispersion from the classical crown and flint glass types which gather along a straight line in a plot of the relative partial dispersion against the Abbe number. Glasses suitable for multi-color correction can be recognized by a considerable deviation of their relative partial dispersion from this normal line.Originally the normal lines for different relative partial dispersions were defined by using the SCHOTT glass types K7 and F2. Today’s data sheets of all glass manufacturers contain numerical values for deviations of relative partial dispersions from the normal lines. Comparison of almost identical glasses shows differences between these deviations being too large, coming from different versions of K7 and F2 dispersion curves used. For preselection in designs and for direct comparison of glass types it is necessary to agree on common dispersion curves each for K7 and for F2 in order to obtain comparable values for deviations of the relative partial dispersion from the normal line.
Considerations for structuring the incident and transmitted regions in RCWAA. Junker, K.-H. Brenner, Chair of Optoelectronics, Institute of Computer Engineering (ZITI), Heidelberg [email protected]
Rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) is an exact numerical method, which is typically used to investigate the diffraction of coherent light at periodic grating structures. In this application, the grating is situated between the incident and transmitted region with known and constant index of refraction. Yet, there are many situations such as wave guides, fibers, etc., which require also the incident and transmitted regions to be structured. In principle, only slight modifications are already sufficient to achieve this. This extension to RCWA, however, may lead to ambiguities concerning the propagation direction of individual eigenmodes. In these cases the usual separation of the field into forward and backward propagating modes is not anymore possible. In this talk we investigate all the cases, where an unambiguous choice of the sign can be still made, and we also discuss the general case.
183
poster
Optical Modeling and Simulation
184
poster
Poster
P63
P64
PARAX 2.0 – A Powerful GUI for Initial Step Optical DesignB. Mitschunas*, B. Rudolf*, R. Bielert**, J. Mitschunas**, S. Sinzinger*, * Fachgebiet Technische Optik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, ** Fakultät für Mathematik und Informatik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität [email protected]
For predesign of optical systems it is necessary to simultaneously guarantee imaging between object and image planes as well as between the systems pupil planes. Based on this requirement of so-called “double imaging systems”, optics design thus should focus on optimized systems layout before subsequent numerical optimization. Already in the 1990s, we developed the graphically supported software tool PARAX based on a calculation method of Kryszczynski. This method supports the derivation of appropriate starting systems. In a recently finished version of this powerful tool, we fundamentally revised the programming strategy. In a first step, we derive the degrees of freedom of the imaging situation, indicating the number of System Description Parameters (SDP) required for comprehensive description of the system. Multiple solutions can be tracked using an implemented parameter variation and iteration. Also, pickup solves allow to link each SDP with another SDP via a coupling factor. Our program provides Delano and aperture diagrams, useful to analyze well-designed systems. We present the fundamental structure of the tool and demonstrate its functionality on specific examples.
Camera-based speckle noise reduction for interferometric non-incremental shape measurementH. Zhang, R. Kuschmierz, A. Fischer, J. Czarske, Technische Universität Dresden, Fakultät Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Professur für Mess- und [email protected]
Laser Doppler sensors enable 3d shape measurements of fast rotating objects [1]. Several speckles with equal frequency but random phases are generated [2]. This leads to disturbances in the power spectra, which result in systematic deviations of the estimated Doppler frequency and limit the achievable measurement uncertainty of the shape. For reducing the speckle noise, a novel separate speckle detection method by using a camera instead of a photo detector is investigated. Numerical simulations and physical experiments demonstrate that this method allows to decrease the measurement uncertainty by the order of one magnitude. This enables a reduction of the measurement uncertainty for interferometric non-incremental 3d shape measurements below 100 nm and with high temporal resolution.
[1] P. Günther, T. Pfister, L. Büttner, J. Czarske, “Laser Doppler distance sensor using phase evaluation, ” Opt. Exp. 17, 2611-2622(2009).[2] Robert Kuschmierz, Nektarios Koukourakis, Andreas Fischer, Jürgen Czarske,“ On the speckle number of interferometric velocity and distance measurements of moving rough surfaces, ” Opt. Lett. 39, 5622-5625(2014).
185
poster
Optical Modeling and Simulation
186
poster
Poster
P65
P66
Recent advances in spatial angle autocollimator calibration at PTBM. Schumann, R. D. Geckeler, M. Krause, O. Kranz, A. Just, Physikalisch-Technische [email protected]
In this contribution, we present our latest improvements of the Spatial Angle Autocollimator Calibrator (SAAC) at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). The SAAC is capable of traceable spatial angle calibration of autocollimators at a variable optical path length. Autocollimators are used for example in profilometers for the precision form measurement of optical surfaces.An essential part of the SAAC is the mathematical modelling of the spatial orientation of all components relative to each other. By choosing an appropriate reference system and a numerical description of spatial rotations with quaternions it is possible to increase the flexibility with respect to the geometrical arrangement of the components and the choice of sampling points. Furthermore a reduction in error propagation is achieved. The centrepiece of the data analysis is a multi-stage optimisation algorithm based on the Nelder-Mead method.We will present the results of extensive Monte-Carlo simulations and compare them with long term measurements under typical environmental conditions.
Error analysis of an interferometric line-based form measuring systemS. Laubach*, G. Ehret*, J. Riebeling**, P. Lehmann**, *Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany, **Chair in Measurement Technology (CMT), Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Kassel, Wilhelmshöher Allee 71, 34121 Kassel, [email protected]
The precise form measurement of nonspherical optical surfaces, e.g. aspheres, is still challenging. A new form measurement system enables fast measurements of arbitrary rotational symmetric specimens. The system is a preliminary result of a joint project funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). It combines a fast line scanning interfero-meter with subaperture stitching and was presented at the most recent annual DGaO meetings [1, 2]. The system is highly flexible and can be adapted to many specimen geome-tries. A realistic model of the system has been developed which allows us to perform virtual experiments and especially to simulate the influences of main errors on different specimens. With this model the noise of the fringes, the misalignment of the specimen, or the run-out of the movement axes can be quantified. The simulation model will be compared with real measurements to verify the model. The simulations will be presented and the main error influences of the system will be discussed. [1] S. Laubach et al. DGaO Proceedings A20 (2014)[2] S. Laubach et al. DGaO Proceedings P5 (2015)
187
poster
Optical Modeling and Simulation
188
poster
Poster
P67
P68
Optical form measurements with a scanning point sensor in null configurationA. Straub, S. Laubach, G. Blobel, G. Ehret, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, [email protected]
We present measurements of the form of optical surfaces using a scanning chromatic confocal point sensor. The motion of the coordinate measuring machine (CMM) is controlled to accomplish a fixed distance between the sensor and the specimen at each measurement point. The results show that this null sensor configuration enables measurements with a few ten nanometres repeatability up to a maximum acceptable surface slope of 30° limited by the sensor. Individually measured line profiles can be merged together to yield a 3D topography. The system does not require any prior knowledge of the surface form in contrast to many interferometric procedures. It can be applied to various specimen geometries by adapting the parameters of the movement system. The measuring system was tested using calibrated spherical surfaces. In a first application, we investigated recently developed asphere and freeform transfer standards. The system has the capability for measurements in the sub-µm range and will be used to test and characterize asphere and freeform standards in future.
Determination of the paraxial focal length according to its definition by the German DIN standard in measurementsT. Binkele, D. Hilbig, F. Fleischmann, T. Henning, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Universtiy of Applied Science Bremen, [email protected]
In the world of optics, many different definitions about the focal length exist. The German DIN standard basically differentiates between two focal length definitions: the real focal length and the paraxial focal length. While defining the real focal length as the focal length of a finite wavelength range together with a finite aperture and giving a measurement procedure for it, the DIN standard doesn’t say how to measure the paraxial focal length. It solely defines it as the focal length of a certain wavelength with the aperture at the transition to zero.While investigating focal length measurement procedures using Zernike polynomials, we’ve developed a procedure to retrieve the paraxial focal length as it is defined by the German DIN standard using experimental raytracing. Simulations and measurements performed with the developed procedure using experimental raytracing and a Shack-Hartmann-Sensor have been evaluated and compared.
189
poster
Optical Metrology and Sensing
Optical Modeling and Simulation
190
poster
Poster
P69
P70
Modeling and experimental verification of bonding parameters by example of lens-alignmentK. Bleiker*, C. Maissen*, M. Pfeffer**, A. Ettemeyer***, *** NTB Interstaatliche Hochschule für Technik Buchs, * Swissoptic AG, CH-9435 Heerbrugg;, ** Hochschule Ravensburg-Weingarten;[email protected]
Owing to their flexibility and the lower cost, in particular applications of alignment bonding as assembly and bonding technology of single lenses are widely used in optical industry. Due to these advantages, alignment bonding has been further developed for the integration of lenses and lens groups. Due to this fact, auxiliary lens mounts are no longer needed, because optical elements are bonded directly into bodies/main housings.To avoid any optical performance degradation for this application in optical systems and advanced adhesive technology, the main conditions for the success is based on an optimum bondline, defined as one that produces zero (radial) stress. In order to meet this demand a detailed knowledge of materials, joint partners / geometry and environmental impact is required for developing a mathematical model at the optic / adhesive / optic mount interface as well as the technical implementation of a new Precision Alignment of Lenses.To achieve an optimal mathematical model and zero (radial) stress bond of lenses in cells, the experimental verification has taken place with several test samples, descriptive statistics as well as interferometric measurement.
Adjusting the focus position of fiber collimatorsE. Langenbach, C. Brüggemann, FISBA AG, St. [email protected]
The output of a single mode fiber collimator shall be a plane wave, which propagates as Gaussian beam with increasing diameter and varying curvature. One Rayleigh length behind the beam waist the curvature reaches its maximum. For much larger distances the beam diameter increases approximately linearly, and the radius of curvature roughly equals the distance. During the adjustment of the optics the axial fiber position is changed until the curvature of the exit wave vanishes. If the beam is observed at a large distance, its diameter is minimal for the best focus position. For small collimators with short focal length the Rayleigh length is only a few centimeters, and the minimum beam diameter on a distant screen is a good measure for the optimum focus. For larger collimators the Rayleigh length becomes too large for typical lab environments, and additional test optics is necessary. A test setup for an IR fiber collimator is presented and analysed with ABCD matrices. Some astigmatism is introduced to simplify the adjustment. The purely reflective test system is calibrated with visible light and requires only an imaging camera but no complex wavefront sensor or interferometer optics.
191
poster
Optical Modeling and Simulation
192 193
Name Page
Name Page
Index of authors
Ahrens, A. 38Aiello, A. 154Alber, L. 94Alinoori, A. 48, 140Almeida, T. P. 102Alpmann, C. 120Altmann, B. 84Alwis, L. 38Antonopoulos, G. 106Arakawa, Y. 8Aranha, D. 138Babajanov, D. 178Babovsky, H. 98, 100 Bacher, A. 64Backhaus, C. 26Baer, G. 150Bakar, M. 86Bartelt, H. 124, 156Bartl, G. 80, 130Bauckhage, Y. 32Bauer, J. 144Becker, J. 64, 170Beitz, T. 112Bergmann, D. 126, 148 Bergmann, R. 142Berneker, B. 22Besborodow, A. 20Bethmann, K. 14Bichra, M. 82Bielert, R. 184Bielke, A. 150Bierlich, J. 124, 162 Biertümpfel, R. 146Binkele, T. 132, 188Birr, T. 54, 74Bleiker, K. 190Blobel, G. 188Blumenroether, E. 160Bodermann, B. 126Boebel, D. 30Bolakis, C. 128Bollgrün, P. 166Bonhoff, T. 68Bosch, R. 82Braga, R. A. 100, 102, 138Bremer, K. 38, 40, 42, 158, 172, 176Brenner, K. 70, 120, 182
Breunig, E. 64Brodhag, N. 150Brüggemann, C. 190Brüning, R. 108, 158Buchner, F. 16Buhr, E. 148Burkhardt, M. 180Büttner, L. 86, 94Čehovski, M. 72Ceyhan, U. 132Chhantyal, P. 74Chichkkov, B. 12, 30, 74, 116Chichkov, B. N. 164Chu, X.-L. 152Claus, D. 152Czarske, J. 86, 94, 96, 136, 184Danov, R. 44Demircan, A. 58Denz, C. 120, 162 Diaci, J. 60, 138Diener, A. 126Dietrich, D. 124Doblado, G. J. H. 146Döhring, T. 64, 130Dommes, P. 180Dörband, B. 66Döring, S. 7 2 Drabarek, P. 82Dultz, W. 124Duparré, M. 158Ehlers, H. 58Ehret, G. 126, 142, 156, 186, 188Ehrhardt, M. 94Eilts, T. 62El-Amassi, D. M. 114El-Tamer, A. 30Engel, A. 146Eschrich, T. 156Ettemeyer, A. 190Evlyukhin, A. 116 Faber, C. 16, 20 Fadeeva, E. 164Falldorf, C. 142Fechner, R. 180Ferrari, J. 124Fischer, A. 136, 184 Fischer, M. 94
192 193
Name Page
Name Page
Fischer, T. 54, 74, 116Fleischer, M. 8 2 Fleischmann, F. 48, 132, 134, 140, 188Franke, J. 26, 34Fregin, B. 96 Frenner, K. 148, 150Friedrich, P. 64Frins, E. 124Frosch, T. 124, 162Frost, F. 180 Gatej, A. 96Gauch, M. 58 Gayer, C. 68Geckeler, R. D. 134, 186 Geyer, C. 176Gleißner, U. 172González-Peña, R. J. 102Gorschenew, W. 144Götzinger, S. 152Grasnick, A. 68Grattan, K. T. V. 38Grbovic, D. 128Greger, D. 96Grewe, A. 178Grimm, S. 156Grjasnow, A. 76 Gruh, I. 86Günther, A. 56, 166Gutierrez, G. 134Hagemann, J.-H. 142Hanemann, T. 172Harder, I. 132Hartmann, P. 110, 140, 182Hartung, A. 124, 162 Hartwig, H. 56Haufe, D. 86 Häusler, G. 18Hausmann, K. 42 Heeger, P. 88Heidrich, M. 106Heinemann, D. 86, 88 Heinrich, A. 32, 36Heintzmann, R. 168Heisterkamp, A. 86, 88, 106Helbig, R. 40Helfert, S. 64, 116Henning, T. 48, 132, 134, 140, 188Hermosa, N. 98, 146Herkommer, A. M. 164
Hilbig, D. 48, 130, 134, 140, 188Hillmer, H. 78Hils, B. 124Hinze, U. 30Hofer, H. 148, 152Hoffmann, G.-A. 34Hohlfeld, D. 56Hohnholz, A. 32Houta, F. 62Höhl, M. 104Hübner, U. 76Ihlemann, J. 118Ihme, M. 54Jäger, M. 156Jahns, J. 64, 116Jahny, M. 174Jakobs, P. 64Jara-Avaca, M. 86Jedamzik, R. 120Jenderny, S. 174Johannsmeier, S. 88Junker, A. 182Just, A. 134, 186Kaestner, M. 142Kallweit, N. 88Kalthoff, O. 22Kampmann, R. 22Kanka, M. 76Karanasiou, I. S. 128Kariper, I. A. 126Karpova, O. 178Karstens, R. 118Karthaus, D. 46Karunasiri, G. 128Kästner, M. 16, 20, 60, 142, 144Kelb, C. 12, 122 Kelly, D. 122Kentischer, T. 112Kerwien, N. 110Khan, G. S. 82Kippenberg, T. 72Kleindienst, R. 176Kleinkes, M. 44Kloppenburg, G. 44 Kniggendorf, A. 104Knipp, D. 132Kobelke, J. 124, 156, 162Koch, J. 32 König, J. 96
194
Name Page
Name Page
Koppens, F. 52Körner, M. 10Korvink, J. G. 166Koukourakis, N. 96, 136, 136Kowalsky, W. 72Kowarschik, R. 98, 100, 158, 168Kracht, D. 42Kranz, O. 134, 186Krause, M. 134, 186Krüger, A. 88, 90, 118 Kück, S. 148, 152Kufner, M. 40Kümpfel, Th. 174Kurselis, K. 12Kuschmierz, R. 184Kusserow, T. 78, 124Lachmayer, R. 44, 180Lakhdar, Z. 28Lang, W. 48, 140Langenbach, E. 190Laubach, S. 186, 188Lechner, K. 130Lehmann, P. 186Leich, M. 156 Leis, A. 48Lenarz, T. 104Leuchs, G. 94Li, Y. 20Lindlein, N. 26, 80, 154Lochmann, S. 38, 176Loftfield, N. 60Löhmannsröben, H. 112Loosen, F. 26Loosen, P. 68, 96López, M. 148, 152Lorenz, L. 34Lubatschowski, H. 118Ludwig, M. 16M. Höhl, 104M. Schubert, 112Magalhães, R. 102Mager, D. 166Mahilny, U. 168 Mai, T. 80, 130Maissen, C. 190Maksimovic, M. 114Marcon, M. 102Marcondes, C. B. 78Marinskas, M. 172
Marques, D. 138Martins, M. 102Masek, A. 98Matthias, B. 90Matthias, S. 16 Megnin, C. 172Meinecke, T. 122Meinhardt-Wollweber, M. 14, 104 Meissner, R. 162Melchert, O. 160 Menendez-Manjon, A. 106 Merklein, B. 154Meydaneri Tezel, F. 126Meyer, H. 106 Michel, B. 22, 174Minoshima, K. 50Mitschunas, B. 176, 184Mitschunas, J. 184Mohamed, M. E. H. 48Morgner, U. 14, 58, 104Mueller, C. 10, 168, 170Müller, D. 172Müller, T. 18Musigmann, M. 116Nazarau, S. 168Neumann, C. 46Neumann, J. 42Nevas, S. 128Nicolaus, A. 80, 130Nolte, L. 106Obata, K. 32Orghici, R. 74Osten, W. 150, 152Otte, E. 120Otte, M. 24Ottenhues, C. 42Overmeyer, L. 34, 50, 154, 164, 176 Ozcan, A. 52Pant, K. 82Pape, C. 84Patzelt, S. 62Pätzold, W. M. 58Pedrini, G. 152Pelegrina-Bonilla, G. 42Pereira, D. A. 138Petermann, A.B. 14Pfeffer, M. 190Philipp, K. 136Pichler, E. 14
195
194 195
Name Page
Name Page
Pohl, L. 154Porrovecchio, G. 148Pösch, A. 18, 146Postels, J. 120Pribošek, J. 60, 138Prießner, A. 118Prochnau, M. 96Proserpio, L. 64Prucker, O. 10, 168Pruss, C. 150 Pulwer, S. 144Quabis, S. 156 Quinten, M. 62Rabal, H. 100Rabe, T. 72Rahlves, M. 24, 54, 56, 122, 160, 166 Rakhmanov, S. 178Ramu, D. 82 Reichel, S. 146Reichert, C. C. 164Reinecke, H. 10, 168, 170Reinhardt, C. 14, 54, 58, 74, 116Reis, R. O. 100Reitberger, T. 34Reithmeier, E. 8, 12, 16, 18, 20, 56, 60, 84,
122, 142, 144, 146, 166Reusch, T. 144Reuter, S. 78Rezem, M. 166Ribeiro, B. A. 78Ribeiro, R. M. 78Riebe, D. 112Riebeling, J. 186Riesenberg, R. 76Ripken, T. 86, 88, 106, 118Heinemann, D. 88Ripken, T. 88, 90Ristau, D. 58Rodiek, B. 148, 152Rogan, E. 28Rohloff, B. 84Roßteutscher, I. 40Roth, B. 12, 24, 38, 40, 42, 54, 56, 104, 122,
158, 160, 166, 172, 176Rothau, S. 80, 132Rother, R. 10, 168Rudolf, B. 184 Rühe, J. 10, 168Runde, R. 120
Sabitov, N. 82Sajti, L. 12 Sakowicz, P. 22Salffner, K. 128Sandfuchs, O. 46, 108Sandmann, A. 38Santos, I. V. A. 102Särchen, E. 118Sayinc, H. 42 Schaadt, D. M. 114Schade, W. 74Schadwinkel, H. 106Schau, P. 150Schelske, C. 16Schindler, J. 150 Schlangen, S. 54, 176Schlobohm, J. 146Schmidt, C. 44Schmidt, M. A. 124, 162 Schmidt, W. 112Schmitt, H. 104Schmitzer, H. 124Schöne, M. 46Schrader, S. 144Schroeer, S. 170Schubert, M. 112Schuler, A.-K. 10, 168Schulz, M. 156Schumann, M. 134, 186Schuster, K. 124, 162Schwensow, D. 136Schwider, J. 132Schwuchow, A. 124, 162Seiler, T. 64Sergeeva, E. 56Shabat, M. M. 114 Shariff, F. M. 36Shi, R. 66Sindelar, R. 172Sinn, Ch. 174Sinzinger, S 22, 46, 60, 82, 122, 138, 176,
178, 180, 184Smid, M. 148Smolarski, A. 136Soares, F. L. D. 78Sondermann, M. 94Sprick, P. 162 Srivathsan, B. 94Stark, A. W. 98, 100
197196 197
Name Page
Name Page
Steglich, P. 144 Stehno, C. 62Stenau, T. 70Stollenwerk, J. 68, 96 Stollenwerk, M. 64Straub, A. 188Streicher, S. 22 Ströbel, G. 62Strohmeier, M. 16Stürmer, J. 94Suckow, A. 36Sun, T. 38Suttmann, O. 32, 154Taimoor, M. 78 Tausendfreund, A. 62Teich, M. 94Theeg, T. 42Thiem, J. 152Thomas, C. 172 Thomas, N. 56 Tinne, N. 88Tolstik, A. 168Tolstik, E. 168Tomanek, M. 88Torres-Mapa, M. 86Trofimova, A. 168Uzunoglu, N. 128Varkentin, A. 24, 160 Vaz, A. L. 138Villatoro, J. 112Villringer, C. 144von der Lühe, O. 112von Witzendorff, P. 154Wallaschek, J. 44Walter, J.-G. 158Wang, Y. 34 Wartmann, R. 106Weber, M. 94 Weigand, F. 40Werber, H. 174Wetterau, L. 124Wiegmann, K. 42Wiesendanger, T. 82Willeke, B. 44Willer, U. 14Willomitzer, F. 18Wolf, A. 44, 180Wolfer, T. 34, 166
Wollweber, M. 24, 40, 160Wolter, K.-J. 34Wong, E. 100 Wurm, M. 126, 148Wuttig, A. 76Wysmolek, M. 42 Xing, W.-J. 172 Yanne, K. 92Yilmaz, S. S. 42 Zeitler, J. 26Zghal, M. 92Zhang, H. 184Zhu, Y. 156Zou, Y. 142Zühlke, M. 112Zunker, S. 10Zywietz, U. 14, 54, 74, 116
197
MISCELLANEOUS
197
Announcements of the Conference Management1. Conference location and venueThe International Conference on Applied Optics and Photonics and the 117th annual meeting of the DGaO will take place from May 17 to May 21, 2016, at the Royal Palace of Herrenhausen (Schloss Herrenhausen) in Hannover, Germany.
Street address Schloss Herrenhausen Herrenhäuser Straße 5 30419 Hannover
Germany
Keyword for Google Maps: Schloss Herrenhausen GmbH
198
MISCELLANEOUS
A welcome reception for the conference participants including a brief address by the mayor of Hannover, the state capital of Lower Saxony, will be held on May 17, 2016, at the New Town Hall in Hannover starting at 18:30 h.
Street address: Neues Rathaus Hannover Trammplatz 2 30159 Hannover
© HMTG
The New Town Hall with its unique curved lift was built in the era of Wilhelm II and is an impressive castle-like building in the heart of Hannover.
Keyword for Google Maps: New Town Hall, Trammplatz 2, 30159 Hannover
199
MISCELLANEOUS
2. Conference registration and feesParticipants may register for the conference using the application form available online at www.dgao.de or by letter or fax to
Elizabeth ErhardCoburger Str. 1191056 ErlangenGermanyE-Mail: [email protected]: +49 (0) 9131 13508
using the registration form included in the book of abstracts.
Conference fees (excluding VAT):Members of DGaO, OSA, DPG, or EOS 225 €Non-members 275 €Special rates: students, retirees, and unemployed 105 €
Young scientists and students from developing countries as well as students from all countries may apply for travel support. Please send request for application form to [email protected]. Conference registration prices increase by 30 € after April 17, 2016.
The conference ID badges serve as Combined Tickets (KombiTicket) for all GVH public trans-port in and near Hannover valid all day in all tariff zones from May 18 to May 21, 2016 (see www.gvh.de for details).
Optional a networking event at the Volkswagen factory and the Kolumbianischer Pavillon in Wolfsburg can be booked for additional 55 €. The number of participants is limited to a total of 150 participants due to Volkswagen factory regulations. An obligatory booking is required upon conference registration at the DGaO webpage (www.dgao.de).
Last minute registration at the conference venue is possible. Late booking of the networking event is depending on availability.
3. Instructions for presentationsEach lecture room is equipped with a beamer and a laptop. Authors have to upload their PDF or PowerPoint based presentation via USB memory stick before the particular session starts.
4. Poster exhibitionThe poster sessions take place in the foyer in front of the plenary hall in the venue building. Poster walls for posters up to size A0 will be provided. Authors are requested to install their posters until Wednesday the 18th of May at 10:00 h. Authors have to present their poster for discussion at the designated poster exhibit times according to the conference schedule.
5. Company exhibitionNumerous companies and institutions support the conference venue by exhibiting their prod-ucts and services. The exhibit area is located next to the plenary hall in the venue build-ing. The conference attendees are kindly requested to acknowledge the company exhibition, especially during coffee and lunch breaks.
200
MISCELLANEOUS
6. DGaO ProceedingsContributions to the conference may be published online in the DGaO Proceedings (ISSN: 1614-8436) as two-page manuscripts or as posters. See www.dgao.de for details.The deadline for uploading the manuscripts and the posters is July 24, 2016.
7. AwardsThe ICO Prize 2015, the IUPAP Young Scientist Prize in Optics 2015, and the DGaO Young Scientists Award 2015 will be awarded. See www.dgao.de for details.
8. Conference Social ProgramAside from the events described below, conference participants and accompanying persons are invited to explore the attractions of Hannover. The conference ID badges are valid Combined Tickets (KombiTicket) for GVH public transport covering all of Hannover and the surrounding countryside.
Tuesday, May 17th, 2016Lab Tour at Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies (HOT)
14:00 – 16:00 h Tour starts at the foyer of the Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies, Nienburger Straße 17, 30167 Hannover (close to the conference venue, see map on the book cover)
A registration for the lab tour is required when registering for the conference on the DGaO/ICO webpage (www.dgao.de) due to the limited number of participants.Additional lab tours are offered at the Institute for Quantum Optics, the Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., and the Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies during the conference – please register at the tour lists provided at the conference office
Welcome Reception at the New Town Hall HannoverTrammplatz 2, 30159 Hannover (see map)
17:30 – 18:30 h Registration (ID badges only)
18:30 – 19:00 h Reception with short welcome address by the mayor of Hannover, state capital of Lower Saxony, Stefan Schostok
19:00 – 21:00 h Welcome reception (live music and finger food)
Wednesday, May 18th, 2016
8:00 h Registration opens at conference venue (conference documents available on-site)
201
MISCELLANEOUS
Thursday, May 19th, 2016Networking-Event: Visit at Autostadt, Wolfsburg
12:30 h Departure by bus from the conference venue Schloss Herrenhausen
14:30 – 17:30 h Networking event at Volkswagen AG factory and Autostadt
Two options for the Volkswagen factory tour are available:
Tour 1 (120 participants):Extended factory tour and short stay at the Autostadt exhibition.
Tour 2 (30 participants):Visit at the Autostadt including a short guided tour through the Volkswagen factory
Description:Extended factory tour (FachTour): This tour takes about 90 min and gives many insights in different production sections at the Volkswagen factory.
Short guided tour (WerkTour): The duration of the short guided tour is only 60 min and includes a visit of the production line.
Autostadt: The Autostadt is the theme park of the Volkswagen AG. It includes a car museum and an exhibition of new cars from brands such as VW, Porsche, Audi, Bugatti, Lamborghini, Seat and Skoda.
© Klaus Nahr CC-BY-SA 2.0
202
MISCELLANEOUS
18:00 – 20:00 h Get-Together and Buffet at the Kolumbianischer Pavillon at Allersee in Wolfsburg
ca. 21:30 h Return to Hannover
9. Contact
Conference organization:
Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies (HOT)Nienburger Str. 1730167 Hannover, Germanyphone: +49 511 762 17908email: [email protected]: www.hot.uni-hannover.de
Chairman of the conference:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Eduard ReithmeierInstitut für Mess- und RegelungstechnikGottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz Universität HannoverNienburger Str. 1730167 Hannover, Germanyweb: www.imr.uni-hannover.de
DGaO office:
c/o Elizabeth ErhardCoburger Str. 1191056 Erlangen, Germanyphone: +49 9131 758587email: [email protected]: www.dgao.de
Local Organizing Committee(in alphabetical order)
Kort Bremer, Sebastian Dikty, Melanie Gauch, Ann-Kathrin Kniggendorf, Maik Rahlves, Bernhard Roth, Tim Wolfer, Merve Wollweber
203
MISCELLANEOUS
AccommodationThe following hotels are recommended for your stay in Hannover:
1. Hotel in Herrenhausen GmbHMarkgrafstr. 5, 30419 Hannoverwww.hotel-in-herrenhausen.de
2. Schlafgut. Hotel im WerkhofKniestr. 33, 30167 Hannoverwww.hotel-schlafgut.de
3. Mercure Hotel Hannover MittePostkamp 10, 30159 Hannoverwww.accorhotels.com
4. Mercure Hotel am Entenfang HannoverEichsfelder Str. 4, 30419 Hannoverwww.accorhotels.com
5. Concorde Hotel am LeineschlossAm Markte 12, 30159 Hannoverwww.concorde-hotels.de
6. Intercity Hotel Hannover Rosenstr. 1, 30159 Hannoverwww.intercityhotel.de
7. ibis Hannover City HotelVahrenwalder Strasse 113, 30165 Hannoverwww.ibis.com
8. ibis budget Hannover HauptbahnhofRunde Strasse 7, 30161 Hannoverwww.ibis.com
Hannover is a busy metropolitan area with a large number of events and trade fairs taking place every year. We recommend booking your accommodation as soon as possible. For more options and booking advice see
www.hannover.de/en/Tourism-Culture/Tourist-Information-Hannover/Accommodation-Service
204
MISCELLANEOUS
Restaurants, Cafés, Food Courts The following restaurants and cafés are within walking distance of the conference venue or are easily reached by public transport with your conference ID badge.
1. Restaurant Schlossküche Herrenhausen[exquisite slow food]Alte Herrenhäuser Str. 3, 30419 Hannover(200 m – within easy walking distance)phone: +49 (0)511 27 94 94 0opening hours: 11:00 – 23:00
2. Castello im Herzog Ferdinand[Venetian cuisine]Alte Herrenhäuser Str. 24, 30419 Hannover(650 m – within walking distance)phone: +49 (0)511 751289opening hours: 12:00 – 15:00 & 18:00 – 23:00
3. Restaurant Atlantis[Balkan cuisine]Haltenhoffstrasse 159, 30149 Hannover(850 m – within walking distance)phone: +49 (0)511 753570opening hours: 12:00 – 14:30 & 17:30 – 23:00)
4. Singapur[Chinese cuisine]Haltenhoffstrasse 191, 30419 Hannover(1.1 km – 13 minutes on foot; alternatively: 10 minutes via tram line 4 towards “Garbsen”, exit at “Herrenhäuser Markt” and continue on foot via Münterstraße (to the right) and Haltenhoffstraße (to the right)).phone: +49 (0)511 2712210opening hours: 12:00 – 15:00 & 17:00 – 23:00 (closed on Tuesday)
5. Leibniz University Main Cafeteria (“Hauptmensa”)Callinstrasse 23, 30167 Hannover(1.2 km – 15 minutes on foot via Herrenhäuser Strasse (to the right), Nienburger Strasse, and Callinstrasse).opening hours: 11:40 – 14:10
205
MISCELLANEOUS
Travel Advice
City map of Hannover
Up-to-date information on how to get to Hannover by car, train, or plane via Hannover airport or other international airports in the northern part of Germany is available online at www.hannover.de/en/Arrival-Departure/How-to-get-to-Hannover
206
MISCELLANEOUS
Conference venue at Schloss Herrenhausen:
By car: From the north, take Autobahn (motorway) A7/ A352 to A2 (direction "Dortmund"), leave the A2 at exit “Herrenhausen” (highway B6) in the direction of “Zentrum” (city center), leave the B6 at the exit "Herrenhausen" and turn right into the "Herrenhäuser Straße".From the south, take Autobahn A7 then A37 (direction "Hannover/Messe"), move on to B6 and follow it towards "Zentrum". This includes taking the exit B3/B6/B65 in the direction of "Zentrum", later leaving the first roundabout at the first exit (direction "Zentrum") and going straight over the second roundabout in the direction "Zentrum" again. Leave the B6 at the exit "Herrenhausen" and turn right into the "Herrenhäuser Straße".From the east or west take Autobahn (motorway) A2, then take “Herrenhausen” exit (highway B6) in the direction of “Zentrum” (city center). Leave the B6 at the exit "Herrenhausen" and turn right into the "Herrenhäuser Straße". GPS destination: Herrenhaeuser Str. 5, 30419 Hannover
By public transport: Take subway/tram line 4 or 5, or bus 136 to station “Herrenhäuser Gärten”
207
MISCELLANEOUS
Welcome Reception at New Town Hall, Hannover:
By car:From the north or south take Autobahn (motorway) A2 to A7 in the south direction (towards “Kassel”), then from the A7 take the exit at “Hannover Anderten” and follow the highway B65 / B6 towards “Messe”. Exit at “Döhren / Zentrum” and follow “Hildesheimer Strasse” towards “Zentrum (City Center, to the right) and after 3 km turn right on to “Friedrichswall”. After 200 m, the New Town Hall is on the left hand side.
By public transport:Take the subway / tram lines 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 or 8 to station “Aegidientorplatz”, follow “Friedrich-swall” on foot for approx. 200 m. The New Town Hall is on the left hand side.
Attractions in Hanover close to the conference venue
Herrenhäuser GärtenThe Herrenhausen Gardens consist of the Great Garden, the Berggarten, the Georgengarten and the Welfengarten. The gardens are a heritage of the Kings of Hanover.The Great Garden pictured above is one of the most distinguished formal baroque gardens of Europe, while the Berggarten today is a large botanical garden with countless exotic plant attractions.The Great Garden is located directly at the conference venue, and the Berggarten is across the street from it.
© HTMG / Nick Barlo jr.
MISCELLANEOUS
208
Sea Life HannoverA tropical sea life aquarium holding turtles, sharks, rays, crabs, and even sea horses, crocodiles, and piranhas. An interactive rock pool display allows direct contact with crabs or starfish, and there are daily feeding demonstrations.
The Sea Life Hannover is just across the street from the conference venue.
© trombone65 (PhotoArt Laatzen) CC-BY 2.0
Hannover Adventure Zoo (Erlebnis Zoo Hannover)On animal safari around the world in seven Zoo Worlds from Africa to Australia via Canada, India, and rural Lower Saxony!From the conference venue take tram line 4 towards Roderbruch to station “Steintor” and take tram line 11 towards “Hannover Zoo”, exit at “Hannover Zoo”
© HMTG / Martin Kirchner HMTG / Martin Kirchner
209
MISCELLANEOUS
Wilhelm Busch Museum(German Museum of Caricature and Drawings Wilhelm Busch)The Wilhelm Busch Museum features one of the world’s largest collections of works by Heinrich Christian Wilhelm Busch (1832 – 1908), as well as contemporary comic art, illustrations and drawings.It is located in the Georgengarten, a mere 15 min walk from the conference venue through one of Hannover’s most scenic gardens. Just follow the signs or your navigation app to “Deutsches Museum for Karikatur und Zeichenkunst”.
© HMTG / Martin Kirchner
MarktkircheBuilt in the 14th Century, the Marktkirche („market church“) stands in the very core of Han-nover. Together with the Old Town Hall to its right, it is considered to be the southernmost specimen of the “North German neo-Gothic”-style. As even many well-informed citizens of Hannover don’t know, the “Deutsche Michel” (a nickname the German citizens often give to themselves) is actually buried there. His full name was General Johann Michael von Obentraut, a hero of the Thirty Years War and known as “der deutsche Michel” to his contemporaries.From the conference venue, take subway / tram line 4 or 5 to station “Kröpke”, then proceed for approx. 5 min on foot via “Ständehausstraße” and “Grupenstraße”.
© HMTG / Martin Kirchner
Of course, Hannover offers a lot to spend your leisure time. The Maschsee lake and Hannover's city forest, the Eilenriede, are nice places for enjoying a walk in the nature. If you are rather interested in the cultural life, you may visit one of the many museums in Hannover, for example the Sprengel Museum Hannover, a well-known museum of contemporary arts alongside Maschsee lake. The opera house in the city center, several theaters or the Jazz-Club Hannover offer interesting events in the evening. For further information on tourist attractions in and near Hannover see http://www.hannover.de/en/Tourism-Culture/Places-of-Interest-City-Tours
13. Meeting of the working group “Biophotonics“
A meeting of the working group Biophotonics, open to all interested participants of the DGaO/ICO conference, will take place on Friday May 20, 2016 at 5:30 PM in room C.
Topic: Reactivation of the working group Biophotonics and possible funding perspectives.
Preliminary- Welcome from the chairman Prof. Alexander Heisterkamp- Discussion of the agenda- Presentation of the aims of the working group Biophotonics- Funding perspectives on national level- Funding perspectives on EU-level (report from Photonics 21 meeting)- Next meeting- Miscellaneous- Afterwards: Opportunity for networking and exchange
End of the meeting approx. at 6:15 PM.Further information on the working group can be found on the website:http://www.dgao.de/AK_Biophotonik
5. Meeting of the working group “Optical Sensor Systems“A meeting of the working group “Optical Sensor Systems”, open to all interested participants of the DGaO/ICO conference, will take place on Friday May 20, 2016 at 5:30 PM in room B.
Topic: Future activities of the working group; Identification and prioritization of topics; Structure and course of action for future meetings
Preliminary- Welcome from the chairmen Prof. Andreas Heinrich / Prof. Christian Faber- Discussion of the agenda- Review of previous meetings- Structure and format of future meetings- Identification and prioritization of future topics- Next meeting- Miscellaneous- Afterwards: Opportunity for networking and exchange
End of the meeting approx. at 6:15 PM.Further information on the working group can be found on the website:http://www.dgao.de/de/arbeitskreise
210
211
Working Groups
212
Friday, 20th May 2016Schloss Herrenhausen
Fraunhofer Lecture and Gala Dinner(Registration required, no additional fee)
18:30 h Welcome at the Schloss Herrenhausen Herrenhäuser Straße 5, 30419 Hannover Dr. Frank Höller, DGaO, Chairman of the DGaO
19:00 h Fraunhofer Lecture Professor Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. Stefan W. Hell Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg [email protected] Optical microscopy: the resolution revolution Throughout the 20th century it was accepted that a light
microscope relying on conventional optical lenses cannot discern details that are much finer than about half the wavelength of light. However, in the 1990s, the viability to overcome the diffraction barrier was realized and microscopy concepts defined, that can resolve fluorescent features down to molecular dimensions. I will discuss the simple yet powerful principles that allow neutralizing the limiting role of diffraction.
1. Hell, S.W. Far-Field Optical Nanoscopy. Science 316, 1153-1158 (2007) 2. Hell, S.W. Microscopy and its focal switch. Nature Methods 6, 24-32
(2009)
20:00 h Gala dinner Poster award Farewell notes
213
Fraunhofer Lecture
214
Ordentliche Mitgliederversammlung der DGaO
am Freitag, den 20. Mai 2016, 16:00 Uhr, Schloss Herrenhausen,Herrenhäuser Straße 5 , 30419 Hannover, Raum: A
Tagesordnung:
1. Eröffnung
2. Bericht des Vorsitzenden
3. Neuaufnahmen (Liste wird auf der Mitgliederversammlung vorgestellt)
4. Kassenbericht des Schatzmeisters
5. Bericht der Kassenprüfer und Beschluss über Entlastung
6. Wahl der/des Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Schriftführerin/des Schriftführers, der Schatzmeisterin/des Schatzmeisters, von zwei Beisitzerinnen/Beisitzern und der Delegierten/des Delegierten der DGaO bei der EOS
7. Jahrestagungen der DGaO 2017 und 2018
8. Berichte über EOS, ICO, DPG
9. Berichte zu den Arbeitskreisen
10. Verschiedenes
Bitte beachten!Anträge zur Tagesordnung müssen mindesten 4 Wochen vor der Mitgliederversammlung beim Schriftführer eingereicht werden:
Prof. Hartmut BarteltIPHT
Albert-Einstein-Str. 907745 Jena
Fax: 03641-206299Mail: [email protected]
Termin: 21. April 2016
215
Ordentliche Mitgliederversammlung der DGaO
216
Notizen
217
Notizen
218
Notizen
219
Notizen
220
Notizen
Entdecken Sie unsere Welt!
Home of high power coatings and optics
LAS ER O PTIK GmbH Horster Str. 20 • 30826 Garbsen Telefon (051 31) 45 97-0Mail: [email protected]
Wir haben sie extra für Sie gebaut.
Der LASEROPTIK-Gesamtkatalog über Laserspiegel und op tische Beschichtungen geht nicht allein auf unsere Produkte ein, sondern zeigt zugleich, was bei LASEROPTIK mit moderner Dünnschicht-Technologie erreich bar ist.
Insgesamt betreibt die LASEROPTIK 30 Maschinen mit 5 verschiedenen Beschichtungsverfahren, 10 Anlagen davon mit IBS (Ion Beam Sputtering). Optiken bis 2 m Länge sind beschichtbar.
Lesen Sie im Katalog mehr darüber! Für die Printausgabegenügt eine kurze eMail, auf unserer Internetseite können Sieeine virtu elle Ausgabe herunterladen: www.laseroptik.dewww.laseroptik.de
SCHOTT Filter
Through our broad competence in materials, processing, coatings and measurements we are
creating highly customized high-end � lter that enable our partners to develop new features
or gain important new insights. What’s your next milestone?
www.schott.com/advanced_optics
The single source for all your needs.
What’s your next milestone?
By reinventing glass for the past 130 years, we enable ourcustomers to create products that challenge existing expectations,change markets or simply improve their businesses.
Let’s rethinkglass.
milestones.schott.com
// INNOVATION MADE BY ZEISS
Accelerating technological progress.You at ZEISS
Medical technology from ZEISS helps doctors to improve their patients’ quality
of life, research scientists make pioneering discoveries with our microscopes, and
Hollywood movie-makers produce blockbusters with ZEISS camera lenses. And
these are only a few examples of how the ZEISS Group and its 25,000 employees
contribute to technological progress around the globe.
Join ZEISS and discover exciting tasks that are as diverse as our product portfolio.
www.zeiss.com/career
Seit der Unternehmensgründung 1851 hat Corning Incorporated, weltweit führender Hersteller von Spezialglas und Spezialkeramik, eng mit Kunden zusammengearbeitet, um deren Probleme zu ver-stehen, mögliche Lösungen zu untersuchen, und diese dann in Produkte umzusetzen, welche die Welt verändern. Unsere spezifische, kooperative Unternehmens-kultur, gekoppelt mit über 150 Jahren Erfahrung in Materialwissenschaft und Prozessentwicklung, treibt uns an – wenn wir uns den schwierigsten Problemen stellen, uns die Möglichkeiten vorstellen, und diese dann in bahnbrechende Innovationen umsetzen. Wir entwickeln und produzieren Schlüsselkompo-nenten für anspruchsvolle technische Systeme in den Bereichen Consumer Electronics, Abgasnach-behandlung, Telekommunikation und Life Sciences. Corning ist einer der wenigen Hersteller mit weit-reichenden Erfahrungen in Materialwissenschaft, Optik-Design, Glasproduktion, Bearbeitung, Be-schichtung und Montage. Unsere optischen Materia-lien decken das komplette Spektrum ab, vom extre-men Ultraviolett (EUV) bis ins Infrarot. Dies ermög-licht es uns, die Anforderungen vieler Märkte wie Display, Halbleiter, Luft- und Raumfahrt, Astronomie, Augenoptik, Lithographie, industrieller und kommer-zieller Anwendungen, Messtechnik und Telekommu-nikation zu erfüllen.
Photonic Materials
Produkte wie Polarcor® Glaspolarisatoren und optische Spezialfasern (z.B. biegeunempfindlich, polarisationserhaltend, polarisierend oder ver-stärkend) spielen eine wesentliche Rolle in opto-elektronischen Komponenten für die Telekommuni-kation, in der Messtechnik und Sensorik.
Technische Gläser und Glaskeramiken
Das reichhaltige Portfolio technischer Gläser und Glaskeramiken spiegelt Cornings Innovations-potential in der Glastechnologie wider. Das Spektrum reicht von MACOR® maschinenbearbeitbarer Glaskeramik über Strahlenschutzgläser und Eagle XG™ Industrial Grade Substraten bis hin zu Gorilla® Glass, einem kratzresistenten, beständigen Schutzglas für mobile Geräte und Touch Screens.
ULE®, ein Glas mit extremer Temperaturstabilität
Nicht nur EUV-Optiken oder große astronomische Spiegel, sondern auch technische Produkte wie Refe-renzmaßstäbe oder Etalons zählen zu den Anwen-dungsbereichen von ULE®. Der verschwindend ge-ringe Ausdehnungskoeffizient kann zerstörungsfrei bis unter 10 ppb/K zertifiziert werden. Durch die speziellen Eigenschaften von ULE® lassen sich auch Leichtgewichtsstrukturen herstellen, bei denen eine Gewichtsreduktion bis zu 95% erreicht wird.
Synthetisches Quarzglas
Corning HPFS® ist ein synthetisches Quarzglas höchs-ter Reinheit mit exzellenten optischen thermischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften. Die anspruchs-vollen Einsatzgebiete reichen von der Mikrolitho-graphie im DUV über Hochenergielaser bis zu Fenstern für Raumfähren.
Optische Kristalle: CaF2, MgF2
Hohe Transmission im UV und ausgezeichnete Laser-beständigkeit sind der Grund, warum Corning Fluo-ridkristalle für industrielle Anwendungen und Laser-optiken in Industrie, Medizin und Lithographie einge-setzt werden.
Corning Tropel® Precision Optics
Corning Tropel ist ein weltweit führendes Unter-nehmen für die Entwicklung und Herstellung kun-denspezifischer Optik-Subsysteme (Objektive und Module), die zumeist für die Herstellung oder Inspektion von Zwischenprodukten im Prozess zur Fertigung von Halbleiterchips benötigt werden.
Corning Tropel Metrology Instruments
Für Anwendungen in Messlabors, aber auch in Ferti-gungsstraßen in Präzisionsmechanik und Halbleiter-technik sind die Messgeräte von Corning Tropel Metrology Instruments ausgelegt. Corning Tropel ist Spezialist für verschiedene interferometrische Messlösungen im Submikrometerbereich an techni-schen und optischen Flächen. Ebenheit, Parallelität, Winkligkeit, Durchmesser-, Zylinder- und Kegel-messung, Entfernungen, Höhen und Rauheit zählen hierbei zu den typischen Messaufgaben.
Corning International Abraham-Lincoln-Straße 30 D-65189 Wiesbaden
Tel.: 00800-42676464 Fax: 00800-52676464 [email protected] www.corning.com
The Berliner Glas Group is one of the world’s leading providers of optical key components, assemblies and systems as well as high-quality refined technical glass.
With our understanding of optical systems and optical production technology we develop, pro-duce and integrate optics, mechanics and elec-tronics into innovative system solutions for our customers and thus provide a significant contri-bution to their value chain.
Our solutions are used throughout the world in selected market segments of the light-using in-dustries – laser and space technology, semicon-ductor industry, medical technology, metrology and the display industry.
Berliner Glas Group:Your Partner for Optical Systems.
Berliner Glas KGaA Herbert Kubatz GmbH & Co.Phone +49 30 [email protected]
SwissOptic AGPhone +41 71 [email protected]
www.berlinerglasgroup.com
OEM Optical Solutions.From Concept to Volume Production.
For our customers we are a reliable, compe-tent long-term partner along the entire pro-cess chain – from concept to volume produc-tion.
Our services:
■ design and development■ professional worldwide procurement■ reliable production of key components,
assembly and system integration
Substantial contribution to the process chain of our customers
partneropsira measures the optical charac-teristics of products and components to ensure high quality. The measurements, such as the optical properties and characteristics of materials and light sources, are used to ensure high qua-lity simulations and products. opsira measurement services not only pro-vide development input but also ensure that products meet their perfor-mance requirements. opsira carries out measurements fast and at a favorable price.
opsira develops optical systems for industries as diverse as medical techno-logy, automobiles, sensors, household appliances and other consumer goods. Our customers can rely on our know-how within an innovative and enhan-cing market! Our optical engineering is strongly based on our customers’ requirements, which means to create highest quality as well as to save time and costs.
for perfect light
www.stefan-photography.com©
www.opsira.de
The design of opsira's optical measuring systems is strongly based on customerrequirements. The measurement sys-tems are distinguished by graphical interfaces with easy-to-use functionality, portability, low-prices, and customi-zable software. We offer: photome-ters, spectrometers, spectroradiometers, luminance measurement systems, 2pi and 4pi goniometers, far field and near �eld goniophotometers (robogonio), and integrating spheres in various sizes.
For holder with Ø30mm and 1.035“- 40 internal thread
*
Visit us atBooth 17 + 18
GOLD: 7.000 € in ProductsGOLD: 7.000 € in Products
SILVER: 5.000 € in ProductsSILVER: 5.000 € in Products
BRONZE: 3.000 € in ProductsBRONZE: 3.000 € in Products
Apply for the EO EDUCATIONAL AWARD!Submit your application before 30 June 2016 and you could receive one of EO’s 45 global Educational Awards, 15 dedicated to Europe from 250 to 7.000 € in EO products.
For more information visit: www.edmundoptics.eu/award
PLUS, twelve 250 € matching product awards & 3 great
surprises among all applicants
Get your free copy of our NEW CATALOG today including
more than 27.600 articles!
www.edmundoptics.eu/catalog
Apply today!
NEED NEW PRODUCTSFOR YOUR LAB?
NEW PRODUCTS STOCK & CUSTOMO P T I C S
Complete designdata available
Vertically integratedmanufacturing for your
custom assemblies
Quickly build prototypes with stock components
From DESIGN to PROTOTYPE to VOLUME PRODUCTION
Contact Us to Discuss Your Application!UK: +44 (0) 1904 788600
GERMANY: +49 (0) 721 6273730FRANCE: +33 (0) 8 20 20 75 55
[email protected]/manufacturing
Craig AmentOptical Coating Engineer
Barrington, NJ, USA
Switzerland.PRIME OPTIC SYSTEMS – made in Switzerland.Precise down to smallest dimensions
in design, manufacturing and assembly.
Mikrop AGIndustriestrasse 22CH-9301 WittenbachTelefon: +41 71/292 10 80Fax: +41 71/292 10 89E-Mail: [email protected]
GUIDING THE LIGHT.
Switzerland.
www.mikrop.ch
• Integrated Complete SolutionsFrom optical design to prototyping and serial production
• Optical AssembliesMulti-element assemblies: lenses, prisms, housings, compact optical groups
• Spherical LensesAll type of single lenses, achromats, triplets, endoscopic lenses, miniature lenses
• MechanicalLens housings, precision assemblies, mechanical parts, optical mounts
• Capabilities For all capabilities we have please takea close look at our homepage or contact us directly at [email protected]
• Examples – applications- All kind of medical and industrial miniaturized optic- Standard miniaturized objectives for
different CMOS and CCD applications
Switzerland.
Light Tec is an engineering company providing optical design tools and connected services. For more than 15 years Light Tec has been providing cutting edge tools for cutting edge optical design. During this time, more than 2000 companies purchased design or measurement tools from Light Tec. Furthermore Light Tec provides a wide range of optical simulation software covering illumination design (LightTools), automotive lighting (Lucidshape), imaging optical design (CODE V) and micro and nano photonics (RSoft).
Activities
European distributer of SYNOPSYS software packages LightTools, Lucidshape, CODE V, RSoft
Distributor of optical software packages TFCalc (thin film design)
Providing comprehensive technical support and trainings in and English, Russian, German & French language
Developer of scattering measurement equipment (REFLET, Mini-Diff) and providing measurements as service
Engineering service provider in the area of optical developents of imaging and non-imaging system
Services and Developments
Software support and software trainings
Optical developents as service provider
Surface and volume scattering measuremts (BRDF, BTDF, TIS)
Scattering measurement equipment (REFLET, High Specular Measurment System, Mini-Diff)
Measurements and optimization algorithm for volume scattering materials
High Specular Scatterometer Mini-Diff
Contact Light Tec GmbH Friedenheimerstr. 47 80686 Munich Tel: +49 89 5790979 12 Fax: +49 89 5790979 99 www.lighttec.de.com
Reflet Bench
Ihr Entwicklungspartner füroptische und lichttechnische Systeme
Aufbauend auf der jahrelangen Erfahrung unseres Teams aus Physikern, Mathematikern und Ingenieuren, bieten wir Ihnen die gesamte Entwicklungskette für Ihr optisches System.
Hembach Photonik GmbHFinkenstraße 1-3
91126 RednitzhembachDeutschland
Tel: +49 91 22 – 88 99 49 0Fax: +49 91 22 – 88 99 49 9
Optisches Design und Entwicklung
Streulichtanalyse und Störlichtreduktion
Streulichtanwendungen
KonzeptstudienDesign kundenspezifischer Optik
Abbildende und nichtabbildende Systeme Toleranz- und Effizienzanalyse Virtuelle und reale Prototypen
Simulation von Oberflächen- und VolumenstreuungAnalyse von Geisterbildern
BeugungWärmestrahlung
LichtlenkungHomogenisierung von Licht
PartikelgrößenmessungVermessung streuender Materialien
Y
Based phthe
Hembach PhotFink91126 RGermanTel: +49 91 22 – 88 99 49 0Fainwww
eme
es en, Ihr
onik GmbHaße 1-3
ednitzhembachDeutschland
el: +49 91 22 – 88 99 49 0x: +49 91 22 – 88 99 49 9
onik.deonik.de
tion
Your partner for design and analysisof optical and photonic systems
Optical design and development
Straylight analysis and reduction
Light scattering applications
Based on the long term experience of our staff of physicists, mathematicians and engineers, we offer the full development chain of your optical system.
Concept studiesDesign of customized optics
Imaging and non-imaging systemsTolerance and performance analysis
Virtual and real prototypes
Surface and volume scattering simulationGhost images
DiffractionThermal radiation
Guiding lightHomogenizing light
Optical particle sizingMeasurement service for scattering materials
Hembach Photonik GmbHFinkenstrasse 1-391126 RednitzhembachGermanyTel: +49 91 22 – 88 99 49 0Fax: +49 91 22 – 88 99 49 [email protected]
Garbsener Landstraße 1030419 Hannover
Tel.: +49 8153 95 36 87Fax: +49 8153 95 36 98
OptecNet Deutschland e.V.
Aalen
Wissen
Kompetenzen
Innovationen
vernetzen
zusammenführen
fördern
Innovationsnetze Optische Technologien
05.02.2016 10:49:12
Wir vernetzen die Photonik in Niedersachsen
PhotonicNet GmbH Garbsener Landstraße 10 30419 Hannover
www.photonicnet.de
Jobs News Veranstaltungen
Fibotec�Fiberoptics�GmbH
Herpfer�Str.�40,�98617�Meiningen/Germany
www.fibotec.com
Partners�in�Fiber�Optics
Pieces�for�the�Breadboard�Puzzlepoint�light�sources�*�broadband�test�light�sources�*�single�frequency
light�sources�*�fiber�optic�interferometers��*�customized�fiber�optic
components�*�lab�drivers�*�customized�OTDR�*�modules�for�distributed
acoustic�sensing�*�fiber�MOPA�(Er/Yb)�*�EDFA�*�YbDFA�*�low�power�fiber
laser�*�analog�&�digital�electronics
firmware
Fibotec�Fiberoptics�GmbH
Herpfer�Str.�40,�98617�Meiningen/Germany
www.fibotec.com
Partners�in�Fiber�Optics
Core�Technology�for�Industrial�Test,
Measurement�&�Sensing�Instruments
Metrology
Reflectometry
Spectrometry
Fiber�Optical�Component�Testing
Wavefront�Measurement
Doppler�LIDAR
Ranging
Frequency�Conversion
Optical�Pumping
Distributed�Acoustic�Sensing
Raman�and�Brillouin�OTDR
Fiber�Security
Biotechnology
Medical�Equipment
Fiber�Sensing
Automation
- Your Supplier for Optical Materials and Components For more than 80 years OHARA has been recognized as a worldwide leading provider of optical and technical materials. OHARAʼs materials have been designed into many challenging optical and optoelectronic key technologies. Optical Glass With over 140 glass types, OHARA offers a broad portfolio of leading edge materials which are used in binoculars, camera lenses, microscopes, measurement devices, and all other classical optical applications. Special glasses like high UV transmitting Y-types are used in microlithography or astronomical applications. Over 20 different L-types are adapted to the requirements of low process temperature in precision moulding. OHARAʼs optical glasses are available in strip form, and also as near lens shape mouldings for economical use in the polishing processes at our customerʼs production site.
Glass-Ceramic OHARAʼS low-thermal-expansion glass ceramic CLEARCERAM-Z® offers superior properties including chemical resistance, dimensional stability, and machinability. Our material is specified when the highest performance is needed. For example, in reference elements for semiconductor production devices, as bodies for modern laser gyroscopes, or as mirror substrates for astronomical applications. OHARA supplies discs, and machined blanks, with diameters up to 2000mm.
of
Fused Silica OHARA produces high quality fused silica utilizing the VAD production method. Our SK-1300 Fused Silica series offers excellent homogeneity and internal quality. Our materials are widely used in visible, infrared and laser applications. For fiber production, OHARA supplies various types of fused silica in the forms of tubes and rods.
Polished Wafer and Substrates All OHARA materials are available in extremely thin double side polished substrates. Typical dimension ranges surface quality: • diameter: 4 -12 inch • thickness: 100µm ±10µm • Ra>0.1 nm (available in square or round shapes -
if requested, with SEMI orientation flat or notch and laser labelling of your specified serial number in barcode or clear writing formats)
According to strategy and mission, OHARA aligns its continuous development of products according to the need of the international markets. Please contact OHARA with any kind of request.
OHARA GmbH Phone: +49 6192 9650-50 Im Langgewann 4 Fax: +49 6192 9650-51 65719 Hofheim [email protected] Germany www.ohara-gmbh.com
Optics
Spectrophotometers
Wavelength Meters
Spectral Monitoring Systems
190-1100nm / 600-1800nm; resolution 0.003nm
o oreflection / transmission 0 -75 ; 190-4500nm
deposition control of coatings, 190-5000nm
Spectrophotometers
Lasers and Laser ElectronicsVIS He-Ne Lasers543, 594, 633nm; up to 100 mW
IR He-Ne Lasers1.15, 3.39, 3.5, 5.4µm; up to 23mW
He-Cd Lasers325, 442nm; up to 150mW
CW Diode Lasers405-975nm; up to 1W
DPSS Q-switched Nd:YAG Lasers
Flashlamp Pumped Nanosecond Nd:YAG Lasers
Tunable UV-IR-Lasers Powered by Nd:YAG
1064, 532, 355, 266, 213nm; up to 30mJ; 12ns; up to 500Hz
Ti:Sapphire 210-1000nm; Forsterite 580-1360nm; OPO 415-2300nm
Original Solutions with Pulsed Nd:YAG Lasersdouble pulsed lasers, one-body lasers including harmonics or Ti:Sapphire
1577, 1064, 532, 355, 266, 213nm; up to 1400mJ; 5-25ns; up to 100Hz
Flashlamp Pumped Picosecond Nd:YAG Lasers1577, 1064, 532, 355, 266, 213nm; up to 100mJ; 70-80ps; 15Hz
Phase Retardation Plates
Beam Splitting Cubes & Brewster Plates
Laser Mirrors and Optical (Protection) Windowso o
190nm-12µm, HR>99.8%, AR<0.1%, AOI 0 -80 , size up to 400mm
Spherical and Cylindrical Lenses, Axiconsplcx, plcv, bicx, bicv, size up to 400mm, AR/AR<0.1%, 190nm-12µm
o opolarizing / non-polarizing, 190nm-12µm, Tp/Ts>1000, AOI 40 -75
VUV and IR Optics & Crystalline QuartzBaF , CaF , LiF, MgF , ZnSe, Ge, Si, synthetic orientated quartz2 2 2
Laser & Q-Switch CrystalsMe:(KGW,YVO ,YAG,KYW,YLF), Ti:Al O , Co:Spinel 4 2 3
120nm-12µm, low order, zero order with air space, achromatic
Optomechanische Werke
Hans-Knöll-Str.6, 07745 Jena, Tel.: +49 3641 384859, Fax: +49 3641 384860, Email: [email protected], Website: www.vm-tim.de
Flashlamp Pumpingdrivers, capacitor charges, discharge circuits, simmer supplies
Pockels Cell Drivingdrivers, driver boards, high voltage switches, pulse pickers
Diode Pumpinglaser diode controllers and drivers, TEC controllers
Gas Laser DrivingHe-Ne laser power supply
Thermoelectric Cooler (TEC)single (with center hole), multistage, micro
rs The PHOTON RT UV-VIS-NIR scanning spectrophotometer is an universal instrument designed specifically for unattended measurement of planar optical parts with coatings in the 190-4900nm spectral range. Measurement of absolute reflection and transmission at variable 0-75 deg angle and polarization mode are carried out automatically without any additional fixtures and assemblies.
The PHOTON RT software controls automatically the angle of the diffractive grating, mutual orientation of the sample and the photodetectors, reference signal and the exchange of the light sources to ensure the full automatic spectrum scanning of wide spectral range at different polarization states and incident angles in transmission and reflection.
The device configuration and implemented design solutions offer increased simplicity and speed of measurement. The possibilities to measure reflectance and transmittance, as well as polarization dependent reflection and transmission measurements in wide angular and spectral range are standard and offered without any additional fixtures and costs.
Original optical scheme of the spectrophotometer includes a reference channel and provides for study of optical parts from 10mm up to 120mm in diameter.
The device is compact and convenient for everyday use. The body with a large lid offers easy and convenient access to the measuring compartment allowing the optical parts to be placed quickly and securely.
The Photon RT spectrophotometer ensures trustful measurements with a spectral resolution up to 1.2 nm, photometric accuracy up to 0.0050 and repeat accuracy up to 0.0025 in transmission mode.
The software package allows the user to quickly select the mode of measurement and conduct comparative studies, change a scale and grid, store data and add comments, run kinetic studies etc.
oŸ Transmittance T, Ts, Tp (for angles 0-75 ), calculation T(s+p)/2 for a given angle of incidence
oŸ Absolute reflectance R, Rs, Rp (for angles 0–75 ), calculation R(s+p)/2 for a given angle of incidenceŸ Light scattering indicatrix for transmission and reflectanceŸ Measurement of beam splittersŸ Integral values for R and T for specific spectral rangeŸ Color coordinatesŸ Optical density of the sample, 0 – 4 (D)Ÿ Kinetic measurementsŸ Determination of complex refractive index and layer thickness (n, k, d)
Optomechanische Werke
Hans-Knöll-Str.6, 07745 Jena, Tel.: +49 3641 384859, Fax: +49 3641 384860, Email: [email protected], Website: www.vm-tim.de
Viscom AG – Systeme und Lösungen für die optische Inspektion und Röntgenprüfung
Zuverlässige und schnelle 3D-Analyse
S3088 ultra mit Hochleistungs sensorik XM-3D – der neue Standard in der Baugruppeninspektion
Viscom AG – Systeme und Lösungen für die optische Inspektion und Röntgenprüfung
Hochleistungs sensorik XM-3D
Seit über 30 Jahren entwickelt und fertigt die Viscom AG mit Sitz in Hannover hochwertige Inspekti-onssysteme für die Qualitätssiche-rung. Mit Hilfe intelligenter Prüfver-fahren, sei es optische Sensorik, Röntgentechnik oder kombinierte Technologien, finden die hochge-nauen Prüfsysteme alle Fehler, die im Fertigungsprozess auftreten können.
Den Schwerpunkt bilden Systeme und Lösungen für die Inspektion in der Elektronikferti-gung. Neben Prüfsystemen für die automatische optische Inspektion (3D-AOI) spielen auch die manuelle und automatische Röntgenprüfung (3D-MXI und 3D-AXI) eine immer größere Rolle.
Im Bereich der Inspektion elektronischer Baugruppen ist das Unternehmen europäischer Marktführer und auch weltweit ganz vorn zu finden. Mit einem großen Netz aus Nieder-lassungen, Applikationszentren, Servicestützpunkten und Repräsentanten ist Viscom in-ternational vertreten.
Zentrale:Viscom AGCarl-Buderus-Str. 9 - 1530455 HannoverTel.: +49 511 94996-0Fax: +49 511 [email protected]
LASEROPTIK bietet über 30 Jahre Erfahrung in der Produktion hochwerti -ger Laserspiegel.
Von der Entwicklungs-phase über die Proto-typen bis zur Serien-
fertigung können Sie auf unsere begleiten-
de, kompetente Beratung zählen.
Unsere qualifizier- ten Beschichtungs exper tensind Ansprechpartner aus derPraxis für die Praxis. Sie ken-nen die Anforderungen an dieoptischen Komponenten fürIhre Wellenlänge.
So können Sie bereits im Vor-feld der Produktion die richti-gen Entscheidungen treffenund sicher sein, dass IhreLaser-Projekte auf einer soli-den Basis stehen.
Realisierungs- probleme?
Vielleicht sollten Sie vorher mit uns sprechen.
Für bessere Hochleistungsschichten.Von Anfang an.
LASEROPTIK GmbH, Horster Straße 20, D-30826 Garbsen Telefon (0 51 31) 45 97-0, Fax (0 51 31) 45 97 20 Mail: [email protected]
Online-Shop und -Konfigurator: www.laseroptik.de/loop
Wir helfen Ihnen mit unserenHochleistungskomponentenbei der Entwicklung maßge -schneiderter, zukunftsträch -tiger Lösungen.
In unserem Arbeitsspektrum von unter 157nm bis über5m beschichten wir mit 5verschiedenen Verfahren: konventionell, mit Ionen -unter stützung, mit Mag ne - tron sputtern und mit IBS.Optiken bis zu einer Längevon 2m sind beschichtbar.
Wir fertigen Einzelstücke undSerien nach den glei chenstrengen Qualitätsstandards.
Von dieser Kompetenz pro -fitieren weltweit führendeEntwicklungsteams und For -schungslabors in allen Berei -chen der Lasertechnologie –von der ersten Skizze biszum industriereifen Produkt.
Tram lines of Hannover
13521
0
Corporate Members of the DGaO
Back Page: © HMTG / Nick Barlo jr
13.5 149.5
Corporate Members of the DGaO
Hembach Photonik
135
Sights of Hannover
Great Garden of Herrenhausen
The Nanas
New Town Hall
© HMTG
© HMTG / Nick Barlo jr.
© HMTG
117th
Ann
ual M
eetin
g of
the
DGaO
& th
e In
tern
atio
nal C
onfe
renc
e on
App
lied
Opt
ics
and
Phot
onic
s 20
16.
149.5 13.5