international baccalaureate water pollution. introduction what causes water pollution?what causes...
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International BaccalaureateInternational BaccalaureateInternational BaccalaureateInternational Baccalaureate
Water Water PollutionPollutionWater Water PollutionPollution
IntroductionIntroduction
• What Causes Water Pollution?What Causes Water Pollution?
– Human ActivitiesHuman Activities
• EverythiEverything we put in waterng we put in water
• EverythiEverything we do to the waterng we do to the water
EverythiEverything We Put in Waterng We Put in WaterEverythiEverything We Put in Waterng We Put in Water
• SolidSolid
• SewageSewage
• Fertilizers and PesticidesFertilizers and Pesticides
• Oil Oil
SOLID POLLUTIONSOLID POLLUTIONEverything We Put in the Water
Solid PollutionSolid Pollution
Things we put in the water:
–Cans
–Bags
–Bottles
–Plastic
–Paper
Solid Pollution EffectsSolid Pollution Effects
• Blocks the sun’s rays
• Water becomes inhabitable to fish
• Causes an unbalance in ecosystem
SEWAGESEWAGEEverything We Put in the Water
SewageSewage
• What is Sewage?
– Sewage refers to liquid wastes containing a mixture of human wastes and wastewater from non-industrial human activities
• In Many poor areas of the world, sewage remains untreated
Sewage EffectsSewage Effects
• Risk to Human Health– As a Result 1.5 Millions Deaths Occur
• Destroys Marine’s Ecosystems– Harming Fish’s Ability of Reproducing– Eutrophication– Can Increase the Turbidity and Sediments– Fish’s Overall Population
FERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDESFERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDES
Everything We Put in the Water
FertilizersFertilizers
• Materials Used to Provide Plant Nutrients– Contain Essential Ingridients Plants Need – It Can Also be Found in Spray Forms
• Types of Fertilizers– Complete inorganic fertilizers – Special purpose fertilizer – Liquid fertilizers– Slow-release fertilizer– Fertilizer with insecticide
PesticidesPesticides
• 'Pesticide' is a broad term, covering a range of products that are used to control pests.
•Farmers Use Pesticides to:– Protect crops– Prevent animals and insects from
contaminating in foods– safeguard human health
Effects of Fertilizers and PesticidesEffects of Fertilizers and Pesticides
• Eutrophication
• Pollution of water
• Suffocation
• Death of living
organisms
• Diseases on humans
OIL POLLUTIONOIL POLLUTIONEverything We Put in the Water
Oil PollutionOil Pollution
• The worst impacts from oil use is during shipping.
Oil Pollution (Gallons Per Year)
Effects of Oil PollutionEffects of Oil Pollution
• Thousands of Animals Die Immediately– 250,000-500,000 Seabirds– 1,000 Otters– 300 Harbor Seals– 250 Bald Eagles– 22 Orcas
• Destruction of Billions:– Salmons– Herring Eggs
• Sound Pollution
• Desalination
• Electricity Generation
Human Activities
SOUND POLLUTIONSOUND POLLUTIONHuman Activities
Sound PollutionSound Pollution
• Travels 4 times faster than air
• Speed of sound in water 1230 m/s
• It’s louder and it travels for bigger distances
Effects of Sound PollutionEffects of Sound Pollution
• Navigation Problems
• Communication Problems
DESALINATIONDESALINATIONHuman Activities
DesalinationDesalination• Brine in Water
– Natural Compound– 40,000 ppm
Effects of DesalinationEffects of Desalination
– Low Oxygen Concentration
– Dead Zones
ELECTRICITY GENERATINGELECTRICITY GENERATING
Human Activities
Electricity GeneratorsElectricity Generators• Electric Power Plants
– Coal, Oil, or Natural Gas is burned or nuclear fuels undergo fission to release huge amount of energy
– heat turns water to steam, which in turn spins turbines to produce electricity
– the spent steam must be cooled and condensed back into water
– the water used for cooling warms 5 to 10 Celsius degrees
Effects of Electricity GeneratingEffects of Electricity Generating
• Increase in the Temperature of Water
• Increases the metabolic rate of fish
• Dissolved Oxygen in water decreases
• Temperature Increase
• Eutrophication
• Decrease in Dissolved Oxygen
• Dead Zones
• Coral Bleaching
• Global Warming
What Are The Outcomes?
LowDissolvedOxygen
LowDissolvedOxygen
Decreased Fish
Population
Decreased Fish
Population
SuffocatedFish
SuffocatedFish
Altered Food Web
Altered Food Web
TEMPERATUREINCREASETEMPERATUREINCREASE
Effects on Water
Temperature IncreaseTemperature Increase
• Aquatic life adapted to a certain water temperature can go into shock if temperature is increased by 1 or 2 oC (Global Warming)
• Increasing the rate of photosynthesis, which increases the amount of plant growth, developing eutrophic conditions
• Increasing the metabolic rate of fish, which increases their need of oxygen
• Dissolved Oxygen in water decreases
Solid dot - Upper lethal Limit for a Given species
Solid dot - Upper lethal Limit for a Given species
Open dot - Best Temprature for spawningOpen dot - Best Temprature for spawning
Solid blocks – Preferred Temperature RangeSolid blocks – Preferred Temperature Range
EUTROPHICATIONEUTROPHICATIONWater Effects
EutrophicationEutrophication• 20 million tonnes (=17%) of that is retained
in the food we eat, with the rest washed away into rivers and out to sea.
• Explosive blooms of algae (= tiny marine plants), sink to the seabed and decompose, using up all the oxygen and suffocating other marine life.
DECREASE IN THE DISSOLVED OXYGENDECREASE IN THE DISSOLVED OXYGEN
Water Effects
Dissolved OxygenDissolved Oxygen
DEAD ZONESDEAD ZONESEffects on Water
Dead ZonesDead Zones
CORAL BLEACHINGCORAL BLEACHINGEffects on Water
Coral BleachingCoral Bleaching
• Coral Bleaching refers to the loss of colour of corals due to...
•Causes of Coral Bleaching– Temperature– Solar Irradiance– Sedimentation– Fresh Water Dilution– Inorganic Nutrients
Effects of Coral BleachingEffects of Coral Bleaching• Destroys the habitat of marine
organisms
• Slow growth of some populations
• Creates an unbalance in the Ecosystem
GLOBAL WARMINGGLOBAL WARMINGEffects on Water
Global WarmingGlobal Warming•An increase in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere•This is done my releasing a vast amount of CO2 to the atmosphere•A change of temperature of 1-2oC can dramatically change everything:Violent Storms:
Distracts and Destroy our environment.
Climate Shifts:Change in temperature in our season.
Flora and Fauna:Extinctions.
Effects on Humans:No Natural Fresh Water, Fresh area and a HOT environment.
• Reduce the amount of waste you create.
• Before you throw those items away, think about how they can be REUSED.
• Recycling greatly contributes towards improving the environment by reducing solid pollution.
Solutions to Water Pollution
• No overdose of fertilizers and pesticides
• Use them safely and effectively
• Keep fertilizers, leaves and grass clippings off streets and driveway
• Prevent soil erosion
Solutions to Water Pollution
• MARPOL (for MARine POLlution)
• Safer oil tankers
• Pass the heated water through cooling towers or cooling ponds
• Produce less waste heat
• Cogeneration
Solutions to Water Pollution
"Hundreds of millions of people depend on the marine environment for food, for their livelihoods
and for their cultural fulfillment. Unless urgent action is taken to tackle the sources of the
problem, it is likely to escalate rapidly."
Dr. YK PhD
Conclusion