interisland transport project (ports) in indonesia · interisland transport project (ports) in...

Interisland Transport Project (Ports) in Indonesia

July 2005

Summary Environmental Impact Assessment

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 30 June 2005)

Currency unit – rupiah (Rp)

Rp1.00 – $0.000105 $1.00 – Rp9.500.00

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB – Asian Development Bank

AMDAL – Analisa Mengenai Dampak Lingkungan (Environmental Impact Assessment Process) AMDAL includes ANDAL, RKL and RPL

ANDAL – Analisis Dampak Lingkungan (Environmental Impact Assessment, EIA)

BAPEDALDA – Regional Environmental Office

dBA – ‘A’ weighted equivalent decibel

DGSC – Directorate General of Sea Communication

EA – executing agency

EIA – environmental impact assessment

EMP – environmental management plan

GDP – gross domestic product

IA – implementing agency

IEE – initial environmental examination

IRR – internal rate of return

ISO – International Standard Organization

KIK – Kariangau Industrial Park (Kawasan Industri Kariangau)

KLH – Ministry of Environment

LOA – length overall

MOC – Ministry of Communication (Departemen Perhubungan)

MSL – mean sea level

NGO – nongovernment organization

PELINDO – PT. Pelabuhan Indonesia (state-owned port operation company)

PMU – project management unit

RPL – Rencana Pemantauan Linkungan (Environmental Monitoring Program)

SEIA – summary environmental impact assessment

SIEE – summary initial environmental examination

STP – sewerage treatment plan

TA – technical assistance

TBT – tin tributylin

UKL – Upaya Pengelolaan Lingkungan (Environmental Management Effort)

UPL – Upaya Pemantauan Lingkungan (Environmental Monitoring effort)

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

ha – hectare; 1 ha = 10,000 square meters

km – kilometer

m – meter

CONTENTS

Page

Maps

I. INTRODUCTION 1

II. THE BALIKPAPAN PORT COMPONENT 1 A. Description of the Project 1 B. Description of Environment 2 C. Alternatives 4 D. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 5 E. Economic Assessment 8 F. Environmental Management Plan (EMP) 10 G. Public Consultation and Disclosure 11 H. Findings and Recommendations 11 I. Conclusion 12

III. THE JAYAPURA PORT COMPONENT 12 A. Description of Component 12 B. Description of Environment 13 C. Screening of Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 14 D. Institutional Requirements and Environmental Monitoring 16 E. Public Consultation and Disclosure 17 F. Findings and Recommendations 17 G. Conclusion 18

APPENDIXES 1. Details of Environmental Costs: Balikpapan Component 19 2. Environmental Management Action Plan: Balikpapan Component 23 3. Environmental Monitoring Program: Balikpapan Component 30 4. Details of Environmental Costs: Jayapura Component 34 5. Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures: Jayapura Component 37 6. Environmental Monitoring Program: Jayapura Component 41

1

I. INTRODUCTION

1. The Government of Indonesia has requested the Asian Development Bank (ADB) for a loan to expand and improve port facilities at Balikpapan, Kalimantan and Jayapura at Papua. The main thrusts of the proposed Project are to (i) remove capacity constraints and improve operational efficiency and productivity in the port of Jayapura, and (ii) create a new container terminal in Kariangau near Balikpapan port to meet the rapidly growing demands of cargo and passenger traffic. These two ports are owned and operated by PELINDO (PT Pelabuhan Indonesia-State-owned Limited Liability Port Company) IV, under the jurisdiction of the Directorate General of Sea Communications (DGSC) in the Ministry of Commutations. 2. The proposed Project will comprise two major components: (i) ports construction and (ii) capacity building. The port development comprises the construction of a new container terminal for Balikpapan port and expansion of the existing Jayapura port. The capacity building component will consist of preparation of a port reform action plan, port management training, and study on restructuring and rationalizing ferry and sea transport operations. The Project will also promote private sector participation in Balikpapan port. 3. ADB classified the Balikpapan component as environmental category A, requiring an environmental impact assessment (EIA), and the Jayapura component as environmental category B, requiring an initial environmental examination (IEE). The ANDAL (Analisis Dampak Lingkungan or Environmental Impact Assessment Report) for the Balikpapan Port component was prepared by PELINDO IV in 1996 and was updated in 2005. The final ANDAL is yet to be approved by the Ministry of Environment (KLH), as the Balikpapan Port is an international port. An ANDAL for Jayapura component is required by BAPEDALDA (local environmental bureau) due to the concerns over traffic impacts of the proposal extension, and was prepared by PELINDO IV in 2005. The ANDAL is yet to be approved by BAPEDALDA. This summary EIA (SEIA), following ADB’s Environmental Policy and Environmental Assessment Guidelines (2003), is based on the two ANDALs, related updates, and ADB staff’s field visits. This SEIA contains two parts, the Balikpapan Port component and the Jayapura Port component.

II. THE BALIKPAPAN PORT COMPONENT

A. Description of the Project

4. The Project will involve the construction of a new container port located in Kariangau, Balikpapan Bay, and its access road of 1.7 km. The new container terminal is needed because of the congestion of existing facilities in Balikpapan, the Semayang and Kampung Baru terminals. Physical site constraints prevent further extension of the Semayang port site, which currently experiences substantial traffic congestion on the land access routes between the city of Balikpapan and the port. 5. The Kariangau container terminal is located in the east of Balikpapan Bay and is part of the integrated masterplan of Kawasan Industri Kariangau (KIK, Kariangau Industrial Park). The area of the KIK is approximately 2,000 hectares (ha) and will be developed in five phases. The proposed container terminal will be a crucial milestone of phase 1 of the KIK. The AMDAL (Indonesia environmental impact assessment process) was conducted for KIK in 2003, and relevant environmental reports and plans were approved in the same year. A coastal land area of 100 ha has been earmarked and set aside within the KIK for the phased development of the container terminal. The first stage development to be financed by ADB loan will occupy about 10 ha.

2

6. The main activities in this Project during construction are (i) marine construction works of new quays, dredging, and land reclamation; (ii) onshore construction works such as cut and fill operations for construction of new buildings and storage sheds, utilities, drainage and a sewerage treatment plant (STP) for 35 m3 wastewater/day, paved areas and roads, including port access roads; and (iii) installation of cargo handling equipment. Port operation activities include container loading and unloading and related tasks, port maintenance, ship supply services, and administrative tasks. The stage 1 port development is estimated to take 20 months to complete from the start of construction. B. Description of Environment

1. Physical Resources

a. Climate

7. The Project is located in the southern part of the Indonesian province of East Kalimantan on the island of Borneo. Balikpapan Bay showcases a wet tropical climate year around, facing the Makassar Straits. The rainfall is relatively high with average of 2,515.8 mm/year, and the monthly rainfall varies from 143.8–313.4 mm. The average air temperature is 27.1 oC. Monthly wind velocity reaches 8–12 knot, while northerly winds prevail during the rainy season and southerly winds during the dry season.

b. Topography, Geology, Soils

8. The municipality of Balikpapan covers a total area of 750 square kilometers, the area’s topography is 85% mountainous and 15% flat. Kariangau is a 17,532 ha subdistrict located to the north of Balikapan City. The Project site is located along the Balikpapan Bay shoreline with slopes of 0–2% gradient. Coastal knolls are found further inland and form part of the site. Slope gradients reach 15–40%. The terrain for the proposed access road is similarly undulating. Closer to the shoreline, the surface run-off will drain in north-western direction towards Sungai Pada, or directly to the sea.

9. The bathymetric conditions of the site include gently to moderate sloping seabed from the shoreline to about –12m low water spring at between 300 to 400 m of distance from the shoreline. The site’s geology is characterized by alluvial sedimentation, featuring predominantly clay and sandy soils. Similar conditions can be expected for the seabed sediments. Extensive weathering and leaching of soils on steep slopes has occurred because protective vegetation cover has been removed for temporary road access to the site. This has led to the removal of most soluble soil components, with the stormwater run off.

c. Surface, Marine and Groundwater Quality

10. Balikpapan Bay extends north from the mouth of the Makassar Strait. It has a width of 5.6 km at the entrance, and about 20 km lies between the mouth of the bay and Balang Island. From its morphology, the bay may be classified as semiclosed, which makes it a retentive polluting zone. High tide is 1.40 m above mean sea level, and the low tide is 1.40 m below mean sea level.

11. The rivers that flow into Balikpapan Bay are relatively small compared with other

principal rivers in East Kalimantan. They include (i) Wain river (including Wain Kiri, Wain Tengah, and Wain Besar), with a length of 18 km; (ii) Sumber river, 15 km; (iii) Makasaar river, 4 km; (iv) Berenga river, 9 km; and (v) Lempasuang river, 10 km. No rivers are found within the stage 1 site of the proposed Kariangau container terminal. However, Pada river is

3

included within the 100 ha port development area. Another nearby river, Tengah river, also forms part of the proposed KIK project. Sungai Pada and Tengah are estimated to be about 1 km. Both have been earmarked as green buffer zones in the KIK masterplan. 12. The current human population of Kariangau is relatively small. No major industrial sources for water pollution exist in Kariangu. Ambient seawater quality conditions were monitored in the coastal waters in front of the proposed site in 2004. The data show that water quality is in relatively good condition. Heavy metals are far below the water quality standards for marine biota set by the provincial government standards. Surface water quality measurements near Kariangau township further south of Balikpapan Bay taken during 1999–2000 showed that water quality exceeded the standards. Groundwater samples have been analyzed and are generally found to be of good quality and in compliance with standards. Shortage in freshwater supply is a realistic scenario in Balikpapan Bay. Sources of potable water in the Project vicinity are limited. Most of the local communities use rain water collection and tank storage systems. During the dry season, most of them use water from the Sungai Wain catchment. Water prices for groundwater vary between Rp 5,000 to Rp 10,000 per drum.

d. Air Quality and Noise

13. Ambient air quality, including sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, and particulate matter was measured at Kariangau. All items were far below the ambient air quality standards set by the provincial government. The noise level in the coastal area was 48–55 audible decibel (dBA), while that in a settlement was 40–45 dBA, as measured in 2001. This falls below the standards of 70 dBA for East Kalimantan province.

2. Ecological Resources

a. Coastal Ecology

14. The proposed Kariangau container terminal is situated within the Balikpapan Bay coastal ecosystem, which provides habitats for river dolphin, dugong and fish populations. River dolphin populations are more closely associated with the western part of the bay with more extensive mangrove ecosystems along larger rivers such as River Riko. Dugongs have been recorded further north and south from the proposed site. These marine mammals may be moving along the shipping routes in the bay. Discussions have been held with Bappeda to incorporate the mangrove forests between Sungai Wain and Balikpapan Bay into the Sungai Wain management area to link the two ecosystems.

15. The shoreline facing the Makassar Strait provides good fishing grounds for marine

crustaceans such as shrimps and crabs. Fisheries rely on environments such as the mangrove forests around the estuary of the Wain river, which also supports flourishing fish aquaculture activities. The fishermen communities located in Balikpapan Bay produce lobster and milkfish. Also, deep-sea fishing off Balikpapan Bay is increasingly being undertaken. However, the proposed site for the Kariangau terminal is located in the northern part of the bay, outside the major fishing zones. Localized net and cage fisheries take place in waters off the proposed port site.

16. The phytoplankton analysis of 2004 demonstrates relatively rich biota in the coastal

environments. Coral reefs with fair (47.6%) to excellent (86.2%) live coral cover are found in the Balikpapan Bay area (Tiga Gosong) to the south of the project location. However, these are far from the proposed port location.

4

17. Limited mangroves are found along the shoreline in the project area. However, an intact mangrove ecosystem extends to about 500 m on both sides of the Pada and Tengah rivers to the north of the project area. Overall, mangrove forest ecosystems along the eastern side of Balikpapan Bay near the project location are less extensive than along the western coastlines, in the Penajam Paser Utara Regency.

b. Terrestrial Ecology

18. The proposed project site’s infertile hilly terrain is covered by low trees and bushes. Secondary vegetation, Belukar, dominates the inland hilly areas. No protected forests or wildlife zones, and no rare or endangered species have been reported from the site. However, the 100 ha port area is approximately 1.5 km from Hutan Lindung Sungai Wain, with some of the last remaining lowland dipterocarp forests and orangutan populations in the Balikpapan area. Hutan Lindung Sungai Wain is a protected forest for water conservation.

3. Social and Economic Development

19. No known cultural, historical and tourist sites are within the proposed development area. However, the Sungai Wain Hutan Lindung has attracted nature enthusiasts from Balikpapan city and abroad. 20. The Kariangau surrounding area features a low population density of 16 persons/ km2 with a higher birth rate than in other parts of Balikpapan. A total of 1,885 persons, or 68% of the total population of the area, is of working age. Fishermen form a large section of the working population (26.3%) in Balikpapan Bay. Local community expects employment opportunities and increase in income from rising commercial and industrial activities in Kariangau. Fishermen have expressed reservations on the Project, as the port development and container ship traffic may disrupt their fishing activities. C. Alternatives

21. No-Action Alternative. The no-action alternative is not feasible because of the saturated capacities of existing sea port facilities in Balikpapan, namely the Semayang and Kampung Baru terminals, where wharves were not specifically designed for container handling. Projections predict an increasing share of container cargo up to 80% for Balikpapan by 2020, which is far beyond the existing capacities. A no-action scenario would worsen the existing traffic problems on the highway adjacent to the port. Traffic congestions in Balikpapan city deteriorate air quality, cause noise pollution, and negatively affect public health if no actions are taken.

22. Alternative Site. Technical constraints arise in extending the existing Semayang terminal as the most likely alternative site. Around the wharf, the sea bottom shelves steeply, restricting port configuration and space for port operations. Pertamina refinery is located adjacent to Semayang to the north, preventing any extension because of petroleum berths refineries. Developing the port toward the southern direction is not permitted by local government, in view of municipal planning. No space is available for expanding the port area in any direction since the port is surrounded by steeply rising hilly terrain to the back and the fast-growing city to the south.

23. Alternative Design. A design alternative includes moving the wharves landwards, which would reduce the requirements for coastal reclamation. However, this would increase the dredging volume to reach the desired –12 m to –13 m water depths for berthing. Because of the present coastal knolls of about 80 m near the landward north-eastern boundary of the terminal, this would also intensify cutting of slopes.

5

D. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

1. Physical Environment

a. Topography, Geology, Soils

i. Construction Period

24. Reclamation of about 10 ha of land by cut and fill and the construction of revetment may lead to soil erosion, especially when carried out in the hilly coastal terrain of the site. Land- and sea-based earthworks and capital dredging of about 60,000 m3 of material may lead to temporary sedimentation of coastal waters and degradation of seawater quality in the areas adjacent to the construction site. An erosion control management plan should be submitted by the construction contractors before construction, for review and approval by project management unit (PMU). The dumping site of dredged materials should also be carefully allocated and seawater quality monitored. 25. It was found that without the KIK project, the rate of erosion is 64.6 ton/ha/month and it is assumed that with the Project, it will increase to 520.92 ton/ha/month. The soil erosion of some parts of the access road and the KIK will be directed towards Sungai Wain further south. For the access road, this may be approximately 50% of the run-off. A buffer zone has been identified between the industrial developments and the rivers. Such green buffer zones have been also proposed for Pada and Tengah rivers, providing development restrictions. A number of retention ponds have been proposed for the KIK surface drainage system to intercept polluted surface run-off and allow settlement before discharging to rivers. KIK’s phased development will also assist to limit the extent of soil erosion problems at any time.

26. Borrow sites will be confirmed during the detailed design stages for both the port and road construction. These borrow sites should be properly rehabilitated and restored. In line with this, contractors will prepare a borrow-site lay out and an operation and rehabilitation plan.

ii. Operating Period

27. During the operation of the Kariangau container terminal, no significant impacts are predicted other than those resulting from neglected revegetation schemes, and, possibly, landslides along the road resulting from inadequately designed retaining walls and slope protection features. To prevent significant impacts, regular monitoring will be undertaken to determine the adequacy of measures implemented and the need for additional measures.

b. Marine, Surface and Groundwater Quality

i. Construction Period

28. Seawater Quality. Seawater quality may be affected because of the discharge of pollutants and water column stirring during reclamation, dredging and pile installation works. The impacts of increased turbidity in the water column are expected to cease once construction is completed. A staged development of the container port and the adjacent industrial park should allow for periods of recovery of seawater quality. To minimize the rate of erosion and sedimentation, the excavation slopes will be maintained at 1: 20.

29. The following measures are recommended to minimize seawater degradation during construction: (i) surface runoff generated within the development area should be captured in settling ponds (with 48 hour detention capacity) and/or filtered through silt fences before

6

being discharged to the sea; (ii) appropriate dredging methods that minimize water column stirring should be applied; (iii) construction material handling protocol should be provided; (iv) properly bunded facilities for the safe storage of fuel, lubricants, and chemicals will be installed to reduce the risk of water contamination in the event of a spill; and (v) greening will be conducted at roadsides, central separators, side slopes, and borrow sites.

30. Groundwater Quality. Groundwater resources are not expected to be significantly impacted during the construction phase provided that proper sanitary installations are implemented. Sixteen toilets, shower units, and septic tanks will be installed at the workers’ camps to assure proper disposal of sewage during construction, and thus minimize potential contamination of groundwater. As a precautionary measure, monitoring of well water levels should be conducted to avoid overuse, and prevent conflicts with local communities. If at low levels, supplementary potable water should be shipped in from other ports by PELINDO IV. As much as possible, shower and washing water—considered less polluted (”greywater”)—will be recycled and used for irrigating revegetated areas. This water can be allowed to percolate into the ground. Work camp plumbing will be modified to permit such liquid waste separation.

ii. Operational Period

31. Operational Water Demand. During operation, domestic water demand for port workers will be overtaken by water demands by port calling ships. A total water demand of 186 m3 per day is expected for stage 1 operation, which will not affect the water supply in Balikpapan. However, future expansion of the terminal and the development of KIK will result in significantly cumulative impacts on water resources because of the limited sources of fresh water in Balikpapan.

32. Cumulative Impacts of Freshwater Demand. According to estimates by PELINDO IV, the port will need between 150,000 and 200,000 m3 of potable water per year during stage 1. The KIK would need 57 million m3 to 63 million m3 of water per year. A masterplan program identifies the Wain river water catchment area as the main water supply source for the KIK, including the port. Industrial and residential developments of the Pertamina oil refinery complex in Balikpapan draw between 4.0 million m3 and 6.6 million m3 of freshwater from the same catchment area. 33. The capacity of this catchment covers only about 25% of the current water volume needed by Balikpapan. Other water supply areas around Balikpapan Bay, namely the Sungei Manggar catchment, will be insufficient to satisfy Balikpapan city’s growing demand for freshwater in the near future. 34. The local water company has installed deep water wells, but their yields are only 5% of total water production. Sungai Wain could probably supply more than it currently does, particularly in the rainy season. The heightened Manggar dam to the east of Balikpapan city will be operational in 2006, greatly extending the Manggar reservoir. However, unless new freshwater resources are developed, more water shortages will be experienced beyond 2010.1 Ultimately, Balikpapan must adopt a diversified approach to water management. This should include diversifying water sources both from surface run-off and catchments (such as Wain and Manggar rivers), groundwater, and perhaps piping from West Balikpapan Bay; and improvements in water management.

35. Sewage, Wastewater and Solid Waste Treatment. During port operation, accidental or willful discharge of liquid and other wastes by ships may affect surface water

1 In 2004, Balikpapan city experienced 2–3 weeks of freshwater shortage during bottleneck dry weather

conditions.

7

quality. Port operations will generate about 4 to 6 m3 of wastewater per day between 2015 and 2025. Solid waste generation is estimated to be 3 m3/day or 1,095m3/year.

36. The following preventive and/or mitigating measures will be implemented: (i) installation of an oil waste tank to collect and store oil waste from ships, (ii) installation of a small incinerator to safely dispose off burnable waste from ship and port operations, and (iii) installation of proper liquid waste treatment facilities for offices and public access areas of the port.

c. Air Quality

37. During construction, material will have to be moved with heavy equipment such as trucks and construction machinery, requiring extensive transportation. This will create dust and vehicle emissions. To minimize air quality degradation, the following measures will be adopted: (i) using heavy vehicles that have passed emission tests; (ii) distributing dust masks to workers when necessary; and (iii) spraying of water in construction sites during dry weather to reduce dust.

2. Ecological Environment

a. Flora and Fauna

38. Vegetation Cover and Mangrove Removal. The construction of the terminal and the access road will remove vegetation cover. However, the impact will be insignificant as these areas contain mainly secondary growth trees and some remnant mangroves along the shoreline. A potential future northern port extension should follow the KIK final masterplan to leave Sungai Pada intact and keep a green buffer zone for the rivers Pada and Tengah.

. 39. Tree planting will be required along the right-of-way and the shoreline not covered by

the port facility. This task will form an integral part of the contract package for the road construction. Work to undertake this revegetation will, wherever possible, be subcontracted to local communities. Construction workers shall be instructed to protect natural resources, fauna, and flora.

40. Cumulative Impacts of Road Alignment and Port Construction. Significant

cumulative environmental impacts can be expected from the road construction. The port access road will link to a planned Trans-Kalimantan highway that is proposed to cross Balikpapan Bay further north via Balang Island, connecting the two regencies bordering the bay. Transport of container goods to and from the Kariangau Container Port would travel on that land access.

41. This tentative northern alignment for the highway runs along the southern and

western borders of Sungai Wain Protected Forest and an extensive area of old-growth, ecologically valuable mangrove forest along the eastern shores of the bay. Direct negative environmental impacts from road construction such as erosion and blockage of natural drainage may be outweighed and overshadowed by creating access to and accelerating illegal resource extraction from the protected forest. The highway would also become a barrier between the Sungai Wain Protected Forest and coastal mangrove ecosystems, which will undermine conservation efforts to link two ecosystems into one protection zone. 42. Three alternative routes and/or options have been discussed: (i) the existing route via P Balang; (ii) a revised route with options for bridge placement downstream; and (iii) upgrading of the existing Penajam-Balikpapan ferry service to reduce waiting times. The access road to the Kariangau container terminal should be aligned and built to reduce

8

overall environmental impacts. If a consensus is reached to proceed with the southern, less environmentally critical highway alignment, the design of the access road should follow the decision.

b. Marine Fauna

43. The river dolphins and dugongs in Balikpapan Bay may be affected by increased ship traffic. Accidental death of individuals, especially dugongs, may occur through collisions with ship propellers. Accidents of this kind should be reported to BAPEDALDA Balikpapan for further mitigation measures.

44. The capacity building component of the proposed Project will raise the awareness of

environmental impacts of port operators and enhance the environmental management on port operations, which will consequently minimize the risks of damaging the natural environment and facilitate environmental protection in the Project area.

3. Sociocultural Environment

45. Employment Opportunities. The development of the proposed container terminal offers an opportunity to improve the welfare of the population. The estimated 50 to 70% of the job openings for semi-skilled or unskilled labor poses a potential positive impact on the local community during the 20-month construction period. Contractors should be required to give priority to local communities. The increased number of goods passing through Balikpapan will increase the demand for cargo handling services, bringing about job opportunities for semi-skilled and unskilled labor, and business opportunities for processing of such goods. The new container terminal will create an estimated 50 to 80 new permanent job opportunities.

46. Public Health and Sanitation. A potential negative impact will be the increased influx of workers, and wastes generated at camps. This could lead to public health problems, potentially spreading to nearby communities. Mitigation measures include (i) providing toilet facilities, waste bins, clean water, and implementing a solid waste management system; (ii) maintaining proper drainage and sewerage systems; and (iii) providing fumigation services to reduce mosquito breeding.

47. Loss of Fishing Gear and Income from Fisheries. A total of 20 fishing gear units in the project site will be removed and the owners compensated. In addition, some measures are suggested to compensate the loss of fishermen’s income source, such as public socialization of Kariangau Port project, and work opportunities for the local fishermen, when feasible.

E. Economic Assessment

48. Environmental Benefits. The environmental benefits from the Project are as follows:

(i) The existing Balikpapan Port is congested and physically constrained from

further expansion. This has already caused traffic congestion, and air and noise pollution within the city. The proposed terminal outside the main urban area of Balikpapan is expected to solve such congestion problems, and thus improve environmental conditions in the city.

9

(ii) The implementation of a soil erosion and siltation reduction program during construction, as well the installation of proper treatment facilities for sewage and oil waste from the port and ships will safeguard the fishery sector in Balikpapan Bay from degradation of seawater quality.

(iii) As part of the large-scale Kariangau industrial development, the new port

would benefit from environmental services provided by the Sungai Wain Protected Forest. The proposed developments in Kariangau rely on the continuous water catchment function of the nearby forests for water supply. Protecting and enhancing water catchments in Balikpapan Bay remains a key component of strategic development planning in Balikpapan Bay. Since 2002, illegal logging and encroachment has been eradicated, and fire threats met and fought. This management is ongoing. The bulk of the current protected forest management costs for Sungai Wain is being met by the Balikpapan city government. This is currently costing approximately $158,000 (Rp1.5 billion) per annum. As Pertamina is the current primary direct beneficiary of the water from the Sungai Wain Protected Forest, lobbying is currently underway for Pertamina to pay $4 million a year for management of the forest. These figures could represent the current value of environmental benefits provided by the water catchment of Sungai Wain Protected Forest. If KIK benefits from the water supply by Sungai Wain, they too should pay a share of the environmental costs to keep the Sungai Wain Protected Forest intact. The protection of the mangrove forest in rivers of Pada and Tengah would also provide environmental benefits, which are difficult to be quantified.

49. Environmental Costs. The total investment cost for stage 1 of the Kariangau

Container Port is estimated at $58 million. Maintenance costs for the port are approximately $200,000 per year, corresponding to $4.0 million over a 20-year operating period. Thus, the total stage 1 investment, plus maintenance costs for 20 years can be estimated at about $62 million. The total environmental costs (both capital and recurrent costs over a 20 year lifespan) of the Project are estimated at $820,000.00 or about 1.3% to 1.4% of overall project investment and maintenance cost (Appendix 1). The annual recurrent environmental operating expenses over the 20-year project period will likely be about $20,000 per year for stage 1.

50. Economic Analysis of Environmental Impacts. Though a direct benefit-cost ratio cannot be given as most of the environmental benefits are not quantified, the overall costs for environmental mitigation and monitoring measures of an estimated $820,000 are considered reasonable. Provided that the environmental measures are completed as designed and implemented on time, the environmental benefits are expected to outweigh the costs of mitigation and monitoring. When environmental benefits such as the quantified values for mangroves2 and water catchments are considered, the benefit-side would increase considerably.

51. The economic evaluation forecasts an internal economic rate of return (EIRR) of

13.3%. The impacts of the environmental costs are considered negligible.

2 Intact mangroves have been valued in terms of direct and indirect benefits provided at about $14,000 per ha

per year (R. Costanza et. al., 1997. The Value of the World’s Ecosystem Services and Natural Capital”. Nature.). This would translate to about $1.8 million for the mangrove forest along Pada and Tengah rivers.

10

F. Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

1. Environmental Management Plan

52. A detailed environmental management plan (EMP) including mitigation measures and responsibilities has been prepared (Appendix 2) and will be implemented by respective body. DGSC will address the potential significant cumulative environmental impacts related to the water and the access road alignment with stakeholders, including those responsible for the development of KIK, KLH, BAPEDALDA, nongovernment organizations (NGOs) in Balikpapan and the Hutan Lindung Sungai Wain. These meetings should be carried out during the detailed design phase for the port. Results of this process will be used to update the EMP.

53. The PMU of the Project will (i) ensure that the contractors’ work comply with the EMP during the construction period, and (ii) monitor compliance with mitigative measures defined in the EMP during operation.

54. Environmental specifications will be prepared by the PMU. These will then be

included in all bidding documents and operation contracts for the port. Bidders are required to include costs for environmental mitigation measures as outlined in the EMP in their bids. Contracts will include environmental clauses for the contract terms and conditions and detailed technical specifications.

2. Environmental Monitoring

55. An environmental monitoring plan that will monitor the physical and ecological parameters during construction and operation is included in Appendix 2. During construction, compliance monitoring will be completed as the work is being carried out. The PMU will submit semiannual monitoring reports to BAPEDALDA in Balikpapan. The report should be copied to relevant agencies and stakeholders.

56. PMU will collect material from all contractors and provide a construction completion

report to DGSC and ADB no later than 6 months before the completion of the construction work. The report will indicate the timing, extent, and success of mitigation completed, and the maintenance and monitoring needs during operations. Monitoring during operation will also focus on maintaining mitigation measures initiated during the construction period.

3. Institutional Requirements

57. To successfully implement the EMP, DGSC and BAPEDALDA, as supervisory agencies, and PMU as project management unit will ensure the following:

(i) The completely translated SEIA, including the EMP and the monitoring plan, and supplementary data will be made available to BAPEDALDA staff members concerned and all successful contractors and their field offices. The supplementary data should include clear and large-scale maps showing locations of areas where mitigation and monitoring measures will be undertaken.

(ii) A clear chain of command to deal with mitigation implementation and the application of fines in noncompliance situations should be in place.

(iii) Skilled environmental specialists and/or analysts will be engaged to implement the EMP (the specialists and/or analysts could be contracted to local EIA centres at universities).

11

(iv) A systematic and credible data collection and reporting system has been developed.

58. DGSC will ensure that such mitigation measures are implemented and will report

EMP implementation semiannually (during operation and loan servicing) to ADB. PELINDO IV has no full-time staff member to assess, manage and monitor environmental impacts. Training PELINDO IV staff members in Balikpapan on environmental mitigation, monitoring, interpretation, and reporting methods will be essential and is budgeted. PELINDO IV shall also bear environmental monitoring costs during operations. Cost provisions have been made accordingly.

4. Capacity Building in Environmental Management and Monitoring

59. A capacity training program on environmental monitoring and auditing will be provided to PMU and local NGOs to establish their capacity of EMP implementation and auditing. In response to KLH’s Eco-Port Program and future requirements for an international port to obtain an ISO14001 certificate, a technical assistance will be provided to Balikpapan port to undergo ISO14000 training and preparation for certification. Two senior staff members of the environmental sections of DGSC or PMU will be sent to environmental management systems training courses overseas (“train the trainers”). Such programs are established and available in neighboring countries such as Singapore. Trained and qualified staff should then develop more country- and project-specific training programs. G. Public Consultation and Disclosure

60. Public consultation was undertaken twice during the preparation of the draft AMDAL report. Consultation meetings were held on 22 March and 11 April 2005 at KLH in Jakarta. The meetings were attended by central, provincial and regency and/or municipality government officials from various agencies, and village representatives from Kariangau area and a representative from a Balikpapan city NGO.

61. Recommendations of the consultations include (i) using a hydrodynamic model for

sediment distribution during construction to predict impacts more accurately, (ii) considering cumulative environmental impacts of the KIK as described in the ANDAL reports for KIK and including appropriate strategies, (iii) minimizing impacts on mangrove ecosystems and disturbance by waves caused by container ship traffic on local fisheries, and (iv) evaluating the potential site and impacts of dumping dredging materials during port construction.

62. On the social aspects, the project proponent was requested to coordinate further socialization and recruitment programs with the local government. This coordination should involve other local institutions and the Balikpapan Bay Management Agency. PELINDO IV was requested to take these comments into consideration in the final ANDAL submission. Most of the concerns have been incorporated in the EMP. H. Findings and Recommendations

63. Major cumulative impacts have been identified, which include potential encroachment on the mangroves in Pada river, soil erosion, and water uses after the development of KIK and the three stages of Kariangau container terminal in 2005. Stage 1 of the Kariangau container terminal would not interfere with the Pada river and the neighboring mangroves. However, if site locations are changed in the detailed design, the consequences for Pada river will have to be reassessed.

12

64. The green buffer zone for the rivers Pada and Tengah identified in the KIK final masterplan should be followed. This would protect the mangrove forest, and provide essential environmental services such as sediment trapping of upstream surface run-off and nursery grounds for marine organisms. The buffer zones also have been earmarked for ecotourism activities as part of KIK’s integrated masterplan.

65. Detailed soil erosion control measures have been devised for the pre-construction and construction phase of the port and access road in the environmental management action plan. To minimize the cumulative impacts of KIK development, a number of retention basins with small dams have been identified in the KIK final masterplan as part of the KIK surface drainage system. In addition, the allocation of buffer zones along the rivers in the development area, including mangroves, will mitigate surface run-off pollution impacts. This has to be strictly enforced. The phased development of Kariangau terminal and KIK will also limit the extent of soil erosion problems. 66. Potentially significant cumulative environmental impacts will arise if the 2,000 ha KIK will develop concurrently and rapidly, increasing demands for freshwater for industrial and other scheduled activities. Various long-term solutions were discussed, including piping water from the Mahakam, and/or rivers in Penajam or Pasir districts (West Balikpapan Bay), and adequate watershed protection. A diversified approach to water management for the city of Balikpapan is also recommended, which includes users paying for management of the watershed, improving water management and increasing the use of rain water.

67. Three alternatives to the Trans-Kalimantan highway are being discussed. The

Government will be requested to assure the appropriate evaluation of the alternatives to maintain the integrity of the Sungai Wain Protected Forest and the mangroves to the north of Kariangau container terminal. The final route of the highway will be the basis of the final alignment of the access road.

68. A training program will be provided to PMU and a local NGO to develop their capacity for environmental monitoring and auditing. A technical assistance on ISO14000 will also be provided to DGSC, PELINDO IV and Balikpapan port for knowledge on environmental management systems, and to bring the management of Balikpapan Port to international standards. I. Conclusion

69. The proposed stage I development of Kariangau container terminal will cause limited direct and indirect environmental impacts. Provided that the measures defined in the EMP and monitoring plan are carried out throughout the preconstruction, construction, and operational periods, the Project will proceed without serious environmental effects.

III. THE JAYAPURA PORT COMPONENT

A. Description of Component

70. The length of the existing wharfs at Jayapura Port is too short for cargo ships and the structure of wharfs 1 and 2 have seriously deteriorated because of lack of maintenance. In addition, container handling equipment is limited. The Government of Indonesia has planned to extend the wharf and rehabilitate the port operation in phases, and has requested ADB to finance the phase 1 extension.

13

71. Phase 1 will construct a new wharf (wharf 4) with 118 m length and 20 m width at the existing Jayapura Port. Phase 1 also includes the extension of wharfs 1 and 2 by 68 m to form a 200-m consecutive wharf, with further renovation of the existing wharfs for multi-purpose uses. The new wharf 4 will cover 3,000 m2 water area by deck on pile apron. Container yard pavement on 12,000 m2 and procurement of navigation aids and handling equipment for port operations will also be included. 72. In phase 2 (up to 2015), the container yard would be extended by 10,000 m2. Void water area behind wharfs 1 and 2 will be covered by deck on pile apron for open storage. It will also involve upgrading existing storage facilities and procuring additional handling equipment. Phase 2 and future long-term development plans are not proposed for ADB loan financing. 73. The main activities in phase 1 during construction are (i) marine construction works of new quays, piling works; (ii) onshore construction works such pavement for container yards and utilities; and (iii) installation of cargo handling equipment. Port operation activities include general cargo and container loading and unloading and related tasks, port maintenance, ship supply services, and administrative tasks. Phase 1 will take 18 months to complete from start of construction to commissioning of port facilities and newly acquired equipment. B. Description of Environment

1. Physical Environment and Ecological Resources

74. Jayapura port is located on coastal flat terrain, surrounded by karst hills and mountains of 35% to more than 45% slope gradient to the south and west. The weather is tropical humid with an average of about 2,850 mm rainfall per year and average air humidity of 82.6%. 75. Water conditions in the port area can be described as calm because of its location within a natural bay. Madura Island, Kayu Pulo Island, and Suaja Cape further obstruct the mouth of the bay and restricting wave movements. Ambient seawater quality was measured in 2004 at three locations including the port and the nearby passenger terminal. At Jayapura port, a number of parameters exceed national standards, including total suspended solids, biological oxygen demand, ammonia and several heavy metals (nickel, mercury, lead, and chromium). Elevated levels range from 20 times (lead), 100 times (total chromium) to about 500 times (nickel). The sources of the high level metals and their impacts on marine environment are yet to be identified. 76. Coral reefs are found within a radius of several kilometers from the port location, some fringing coral reefs are found to the north and east of the project site at about 4 km distance. Overfishing and the use of destructive fishing techniques such as dynamite have depleted coral reef health, at least in the Jayapura Bay area. In 1994, visual observation estimated that 70% of coral reefs in Jayapura Bay were dead. An analysis of the seabed in 1994 indicated that it is high in calcium oxide and calcium carbonate contents, the building blocks of coral reefs. 77. Air quality and noise were measured at the port location. Air quality was found to be very good and complied with standards. Noise levels were measured at the landward port entrance and the main road. Ambient noise levels varied between 40–50 dB, within noise standard.

14

78. Terrestrial fauna and flora in the port vicinity are of urban type with many cultivated species found. The strict nature reserve (Cagar Alam) Cyclops Mountains/Dafonsoro is a few kilometers away from the port. The 22,500 ha mountainous protected area was gazetted in 1978 and is an area of documented biological significance for several plants, reptiles, amphibians, and mammals.

2. Economic Development and Sociocultural Resources

79. Jayapura regency and city had a per capita income of $2,302 in 2002—more than double the national average of $958. The region lacks transport infrastructure but has abundant land resources. The biggest contributors to gross domestic product in the province are mining and quarrying (47.3%) and agriculture (18.5%). These are also sectors with high growth rates. The population density is only 5 persons/km2. The population of subdistrict Jayapura Selatan shows that the population consists of several Indonesian ethnic groups with some from other provinces outside Papua. In Jayapura, the local ethnic group called Ondoafi holds the highest traditional authority. 80. The local food market presents a variety of pelagic fish of good to high economic value. The production of such valuable fish has increased during recent years with fish stocks being apparently still abundant in the regional seas. Most fish is caught outside Jayapura Bay at a distance of at least 8 km from the port. C. Screening of Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

1. Physical Environment

81. Minor negative impact may occur during the pile installation because of a localized increase in turbidity. However, it is reported that the seabed at the port is mainly made of dead corals and/or calciferous rock, which should limit the negative impacts on seawater quality associated with civil works. Accidental dumping of construction wastes may deteriorate seawater quality temporarily, which should be avoided. 82. The renovation of the existing wharf and demolition of other existing structures may cause dust and noise emissions, affecting air quality and noise levels temporarily. This effect should cease once construction is completed.

2. Seawater Pollution

83. During the operational phase of the port, impacts on seawater quality may result from liquid and other waste discharges into the port area by ships and port operations. Ships may produce liquid wastes such as oil and fuel spills, as well as domestic wastes from seamen. Water pollution by wastewater and solid wastes from port operations may also affect nearby subsistence fisheries. If port structures and ship maintenance work in Jayapura requires the use of anti-fouling paints, leaching of paint constituents into the marine environment may occur. Some paints contain copper and tin tributylin (TBT). High level content of copper or TBT can cause negative impacts on the marine environment. International efforts have been undertaken to fully ban TBT from the use in anti-fouling paint globally by 2008. Copper levels in the 2004 water samples were all well below the standards’ maximum allowable concentrations. 84. Since chromium level exceeds maximum concentration for fisheries by about 20 times and lead concentration is also high, further marine water quality surveys inside and outside the port boundaries would be required to identify the sources and extent of the potential environmental impacts of the heavy metals. A more comprehensive seawater

15

quality baseline monitoring program would collect samples at coastal discharge points of surface stormwater drains, rivers near the town and industrial facilities, as well as from coastal fishing grounds in proximity to the port (1–2 km) and townships. 85. For the port area, the list of water quality parameters should be extended to include TBT, to test if any potential environmental impacts caused by anti-fouling coatings. In case of samples showing exceedances of key seawater quality parameters such as heavy metals, additional analysis of pollutant concentrations in tissue of marine organisms (e.g., shellfish, fish) is recommended. Local laboratories will likely not have the capacity to conduct these detailed tests. A close cooperation with established laboratories and research facilities in other parts of the country would be desirable. 86. The following preventive and mitigating measures will be implemented to minimize the impacts on seawater quality during operation: (i) installing an oil waste facility to temporarily collect and store oil waste from ships; (ii) installing nine units of sanitary facilities and erecting a wastewater treatment plant for offices and public access areas of the port; (iii) constructing a permanent solid waste disposal facility at the port; and (iv) preparing a hazardous spill prevention plan.

3. Indirect Impact on Biodiversity

87. Illegal trade of exotic bird species is a widespread practice in Irian Jaya. Species potentially at risk include birds of paradise, parrots, lories and cockatoos. Insular and montane species are particularly threatened. Specimens are often collected from protected areas such as the Cyclops Mountains or transmigration resettlement areas, and shipped out via ports and airports in the region. 88. Conservation International has identified Jayapura as one of the gateways in Irian Jaya for illegal smuggling of protected bird species and other wildlife species and has earmarked this as a threat to the conservation of birds in Irian Jaya. An estimated 1,000 birds are illegally shipped annually via Jayapura. The wildlife ranger unit of the Department of Forestry retains four staff at Jayapura port to detect smuggling of protected species. Technical facilities such as x-ray gates for wildlife rangers within the port will need to be assessed in the detailed design and installed, if feasible, to conduct effective controls.

4. Employment Opportunities

89. During the construction phase, job opportunities for unskilled labor will be created for local communities. The estimated 50 to 70% of 173 job openings for semi-skilled or unskilled labor will have a potential positive impact on the local community. Recruitment priority should be given to local communities. Coordination with the Dinas Tenaga Kerja Kota Jayapura is advised. During operations, it is estimated that the increase in shipping traffic will require 35 additional staff by 2015 which will offer job opportunities to local people.

5. Public Health and Sanitation

90. During construction, waste generated at construction camps without proper management will cause sanitation systems to degrade, i.e., by scattered garbage, and overflow of gutters and/or sewage systems. This could lead to public health problems, potentially spreading to the communities nearby. Measures to minimize this impact include constructing toilet facilities (bathing, washing, and toilet); providing bins for solid waste disposal throughout the area, providing clean water utilities and cleaning services, and establishing a solid waste management system. The drainage and sewerage systems will also be maintained, and fumigation services provided to reduce mosquito breeding.

16

91. Illegal settlements with low sanitation standards in the port surroundings may develop because of the increased economic activity and employment opportunities in the area. These illegal settlements will need to be monitored and avoided. D. Institutional Requirements and Environmental Monitoring

92. The port of Jayapura retains four staff to monitor and manage waste disposal and general clean up operations within the port’s boundaries. This includes simple devices to contain minor oil and/or hazardous substance spills. However, operational budgets appear to be too limited to carry out any significant clean ups in port areas and waters in case of hazardous substance spills. Budgets are also insufficient for regular environmental monitoring activities. 93. Similar to other ports managed by PELINDO IV, no full-time staff (i.e., environmental compliance officer) was employed by PELINDO IV to help effectively implement the approved EMP and environmental monitoring plan as intended by the national legislation. DGSC will ensure that mitigation measures are implemented and monitoring reports will be submitted semiannually to ADB. To successfully implement the EMP, DGSC and BAPEDALDA, as supervisory agencies, and PMU as project management unit will ensure the following:

(i) The completely translated SIEE, including mitigation measures and monitoring plan, and supplementary data will be made available to the concerned BAPEDALDA staff members and all successful contractors and their field offices. The supplementary data should include clear and large-scale maps showing locations of areas where mitigation and monitoring measures will be undertaken.

(ii) A clear chain of command to deal with mitigation implementation and the application of fines in noncompliance situations should be established.

(iii) Skilled environmental specialists and/or analysts will be engaged to implement the EMP (the specialists and/or analysts could be contracted to local EIA centres at universities).

(iv) A systematic and credible data collection, organization, and reporting system will be developed.

94. PMU will check that the contractors have the necessary mitigation skills, copies of the SIEE, and implementation budget, and are aware of their environmental mitigation responsibilities. PMU will also assure that semiannual monitoring and the construction monitoring completion reports are prepared and submitted to DGSC, BAPEDALDA and ADB, as required. PMU will collect material from all contractors and provide a construction completion report to DGSC and ADB no later than 6 months before the completion of the construction work. The report will indicate the timing, extent, and success of mitigation completed, and the maintenance and monitoring needs during operations. Monitoring during operation will focus on maintaining mitigation measures initiated during the construction period. 95. The budget required for environmental mitigation and monitoring tasks can be divided into one-time (nonrecurring) and recurring costs during the construction and operation phases. This includes one-time building costs for facilities such as for sanitary and sewage treatment infrastructure, solid waste facilities, and temporary mitigation measures during the construction phase. A budget of about $150,000 is estimated for the nonrecurring environmental costs. In addition, recurring costs during the estimated 18 months construction period involve air, noise, marine water monitoring, cost for the temporary septic

17

tanks and solid waste disposal services, as well as environmental supervision. A budget of about $20,000 is estimated for 18 months. Recurring operational costs for environmental maintenance work, including monitoring, technical training, present and additional environmental staff salaries (four workers and one technical environmental supervisor, plus four wildlife rangers) of $22,000 per year during a 20-year operating period have been identified. That is about 10 times the current maximum budget provided by PELINDO IV for port cleaning and related services. 96. The provincial level BAPEDALDA in Jayapura was formally established following the regional autonomy. Total staff at the agency is 23 persons. The technical qualification of BAPEDALDA staff in Jayapura includes AMDAL A, B, C. Four staff members are involved in AMDAL report reviews and other related activities. BAPEDALDA has the capacity to review the environmental monitoring reports submitted by the PMU. 97. Environmental specifications will be prepared by PMU. These will then be included in all bidding documents and operating contracts for the port. Bidders are required to include costs for environmental mitigation measures as outlined in the EMP in their bids. Contracts will include environmental clauses in terms and conditions. E. Public Consultation and Disclosure

98. The Jayapura BAPEDALDA informed the public about the port development project through local radio and newspaper in March 2005. A public consultation was conducted on 23 March 2005 to hear the environmental and social concerns of the affected people. PELINDO IV Jayapura is finalizing the ANDAL based on the comments received from the public and will submit the final ANDAL to BAPEDALDA for final review and approval. 99. During the public consultation, the public’s major concerns included traffic congestion and the protection of a coral reef near the port area, which is a fishing area for a few fishermen. According to the Jayapura BAPEDALDA officer and the Jayapura port officers, the coral reef is quite small and will not be affected by the Project. The draft ANDAL also has not identified this as a significant environmental impact. F. Findings and Recommendations

100. Seawater data of 2004 indicate that several heavy metals exceed standards. Further marine water quality surveys inside and outside the port boundaries would be required to identify the sources and predict the extent of potential environmental impacts on seawater quality accurately. 101. The development of the port offers the potential to improve welfare of the population. This has been described as a positive impact of this subproject. 102. The implementing agency should be aware of the potential threat of illegal trade with protected animal and plant species via the port, following an increase in shipping traffic and general economic activities in Jayapura after the project implementation. Screening devices such as x-ray gates could be installed after further technical assessments during the detailed design. 103. The implementing agency’s capacity for environmental monitoring and management is weak. A training program and a technical assistance on the development of a comprehensive environmental management system have been provided in the mitigation measures, which will prepare Jayapura port for ISO14000 certification.

18

G. Conclusion

104. Based on the presented environmental site conditions, no significant environmental impacts will occur during the upgrading works at Jayapura port provided that the environmental mitigation measures and monitoring plan are carried out on time throughout the Project. Consequently, no further EIA is needed at this stage.

Appendix 1 19

DETAILS OF ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS: BALIKPAPAN COMPONENT

Table A1.1: Estimated One-Time (Nonrecurring) Mitigation Costs Mitigation Measures Unit Cost

(Rp millions) Total Cost

(Rp millions) Design and Construction Period

AMDAL preparation costs Environmental plans, execution plan, and timetable preparation.

150.0

150.0

Erosion control (access road construction, 1.7 km) Geotextile fencing, trees and grass replanting, including slope cover hydroseeding, stormwater settling ponds as silt traps for land-based cut-and-fill operations.

264.75

per km

450.0

Erosion control (port construction, 10 ha) Geotextile fencing, trees and grass replanting, including slope cover hydroseeding, stormwater settling ponds as silt traps for land-based cut-and-fill operations Siltation-reducing construction methods during sea-based reclamation and dredging

60.0

per ha

600.0

Soil conservation and silt control Rehabilitation of spoil sites, including temporary access and borrow sites

150.0

per site

300.0

Sewage treatment facility construction at work camps Septic tanks sufficient for 310 workers at work camps

3.0

per 5 workers

186.0

Sanitary facility construction at work camps 16 toilet and shower units

7.5

per unit

120.0

Water supply services (deep well and water tanks) Construction at work camps

6.0

per 5 workers

372.0

Solid waste facility construction at work camps 0.75

per 5 workers

46.5

Training for construction personnel Port construction units, management units, and emergency units Training of personnel environmental protection units. Training for PMU and NGO Environmental monitoring and auditing

30.0

per training

95.0

60.0

95.0

Destruction/removal of fishing gears 20 units of fishing gear along shoreline

2.50

per fishing gear

50.0

Operating period

Construction of permanent sewage treatment plant for port operations (capacity 35 m3 sewage/day)

5.4

Per m3/day

187.0

Spill management plan Prepare a hazardous materials spill prevention plan

15.0

15.0

Construction ship oil waste holding tank

1.5

m3 oil waste

150.0

Construction of public sanitary facilities 80 permanent workers and 50 nonpermanent workers, 7 units

7.5

per unit

52.5

20 Appendix 1

Mitigation Measures Unit Cost (Rp millions)

Total Cost (Rp millions)

Construction of incinerator for permanent waste disposal

750.0

per 1 m3 solid waste

750.0

Water supply services (deep well and water tanks)

6.0

per 5 workers

156.0

Total nonrecurring mitigation costs 3,741.0

m3 = cubic meter, NGO = nongovernment organization, PMU = project management unit, Rp = Indonesian rupiah. Source: ADB. 2005. Technical Assistance to the Republic of Indonesia for Interisland Transport Project (Ports) – Final Report. Manila.

Appendix 1 21

Table A1.2: Estimated Recurring Environmental Costs Construction Period

Unit Cost / Year Total Rp Description (Rp millions) (Rp millions)

Air quality monitoring Air quality sampling (concrete batching sites and/or construction camps) in three sites (randomly selected areas and sensitive sites). Sample taken quarterly at Rp345,000 per sample for 20 months. Only total suspended particles at two replicates per sample.

6.3

10.5

Noise monitoring Noise at locations where construction sites are near sensitive sites, such as villages, for a total of three sites, to be monitored quarterly at Rp100,000 per sample location during a 20-month period.

1.8

3.0

Water quality monitoring Ambient seawater quality at three service locations quarterly, including reporting Seawater quality monitoring 4 times at four locations surrounding the dumping site of dredging materials during dredging operation

9.0

12.0

15.0

48.0

Solid waste management

Maintenance of solid waste disposal, recycling and/or reuse program at construction camps.

30.0

50.0

Environmental supervision of proposed contracts

54.0

90.0

Other operating costs per year, including audits

20.0

33.0

Total costs (20 months construction period)

250.00

Rp = Indonesian rupiah. Source: ADB. 2005. Technical Assistance to the Republic of Indonesia for Interisland Transport Project (Ports) – Final Report. Manila.

22 Appendix 1

Table A1.3: Estimated Recurring Costs over 20-year Operating Period

Item Description Per Year

(Rp millions) No. of Years

Total Cost (Rp

millions) Annual for protection of environmental facilities and maintenance cost for mitigating measures installed

90.0

20

1,800.0

Annual noise monitoring at two locations twice a year 0.6 3 2.0

Annual ambient seawater quality monitoring at two service locations twice a year, including reporting

3.0

20

60.0

Training Updating environmental procedures

15.0

5

75.0

ISO14001 certifying body for 3 years 50.0 3 150.0

Environmental protection staff salaries Four staff members at Rp 24 million per year for environmental maintenance

36.0

20

720.0

Salaries One staff member at Rp 3 million per year for supervision 54.0 20 1,080.0

Total Operating Period

3,887.0

Total Environmental Costs (include all times)

7,878.0

ISO = International Standard Organization, Rp = Indonesian rupiah. Source: ADB. 2005. Technical Assistance to the Republic of Indonesia for Interisland Transport Project (Ports) – Final Report. Manila.

Appendix 2 23

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN: BALIKPAPAN COMPONENT

Responsibility

Environmental Impact/Issue

Mitigation Measures

Location

Time Frame

Implementation

Supervision

1.1 Mitigation and monitoring implementation plan

A mitigation measures execution and monitoring timetable will be prepared by contractors based on this EMP, SEIA, and ANDAL. The timetable will contain all mitigation measures set out in this table as well as the monitoring program. Roles and responsibilities will be allocated to each task.

Throughout the project site

Before construction starts

Contractor for detailed design/supervision PMU Balikpapan

KLH, BAPEDALDA Kota Balikpapan

1.2 Soil erosion Construction contractors must submit an erosion control management plan before construction. The erosion control management plan should include information on the drainage ways during construction.

Entire site m3


Contractor for detailed design/supervision

IA/PMU BAPEDALDA Kota Balikpapan

1.3. Dredging spoil disposal

Contractor must dispose of about 60,000 m3 of dredging spoils. If feasible use material for reclamation purposes.

Dredging sites Before construction starts

Contractor for detailed design/supervision

IA/PMU BAPEDALDA Kota Balikpapan

1.4 Cumulative impacts of Kariangau development projects (Port, KIK, Highway) on Sungai Wain Protected Forests and mangroves

Contractor must carefully assess the alternative designs of the Trans-Kalimantan highway to maintain the integrity of the Sungai Wain Protected Forests and mangroves to the north of the Kariangau terminal. If a consensus is reached to proceed with the southern, less environmentally critical highway alignment, the ADB-funded road access should follow this decision.

Access road

During the detail design stage

Contractor for detailed design/supervision IA/PMU Balikpapan

KLH, BAPEDALDA, Kota, Balikpapan, and provincial governments. NGOs. Local community leaders.

24 Appendix 2

Responsibility Environmental

Impact/Issue Mitigation Measures

Location

Time Frame

Implementation Supervision

1.5 Environmental specifications for contractor in bid documents, environmental clauses for contracts, and loan covenant

i. Contractor to prepare an environmental section in the terms of reference for bidders

ii. Contractor to prepare a bid evaluations section for environment, according to ADB bid evaluation format

iii. Contractor to prepare environmental contract clauses for contractors (refer to EMP and monitoring table)

iv. Relevant agencies and offices to prepare covenant for the Loan Agreement that requires EMP implementation and monitoring and legally binds DGSC to implement and to be able to show proof with mitigation completion report

Entire project


For items i-iii: Contractor for detailed design/supervision IA/PMU Balikpapan For item iv: IA/PMU/ DGSC

For items i-iii: IA/PMU Balikpapan For item iv: IA/PMU/ DGSC

2. Construction Phase 2.1. Soil 2.1.1. Soil erosion and siltation/ sedimentation

Contractor and relevant agencies and offices to

i. maintain at 1: 20 the excavation slopes ii. maintain the embankment iii. apply one or a number of the well-known

measures to control erosion. iv. collect topsoil and storage in wind protected

location in distance to water is recommended.

Throughout the Project construction and reclamation sites

During the construction period

Construction contractor and IA/PMU Balikpapan

KLH, BAPEDALDA Kota Balikpapan, Kelurahan Kariangau

2.1.2. Borrow pits Where implemented, borrow sites should be properly rehabilitated and restored. Contractors will prepare a borrow-site lay out and a rehabilitation plan.

All borrow and spoil areas


Construction contractor

IA/PMU KLH, BAPEDALDA Kota Balikpapan, Kelurahan Kariangau

Appendix 2 25

Responsibility Environmental Impact/Issue

Mitigation Measures

Location

Time Frame

Implementation Supervision

2.1.3. Contamination of soil by fuel and lubricants

Contractor to provide i. an oil interceptor for wash down and

refueling areas; fuel storage sites shall be located far away (at least 300 m) from coastal shoreline and shall have adequate dykes to contain spills; and

ii. a construction material handling protocol.

Throughout the project corridors, all access roads, and all borrow areas



IA/PMU KLH/ BAPEDALDA Kota Balikpapan, Kelurahan Kariangau

2.2. Water Quantity and Quality

2.2.1. Seawater quality degradation

Contractor and relevant agencies and offices to

i. capture surface runoff generated within the development in settling ponds (with 48 hour detention capacity) and/or filtered through silt fences, before being discharged to sea.

ii. apply appropriate dredging methods that minimize water column stirring.

iii. conduct sampling and analysis of seawater in four locations surrounding the dumping area of dredging materials.

Throughout territorial the waters of the port



Adpel Kota Balikpapan, BAPEDALDA Kota Balikpapan

2.2.2. Ground water quantity and quality degradation, inadequate sewage and wastewater disposal

Contractor to do the following: i. Monitor deep well water levels to avoid

overuse and prevent conflicts with local communities. If at low levels, supplementary potable water would need to be shipped in from other PELINDO ports. Sanitary facilities of about 16 toilets and shower units and septic tanks will be installed at the workers’ camps to assure proper disposal of sewage during construction.

ii. As much as possible, recycle shower and washing water (considered less polluted ”greywater”) use this for irrigation purposes of revegetated areas.

All construction workers’ camps Water supply sites

During establishment, operation, and dismantling of such camps



26 Appendix 2



Location

Time Frame

Implementation Supervision 2.2.3. Alteration of drainage

Contractor to properly dispose of earth, stone and construction materials in sections along the watercourses and areas close to cross-drainage channels, so as not to block the flow and/or drainage systems.

Throughout the project corridors, all access roads, and all borrow areas




2.3. Air Quality 2.3. 1.Vehicle emissions and dust generation

To minimized the air quality degradation, some measures are suggested:

i. Using heavy vehicles that have passed emission tests.

ii. Distributing dust masks to workers. iii. Spraying water on construction sites

during dry weather to reduce dust development.

Throughout the Project construction sites, along the material transportation lines, reclamation sites, and surrounding settlement area (Kelurahan Kariangau)




2.4. Noise Pollution 2.4.1. Noise from vehicles and equipment

Contractor to ensure that equipment are properly maintained and operating times restricted to greatly reduce noise levels. A minimum distance of 500 m from residential areas for rock crushing, concrete mixing, and materials shipment yards will also help to reduce noise levels.

Throughout the Project construction sites, along the material transportation lines, reclamation sites, and surrounding settlement area (Kelurahan Kariangau)




Appendix 2 27


Mitigation Measures

Location

Time Frame Implementation Supervision

2.5. Ecological Environment 2.5.1. Loss and damage to Vegetation

Tree planting will be required along the right-of-way so that at least five times the number of trees removed will be replanted. This task will form an integral part of the contract package for the road construction. Construction workers shall be instructed to protect natural resources, fauna, and flora.

Throughout the project sites, all access roads, and all borrow areas




2.6. Sociocultural Environment 2.6.1. Rise in employment opportunities

i. For semi-skilled or unskilled job openings, priority should be given in recruiting workers from local communities (Kariangau, Teluk Waru, etc.), including fishermen.

ii. Requirement for local labor recruitment in the contract of the contractors

Kecamatan Balikpapan Barat, Kelurahan Kariangau, Kota Balikpapan

During the construction and worker recruitment


Dinas Kerja Kota Balikpapan Kelurahan Kariangau

2.6.2. Loss of fishing gear and income from fisheries

i. DGSC will provide compensation payments ii. Hire affected fishermen as construction

workers

Kecamatan Balikpapan Barat, Kelurahan Kariangau, Kota Balikpapan


IA/PMU Balikpapan

BAPEDALDA Kota Balikpapan, Kariangau fishermen community leader, NGOs, Kelurahan Kariangau

2.6.3 Inadequate public health, sanitation and waste disposal in construction camps

Contractor to i. provide toilet facilities, trash bins, clean

water utilities, cleaning services, and solid waste management systems;

ii. maintain proper drainage and sewerage systems; and

iii. providing fumigation services to reduce mosquito breeding.

Throughout the Kariangau Port project area


Contractor and IA/PMU

Dinas Kebersihan Kota Balikpapan (Sanitation Dept.) Bapeldalda Kota Balikpapan, Kelurahan Kariangau

28 Appendix 2



Location

Time Frame

Implementation Supervision 2.6.4. Lack of environmental technical capacity

Upon recruitment of personnel, relevant offices and/or agencies to train construction personnel assigned to environmental tasks in environmental mitigation management, monitoring, and reporting (minimum of 2 days).

Port construction units, management units, emergency and evacuation units, environmental protection units

During start of construction, recruitment

KLH, BAPEDALDA Kota Balikpapan

IA/PMU and KLH

3. Operation Phase 3.1. Inadequate sewage, wastewater, stormwater and solid waste treatment

The following preventive and/or mitigating measures will be implemented by the port operator: i. Installation of an oil waste tank to collect

and store oil waste from ships. ii. Installation of a 1 m3 incinerator to safely

dispose of burnable waste from ship and port operations.

iii. Installation of proper public sanitary and liquid waste treatment facilities for the permanent offices and public access areas of the port.

Port area During the operational period

Port operator KLH, BAPEDALDA Kota Balikpapan

3.2. Cumulative impacts of water demand (long term)

For the development horizon of 2015, a total water demand by Kariangau Port of 186 m3 per day was calculated, increasing to 452 m3 per day for the development horizon 2025. The environmental assessment report for the Kariangau Industrial Park (KIK) identifies water needs of 57 to 63 million m3 per year. A comprehensive regional water supply strategy and management plan is required for long-term water demands of all Balikpapan Bay stakeholders.

All project sites, KIK, Kota Balikpapan and water catchment areas in Kota Balikpapan (Sungai Wain Protected Forest)

During the operational period

Dept. Public Works, Dept. Kehutanan (Forestry), KLH, provincial and Kota Balikpapan , local water company, Pertimina Terminal

Provincial and Balikpapan Kota government, all water –related stakeholders

Appendix 2 29


Mitigation Measures

Location

Time Frame Implementation Supervision

3.3. Noise pollution and traffic Management

The port operator will monitor noise pollution at two sites. If no or fewer than 15% of readings are found to exceed acceptable levels, monitoring will be reduced. To minimize traffic congestion, the following steps will be implemented: installation of traffic signs, placement of traffic regulator at the port entrance and exit, and periodic reexamination of traffic management.

Two sites on the access road to the port


Port operator Port operator, Traffic management authority, Kota Balikpapan

3.4. Inadequate public health

The port operator will ensure i. solid waste management (recycling and

incineration); ii. maintenance of drainage and sewerage

system; and iii. provision of mask for workers , when

necessary

Throughout the Kariangau port area


Port operator

BAPEDALDA Kota Balikpapan

3.5. Impacts of ship traffic on marine mammal populations

Accidental death of river dolphin and dugong because of collisions with ship propellers should be reported to BAPEDALDA Balikpapan for further mitigation measures.

Throughout territorial waters of the port


Port operator BAPEDALDA Kota Balikpapan

3.6. New business opportunities

PELINDO IV should provide local community spin-off business opportunities at the port.

Kelurahan Kariangau and its surrounding area


Port operator Dinas Kerja Kota Balikpapan, Kelurahan Kariangau

ADB = Asian Development Bank, ANDAL = Environmental Impact Assessment Report, BAPEDALDA = Regional Environmental Office, DGSC = Directorate General of Sea Communication, EMP = environmental management plan, IA = implementing agency, KLH = Ministry of Environment, NGO = nongovernment organization, PELINDO = state-owned port company, PMU = project management unit, SEIA = summary environmental impact assessment.

30 Appendix 3

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM: BALIKPAPAN COMPONENT

Monitoring Item Monitoring Details Timing Executing Unit Reporting

Responsibility Preconstruction Period 1.1. Mitigation and Monitoring Timetable

Contractor will prepare a mitigation and monitoring implementation timetable and will become part of the contracts required mitigation activities

Before groundbreaking

Contractor for detailed design/supervision IA/PMU

IA/PMU

1.2. Loss of fishing gear and income from fisheries

IA/PMU to document the type and number of fishing gear removed from area under construction.

Before construction begins

IA/PMU IA/PMU

1.3 Environmental specifications for contractor and environmental clauses in contracts and loan covenant

IA/PMU to provide drafts of key environmental inputs for inclusion in bid preparation documents and contractor selection.

Preparation of bid documents


IA/PMU

1.4. Soil erosion

Contractor to confirm that the erosion control management plan has been updated according to the detailed design

Before construction begins


IA/PMU

1.5 Mitigation plans and timetables

Contractor to assure that all relevant documents for environmental mitigation and monitoring measures, and timetables are translated into Indonesian language for distribution.

For use by construction contractors


IA/PMU

Construction Period 2.1.Air quality Specialists to monitor air quality at three locations of the

project: inside the concrete batching sites, cut and fill area, and along the reclamation material transportation lines (randomly selected and sensitive sites). Monitoring for CO2, NOx, SOx and dust will be conducted every 3 months during construction period.

Quarterly, during the construction period

Specialists working for construction contractor

IA/PMU

2.2.Erosion and sedimentation

Contractor to inspect and file report (tabular format) on whether erosion control measures are in place and functioning as specified in the erosion control management plan, including survival of plantings.

Inspect sites monthly

Construction contractor and IA/PMU environmental inspectors

Contractor should submit reports to BAPEDALDA Kota Balikpapan via IA/PMU

Appendix 3 31

Monitoring Item Monitoring Details Timing Executing Unit Reporting Responsibility

2.3 Seawater quality

Specialists to monitor the ambient seawater quality at the coastal waters surrounding Kariangau terminal area and dumping area of dredging materials. The parameters include BOD, COD, turbidity, TSS, grease and oil. Monitoring will be conducted by taking water samples from three locations during low and high tide conditions in the terminal area, and four locations surrounding the dumping area monthly during dredging operation.

Quarterly, during the construction period; Monthly during dredging


Contractor should submit reports via IA/PMU to KLH, BAPEDALDA Kota Balikpapan, Adpel Balikpapan, Local Office of Communication

2.4 Construction noise

Specialists to monitor noise levels at three sites near construction activities, such a villages.



IA/PMU

2.5 Sewage treatment

Contractor to inspect sewage systems (i.e., septic tanks) installed at worker camps, check for damp areas and other signs of leakage in soil around the septic tanks, assure that ventilation pipes are covered and mosquito breeding is prevented.

Inspect once a month, during the construction period


Contractor should submit reports to BAPEDALDA Kota Balikpapan and Puplic Health Department via IA/PMU

2.6 Ground water quantity

Contractor to inspect water levels at deep wells to avoid overuse and prevent conflicts with local communities. If at low levels, supplementary potable water would need to be shipped in from other PELINDO ports.

Inspect once a week, during the construction period


Contractor should submit reports to BAPEDALDA Kota Balikpapan and Puplic Health Department via IA/PMU

2.7. Rise in employment opportunities/ work safety

Contractor to prepare reports on the total number of local workers, the workers’ qualifications, workers’ place of origin, and total cases of work-related accidents and submitted to the relevant agencies and offices.

Monthly, starting from recruitment of the construction workers and during the construction period

Construction contractors Contractor should submit reports to the Local Office of Labours, BAPEDALDA Kota Balikpapan, Kelurahan

32 Appendix 3


Kariangau Office 2.8. Rising social conflicts

Contractor to monitor workers and the local community to detect the early development of social conflicts between the local and foreign workers or between the workers and the local community.

Monthly, Starting from recruitment of the construction workers and during the construction period

Construction contractors Contractor should submit reports to the Local Office of Labours, BAPEDALDA, Kota Balikpapan, Kelurahan Kariangau Office

Operational Period 3.1 Noise Specialists to measure noise levels at two locations. After the

second round of measurements, the monitoring program will be reexamined to determine future needs and any changes. If no or fewer than 15% of readings are found to exceed acceptable levels, monitoring will be reduced.

Twice per year for the first year

Specialists working for port operator

Port operator to submit report to Balikpapan to KLH, BAPEDALDA, Kota Balikpapan


Specialists to monitor the ambient seawater quality within the Kariangau Port area, and covering the parameters of BOD, COD, turbidity, TSS, grease and oil. Monitoring will be conducted by taking water samples from two locations during low and high tide conditions

Twice per year (dry and wet season)

Specialists working for port operator



Environmental inspectors to inspect sewage installed at port, confirming compliance with effluent quality standards.

Monthly Port operator environmental inspectors


3.4. Water demand

Monitoring of water demand by port operations. Liaise with agencies involved in preparing a comprehensive water supply strategy for Balikpapan Bay on water demand projections for port extension.

Monthly Port operator environmental inspectors

Port operator to submit report to Balikpapan to KLH, BAPEDALDA Kota Balikpapan, local water company

3.5. Tree planting Environmental inspectors to monitor reforestation program to determine compliance and maintenance in terms of numbers

Twice per year for 2 years, starting 6

Port operator environmental inspectors

Port operator to submit report to

Appendix 3 33


and tree survival. months after planting

Balikpapan to KLH, BAPEDALDA Kota Balikpapan

3.6. Settlements with low sanitation standards in port surrounding

Environmental inspectors to monitor sanitation in the areas surrounding the Kariangau Port 3 months during operational period

During the operation period

Port operator environmental inspectors

PELINDO IV should submit reports to the Local Office of City Planning and BAPEDALDA Kota Balikpapan

BOD = biological oxygen demand, CO2 = carbon dioxide, COD = chemical oxygen demand, IA = implementing agency, KLH = Ministry of Environment, NOx = nitro oxides, PELINDO = state-owned port company, PMU = project management unit, SOx = sulfur oxides, TSS = total suspended solids.

34 Appendix 4

DETAILS OF ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS: JAYAPURA COMPONENT

Table A4.1: Table Estimated One-Time (Nonrecurring) Mitigation Costs for the Project

Mitigation Measures Unit Cost (Rp million)

Total Cost (Rp million)

Design and construction period

Sewage treatment facility construction at work camps Septic tanks sufficient for 173 workers at work camps

2.00

per 5 workers

70.0

Sanitary facility construction at work camps 9 toilet and shower units

5.00

per unit

45.0

Water supply services (water tanks) construction at work camps

4.00

per 5 workers

140.00

Solid waste facility construction at work camps 0.5

per 5 workers

18.0

Training for construction personnel Port construction units, management units, and emergency units Training of personnel environmental protection units.

20.0

per training

40.0

Training for PMU and NGO Environmental monitoring and auditing

95.0

95.0

Additional protection of coral reefs from siltation

50.0

50.0

Operating period

Connection to permanent sewage treatment plant for port operations

50.0

50.0

Spill management plan Prepare a hazardous materials spill prevention plan

10.0 10.0

Construction of additional ship oil waste holding tank

1.0 m3 oil waste

50.0

Construction of additional public sanitary facilities 45 additional permanent workers in phase 2

5.00 per unit

15.0

Construction of additional facilities for permanent waste disposal

0.2 2.0

Construction of additional water supply services (water tanks)

4.00

per 5 workers

36.0

Total nonrecurring mitigation costs 841.0

NGO = nongovernment organization, PMU = project management unit, Rp = Indonesian rupiah. Source: ADB. 2005. Technical Assistance to the Republic of Indonesia for Interisland Transport Project (Ports) – Final Report. Manila.

Appendix 4 35

Table A4.2: Estimated Recurring Environmental Costs Construction Period

Unit Cost / Year Total Rp Description (Rp million) (Rp million)

Air quality monitoring Air quality sampling (concrete batching sites and/or construction camps) in three sites (randomly selected areas and sensitive sites). Sample taken quarterly at Rp345,000 per sample for 15 months. Only total suspended particles at two replicates per sample.

4.2

5.5

Noise monitoring Noise at locations where construction sites are near sensitive sites, such as villages, for a total of three sites, to be monitored quarterly at Rp100,000 per sample location during a 15 months period.

1.2

1.5

Water quality monitoring Ambient seawater quality at three service locations quarterly, including reporting

6.0

7.5

Solid waste management

Maintenance of solid waste disposal, recycling and/or reuse program at construction camps.

20.0

25.0

Environmental supervision of proposed contracts

36.0

45.0

Other operating costs per year, including audits

20.0

25.0

Total costs over 15 months construction period

109.5

36 Appendix 4

Table A4.3: Estimated Recurring Costs over 20-year Operating Period

Description Per Year

(Rp millions) No. of Years

Total Cost (Rp millions)

Annual cost for protection of environmental facilities and maintenance cost for mitigating measures installed

40.0

20

800.0

Annual monitoring noise monitoring at two locations twice a year 0.4 20 8.0

Annual ambient seawater quality monitoring at two service locations twice a year, including reporting

2.0

20

40.0

Training Updating environmental procedures ISO14001 certifying body for 3 years

10.0

50

5

3

50.0

150

Environmental protection staff salaries Four staff members at Rp 24 million per year for environmental maintenance 24.0 20 480.0 Salaries One staff member at Rp 3 million per year for supervision.* 3.0 20 60.0

Salaries for four trained customer officers and/or conservation department officers to control illegal smuggling of protected species at port

4.0

20

80.0

Total operating period

1,668.0

Total environmental costs (include all times)

2,623.5

ISO = International Standard Organization. * Optional: Environmental site supervisor and/or manager may be located at PELINDO IV HQ in Makassar in charge of several port projects and conducts inspection trips to the ports on quarterly basis. Source: ADB. 2005. Technical Assistance to the Republic of Indonesia for Interisland Transport Project (Ports) – Final Report. Manila.

Appendix 5 37

POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES: JAYAPURA COMPONENT

Responsibility


Mitigation Measures

Location

Time Frame

Implementation

Supervision

1.Preconstruction Phase 1.1 Mitigation and monitoring implementation plan

A mitigation measures execution and monitoring timetable based on this environmental management action plan (EMP), environmental impact assessment (EIA), and summary EIA will be prepared by contractor. The timetable will contain all mitigation measures set out in this table as well as the monitoring program. Roles and responsibilities will be allocated to each task.

Throughout the project site


Contractor for detailed design/ Supervision PELINDO IV Jayapura

BAPEDALDA

2.Construction Phase 2.1 Soil 2.1. Contamination of soil by fuel and lubricants

i. Vehicle, machinery and equipment maintenance and refueling shall be carried out by contractor so that spilled materials do not seep into the soil. An oil interceptor should be provided for wash down and refueling areas. Fuel storage sites shall be located at least 300 meters from coastal shoreline and shall have adequate dykes to contain spills. Contractor should collect and dispose of all spilled materials and contaminated earth shall be.

ii. A construction material handling protocol should be provided by contractor.

Throughout the Project During the construction period

Construction Contractor

PELINDO IV Jayapura BAPEDALDA

2.2 Air Quality 2.2.1.Vehicle emissions and dust generation

To minimize the air quality degradation, some measures are suggested : (i) using heavy vehicles that have passed emission tests, (ii) distributing dust masks to workers, and (iii) spraying water on construction sites during dry weather to reduce dust development

Throughout the Project construction sites, along the material transportation lines, and city of Jayapura




38 Appendix 4

38 Appendix 5

Responsibility


Mitigation Measures

Location

Time Frame

Implementation

Supervision

2.3. Noise Pollution and Traffic Congestion 2.3.1. Noise from vehicles and equipment and traffic congestion

Contractor to ensure that equipment are properly maintained and operating times restricted to greatly reduce noise levels. A minimum distance of 500 m from residential areas for rock crushing, concrete mixing, and materials shipment yards will also help to reduce noise levels. To minimize traffic congestion, contractor to: (i) realign roadways and parking access road widening, and overpass for passengers during construction; and (ii) install traffic signs at the port entrance, on adjacent road and on the parking area of the passenger terminal.

Throughout the Project construction sites, along the material transportation lines, and city of Jayapura; Roads and parking in the vicinity of the entrance to the port and passenger terminal.




2.4. Sociocultural Environment 2.4.1. Rise in employment opportunities

i. With an estimated 50 to 70% of the job openings for semi-skilled or unskilled labor, contractor will be required to give priority to recruiting workers from local communities.

Administrative area of Jayapura and surrounding regencies

During the construction and worker recruitment

Construction contractor and PELINDO IV Jayapura

Dinas Kerja Kota Jayapura (work Dept.) Kelurahan Jayapura

2.4.2 Inadequate public health, sanitation and waste disposal in construction camps

Contractor to (i) provide toilet facilities (bathing, washing,

and toilet) (ii) provide bins for solid waste disposal

throughout the area (iii) provide the clean water utilities (iv) provide cleaning services (v) provide solid waste management systems (vi) maintain proper drainage and sewerage

systems (vii) provide fumigation services to reduce

mosquito breeding.

Throughout the Jayapura Port Project Area


Contractor and PELINDO IV Jayapura

Dinas Kebersihan Kota Jayapura (Sanitation Dept.) Bapeldalda

Appendix 5 39

Responsibility


Mitigation Measures

Location

Time Frame

Implementation

Supervision

2.4.3 Lack of environmental technical capacity

Upon recruitment of personnel, the relevant agency and/or offices should train construction personnel assigned to environmental tasks in environmental mitigation management , monitoring, and reporting (minimum of 2 days) Environmental monitoring and audit training will be provided to PELINDO IV staff.

Port construction units, management units, emergency and evacuation units, environmental protection units

During start of construction, recruitment


PELINDO IV Jayapura

3. Operational Phase 3.1. Inadequate sewage, wastewater, stormwater and solid waste treatment

The following preventive and/or mitigating measures will be implemented:

(i) Installation of an oil waste facility to collect and store oil waste from ships temporarily.

(ii) Installation of a solid waste bin centre to safely dispose of waste from ship and port operations and for recycling.

(iii) Installation of sewage treatment facilities for the offices and public access areas of the port.

See also further seawater baseline monitoring program below. If seawater pollution can be related to port operations, adequate mitigation measures are necessary.

All project sites During the operational period

PELINDO IV Jayapura

BAPEDALDA

3.2. Illegal settlements with low sanitation standards in port surrounding

Relevant agency to ensure (i) early detection and management of low sanitation settlements developing spontaneously, and (ii) control on the development of settlements through coordination with the government of Kota Jayapura

Throughout the port and the surrounding area


PELINDO IV Jayapura

Dinas Tata Kota Jayapura (Spatial planning)

40 Appendix 4

40 Appendix 5

Responsibility


Mitigation Measures

Location

Time Frame

Implementation

Supervision

3.3. Noise Pollution and Traffic Congestion

Noise pollution will be monitored by the relevant agency at two sites. If more than 15% of readings are found to exceed acceptable levels, at any time, mitigative measures must be taken and monitoring must continue. If no or fewer than 15% of readings are found to exceed acceptable levels, monitoring will be reduced. To minimize traffic congestion the following steps will be implemented: (i) traffic management at the port entrance, on adjacent road and on the parking area of the passenger terminal, (ii) enforcement of parking rules during peak hours, and (iii) periodic reexamination of traffic management.

Throughout the access road to the port


PELINDO IV Jayapura

PELINDO IV Jayapura, Traffic management authority, Kota Jayapura

3.4 Biodiversity cumulative impacts Potential increase in smuggling of protected species from Papua via Jayapura ports

Screening devices such as X-ray gates could be installed to conduct effective controls. The installation of X-ray gates will be confirmed after further technical feasibility assessments during the detailed design.

Throughout the port and calling ships Cyclops Mountains


PELINDO IV Jayapura Rangers of the Department of Forestry

Customs authorities BAPEDALDA NGO

3.5 Lack of environmental technical capacity at IA level

Relevant agency to set up an environmental management system (EMS) in line with internationally accepted environmental standards such as the ISO 14000 series.

Port management units


PELINDO IV Jayapura EMS auditors

PELINDO IV Jayapura KLH Eco-port program

BAPEDALDA = Regional Environmental Office, KLH = Ministry of Environment, NGO = nongovernment organization, PELINDO = state-owned port company

Appendix 6 41

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM: JAYAPURA COMPONENT

Environmental Monitoring Item

Monitoring Details Timing Executing Unit Reporting Responsibility

1. Preconstruction Period 1.1 Environmental specifications for contractor and environmental clauses in contracts and loan covenant

PELINDO IV Jayapura to provide drafts of key environmental inputs for inclusion in bid preparation documents and contractor selection.

For inclusion as part of bid documentation and environmental clauses in contracts and loan

PELINDO IV Jayapura

PELINDO IV Jayapura

1.2 Mitigation plans and timetables

Contractor to assure that all relevant documents for environmental mitigation and monitoring measures and timetables are translated into Indonesian language for distribution.

For use by construction contractors

Contractor for detailed designs, PELINDO IV Jayapura

PELINDO IV Jayapura

1.3. Seawater quality baseline monitoring program

Contractor to collect samples (three times) at coastal discharge points of surface stormwater drains and rivers near the town and industrial facilities, as well as from coastal fishing grounds in proximity to the port (1–2 km) and townships. For the port area, the list of water quality parameters should be extended to include tin tributylin to test for any potential environmental impacts caused by anti-fouling coatings. In case of samples showing exceedances for key seawater quality parameters such as heavy metals, additional analysis of pollutant concentrations in tissue of marine organisms (e.g., shellfish, fish) is recommended.

Prior to start of construction

PELINDO IV Jayapura, qualified contractor and laboratory

PELINDO IV Jayapura

1.4. Traffic management, illegal smuggling of species

Consultants to incorporate environmental mitigation measures in the design—notably traffic management measures at entrance to the port and in the vicinity of the terminal area; office accommodations for park rangers of the Department of Forestry, and carry out technical feasibility assessment of x-ray gates.

Design phase Design and supervision consultants

PELINDO IV Jayapura

2. Construction Period 2.1.Air quality Air quality will be monitored by specialists at three locations of

the project. Monitoring for CO2, NOx, SOx and dust will be conducted every 3 months during construction period.



PELINDO IV Jayapura


The ambient seawater quality will be monitored by specialists at the coastal waters surrounding Jayapura Port area and covering the parameters of BOD, COD, turbidity, TSS, grease

Quarterly, during the construction


Contractor should submit reports via PELINDO IV

42 Appendix 4

42 Appendix 6



and oil. Monitoring will be conducted by taking water samples from 3 locations during low and high tide conditions

Jayapurat to BAPEDALDA, Adpel Jayapura


Specialists to monitor noise at three sites where construction activities are near to sensitive sites, such as villages.



PELINDO IV Jayapura


Contractor to inspect sewage systems (i.e., septic tanks) installed at worker camps, confirming compliance with specifications (e.g. effluent quality), check for damp areas and other signs of leakage in soil around the septic tanks, assure that ventilation pipes are covered and mosquito breeding is prevented.



Contractor should submit reports to BAPEDALDA via PELINDO IV Jayapura


Specialists to monitor noise monitoring three sites near sensitive areas, such as villages.



PELINDO IV Jayapura


Contractor to inspect sewage systems (i.e., septic tanks) installed at worker camps, confirming compliance with specifications (e.g., effluent quality), check for damp areas and other signs of leakage in soil around the septic tanks, assure that ventilation pipes are covered, and mosquito breeding is prevented.



Contractor should submit reports to BAPEDALDA via PELINDO IV Jayapura

2.5. Rise in employment opportunities/ work safety

Contractors to prepare and submit reports on the total number of local workers, the workers’ qualifications, workers’ place of origin and total cases of work-related accidents.

Quarterly, Starting from recruitment of labor, and during construction

Construction contractors

Contractor should submit reports to the Local Office of Labour, and BAPEDALDA

3. Operational Period 3.1. Noise and traffic congestion

Specialists to measure noise levels at two (2) locations. After the second round of measurements, the monitoring program will be reexamined to determine future needs and any changes. If no or fewer than 15% of readings are found to exceed acceptable levels, monitoring will be reduced. To minimize traffic congestion the following steps will be implemented: i. Traffic management at the port entrance, on adjacent road

and on the parking area of the passenger terminal ii. Enforcement of parking rules during peak hours. iii. Periodic reexamination of traffic management.

Twice per year for first year

Specialists working for PELINDO IV Jayapura

PELINDO IV to submit report to Jayapura to BAPEDALDA, Adpel Jayapura

3.2. Seawater quality

Specialists to monitor the ambient seawater quality within the Jayapura Port area. Monitoring will be conducted by taking water samples from

Twice per year (dry and wet season)

Specialists working for PELINDO IV Jayapura

PELINDO IV to submit report to BAPEDALDA, Adpel

Appendix 6 43



two locations during low and high tide conditions Jayapura

3.3. Sewage treatment

Relevant agency to inspect sewage treatment system installed at port, confirming compliance with effluent standards.

Quarterly PELINDO IV Jayapura

PELINDO IV to submit report to BAPEDALDA, Adpel Jayapura

3.4. Illegal settlements with low sanitation standards in port surrounding

Relevant agency to conduct quarterly monitoring of sanitation during operational period in the areas surrounding the Jayapura Port


PELINDO IV Jayapura

PT. PELINDO IV should submit reports to the Local Office of City Planning and BAPEDALDA

3.5. Biodiversity protection

Relevant agency to monitor illegal smuggling activities within port proper and on ships calling at Jayapura ports.


PELINDO IV Jayapura Park rangers

PT. PELINDO IV should submit reports to the Local Office of City Planning and BAPEDALDA

BOD = biological oxygen demand, CO2 = carbon dioxide, COD = chemical oxygen demand, NOx = nitro oxides, SOx = sulfur oxides, TSS = total suspended solids

interisland transport project (ports) in indonesia · interisland transport project (ports) in...

Documents