Raja Abdul Aziz Raja Adnan

Monalija Kostor

Department of the Atomic Energy Licensing Board (AELB)

Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI)

MALAYSIA

Interfaces

of Nuclear Safety, Security and

Safeguards in MalaysiaNational Nuclear Regulatory Perspectives

Safe, Secured and Safeguarded

http://www.aelb.gov.my

3S’s Concerns in Malaysia

http://www.aelb.gov.my

Nuclear Perceptions Under the Limelight

Safeguards1983

Security1999

Safety2012

Challenge: Public Perceptions?

http://www.aelb.gov.my

The Evolution of Information Dissemination

Source: IAEA

Source:

http://www.keepcalm-o-

matic.co.uk/p/keep-calm-

nuclear-bombs-inside/

http://www.aelb.gov.my

Regulatory Evolution IAEA Security 2003Source:

http://www.whisprwave.com/m

arkets/energy/nuclear-reactor-

security/IAEA Safety 1954Source:

http://www.bnl.gov/gars/NNS/n

onproliferation.php

IAEA Safeguards 1971Source: IAEA

Peaceful Technology Enhancement for World Benefits

http://www.aelb.gov.my

Nuclear Regulatory Control: Achieving the Goals

Atomic Energy Licensing BoardAtomic Energy Licensing BoardAtomic Energy Licensing BoardAtomic Energy Licensing Board

“Remaining a relevant regulatory authority with credibility in

radiation and nuclear safety, security and safeguarding its peaceful

uses for national sustainable development.”

The Source

The World

The watchinspector

The State

The

Common

Goal:

Peaceful

Safe

Application

The Players/ authorities

http://www.aelb.gov.my

The Regulatory Games..Proper Regulatory Control versus The Need for Regulatory Control…..

VS

http://www.aelb.gov.my

Identifying Key Issues

To ensure Safe, Secure and Safeguarded Technology Applications

Nuclear and Other Radioactive Materials

http://www.aelb.gov.my

Key Issues Against ChallengesKey Issues Against ChallengesKey Issues Against ChallengesKey Issues Against Challenges

Technical Expertise

Regulatory Mandate

International Transparency

Sovereign Rights

National Security

Trade Facilitation

Technology Enhancement

Political/ Diplomatic

Value

Safety

SafeguardsSecurity

Nuclear and Other

Radioactive Materials

http://www.aelb.gov.my

Addressing Challenges for Nuclear

Regulatory Interfaces

Other

Departments

- MOFA

- MITI

- National Security

Council

- RMP

- RMC

- Others

http://www.aelb.gov.my

• Transparency and clarity

• Acknowledge authorities roles (Royal Malaysian Police, Royal

Malaysian Customs, National Security Council, Universities, Ministry of

Foreign Affairs, etc)

• Address, coordinate and integrate roles

• Centralized Human capital development Plan and Program

(ensuring continuity/ sustainability)

• Getting national stakeholders Participation and fair

distribution of chances/ opportunities

• Sharing funding and resources

• Recognize their contribution and

National Commitment for 3S’s Interfaces

http://www.aelb.gov.my

INFRASTRUCTURE FOR TRAINING

AND MONITORING OF 3’S’:

SAFETY, SECURITY AND

SAFEGUARDS

� - Incident

� - Accident

� - Sabotage

� - Illicit trafficking

� - Misuse

National Collaborative

Efforts

Environmental

Radiation Monitoring

System (ERMS)

http://www.aelb.gov.my

Building National Response Capability

http://www.aelb.gov.my

National Radiological

Emergency Response Drill

http://www.aelb.gov.my

National Technical Cooperation with

Other Enforcement Agencies

http://www.aelb.gov.my

Public Awareness and Communication on Regulatory Roles and Efforts

http://www.aelb.gov.my

Addressing Nuclear Security and

Safeguards Matters

Our CHALLENGES

http://www.aelb.gov.my

Challenges Faced by Malaysia• Improve political awareness and expert competence.

• Increase knowledge of nuclear security and safeguards related

activities in industrial enterprises, trade and business pursuits,

and scientific establishments;.

• Establish regional and international facilities.

• Continually develop legal, technical and professional human

resources.

• Translate international legal instruments and standards into

national legal system.

• Organize industry and public awareness/confidence.

• Concerns of nuclear fuel security and control of nuclear-related

dual-use components.

• Adequate funding.

http://www.aelb.gov.my

Challenges in ASEAN

• Interest in NPP � Proliferation Risk

• Instabilities in certain areas in SEA Region

• Transboundary issues

• Sharing of waters

• Neighbourhood influence

• Technical competency and experience

• Funding/Finance

• Common understanding

http://www.aelb.gov.my

Creating a Regional Network

Other International

Instruments/Non Legal Agreement:

e.g. International Convention for

the Suppression of Acts of

Nuclear Terrorism , UNSCR 1540 etc

Non-Proliferation

Treaty

Signed: 1 Jul 1968

Ratified: 3 May 1970

Safeguards Agreement and

Additional Protocol

Signed: 29 Feb 1972 (in force)

and 22 Nov 2005

Malaysia

Authorised Users

ASEAN + Others

http://www.aelb.gov.my

Ensuring Sustainable

Programmes in Nuclear

Security and Safeguards

http://www.aelb.gov.my

Future Challenges

Nuclear Safety, Security

and Safeguards

National

Regional

ASEAN + Others

REGIONAL HARMONIZATION

http://www.aelb.gov.my

Holistic Efforts in Ensuring Safety, Security and

Safeguards CapabilitiesSkills Development • Through the National

Committee for Certification of Radiation Protection Officer (JKPPPS)

• Through Comprehensive National Training Plan (RMC, RMP, etc.)

Academic Program • National University of

Malaysia (UKM) -Masters in 3S

• Summer School for future ESARDA Program (similar to safety course organized with cooperation of KAIST, Korea)

Skill Development • Training Program

(stakeholders) for Safeguards and AP implementation under Letter of Intent (LoI) of AELB-US NNSA

Academic Program• Proposed Review

Comment for Safeguards and Security syllabus under LoI of AELB-US NNSA

• Proposed Establishment of Summer School for ESARDA Non Proliferation Course with the Support from Asia Pacific Safeguards Network (APSN)

http://www.aelb.gov.my

National Safety, Security and Safeguards Strategy, and

Approach

OBSERVED OUTCOMES (2006-2012)

• Recognized the role of regulatory body and enforcement

agencies

• National Support and commitments

• Pool of National expert and resources

• Integrated Approach (avoid unnecessary overlapping)

• Centralised budget and resources

• Support towards peaceful nuclear technology application

• Recognised as a critical part for academic needs

• National Strategy for Public Communications

• Involvement of NGOs

http://www.aelb.gov.my

Conclusions• Malaysia notes the nuclear renaissance and its challenges;

• Malaysia is committed to implementing safety, security

and safeguards (3S’s) measures;

• Malaysia is continuously enhancing capability and capacity

in enhancing 3S’s;

• Malaysia encourages transparency in nuclear 3Ss matters

• Malaysia believes in strong regional network and

cooperation in promoting 3Ss; and

• Malaysia believes regional human capital development is

vital in ensuring effective implementation of 3Ss initiatives.

Thank youThank youThank youThank you