A REPORT ON INTELLIGENT BUILDING

A presentation by Mohammad ZaryabREGD NO : 1402295044

SEC: B

. Definition

• Intelligent buildings are buildings that through their physical design and IT installations are responsive, flexible and adaptive to changing needs from its users and the organisations that inhabit the building during it's life time. The building will supply services for its inhabitants, its administration and operation & maintenance. The intelligent building will accomplish transparent 'intelligent' behavior , have state memory, support human and installation systems communication, and be equipped with sensors and actuators.

Components of an Intelligent Building

Integration of various building systems – Energy management system – Lighting management system – Security systems & fire safety – Telecommunications & office automation – Local area networks (LANs) – Cabling management – Intelligent maintenance mgt. system (IMMS) – Computer aided facility management (CAFM)

What is an intelligent building?A building…

• • who’s systems are self reliant

• • with sensors relaying data

• • that uses the latest technology

• • that is the future of buildings

Objectives of Intelligent Building

• • Energy management

• • Indoor Comfort

• • Thermal comfort

• • Visual Comfort

• • Indoor air quality

Energy management

• • 85% of the energy used in buildings is for low temperature applications such as space and water heating

• • Building designs involving clean and efficient technologies help to reduce energy consumption as well as to provide a better quality of life for citizens.

• • Under almost all circumstances it is necessary at some point in time to provide some form of auxiliary heating, cooling, lighting or ventilation since natural sources cannot always cover the requirements for thermal comfort, visual comfort and IAQ that are the prerequisite for a well balanced, comfortable and healthy indoor environment.

Energy consumption in building is required for the following uses:

Heating Cooling Ventilation Lighting Equipment and machinery Domestic hot water

Active Roof Component

History of Intelligent Building

• Intelligent building (IB) – First coined in USA in early 1980s

– Its definition/model is evolving • Automated buildings (1981-85) • Responsive buildings (1986-91) • Effective buildings (1992-)

– Development of IB • Closely linked with computers and information technology (IT); high-tech related • But, IB ≠ high-tech building

BEM Systems – Architecture

Building Energy Management Systems

• Building Energy Management Systems aim to optimize the use of energy in buildings by maintaining at the same time the indoor environment under comfort conditions • Practically, a BEMS is a computerized system that attempts to “control” all or some of the energy consuming operations in a building: – HVAC systems (Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning) – Lighting systems (natural and artificial) – Indoor climate

• Four main aspects:

– Facility management • Take care & maintain various functions for occupant comfort & operation

– Information management • Office automation (OA), LAN, wiring

– Communication • Tel/Fax, e-mail, video telecommunication

– Control • DDC, building automation system

• Common needs of intelligent building tenants:– Built-in Internet wiring – LAN/WAN connectivity – Conduits for cabling – High-tech HVAC – Wiring for high-speed networks• Critical performance qualities – Functional or spatial quality – Thermal quality – Air quality – Aural quality – Visual quality – Building integrity

Multi-system solutionsOccupancy detection • A range of passive infrared and ultrasonic sensors ensure

that user occupancy can be monitored for all areas, with lighting programmed to switch off or dim when an area has been unoccupied for a predetermined length of time. After hours, sensors ensure that occupied areas – along with an egress pathway – continue to be illuminated when required by any remaining occupants.

Lighting / scene setting • Lighting levels can be optimized to suit individual tasks and to

reflect different possible uses of a space. Moreover, sensor control facilitates automated occupancy based scenes as well as different daylight harvesting strategies

Audio Visual System AV systems can also be integrated with lighting and blinds to allow single-button room set-up for presentations with a dedicated ‘Presentation’ scene. All services within the meeting/boardroom can be recalled from a single button press when entering the room and automatically shut down at the end of a meeting, when no occupants are detected after a set period of time. User Interfaces While much of the lighting control system is automated, a range of stylish user interfaces can be added to a system to provide local control of lighting, AV, blinds, HVAC and other integrated systems.HVAC Integration with the HVAC system ensures that heating/cooling is only provided for occupied areas, thereby saving unnecessary energy expenditure. Manual overrides ensure unoccupied rooms can be set up in advance to ensure the perfect environment is created when people arrive.Blinds Blinds can be integrated with lighting and heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to support daylight harvesting strategies and manage the thermal efficiency of the building.

Building AutomationBuilding automation describes the advanced functionality provided by the control system of a building. A building automation system (BAS) is an example of a distributed control system. The control system is a computerized, intelligent network of electronic devices designed to monitor and control the mechanical, electronics, and lighting systems in a building.TopologyPrimary & Secondary Bus:

Low level or High Level ControllersInput / Output DevicesHuman Interface DeviceWireless Network (can be ZigBee)

Input & OutputAnalogVariable MeasurementTemperature, Humidity, and Pressure Sensor

DigitalSwitch On or OffPhotocell

Structure of BAS

Components of BAS

Components of BASControllers

Programmable Logic Controllers System / Networks ControllersTerminal Unit Controllers

OccupancyTemperature Sensor

LightingPhotocell

Air HandlersIndoor Air QualityDemand Control Ventilation

Central PlantChilled Water SystemCondenser Water SystemHot Water System

Alarms and SecurityFire and Smoke Alarm System

Live Preview of Building Automation System

Why Building Automation System ?Keeps the building climate within a specified range Provides lighting based on an occupancy schedule Monitors system performance and device failuresProvides malfunction alarms (via email and/or text notifications) to building engineering/maintenance staffReduces building energy and maintenance costs when compared to a non-controlled building. A building controlled by a BAS is often referred to as an intelligent building or a smart home.

“Green Building”

Green” Buildings are high performance structures that also meet certain standards for reducing natural resource consumption “Green” or “Sustainable” buildings are characterized by:efficient management of energy and water resources management of material resources and waste restoration and protection of environmental quality enhancement and protection of health and indoor environmental quality reinforcement of natural systems analysis of the life cycle costs and benefits of materials and methods integration of the design decision-making process

Green Building standards include:

• Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) •Green Globes •Model Green Homebuilding Guidelines •Built Green • Energy Star • Living Building

Going “Green” is the “right thing”

• reduce carbon consumption, • energy independence, • encourage community, •preserve natural systems

Why is Green Building Important?

•8000lbs of waste are typically thrown into a landfill during the construction of a 2000sqft home•The buildings in the US consume more than twice

as much energy as all the cars in the India• Indoor levels of pollution are commonly 2 to 5

times higher than outdoor pollution levels

What are the rating systems?LEED (US)BREEAM (UK)CASBEE (Japan)DGNB (Germany)Green Star (Australia)IGBC/LEED (India)

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is a rating system devised by the United States Green Building Council (USGBC) to evaluate the environmental performance of a building and encourage market transformation towards sustainable design.

LEED

LEED Certification Scorecard Breakdown

Certified 40-49 points Silver 50-59 pointsGold 60-79 pointsPlatinum 80-100 points

Indian Green Building Council (IGBC)The Indian Green Building Council, part of the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) was formed in the year 2001. The vision of the council is, "To enable a sustainable built environment for all and facilitate India to be one of the global leaders in the sustainable built environment by 2025".The council offers a wide array of services which include developing new green building rating programmes, certification services and green building training programmes. The council also organises Green Building Congress, its annual flagship event on green buildings.The council is committee-based, member-driven and consensus-focused. All the stakeholders of the construction industry including architects, developers, product manufacturers, corporate, Government, academia and nodal agencies participate in the council activities through local chapters. The council also closely works with several State Governments, Central Government, World Green Building Council, bilateral multi-lateral agencies in promoting green building concepts in the country.

Vertical Farming

Vertical farming is the practice of producing food in vertically stacked layers, such as in a skyscraper, used warehouse, or shipping container. The modern ideas of vertical farming use indoor farming techniques and controlled-environment agriculture (CEA) technology, where all environmental factors can be controlled

1. Plants will grow in boxes on a mechanical track that carries them from the top of the building to the bottom for harvesting

2.Mechanical arms below the track will gradually shift the boxes forward on each level

3. Leafy vegetables will be planted in the boxes in pumice to hold water.An irrigation line will carry water and nutrients to the roots.