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Integrative Evaluation System of Environmental Technologies for Sustainable Basin Regional Management

Tsuyoshi Fujita

Environmental Technology Assessment Section, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan

Abstract: This paper shows the regional analysis system of material flow and environmental emissions based on regional data base Geographical Information System. Alternative policy options are designed based on the analytical results and their environmental improvement effects are evaluated for CO2 and loss of natural habitats. Key words: Basin Management, GIS Data Base, Environmental Technologies, Scenario Planning, Organic OBJECTIVES River basin region is a suitable terrestrial and aquatic scale to demonstrate sustainable regional governances that integrate water resource management, waste water treatment, and solid waste management along with other regional policies such as land-use control and infrastructure development. Research projects for analyzing policy impacts to control global warming risks and water resource management have started through several international co-operations. Among them, Global Scenario Group (GSG) examines global scenarios based on three classes, namely environmental worlds, barbarization, and great transitions. World Business Council on Sustainable Development (WBCSD) made scenario analysis to aim at helping corporate members reflect on the risks and opportunities for business of the sustainable development challenge. Integrated policy approaches of regional scale have reached their implementation stages mainly in European governments and regions. Dutch system adopts vertical integration system to control local and regional land uses based on national scale environmental requirements.

Framework of research methodology

Spatial Database for Organic Waste Matter Emissions (1 km grid)

Sewersystem

Urban sector

Industry sector

Agriculture sector

Forestry

sewage House hold

Food manufacturing

industry

Commercial business &

institutional facilityFarming Live stock

Lumbering, processing

dismantling, etc

Estimation process for spatial organic waste emission

sewage sludge

Food waste

Food waste

Food waste

Crop residue

livestock manure

Wooden waste

Environmental Policy Options Conversion Technology Inventory

1. Energy circulation Methane fermentation system Gasification Incineration, etc.

2. Material circulation Eco-town vein industries Compost Fodder, etc.

1. Target organic wastes for circulation

2. Scale of circulation collection boundaries

3. Change of MSWM infrastructure location of technology implementation change of existing infrastructure

Policy Scenario Design and Evaluation

Environmental Indicators: CO2 emission, waste circulation rate, landfill disposal quantity, etc

117

GIS DATABASE FOR URBAN AREA IN BASIN REGION Regional database is designed as a platform for scenario-driven decision making for river basin regional management focusing on the environmentally sustainable urban water and organic material cycles. River-basin wide intervention scenarios are to comprehend several policy program fields such as advanced runoff and sewer management, advanced waste water treatment system, wetland restoration, organic waste recycling and resource recovery system, promotion of factory and district scale zero emission system and land use management for sustainable urban forms. Alternative programs should consist of varied policy options from the technology application to activity or spatial management need to be designed. By compiling, the location distribution data of material flows on GIS with alternative policy programs, their environmental improvement effects are evaluated. Regional GIS database are built to cover comprehensive river basin regional sectors in both of industrial sectors and households in urban areas, as well as forestry and agricultural farms in surrounding rural areas. Considering spatial scale of the technology policy programs for regional improvement in the basin, one-kilometer grids are chosen as basic units of the system.

POLICY SCENARIO DESIGN As for the case study in Tokyo Metropolitan Region with more than 30 million population, effective circulation system for organic wastes and matters from different sectors are critical for realizing the more environmentally and economically regional system. Among several policy scenarios, circulation system to utilize existing STPs in this region as the site locations to implement methane fermentation systems are focused Three policy case scenarios on integrated organic waste circulation were planned for evaluation (Fig. 4). In Case 1, sewage sludge was co-digested with food wastes generated from household, wholesale/ retail, manufacturing industry which were collected by truck. In Case 2, the additional bio-energy recovery was examined if agriculture organic wastes of crop residues and livestock manure were also co-digested. In Case 3, the installation of food grinders in household within 1 km to STPs was assumed. Household food wastes were transferred to STPs with sewage through food grinders. Psychrophilic methane fermentation system is assumed to substitute activated sludge treatment system. RESULTS Overall impact of annual CO2 emission reductions from energy recovery from methane fermentation systems were calculated based on electricity reutilized by STPs, and electricity and heat reused for household demands. Total CO2 emission reductions were estimated around 304,000 ton to 799,000 ton annually. The potential effects for circulation policy scenarios in Tokyo basin region are estimated. The evaluation The evaluation supporting system can provide quantitative environmental impact evaluation results for the implementation of conversion technologies to circulation organic waste matters. Good collaboration among government, business/industry and academic institution is crucial for the planning and evaluation of circulation policy scenarios in order to acquire quantitative evaluation results which can reflect various potentials. In this stage, the planning of policy scenarios was inadequate due to a limited number of planning options. KEY REFERENCES L.WONG, T.FUJITA,et.al; The evaluation of CO2 emission reductions by implementing integrated methane

fermentation system as the municipal organic waste recycling scheme in Tokyo Bay region. Environmental Systems Research, Vol. 33, pp.355-366, 2005.

Morioka, T., Fujita, T.et.al.. Integrated planning support system of organic matters recycling infrastructure in Muko river basin, Environmental Systems Research, Vol. 31, pp.333-342

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IndustrialSymbioticApproachforSustainableRegionalManagement

ResearchProjects

[email protected] 1

20024

Industrial Symbiotic Technologies for Economically

and Environmentally Sustainable Development

Integrative Model Research for Sustainable Policy

and Technology Scnarios

inNIES

1

1.SmallerScaleDisperseWaterTreatmentNetowork

3.

Eco-town

2.Rainwater Circulation Urban

Infrastucture Technologies

119

1

T w = 0 .0 1 h (x )2-0 .1 8 h (x )+ T 0`

H = (R n G L E )/

a = s H /

Q = Q S H 1 .1 6 * 1 0 - 3/

K = K k A k H k + c aV

Q S H = K t ( a c)

H h ou se = f (Q )L E h o u s e = f (Q )

L E =2 .5 * 10 6-2 400* s*E

NICEUrbanModel

P

h gD g

D nQ s

A b

H b

A b

H b

A bA b

H b

r

P w 1q

&

k in e m a t icw a v e

(D S S A T )

B .C .

P

AUSSSM)

etc.

etc)

etc)

NICE Modele.g.

NICE-Urban ModelNICE-Urban Model

Ecopolis Ulsan Symposium, FUJITA, 2006/12/19 1

Material flow in Kawasaki Eco TownMaterial flow in Kawasaki Eco Town

Kawasaki Eco TownKawasaki Eco TownGeneral Waste Industrial wasteEmpty can

waste car

Discarded home electronic appliances

waste Plastic

waste PET

waste paper

Sewage sludge

other

Metallicwaste

wastePlastic

sludge

Soot

Slag

C PressC Press9,300t/y9,300t/y

NIHON YAKINStainless

JFE STEELSteel

CORELEXPaper

manufacture

D.C.Cement

SHOWA DENKOChemistry

PET RebirthPET to PET

JFE urbanConsumer electronic

recycling

Automobilescrap company

Cinder

Kawasaki citySewage plant

Kawasaki CityIncineration

facilities

Kawasaki CityLandfill

Garbage collector

A PressA Press4,000t/y4,000t/y

Blast furnaceBlast furnaceslagslag570,000t/y570,000t/y

Waste paperWaste paper70,000t/y70,000t/y

Paper sludgePaper sludge

5,000t/y5,000t/y

MetallicMetallicwastewaste50t/y50t/y

28,000t/y28,000t/y

Advanced processing waterAdvanced processing waterN/AN/A

Incineration ashIncineration ashN/AN/A

Usual garbageUsual garbage300,000t/y300,000t/y

PlasticPlastic

MetallicMetallic

Waste mass generation companies:

134Emission quantity

4,634,000t/y

Kawasaki city enterprise

Population:1330 thousand

Emission quantity532,000t/y

Kawasaki City

Surplus Surplus electricityelectricity

N/AN/A

OutsideLandfill

120


DC Cement Ltd. Co.

(1) Production capacityabout 1 million ton/year

(2) Major products- Normal Portland cement- Blast furnace cement

(3) Major raw materialLimestone, clay, coal (fuel), etc.

(4) Current waste recycle performanceIndustrial waste: about 0.25 million ton/year

Waste substitution as claySludge, soot dust, debris, etc

Waste substitution as fuelWaste plastics, wood chips, etc

Summary of Eco-cement company


Portland CementPortland Cement

Blast FurnaceCement

Cem

ent Recycling Plant

Lime StoneLime StoneMine

CaCO3 TypeShipping

Clay TypeClayClay

In-land Transportation

Combustion Type

Coal Mine CoalCoal Mine Coal

Recycling Within Kawasaki Eco-Town

Recycling within Kawasaki Urban Area

Raw Materials

Waste Heat

Waste Heat

Blast Furnace Slag

Steel Company

Household Seafood Products contained

CaCO3Food Manufacturing Industry

Food Supplying Business

Gen. Waste Collecting Plant

Screening

Sludge

Glass Factory Glass Scraps

Sewage Treatment Plant

Household Appliance Recycle Plant

Waste WoodConstruction Waste Materials

Waste Plastic

Common WasteWaste Tire

Recycled OilWaste Oil

Household Seafood Products contained




ScreeningHousehold Seafood Products contained




Screening

Sludge



Sludge





Waste Plastic





Waste Plastic



End Products

Raw Materials Potential Recycling Materials

Conversion Technology in Cement Industry

121

EcotownDataBase

1

WEB GIS System

EvaluationSystemofKawasakiModelEvaluationof LocalIndustrialSymbiosisEffects


1 2CaseBAU

Case 2CURRENT ECOTOWN

0

t/y

500,000

600,000

700,000

800,000

900,000

1,000,00037,000t/y

3

158,000t/y39,000t/y

Case LOCAL

INDUSTRIALSYMBIOSIS

Case URBAN AND INDUSTRIALSYMBIOSIS

3

158,000t/y39,000t/y

Case LOCAL

INDUSTRIALSYMBIOSIS


3

158,000t/y39,000t/y

Case LOCAL

INDUSTRIALSYMBIOSIS


Environmental Improvement Effects (CO2 Reduction) from BAU Case

15%15%

122

1

Case 0

Case 1-0

Case 1-1

Case 1-2

Case 1-3

Case 1-4

Case 1-6

t

Case 1-8

Case 2-1

Case 2-2

t

Case 2-4

Case 0

Case 1-0

Case 1-1

Case 1-2

Case 1-3

Case 1-4

Case 1-6

t

Case 1-8

Case 2-1

Case 2-2

t

Case 2-4

1

RP

123

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

CASE1-0 CASE1-1 CASE1-2 CASE1-3 CASE1-6 CASE2-1 CASE2-2 CASE2-4

t

tt t tt t tt

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

CASE1-0 CASE1-1 CASE1-2 CASE1-3 CASE1-6 CASE2-1 CASE2-2 CASE2-4

t

1200t180t

1.2t

124

CO2

2

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1-0

1-1

1-2

1-3

1-6

2-1

2-2

2-4

2

CO2

CO2

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

1-0

1-1

1-2

1-3

1-6

2-1

2-2

2-4

3CASE2-12-4

125

System

10

126

1

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127

1

5.

18

20

22

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8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

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AUSSSM A

AUSSSM B

AUSSSM C ABC

858

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

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2011

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