Integrating Technology in Grammar Instruction to be a GREAT Teacher

Education 548: Special Topics ESLUniversity of San DiegoOct. 14, 2013Kristi Reyes

Specifics• http://mccesltech.wikispaces.com/• USD – ESL Special Topics

Think – Pair - Share

• "What attributes make a great teacher?"

• Especially when teaching ESL grammar in particular and integrating technology, further

A few ideas and how to accomplish them:• Make students feel empowered, confident, successful

• Activate prior knowledge & scaffold content, allow for rehearsal, review/repetition

• Realize that there will be “backsliding” and errors• Be explicit about purposes: relate all activities to

outcomes & student learning goals; have a routine: start w/ agenda & recap at end yet also be dynamic

• Create a comfortable classroom environment: students get to know each other = willing to take risks (lower affective filter – Krashen); provide feedback on accuracy discreetly/not to break communication or to raise affective filter

More ways to make students feel empowered, confident, successful

• Minimize lecture (flip the classroom), maximize practice opportunities; use a variety of materials to appeal to many preferred learning modalities (graphics, visuals, audio, video, texts, movement, manipulatives)

• Provide clear instructions for tasks, model expectations• Design activities for students’ development of language for

communicative purposes, including classroom language/ strategic communicative expressions; many different types of cooperative learning activities (info. gaps, interviews, surveys, etc. – see Web site for links to more)

• Know your students: learning/teaching preferences, needs and goals (diagnostic testing and goal setting)

More attributes• Promote study skills, being an active listener/learner

• Provide outlines for note-taking, have students make flashcards (index cards or apps/online), study groups, peer teaching; ask more questions + longer wait time – promote higher thinking skills (why?) and deeper learning

• Motivate and engage students • Engage with content, teacher, and with each other: include

content that relates to students’ lives, provoke emotional responses, incorporates humor, allow students to share experiences & creations; insert yourself

• Be flexible & provide timely feedback• Use formative assessment techniques; be selective and

willing to give up some control

From Brain Research• Lessons where students “actively do” give them a better

chance to learn.• Lessons that get students to use language to talk about their

lives will maximize their language learning and development.• Strong relationships and a safe classroom environment enable

students to switch on their learning brain.• Lessons that students find interesting motivate them to think

more deeply.• Lessons that have one clear learning focus at a time maximize

student attention, clarify the learning, and maximize the possibility that learning will occur.

Source: TESOL Virtual Seminar “Implications and Applications of the Latest Brain Research for English Language Learners and Teachers” presented by Ken Pransky, Collaborative for Educational Services & Dr. Francis Bailey, Director of TESL MA Program, University of Kentucky

Retention Rates: Students remember….

What is the best way to teach grammar, if rules are important?• Inductive

• provide many examples, students induce the rule

OR• Deductive

• give the rule and students apply to examples• Answer: It depends…• Eclectic approach – know your students’

preferences, abilities, level and stretch them

Good Lesson Planning

• Backwards design – first consider what you want students to be able to do with the grammar structure and then scaffold the lesson to get students to that point

• 5-step lesson plan

1. Warm up/Review2. Presentation3. Practice (guided and communicative)4. Evaluation5. Application

Integrating Technology• Technology is just a tool; integrate in a sound manner rather

than just for the sake of using technology.• TPACK = Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge.

Content (CK), Pedagogy (PK), and Technology (TK)

Technology Tools

• What technology do / would you use to teach grammar to ESL / ELL students?

• What technology do you/ would you have students use to learn, practice, or demonstrate their acquisition / learning?

Examples

• Technology tools for teaching grammar and incorporating attributes of “good teaching”• Visuals, slideshows, manipulatives (flashcards)• Games (slideshow templates, online games)• Video• Web sites: avatars, comic strips, digital films,

images• Polling (cell phones, Web, text, apps)

Present Continuous Tense(Review, Practice, Note-taking)

Kristi Reyes

Present Continuous Verb Tense

• Use to talk about actions that are happening right now

I am working. He is carrying the boxes. They are talking. We are writing.

• Use to talk about something that is happening these days, but not necessarily right now

She is studying at USD.

Practice with a partner

• Look at the pictures the instructor shows you and tell what is happening in each picture

• Use the following form when you speak:

Subject + to be + verb+ing

Examples:

She is sleeping.

They are eating.

Example

Partner A

Partner B

Partner A

Partner B

Partner A

Partner B

Present Continuous Verb TenseAsk and answer these questions with a

partner:• What are you doing right now, at this very

moment?• What is your boyfriend, girlfriend, husband, wife,

friend doing?• What are your classmates doing?• What are your parents doing?• What is the teacher doing?• What is something new you are doing these

days?

Spelling Rules for –ing verbs(present participles)

1. getrunplan

2. comereplaceintroduce

3. dietie

Spelling Rules for –ing verbs(present participles)

4. begin listen

admit offer

Last Spelling Tip

sew

fix

enjoy

Participial Adjectives-ing v. –ed adjectives

(Presentation and Practice with manipulatives)

By Kristi Reyes

MiraCosta College

Many verbs of emotion have –ing and –ed adjective forms

• What are some verbs of emotion?

Sample verbs of emotion:

amuse irritate comfort fascinate puzzle satisfy

annoy surprise depress bewilder excite frustrate

bother bore tire interest aggravate amaze

captivate confuse shock intrigue disappoint exhaust

These verbs can be changed to adjectives by changing the spelling • Amaze (verb: You amaze me!)Amazing (adjective: These students are

amazing!)Amazed (adjective: I am amazed by the students

in this class!)• Interest (verb: Computers interest her.)Interesting (adjective: Computers are interesting

for her).Interested (adjective: She is interested in

computers)

Practice …

surprise

Was the girl surprising or surprised?

surprised

Was the party surprising or surprised?

surprising

exhaust

Was the man exhausting or exhausted?

Exhausted

Was the marathon exhausting or exhausted?

exhausting

bore

Was the man boring or bored?

Boring

Was the audience boring or bored?

bored

irritate

Is a back seat driver irritating or irritated?

Irritating

Is the driver irritating or irritated?

irritated

satisfy

How does the girl feel? Satisfying or satisfied?

Satisfied

How is the food? Satisfying or satisfied?

satisfying

interest

The class is interesting or interested?

Interesting

The student is interesting or interested in the class?

interested

excite

Is this excited or exciting?

Exciting

Are they excited or exciting?

Excited

annoy

Is the woman annoying or annoyed?

Annoyed

Is the man’s action annoying or annoyed for the woman?

annoying

Past & Past Continuous Review/Practice (videos as speaking / writing prompts)• Tell your partner what happened –

Use past continuous and simple past• He/She was _____ing when ….• They were ______ ing when …

• Clumsy• Animal lovers

Simple Present Tense(video, speaking/pronunciation practice)

Presentation by Kristi Reyes

Simple Present Tense: Uses

Everyday activities: What do you do every day?

Routines, habits

General truths

Rules

3rd person –s Pronunciation /s/, /z/, /Iz/ Conversation prompts, class

interviews about daily and routine activities

Reading & Speaking Practice

What are some hard jobs? What are some easy jobs? How about actors, models, movie

stars – are their jobs easy or hard? Why?

What do you think a typical day of an aspiring actor is Hollywood is like?

Handout Act. 1: Daily routine of an aspiring actor in Hollywood

Formative Assessment and More• Board games/races • Interactive PPT templates (Jeopardy,

etc.)• Audience response system (clickers)• Web Sites• Mobile / cell phone • Social networking sites (FB)

Irregular VerbsTeam Competition

Teams:Write the simple past tense the verbs you see. Ready, set, go!

take

know

find

choose

Jeopardy and other templates

• PowerPoint and many other game templates• See mccesltech.wikispaces.com for links to

templates for download & online games to customize

• Sample: Verb Tenses Review Sample *

Web Sites

ESL Games World•Active / Passive Basketball GameRoad to GrammarQuia (free 30-day trial)•Adjectives and Adverbs Rags to Riches Game+ many more (see handout)

Web Sites• Students write dialogs using an assigned grammar

structure (and, optionally, a scenario)• Use Web sites to create…• Avatars Voki.com

• Student sample

• Comic strips MakeBeliefsComix• Digital films Dvolver

Hi, there. My name is Kristi.

Well, hello. My name is Brad.

It’s nice to meet you, Brad. Could you

please tell me what time it is?

I’m sorry. I don’t even know what day it is today! I have assistants who take

care of these things.

Oh, I see. Well, then, do you mind if I ask for your autograph.

Again, my apologies… my assistant in charge of autographs has the

day off…

Embedded questions/noun

clauses

I don’t know why I bother to waste my

time with celebrities!

You try it … Handout Act. 2• Your friend would like to become a teacher and is interested in

studying for a graduate degree in teaching. Your friend asks you if you know of any good programs in the area. Advise your friend.

• Write a dialog – minimum of four lines – between two people giving advice.

• Use modals of advice: should, ought to, had better.A:B:A:B:• Then, after your teacher has given you feedback on your dialog, use

dvolver or MakesBeliefsComix to animate your dialog. • Email your work to kreyes@miracosta.edu.

You try it… Handout Act. 3• Piclits – image-based writing, any verb tense, parts of speech,

plurals

Polling with Audience Response Systems

Cell Phones / mobile devices• Mobile Phones in the Classroom Video on OTAN

• Students text answers to questions• Students use apps (more for practice/reinforcement)• PollEverywhere (can also be computer-based polling)• Socrative App (polling like PollEverywhere)

Student Technology Projects – Performance-based assessment for evaluation / application

• Autobiography narrated PowerPoint (simple past and present)• My Characteristics and Emotions narrated PowerPoint

(participial adjectives)• Life Changes narrated PowerPoint (used to)• My Job, My Classmate’s Daily Activities (simple present tense)• A Wonder of the World, An Invention (present & past passives)• Life Experiences poster (present perfect)• If I Could Change the World, If I Could Have Three Wishes

(unreal conditionals)• Digital Stories (multimedia narratives)• “Bucket Lists”• Newsletters, magazines, blogs, wikis, student-produced video

How do you feel now ….

•about teaching grammar by integrating technology in order to be a great teacher?

What’s now / What’s next?• Flipped classroom• Abundant Apps – make your own• Web conferencing / video conferencing • More ESL courses offered as hybrids & online

http://www.cnn.com/2010/TECH/innovation/10/22/south.korea.robot.teachers/index.html

Questions? Comments?• Thank you!