Hon. Monicah Waiganjo (PhD)Presented during Tuta absoluta Workshop in Ethiopia

(26-28 Nov. 2013)

INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT INNOVATION LAB (IPM-IL), KENYA

County Government of Kiambu

IPM IL Project Team in Kenya

• Waiganjo, M.M; Mbaka,J; Amata, R; Otipa, M; Kuria, S; Kambo C. M, Kahinga, J; Gitonga, J; Wepukhulu,S; Gathambiri,C; Kinyua, Z;

IPM CRSP Goals in Kenya• Develop improved IPM technologies• Increase household income• Improve IPM research and education• Increase gender equity and

involvement of women in IPMdecision making and program design

IPM CRSP

IPM-CRSP Emphasis• Multidisciplinary teams• Multi-institutional teams• On-farm research & participatory

researchThe project embraces close linkages

between research, extn and farmers.

Constraints• Lack of regional coordination and shared strategy • Lack of an IPM research focus on higher-value

horticultural crops • Pests (insects, diseases and weeds) priorities were

identified at a stakeholders meeting held in Nairobi• Priority crops-tomato, passionfruit, onion, banana

IPM CRSP

Tomato Production constraints

6

Limited technical knowledge on high tunnel tomato production and grafting among the major tomato growers.

H. tunnel production system considerations

7

IPMStrategies(Biotic)Exclusion‐doubledoors,footbath,cleanseedlings,insectproofnettingSanitation‐Insideandoutside(weeds,cropresidue,prunings)Scoutingandmonitoring‐visualinspection,useofstickytrapsSafecontrolofpests(whiteflybollworm,thrips,mites)

Weatherandsoilfactors(abiotic)Rainfall‐AffectsslopeofthestructureTemperatures‐choiceofmaterialtouse(netorplastic),shapeandheightofstructure,ventilators.Windstrengthanddirection‐windbreakersSoiltype‐plantingmethod,irrigationanddrainage,nutrition,diseasesmgt

U‐SHAPEDTUNNEL

8

LOWCOSTWOODEN‐AFRAME

GOTHIC‐ ARCH

The open frame is composed of wood,metal or plastic. The frame forms abasic “A” “gothic/arched,” or“Quonset/U‐tunnel” shape. The framemay form a single or multiple, attached(adjacent) units of these shapes. Theseare made either using frame‐metal,wood, or PVC pipes

CommonHightunnelStructuresinKenya

9

A

B

A

B

10

A

Wilt susceptible but market preferred var. Onyx

Bacterial wilt resistant MT56

Tomato Grafting against Bacterial Wilt, Ralstonia solanacearum

Mwea Farmers tomato grafting training

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Grafted and un-grafted tomato Plant vigor (meanheight cm)

Yield tons/ha.

1 Anna grafted on Solanumincanum 65.38 ± 7.33d

13.5± 3.35cd

2 Tylka grafted on Solanumincanum 79.32 ± 7.89cd

24.6± 2.35 c

3Anna F1 105.55 ± 7.33bc 1.45± 0.22d

4Tylka F1 107.32 ± 7.23abc 0.56± 0.03de

5Anna grafted on MT56 209.8 ± 8.33ab 58.50± 4.87ab

6Tylka grafted on MT56 324.5 ± 8.67a 66.98± 6.89a

7Anna grafted on TKA 193-31 97.60 ± 8.62bcd 1.35± 0.04d

8Tylka grafted on TKA 193-31 99.31 ± 8.46bcd 0.23± 0.03de

9Anna grafted on wild Cherry 71.5± 8.46cd 0.50± 0.12de

10Tylka grafted on wild Cherry 67.46 ± 9.11d 0.12± 0.01e

CV 48.95 33.52

p-value <0 0001<0.001

Effects of grafting rootstock on tomato plant vigor and yield

• Soil solarization, a non chemical technique that captures radiant heat energy from the sun was found to control bacterial wilt in tomato grown in a high tunnel.

• Tomato grown in beds where the clear plastic sheet had been placed for 8 weeks had no bacterial wilt incidence compared to non-solarized tomato bed in Kirinyaga, Kenya (right).

Passionfruit activities

Objectives• To develop IPM packages for major pests of passion fruit including Fusarium wilt, dieback, brown spot, viruses and arthropod pests (aphids, leafminers, mealybugs, thrips)

• To transfer knowledge and technology packages to stakeholders through innovative farmer participatory approaches

Passion fruit activities  at Juja, Central Kenya 

Dieback disease symptom

Initial and late stages of dieback

Evaluation of biocontrol agents and fungicides in control of brown spot disease

• On farm evaluation of T. asperellum, T. harzianum and Cu in controlling brown spot on PPF and KPF12

• PPF + TA spray; PPF + TH spray; PPF +Cu spray;PPF/Control

• KPF12 +TA spray; KPF12 +TH spray; KPF12 + Cu spray; KPF12/control

• Site; juja farm

Table 1: Dieback in PPF, KPF4 and KPF12Treatment No Dieback

%

Dieback  Alive%

Dead due to dieback

%

PPF 35 40 25

KPF4 93.7 6.3 0

KPF12 93.7 6.3 0

Brown spot disease symptoms

Brown spot on leaves, fruit and stem

Virus symptoms‐ Fruit woodiness, ring spots and leaf curl and roll, mosaics and crinkling

Validation of virus diagnostic procedure developed at Ohio State university 

• Symptomatic and asymptomatic passion fruit samples for validation of the designed primers have been collected from  farms

• Uasin Gishu District

• Nakuru North

Farmer preferred onion varieties

Variety Bungoma Kirinyaga Nyeri

Red creole 81.0% 68.2% 77.5%

Bombay red .0% 18.2% 5.0%

Red tropicana 1.7% 4.5% 2.5%

Africa best .0% 9.1% 2.5%

Hybrid Pannar 15.5% .0% 11.3%

Others

IPM CRSP

Treatment Damage Number ofThrips

1)Need-based pesticide application after scouting (sprayed Confidor1st month,2nd

alternated with Decis 3rd Month A.T.P.

0.056 ± 0.022c 2.713d ± 0.171

2)Farmer practice (Spray with Decis at 4 weeks A.T.P. and fortnightly thereafter.

0.200 ± 0.040c 3.925c ± 0.337

3)Needbased pesticide application after scouting and use of biopesticides (Biopower/Metarhizium at 4 weeks A.T.P., alternating with Achook and Decis.

0.206 ± 0.052c 4.544c ± 0.401

4)Need-based pesticide application starting as in 1 but sprayed during 2nd

month and 3rd month.

0.481 ± 0.062b 6.663b ± 0.489

5)Control ( No insecticide application) 1.263 ± 0.066a 14.100a ± 0.467

Cv 18.21150 30.36327

p-value <.0001 <.0001

IPM CRSP

The IPM CRSP project has put KENYA in the World map

Miriam Otipa explains her passionfruit research activities to Her Exellency H. Clinton, U.S Secretary of state accompanied by the Director, KARI and other dignitaries

Impact on policy

Increased visibility

IPM CRSP

Degree

Student’s Gender

Institution Exp.Completion date

PhD 1Female JKUAT 2013MSc 4 Females JKUAT/Kenyatta

University2012& 2013

MSc 1Female Makerere 2013Bsc 1Male JKUAT 2013MSc 1 Male Methodist 2014

Capacity building(Longterm)

IPM CRSP

Cebrating success during Pest and Disease Diagnostics forInternation Trade and Food workshop at Ohio State UniversityAt Wooster in 2010

Shorterm training (Ohio, Makerere, SUA.