Inspection on farms – experiences from Denmark

The danish approach to IPPC on livestock farming

by Peter Dorff Hansen

Environmental Division

Ringsted Municipality

Main environmental problems

• Odour problem (from the farm or the field)

• Noise (animals, transport, field)

• Surface water (manure/slurry)

• Groundwater (pesticides, oil, manure/slurry)

• Emissions of ammonia gas (nature)

• Emissions of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4)

Regulation in relation to…..

• Regional planning - County Council

• Terms in approval - Municipality

• BREF-note (Best Available Techniques)

• National legal notice – EPA

• Case to case assessment and decision in relation to pollution prevention

Regional Planning

• Assesment of environmental impact from project in relation to: Nature, culture/landscape, groundwater, rivers/lakes etc.

• Council Directive 85/337/EEC of 27 June 1985 on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment

Environmental approval

• Size, type and composition of livestock

• Activities and techniques

• Odour assesment

• Noise assesment

• Wastewater treatment

Size and composition of livestock

• Capacity of farm - size of buildings

• Production level

• Composition of animals (weight, number)

• Documentation on production level (deliverance to slaughtery)

Activities and techniques

• Map of location (buildings, size, function)

• Housing system – heating, ventilation

• Feeding system

• Drinkwater supply

• Storagesystem for manure/slurry

Odour assesment

Emission on odour depends on:

• Type of livestock

• Size of livestock

• Outside temperature (climate)

• (Feeding system, technology, handling…)

Odour emissions from livestock (unit/sec pr. 1000 kg)

Species Average emission

Worst case (summer)

Cattle 25 40

Poultry 80 120

Pigs

Piglet

Fattening pig

Sow

140

100

40

210

150

60

Differencies in tolerance

• Area no. I: Town areas (1 unit/m3)• Area no. II: Villages (3 unit/m3)• Area no. III: Rural areas (10 unit/m3)

• Example on odour assessment based on ”Guidelines on assessment of odour and reducing of inconviniences from livestocks”

Noise assesment – guidelines on accepted noiselevel in rural areas

Monday – Friday 7.00-18.00

Saturday 7.00-14.00

Monday – Friday 18.00-22.00

Saturday 14.00-22.00

Sunday 7.00-22.00

All days

22.00-7.00

55 dB (A) 45 dB (A) 45 dB (A) –

(max. 55 dB (A) )

Wastewater treatment

• Individual approval on wastewater

• Oil separated and led to closed tank

• Spread on fields – on certain conditions

Applied techniques and BAT

• The intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs BREF (Best Available Techniques reference document), July 2003

• http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/ippc/brefs/ilf_final_0703.pdf

Danish EPA - Legal notice on livestock farming• Limits on distance • Restrictions on handling and storage of

manure and slurry• Limits on density of animals pr. hectare• Restrictions on handling and storage of

chemicals• Obligation on inform in case of

changes/expanding

Limits on distance

• > 50 meters to neighbors

• Only in rural areas (not town/village areas)

• More than 300 m to village

• Demands on distance to watersupply, rivers, public roads, buildings, food industry

Handling and storage of manure/slurry

• Min. 9 month storage capacity

• Demands on storage construction and control

• Cover on storage

• Restriction on spreading (not in weekends, not from harvest to february)

• Demands to spreading equipment

Limits on density of animals

Demands on owned field area:

• < 4200 pigs 25 %

• 4200 - 8750 pigs 60 %

• > 8750 pigs 100 %

Demands on harmonie livestock/field size:

• Max. 49 pigs pr. hectare

Restrictions in relation to chemicals

• Education and certificate for user

• Updated list on approved pesticides

• Safe storage

• Cleaning in field

New techniques – coming up

• Acid additives to slurry – Saving nutrient (Ammonia – NH3)

• Biofilter – air cleaning system

• Ozone – air cleaning system

Final Remarks

• To day - Most environmental problems can/must be solved at the moment of location and/or changes

• In future – assesment on effect of new techniques (experiences and documentation)