INORGANIC COMPOUNDS

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Small in size No carbon (some exceptions) Not a good source of energy Found on earth and in living

things Ex: water, acids, bases, salts

Large in size All contain carbon, and usually

hydrogen >CO2 is inorganic Good source of energy

Ex: carbs and lipids Only in living things Other examples: Proteins,

DNA, and RNA Also known as macromolecules

CHEMISTRY OF WATER

POLARITY• Oxygen – electronegative & selfish and

hogs the electrons• Electronegative refers to its ability to attract

electrons

• Polar covalent bond created between H & O• Polarity- unequal sharing of electrons• Results in a positive (H) and a negative (O)

dipole

HYDROGEN BONDING

•Hydrogen bond- when H is weakly bonded to a more electronegative atom•Caused by the polarity of

water molecules•Polarity and H bonds give

water important in properties

POGIL- http://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-polarity-makes-water-behave-strangely-christina-kleinberg

• http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/propertiesofwater/water.html

PROPERTIES OF WATER

•Cohesion•Adhesion•Surface tension•High specific heat•Moderates temperature on earth and in our bodies

•Density of ice vs. water

COHESION & ADHESION

• Cohesion- water molecules sticking to other water molecules • To create the least amount of surface

area

• Adhesion- water molecules sticking to anything OTHER than water• Ex: To plants, car windows, mirrors etc.

Space station Videohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whukr452ZvY

• Water attracted to one another • Pull inward- creates

“membrane” on the outside of the molecules• Caused by H bonds

creating strong cohesive layer

SURFACE TENSION

SURFACE TENSION

Space Station-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whukr452ZvY

ICE IS LESS DENSE THAN LIQUID WATER

• A liter of ice weighs less than a liter of water• Caused by the hydrogen bonds- spread molecules out• What would happen if ice was more dense than water? What

effect do you think that would have on life?

• Ted Ed –Water Video- show after• http://ed.ted.com/lessons/why-d

oes-ice-float-in-water-george-zaidan-and-charles-morton

• http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/propertiesofwater/water.html

WATER IS THE UNIVERSAL SOLVENT• Suspension – 2 or more materials that do not

chemically combine (heterogeneous)• Ex: water and sand

• Solution – uniform mixture of 2 or more substances where the solid is chemically dissolved in the liquid. (homogeneous)• Ex: Salt water

• Solvent – dissolving agent (usually water)

• Solute – Substance being dissolved (salt)

Show Sumansain video

HIGH SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY

• Water has a high specific heat capacity • Can absorb large amounts of heat and only raise

temperate by a few degrees• Regulates the climate (keeps it a moderate temp)• Organisms (mostly made of water) regulate body temp

in the same way

PH SCALE

• Acid – donates H+ ions• Below 7 on pH scale

• Lower numbers = stronger acid

• Ex: Hydrochloric acid (HCl),

• Neutral – equal H+ and OH-• Ex: Pure water,

human blood

• pH of 7

Base – accepts H+ ions

Above 7 on pH scaleHigh number = stronger baseEx: ammonia, bleach

ACID PRECIPITATION! YIKES!

Sulfur dioxides and nitrogen oxides mix with atmosphere• From burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas)• Factories and cars

• Rain, snow, fog pH < 5.6• Recorded as low as 3!

• Impacts:• Killing plants, and animals• Eroding of buildings/statues/pipes/cables

BUFFERS• A chemical substance that resists changes in pH by accepting hydrogen ions from

or donating hydrogen ions to solutions (has both weak acid and base in it)• Maintains homeostasis

BUFFERS

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NJyAme5GVF8

• First 2 mins of:• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Fdt5WnYn1k

PH AND BREATHING

WHAT IS THE TERM THAT REFERS TO WATER MOLECULES BEING ATTRACTED

TO OTHER WATER MOLECULES?

COHESION

WHAT IS THE TERM THAT REFERS TO THE UNEQUAL SHARING OF

ELECTRONS?

POLARITY

WHAT ARE THE BONDS CALLED WHICH HOLD WATER MOLECULES

TOGETHER?

HYDROGEN BONDS

WHAT CAUSES HYDROGEN BONDS TO OCCUR IN WATER MOLECULES?

POLARITY

WHAT IS THE TERM THAT REFERS TO WATER MOLECULES BEING ATTRACTED TO SUBSTANCES OTHER THAN WATER?

ADHESION

WHAT ARE THE BONDS CALLED WHICH HOLD OXYGEN AND

HYDROGEN TOGETHER?

POLAR COVALENT BONDS

WHY DOES SURFACE TENSION OCCUR?

COHESION- INWARD PULL OF WATER MOLECULES

WHAT IS A UNIFORM MIXTURE OF 2 OR MORE SUBSTANCES WHERE THE SOLID IS CHEMICALLY DISSOLVED IN THE LIQUID?

SOLUTION

WHAT IS A MIXTURE CALLED WHEN 2 OR MORE MATERIALS DO

NOT CHEMICALLY COMBINE?

SUSPENSION

WHAT IS THE TERM FOR A DISSOLVING AGENT IN A

SOLUTION?

SOLVENT

WHAT IS THE TERM FOR THE SUBSTANCE BEING DISSOLVED?

SOLUTE