inorganic chemicals (ioc) cyanide sampling procedures

Inorganic Chemicals (IOC)Inorganic Chemicals (IOC)Cyanide SamplingCyanide Sampling

ProceduresProcedures

The purpose of these slides is to demonstrate The purpose of these slides is to demonstrate recommended sampling techniques. This recommended sampling techniques. This presentation includes:presentation includes: supplies neededsupplies needed sample tap selectionsample tap selection collection; and collection; and shipping. shipping.

Inorganic Chemicals (IOC) Cyanide SamplingInorganic Chemicals (IOC) Cyanide Sampling

We know and recognize that there are numerous We know and recognize that there are numerous techniques and methods for collecting drinking techniques and methods for collecting drinking water samples. The idea of this presentation is to water samples. The idea of this presentation is to demonstrate the general method used while demonstrate the general method used while providing some helpful suggestions for sample providing some helpful suggestions for sample collection, whether you are an owner, operator, or collection, whether you are an owner, operator, or trainee. This presentation is in no way to be trainee. This presentation is in no way to be considered a substitute for the federal Safe considered a substitute for the federal Safe Drinking Water Act and amendments.Drinking Water Act and amendments.

Inorganic Chemicals (IOC) Cyanide SamplingInorganic Chemicals (IOC) Cyanide Sampling

What are Inorganic Chemicals and What are Inorganic Chemicals and why do we sample for them?why do we sample for them?

Inorganic chemicals are elements orInorganic chemicals are elements orcompounds found in water supplies. compounds found in water supplies.

What are Inorganic Chemicals and why do we sample for What are Inorganic Chemicals and why do we sample for

them?them?

They may occur naturally in the geologyThey may occur naturally in the geologyor they may be caused by :or they may be caused by :

Industry

or Agricultural activities. or Agricultural activities.

MiningMining


them?them?

It is common to have trace amounts of many It is common to have trace amounts of many inorganic chemicals in water supplies.inorganic chemicals in water supplies.


them?them?

Damaging EffectsDamaging Effects In larger amounts, however, inorganic chemicals can beIn larger amounts, however, inorganic chemicals can bedangerous, and can cause a variety of damaging effects dangerous, and can cause a variety of damaging effects

to the liver, kidney, nervous system, circulatory to the liver, kidney, nervous system, circulatory system, gastrointestinal system, bones, and skin, system, gastrointestinal system, bones, and skin,

depending upon the chemicals and level of exposure.depending upon the chemicals and level of exposure.

Pregnant women and infants Pregnant women and infants are especially susceptible to are especially susceptible to harm from inorganic harm from inorganic chemicals.chemicals.

Damaging EffectsDamaging Effects

What are Inorganic Chemicals and What are Inorganic Chemicals and why do we sample for them?why do we sample for them?

First regulated in 1975, First regulated in 1975, the US Environmental the US Environmental Protection Agency Protection Agency established "maximum established "maximum contaminant levels" or contaminant levels" or "MCLs." for various "MCLs." for various inorganic chemicals. inorganic chemicals.

IOC GroupsIOC Groups

There are three different IOC for There are three different IOC for sampling: sampling: Non-MetalsNon-Metals MetalsMetals CyanideCyanide

This procedure is for Cyanide. This procedure is for Cyanide.

State Guidelines – Rules – Sample State Guidelines – Rules – Sample RequirementsRequirements

Be sure to check with Be sure to check with your state or tribal your state or tribal drinking water program drinking water program office for additional office for additional guidelines, rules and/or guidelines, rules and/or sample requirements sample requirements since they may be more since they may be more stringent than those stringent than those required by the federal required by the federal Safe Drinking Water Act. Safe Drinking Water Act.

IOC-Cyanide Sampling SuppliesIOC-Cyanide Sampling Supplies

Before you begin sampling, it is important to have Before you begin sampling, it is important to have all of your supplies on hand. Here is a list of the all of your supplies on hand. Here is a list of the

suggested supplies you may need:suggested supplies you may need:

Cooler for shipping and storage of your sampleCooler for shipping and storage of your samplewhile in transit between collection point and lab.while in transit between collection point and lab.


Bagged Ice for your shipping cooler. Bagged Ice for your shipping cooler.


PVC or unsupported Neoprene gloves which are PVC or unsupported Neoprene gloves which are necessary to keep your hands safe from sample necessary to keep your hands safe from sample

container preservative chemicals.container preservative chemicals.


Safety Goggles which are necessary to keep Safety Goggles which are necessary to keep your hands and eyes safe from sample your hands and eyes safe from sample

container preservative chemicals.container preservative chemicals.


Sample ContainerSample Container


Lab slips, labels, and markers for sample containerLab slips, labels, and markers for sample containeridentificationidentification


Additional Recommended Items are:Additional Recommended Items are:

Paper towels for drying off the outside of your sample Paper towels for drying off the outside of your sample container after sampling.container after sampling.


Plastic storage baggies for ice andPlastic storage baggies for ice andsample container sample container


Sampling ContainersSampling Containers

For cyanide sampling For cyanide sampling a one liter glass or a one liter glass or plastic container is plastic container is often used. The often used. The laboratory usually laboratory usually adds sodium adds sodium hydroxide to the hydroxide to the container for container for preservation of the preservation of the sample until it can be sample until it can be properly tested.properly tested.

As a general rule, As a general rule, proper washing of proper washing of hands is highly hands is highly recommended for recommended for the sample the sample collector.collector.


Also, food, drink, and even 2nd hand cigarette Also, food, drink, and even 2nd hand cigarette smoke should never come into contact with the smoke should never come into contact with the sample or its containers. These foreign objects sample or its containers. These foreign objects have been suspected of causing false results in have been suspected of causing false results in

samples, so be sure to practice good clean sample samples, so be sure to practice good clean sample collection procedures.collection procedures.


Do not sample with Do not sample with any containers that any containers that appear to have been appear to have been tampered with since tampered with since this may cause an this may cause an undesirable sample undesirable sample result.result.


Sampling ProceduresSampling Procedures

The laboratory that supplies the sampling containers The laboratory that supplies the sampling containers may provide instruction with the kit for the type of may provide instruction with the kit for the type of

monitoring being performed. Be sure to refer to those monitoring being performed. Be sure to refer to those instructions when provided.instructions when provided.


Important: The laboratory supplying the sample containers may send trip blanks, sometimes called field reagent blanks, along with the sample containers. Trip blanks consist of sample containers filled at the laboratory, that must remain sealed and must be shipped back to the lab . This is done to check if samples were contaminated during shipment.

Important Safety PrecautionsImportant Safety Precautions

Safety goggles and Safety goggles and gloves gloves mustmust be worn. be worn.

Wash hands before and after sampling. Wash hands before and after sampling.

Important Safety PrecautionsImportant Safety Precautions


Caution-Hazard Caution-Hazard Sample containers may contain liquid Sample containers may contain liquid preservatives. Liquid preservatives will cause preservatives. Liquid preservatives will cause burns. If it comes into contact with the skin or burns. If it comes into contact with the skin or eyes, flush with liberal amounts of water and seek eyes, flush with liberal amounts of water and seek immediate medical attention.immediate medical attention.

Select a state approved sampling location if any have Select a state approved sampling location if any have been designated. If none have been designated, been designated. If none have been designated, contact your state or tribal drinking water program contact your state or tribal drinking water program office. For a surface water system, the plant effluent office. For a surface water system, the plant effluent tap might be an appropriate sampling location. For a tap might be an appropriate sampling location. For a well discharging directly into a distribution system well discharging directly into a distribution system (entry point to the distribution system or EPTDS), a (entry point to the distribution system or EPTDS), a tap on the well’s discharge piping after any treatment tap on the well’s discharge piping after any treatment may be appropriate. may be appropriate.


If possible, use a non-swivel faucet and remove all If possible, use a non-swivel faucet and remove all attachments, including any aerators, strainers and hoses. attachments, including any aerators, strainers and hoses. It is normally recommended not to take a sample at that It is normally recommended not to take a sample at that location if all attachments cannot be removed because location if all attachments cannot be removed because

they may alter the sample results.they may alter the sample results.


Turn on the water tap and Turn on the water tap and run the water until the run the water until the temperature has stabilized temperature has stabilized (use a thermometer if (use a thermometer if possible) This typically possible) This typically takes 2 to 3 minutes. Then takes 2 to 3 minutes. Then reduce the flow so that the reduce the flow so that the stream is approximately ¼ stream is approximately ¼ inch in diameter.inch in diameter. Do not Do not change the flow rate until change the flow rate until after sampling is after sampling is completed.completed.


While the water is running for thoseWhile the water is running for those 2-3 minutes, completely fill out the 2-3 minutes, completely fill out the labels and lab slip. Be sure to clearly labels and lab slip. Be sure to clearly identify the system information, like identify the system information, like the public water system identification the public water system identification number, number, exact exact sample location, date and time of collection, and the sampler’s name. sample location, date and time of collection, and the sampler’s name.

If the sample collection point has a specific coded identification, include it on the label and If the sample collection point has a specific coded identification, include it on the label and sample submission form. Be sure to attach the label prior to sampling. A wet sample container sample submission form. Be sure to attach the label prior to sampling. A wet sample container may not allow the label to properly adhere. may not allow the label to properly adhere.


Remove the cap from the container, keeping the Remove the cap from the container, keeping the container upright to prevent spilling any container upright to prevent spilling any preservatives. Do no put the cap face down or put preservatives. Do no put the cap face down or put it in your pocket. Do not allow the inside of the it in your pocket. Do not allow the inside of the cap, the inside of the container, or the container cap, the inside of the container, or the container threads to be touched by any object. DO NOT threads to be touched by any object. DO NOT rinse out the container prior to sampling.rinse out the container prior to sampling.


Hold container at an angle pointing away form Hold container at an angle pointing away form your face and carefully fill it to its shoulder. If acid your face and carefully fill it to its shoulder. If acid is in the container, it will mix rapidly with the water is in the container, it will mix rapidly with the water and may splatter a bit. Leave enough room in the and may splatter a bit. Leave enough room in the bottle so that the sample can be shaken to mix the bottle so that the sample can be shaken to mix the preservative. Put the cap on the container, tighten preservative. Put the cap on the container, tighten it, and shake the bottle vigorously for one minute. it, and shake the bottle vigorously for one minute.


Screw the cap on the bottle being sure not Screw the cap on the bottle being sure not to overtighten the capto overtighten the cap


Complete the forms supplied by the laboratory with the Complete the forms supplied by the laboratory with the appropriate information such as public water systems (PWS) appropriate information such as public water systems (PWS) identification number, exact sample collection location, date identification number, exact sample collection location, date

and time, type of sample collection (raw, plant tap, entry and time, type of sample collection (raw, plant tap, entry point, or distribution), and type of analysis to be run. In many point, or distribution), and type of analysis to be run. In many

states, the same form that is filled out here will be used to states, the same form that is filled out here will be used to report the analytical results. Also, complete a chain of report the analytical results. Also, complete a chain of

custody form if required.custody form if required.


Place the samples in a cooler. The trip blanks Place the samples in a cooler. The trip blanks should still be in the cooler. Keep the samples at should still be in the cooler. Keep the samples at 2 degrees to 6 degrees Celsius ( 36 degrees to 43 2 degrees to 6 degrees Celsius ( 36 degrees to 43 degrees Fahrenheit) and keep them away form degrees Fahrenheit) and keep them away form direct light or gasoline and solvent vapors. direct light or gasoline and solvent vapors.

Pack the samples in a cooler with Ice. As a tip, it Pack the samples in a cooler with Ice. As a tip, it might be a good idea to bag up the sample and might be a good idea to bag up the sample and the ice separately in the cooler. This will help the ice separately in the cooler. This will help prevent leakage or contamination of the sample prevent leakage or contamination of the sample from the ice.from the ice.


Deliver the samples to the laboratory or ship the Deliver the samples to the laboratory or ship the samples by an overnight courier. This will ensure samples by an overnight courier. This will ensure prompt testing for the most accurate results. All prompt testing for the most accurate results. All

samples must be received by the laboratory samples must be received by the laboratory within within 7days.7days.


If the laboratory has any additional shipping If the laboratory has any additional shipping recommendations or requirements, they recommendations or requirements, they

should be read and followed closely. should be read and followed closely.


If you have any additional questions, please If you have any additional questions, please contact your state or tribal drinking water contact your state or tribal drinking water program office for assistance. program office for assistance.

Following the proper drinking water sample Following the proper drinking water sample collection procedures can lead to peace of mind, collection procedures can lead to peace of mind, knowing that the test results truly represent the knowing that the test results truly represent the quality of water your customers are drinking. After quality of water your customers are drinking. After all, isn’t our goal to ensure . . .all, isn’t our goal to ensure . . .


Inorganic Chemicals (IOC)Inorganic Chemicals (IOC) Cyanide Sampling Procedures Cyanide Sampling Procedures

““Water Safe to Drink”Water Safe to Drink”

inorganic chemicals (ioc) cyanide sampling procedures

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