INNOVATIVE PERSPECTIVES FOR ELECTRICITY TRANSPORT

Jean-Maxime SAUGRAIN

Corporate VP Technical

Sharing Knowledge Across the Mediterranean Rabat – Morocco – May 9, 2013

NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat – May 9, 2013 – 2

Normal metal

Superconductor

Magnetic field

Current density

Temperature Tc

Jc

Bc

Superconducting domain

Superconductors are materials which are near-perfect conductors of electricity: virtually no electrical resistance !

Introduction to superconductors

NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat – May 9, 2013 – 3

! Huge current transport capacity: 150 times larger than the one of copper !

Superconducting cables provide a new way to solve power transmission issues by increasing the current (up to 5 kA AC or beyond 10 kA DC) rather than the voltage

Why superconductors in power grids ?

! Superconductors become resistive when the current exceeds a critical value

HTS fault current limiters prevent the propagation of fault currents

Tc

Jc

Bc

NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat – May 9, 2013 – 4

! Medium voltage (MV) AC cables for city centers

! High voltage (HV) AC cables

! High-capacity HV DC cables

Superconducting cables 3 applications targeted

NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat – May 9, 2013 – 5

! Medium voltage (MV) AC cables for city centers

! High voltage (HV) AC cables

! High-capacity HV DC cables

Superconducting cables 3 applications targeted

NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat – May 9, 2013 – 6

MV AC cable for city centers Ampacity project

NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat – May 9, 2013 – 7

Luftbild: "Darstellung aus HK Luftbilder / Karten Lizenz Nr. 197 / 2012 mit Genehmigung vom Amt für Geoinformation, Vermessung und Kataster der Stadt Essen vom 13.02.2012"

Technical specification - 1 km distance between substations - 10 kV system voltage - 2.3 kA operating current (40 MVA)

Substation Dellbrügge

Cable Joint

Substation Herkules

Ampacity project Overview

NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat – May 9, 2013 – 8

! Power supply within cities predominantly with cables   Many quite old cables and substations   Refurbishment / replacement in upcoming years   Adaption of substations to new load requirements

! Superconducting systems (cables in combination with fault current limiters)   Constitute in some cases an attractive option for replacing

conventional cables   Enable new grid concepts

Ampacity project Motivation

A techno-economical study was carried out by KIT, RWE, Nexans and the University of Hanover

NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat – May 9, 2013 – 9

Conventional 110 kV cable

1200

600

175 175125 125

1050

650

850

125125 100 100100 100

145

200

400

700

100 100

Techno-economical study 3 solutions considered

Conventional 10 kV cables Superconducting 10 kV cable

NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat – May 9, 2013 – 10

Techno-economical study New grid concept

MV

HV HV

MV

introducing superconducting

MV cables

NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat – May 9, 2013 – 11

! Dispensable devices for new grid concept   12.1 km of 110 kV cable systems

  12 x 110 kV cable switchgear

  5 x 40 MVA, 110/10 kV transformers

  5 x 110 kV transformer switchgear

  5 x 10 kV transformer switchgear

! Additionally required devices for new grid concept   23.4 km of 10 kV HTS cable system

  16 x 10 kV cable switchgear

  3 x 10 kV bus ties

Techno-economical study Overall changes in the grid

NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat – May 9, 2013 – 12

>  Comparison of the 3 options based on NPV method

>  Investment costs and operating costs (maintenance and losses)

>  40 years

>  2 % yearly increase

>  6.5 % interest rate

>  65 €/MWh To

tal N

PV

in M€

103.2

87.7 93.7

Ampacity project Economical considerations

NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat – May 9, 2013 – 13 1200

600

175 175125 125

1050

650

850

125125 100 100100 100

145

200

400

700

100 100

Ampacity project Superconducting cable benefits

! Increased power density   Avoiding higher voltage levels for power transmission

! Negligible thermal impact on the environment   No drying out of soil, no thermal backfill required

  No maximum laying depth, no bottlenecks at cable crossings

! No outer magnetic field during normal operation

! Reduced space for substations and for cable installation   Simplified cable installation, less civil works

  Space-savings in urban areas

NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat – May 9, 2013 – 14

40 MVA

40 MVA

40 MVA

40 MVA 110 kV 10 kV

10 kV

110 kV UGC

110 kV UGC

Substation Herkules

Substation Dellbrügge

Ampacity project Present electrical configuration

NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat – May 9, 2013 – 15

40 MVA

10 kV

40 MVA 110 kV 10 kV

40 MVA

FCL 10 kV HTS UGC

110 kV UGC

Substation Herkules

Substation Dellbrügge

Ampacity project Configuration with supercond. system

NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat – May 9, 2013 – 16

Dielectric Former

Screen

Outer cooling

with liquid nitrogen

Cable Cryostat

Inner cooling

with liquid nitrogen

Phase 1 Phase 2

Phase 3

Ampacity project Cable design

NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat – May 9, 2013 – 17

Termination Cryostat

Cooling Inlet Phase 1

Phase 2 Phase 3

Cooling Outlet

Measurement Connection

Cable Connection

Screen

Ampacity project Termination design

NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat – May 9, 2013 – 18

Parameter Value Rated power 40 MVA

Rated voltage 10 kV

Rated current 2.3 kA

Prospective peak short circuit current 50 kA

Limited peak short circuit current < 13 kA

Limitation time 100 ms

Ampacity project Fault current limiter design

NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat – May 9, 2013 – 19

>  4 kW cold power at 67 K

>  Subcooled pressurized nitrogen

>  Forced flow in closed circuit

>  High availability and reliability Pressure Built-Up

HTS Cable

SFCL

Vacuum Pump

lN2 Storage Tank

Circulation Pump

Ampacity project Cooling system design

NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat – May 9, 2013 – 20

! Pre-prototype cable test done in 2012

! Prototype cable test finished early 2013

! Final cable manufacturing in progress ! Fault current limiter manufacturing in

progress

Ampacity project Status

NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat – May 9, 2013 – 21

! Medium voltage (MV) AC cables for city centers

! High voltage (HV) AC cables

! High-capacity HV DC cables

Superconducting cables 3 applications targeted

NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat – May 9, 2013 – 22

! Partners: American Superconductor (leader), Long Island Power Utility (LIPA), Air Liquide

! Funding: U. S. Department of Energy

! 600 m long cable system 138kV/2400A ~ 574MVA

! Design fault current: 51 kA @ 12 line cycles (200ms)

! Cable phases pulled in underground polyethylene conduits

Holbrook Substation

Switching Station

600 meter

HV AC cable LIPA1 project

Demonstrating feasibility of HV superconducting cables

NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat – May 9, 2013 – 23

LIPA1 project Connection to grid

World’s longest HTS cable successfully energized on April 22, 2008

NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat – May 9, 2013 – 24

Redundant Cooling & Control

Bul

k LN

2 St

orag

e

Heat

Power

SCA

DA

Supply

Return

Replacement of one phase (introducing second-generation HTS tapes and repairable cryogenic envelope)

Field joint

Preparing multi-kilometer HV superconducting cables

! Project funded by the U. S. Department of Energy ! Same partners (American Superconductor, Air Liquide and LIPA)

and same site as for the LIPA1 project

Installation and tests completed; commissioning pending

HV AC cable LIPA2 project

NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat – May 9, 2013 – 25

! Medium voltage (MV) AC cables for city centers

! High voltage (HV) AC cables

! High-capacity HV DC cables

Superconducting cables 3 applications targeted

Rabat – May 9, 2013 – 26 Courtesy: A. Ballarino, CERN

Total current capacity: ∼ 200 kA

Superconducting link project for the Large Hadron Collider at CERN

LHC

∼ 80 m

Objective: Powering of LHC magnets via superconducting links transferring DC currents from the surface to the tunnel

underground area where the magnets are operated

Preliminary experience at CERN with MgB2 superconducting wires

Multi-cable assembly with

MgB2 wire

Current capacity of ∼ 20 kA at 20 K

being tested at CERN at low voltage on

20-meter cable prototypes

NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat – May 9, 2013 – 27

High-capacity HV DC cable

Future collaborative project being considered

Cable demonstrator characteristics

Structure Monopole

Power 3.2 GW (6.4 GW for a dipole)

Voltage 320 kV DC

Current 10 kA

Length 30 m

Cooling fluids Helium gas or liquid hydrogen for MgB2 conductor (-250°C) Liquid nitrogen for electrical insulation (-200°C)

NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat – May 9, 2013 – 28

10 kA MgB2 conductor in helium gas or liquid hydrogen

Cryogenic envelope

Electrical insulation in liquid nitrogen

High-capacity HV DC cable 320 kV DC cable concept

NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat – May 9, 2013 – 29

●  Optimization of MgB2 wires and conductors

●  Cable system ●  Cryogenic machine ●  Testing in He gas ●  Integration into the grid

●  MgB2 wire ●  Optimization of MgB2 wires

and conductors

●  Cable system ●  Integration into

transmission grid ●  Reliability

●  Cable system

●  Scientific coordination ●  Dissemination &

exploitation

●  Optimization of MgB2 wires and conductors

●  Cable system

TU Dresden ●  Cryogenic machine

UP Madrid ●  Reliability ●  Integration into

transmission grid

ESPCI (Paris) ●  Cable system

●  Cable system

RSE

High-capacity HV DC cable Partners foreseen

NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat – May 9, 2013 – 30

! Superconductors have come out of laboratories and are now ready to be incorporated in power grids

! Superconducting systems constitute attractive alternatives to conventional systems   Reducing operating voltages

  Reducing the number of inner city transformer substations

  Enabling new grid concepts

! The economical viability of superconducting systems is now achievable

! Further developments, such as HV DC cables with a capacity of several GW, are being considered

Conclusion

Thank you for your attention !