innovations in extension and advisory services: mobilising women farmers and making a difference to...
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Subdirección de Investigación y ExtensiónFood and Agriculture Organization of theUnited Nations
Research and Extension Branch
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Capacity Development to Strengthen Agriculture Innovation for Small Holders
Xiangjun Yao, Director, Office of Knowledge Exchange,
Research, and Extension
Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations (FAO)http://www.fao.org/oek/en
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Subdirección de Investigación y ExtensiónFood and Agriculture Organization of theUnited Nations
Research and Extension Branch
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Reduction of people suffering from hunger through access to safe & nutritious foods – Food Security
Elimination of poverty & social progress through increased food production, rural development, & sustainable livelihoods – Economic Development
Sustainable management of natural resources – Natural Resource Management
FAO global goals
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Research and Extension BranchFood and Agriculture Organization of theUnited Nations
Research and Extension
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Research and Extension BranchFood and Agriculture Organization of theUnited Nations
Agriculture & Rural Development Challenges
Nearly a billion hungry today Price shocks of 2006 – 2008 demonstrated how
fragile food security can be - undernourished rose by 8 percent in Africa
Population expected to reach 9.1 billion by 2050 70 percent increase in food production to feed the
world Majority of increase in demand from developing
regions
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Research and Extension BranchFood and Agriculture Organization of theUnited Nations
Agriculture & Rural Development Challenges (contd.)
Global growth of human population and ...
Increased urbanization, per capita food consumption increases & shifts to animal-based diets
Climate change impacts & increased frequency of weather shocks on food security
Since the mid-1980’s, however, aid to agriculture has fallen by 43 percent
Rural extension and advisory services suffered in particular with decreasing support
Sustainable increase of food production will be critical for meeting the global demand
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Research and Extension BranchFood and Agriculture Organization of theUnited Nations
Harnessing the Opportunities
Recent aid trends have begun to reverse, evidenced by the L’Aquila G8 Meeting in July 2009
High-Level Expert Forum on “How to Feed the World in 2050”, concluded the planet can feed itself provided that the decisions made are honoured and the required resources are effectively mobilized.
Extension has not remained immobile over the past 20 years, but has experimented and had successes
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Research and Extension BranchFood and Agriculture Organization of theUnited Nations
Capacity Development to Strengthen Agriculture Innovation for Small Holders
Challenges & Opportunities at three dimensions
Enabling Environments Organizational Individual
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Research and Extension BranchFood and Agriculture Organization of theUnited Nations
Enabling Environment level
Highly centralized and supply driven extension models
Conversely multiple and wildly disconnected extension models
Weak articulation with other actors in the value chain or within the agriculture innovation system
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Research and Extension BranchFood and Agriculture Organization of theUnited Nations
Enabling Environment level (contd.)
Too many project or outside funding-driven extension models
Need to develop the best fit, financially sustainable model
Based on small holder demands, authentic national policy development and planning and support (with a receptive ear to innovations from others) will be beneficial
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Research and Extension BranchFood and Agriculture Organization of theUnited Nations
Organizational level
Move beyond agriculture production focus only to food security, rural incomes and livelihoods, and sustainable natural resource management
Greater focus on extension as facilitators of innovation and supporters of rural innovation processes is needed
Strengthening of small holders’ organizations so that they can more
effectively demand, partner with, and implement their vision of extension
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Research and Extension BranchFood and Agriculture Organization of theUnited Nations
Organizational level (contd)
Reach more rural women
Using knowledge management strategies so ICTs can help to improve human and institutional capacities
More policy analysis and evidence-based research on rural advisory services
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Research and Extension BranchFood and Agriculture Organization of theUnited Nations
Individual level
Urgent need to prepare new generation of rural advisors & their leaders
Upstream curriculum and university preparation of extensionists needed
Innovation brokerage needs new skills in communication for development, marketing, social change processes & technical competence
Training only one modality to increase skills
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Research and Extension BranchFood and Agriculture Organization of theUnited Nations
Overall Investments
GFRAS is an investment for all; we should support advocacy, networking, and skills building for strengthened extension
Increase investments to 1 – 2 % of Ag GDP or more nuanced figures like those recently developed by FAO for country level extension investment needs
Overall, Maputo level declaration levels of 10% for agriculture development, including rural advisory services
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Research and Extension BranchFood and Agriculture Organization of theUnited Nations
The Time is Right
New interest & investments in agriculture development & extension Rich experience over past 20 years National, regional, and global networking increasing
We can feed ourselves for the future provided
that the decisions made are honoured and
the required resources are
effectively mobilized
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Research and Extension BranchFood and Agriculture Organization of theUnited Nations
Conclusion
Developing the capacities of rural advisory services at enabling
environment, organizational, and individual levels
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Research and Extension BranchFood and Agriculture Organization of theUnited Nations
Thank you!
Xiangjun Yao,
Director OEK of FAO