inheritance / transfer of an1bodies fitness wild mammals · tanja hasler and sebas.an schneider 1st...
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Inheritance/TransferofAn1bodiesFitness
WildMammals
TanjaHaslerandSebas.anSchneider1stDecember2015
Programme
• Mainpaper:FitnessCorrelatesofHeritableVaria.oninAn.bodyResponsivenessinaWildMammalGrahamA.L.etal.(2010)
• Secondpaper:Maternaltransferofan.bodies:raisingimmuno-ecologyissuesBoulinierT.andStaszewskiV.(2007)
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MainPaper:FitnessCorrelatesofHeritableVaria.oninAn.bodyResponsivenessinWild
MammalGrahamA.L.etal.(2010)
VillageBay,IslandofHirta(St.Kildaarchipelago)
1930:popula.onleY1932:107Soaysheepreintroduced,unmanagedpopula.on1959–1968,1985–present:twoperiodsofintensivestudy
4h^ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Kilda,_Scotland
VillageBay,IslandofHirta(St.Kildaarchipelago)
5(www.privateislandnews.com)
TheSoaySheep
Crashesofthepopula.ondueto-highsheepdensi.es-wetandwindywinterweather-highnematodeparasiteburdens
Descendantsofdomes.csheep
àneedoffunc.onalimmunesystem
6h^ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soay_sheep
h^ps://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soayschaf
Whatwasassessedandwhy?
What?• Theassocia.onsinthewildamong– An.bodyresponses– Survival– Traitsassociatedwithreproduc.vesuccess.
Why?• Autoimmunityisknownonlyinpeopleandlaboratory,domes.corcap.vemammals
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Thethreepartsoftheinves.ga.on
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• MeasurementofANAinthebloodplasmaofSoaysheep
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• Assessmentofoverallan.bodyrepertoireinANA-posi.vesheep
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• Examina.onoftheassocia.onsbetweenANAsanddifferentcomponentsoffitness
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WhatisANA?
• An.nuclearan.bodies
• Normallyonlyrecogni.onofforeignmaterialàselftolerance
• Indicatorforcelldivisionrateandan.bodyproduc.onbyb-cellsandbloodplasmacells
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ANA
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(Xuetal.,2013)
StructureofANA
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(h^p://www.novimmune.com/science/an.bodies.html)
ANAposi.vity
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Results1MeasurementofANAinthebloodplasmaofSoaysheep• 11%ANAposi.ve– Females27.8%ANAposi.ve– Males14.6%ANAposi.ve– (sexdifferencenotsignificantinsub-adultclasses)
• Animalswithfoodlimitandhighparasitedependencecans.llexperienceself-directedan.bodyresponses
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Results2
Assessmentofoverallan.bodyrepertoireinANA-posi.vesheep
• Assayofdifferentan.bodies:– Ribonucleoprotein-specifican.bodies– allan.bodyisotypesspecifictoTeladorsagiacircumcincta– totalplasmaimmunoglobinG
• Allan.bodiesposi.velycorrelatedwithANA
• Sugges.on:ANAconcentra.onmayreflectgeneralan.bodyresponsiveness
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Results2
AssessmentofrelatednessamongindividualsContribu.onofaddi.vegene.cfactorstovaria.on:Among-individualvaria.oninANAconcentra.onaccountedfor37.4%ofthetotalvarianceà 1/3ofamong-individualvaria.onisgene.callybased.
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Results3
Associa.onbetweenANAandfitness-parameters
• Noass.withsurvivaloflambsoryearlingsànotafocusofstudy
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Excursus:Popula.onDynamics
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DependencyANA-Age
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Discussion
• Supportstheorythatinvestmentsinimmunitylengthenslifespan(innon-laboratoryenvironment)
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Discussion
MalesaboveANA-posi.vitythresholdlesslikelysiredanyoffspring
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Discussion
ProbabilityofamalesiringatleastoneoffspringdecreaseswiththeincreaseofANAOD.
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Discussion
FemalesaboveANA-posi.vitythreshold-lesslikelyproducedalamb-morelikelyhaveatleastonesurvivinglamb
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Discussion
WithincreaseofANAOD-probabilityofafemalebreedingdecreases-probabilityofoffspringsurvivalincreases
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Conclusion• Resultsofstudysupporttheorythatinvestmentsinimmunitylengthenslifespan(innon-laboratoryenvironment)
• WiththeincreaseofANAà– Maleannualbreedingsuccessdeclined– Femalefecunditydeclined– Offspringsurvivalamongbreedingfemalesincreased
• HighANAconcentra.onà– reducedfecundityinbothsexes
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SecondPaper:Maternaltransferofan.bodies:raisingimmuno-ecologyissues
BoulinierT.&StaszewskiV.(2007)
Topics
• Maternaltransferofan.bodies– Physiology– Poten.aladap.vevalue– Sourcesofvaria.onintransfer– Costs– Sexualselec.onandtransfer– Ecologicalandepidemiologicalimplica.ons
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Transferofmaternalan.bodiesinmice
Viamilkand/oryolksac?
• IgG1:onlyviamilk• IgG2:mainlyviamilk,par.allyviayolksac• IgG3:mainlyviayolksac,par.allyviamilk
(yolksac=dt.Do^ersack)
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Group Deliveringmother Fosteringmother
1 Infected Infected
2 Non-inf. Infected
3 Infected Non-inf.
4 Non-Inf. Non-Inf.
(Morshedetal.,1993)
Poten.aladap.vevalue:Effectonoffspringgrowthofgreat.ts
28(Heebetal.,1998)
Posi.veeffectonnestlinggrowthratewhenbirdswereexposedtofleasduringegglaying.
great.t=dt.Kohlmeise
SourcesofVaria.oninTransferofAn.bodies
• Gene.ceffects
• Environmentaleffects– Density,exposure– Timingofexposure– Nutri.on
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CostofTransfer
• Largedrainofmaternalan.bodiesinsomecasesàCost
• Eg.:Matureheneggcontains10–20%ofsteadystatehenlgYlevel
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CostofTransfer
(Kowalczyk,K.etal.,1985)31
Sexualselec.onandtransferofan.bodies
• Motherstransmitan.bodies,notfathers
• Femalesmayhavecuetoshowhighan.bodyavailabilityintheirsystem
• Highan.bodiescountisnotalwaysagoodsign
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Ecologicalandepidemiologicalimplica.ons
• Helpsoffspringgetaan.bodiestoonlyparasitestheyneed(environment),importantinhighlyinfectedpopula.ons(densepopula.ons)
• Passiveimmunitythroughmaternaltransmissionmayanimportanteffectoftheevolu.onofdiseaseresistanceandparasitevirulence
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Literature• Boulinier,T.,Staszewski,V.(2008).Maternaltransferofan.bodies:raisingimmuno-ecologyissues.TrendsinEcology
&Evolu2on,23(5),282-288.
• Gasparini,J.,McCoy,K.D.,Haussy,C.,Tveraa,T.,&Boulinier,T.(2001).InducedmaternalresponsetotheLymediseasespirochaeteBorreliaburgdorferisensulatoinacolonialseabird,thekipwakeRissatridactyla.ProceedingsoftheRoyalSocietyofLondonB:BiologicalSciences,268(1467),647-650.
• Heeb,P.etal.(1998).Benefitsofinducedhostresponsesagainstanectoparasite.Proc.R.Soc.Lond.BBiol.Sci.265,51–56
• Kowalczyk,K.etal.(1985).Quan.fica.onofmaternal-fetalIgGtransportinthechicken.Immunology54,755–762.
• Morshed,M.G.etal.(1993).Transferofan.bodyagainstBorreliadu^oniifrommothertoyounginDdymice.Infect.Immun.61,4147–4152
• Müller,W.,Groothuis,T.G.,Dijkstra,C.,Siitari,H.,&Alatalo,R.V.(2004).Maternalan.bodytransmissionandbreedingdensi.esintheBlack-headedGullLarusridibundus.Func2onalEcology,18(5),719-724.
• Parmen.er,H.K.,Abuzeid,S.Y.,Reilingh,G.D.V.,Nieuwland,M.G.,&Graat,E.A.M.(2001).ImmuneresponsesandresistancetoEimeriaacervulinaofchickensdivergentlyselectedforan.bodyresponsestosheepredbloodcells.PoultryScience,80(7),894-900.
• Staszewski,V.,McCoy,K.D.,Tveraa,T.,&Boulinier,T.(2007).Interannualdynamicsofan.bodylevelsinnaturallyinfectedlong-livedcolonialbirds.Ecology,88(12),3183-3191.
• Xu,R.,Krause,J.C.,McBride,R.,Paulson,J.C.,CroweJr,J.E.,&Wilson,I.A.(2013).Arecurringmo.fforan.bodyrecogni.onofthereceptor-bindingsiteofinfluenzahemagglu.nin.Naturestructural&molecularbiology,20(3),363-370.
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