ingles

– 485

GRAMMAR AND TEXTS

Módulo 11 – Text

Dear Jennifer:I got married a short time ago and my husband and I

are now in the midst of an important discussion. Should we havechildren? To be honest with each other, we both have doubtsabout the stability of the family as a unit in today’s society. Weboth came from broken homes and, to say the least, our familieswere not ideal. He and I really do want to have children, though.Is there any guarantee that we can make it work? This is how Ifeel.

Sincerely,“Afflicted”.

Responda em Português1. O que aflige a remetente?Resposta: A dúvida se ela e o marido deveriam, ou não, terfilhos.

2. Qual a visão dela e do marido em relação à família hoje emdia como instituição?Resposta: Ambos têm dúvidas quanto à estabilidade dafamília como uma unidade na sociedade atual.

Módulo 12 – Text

In order to replace the expensive fuel for cars withsomething cheaper than oil, technicians have beenexperimenting with all sorts of materia like batteries, sugar canealcohol, and even plain water. “Where there is a will, there is away”, and this is the time to prove man’s ingenuity.

3. Based on the text, translate the following words intoEnglish.

expensivea) caro ⇒ ________________________

fuelb) combustível ⇒ ________________________

techniciansc) técnicos ⇒ ________________________

ingenuityd) inventividade ⇒ ________________________

4. A palavra ingenuity é um falso cognato porque quer dizertalento, inventividade.Escreva então um sinônimo em língua inglesa.Resposta: ingeniousness.

Módulo 13 – Text

One morning David announced he was going to leavehome and see the world. His parents became very upset andreminded him that the money he had saved would not last verylong. But David insisted, telling his parents that they need notworry as he was sure he would be able to manage.

5. Write (T) true or (F) false:a) David’s parents became very upset because their son was

going to spend the money they have saved . ( F )b) David’s parents got angry because the money he had saved

was not going to last forever. ( F )c) David told his parents they needn’t worry about him because

he was sure he could take care of himself. ( T )

6. According to the text, David’s parents __________________a) were very poor.b) were not pleased with his decision.c) told him he should save money.d) sent him on a trip round the world.e) were easily upset.Resposta: B

Módulo 14 – Grammar –Gerund and Infinitive

7. Complete com o tempo verbal correto:havinga) He admitted _____________ felt completely lost. (to have)

seeingb) I can’t stand _____________ a woman cry. (to see)

seec) Let me _____________ your new notebook. (to see)

to payd) He asked me _____________ all the bills. (to pay)

8. Translate into Portuguese.a) He stopped drinking two years ago.b) They stopped to eat a sandwich.Resposta:a) Ele parou de beber dois anos atrás.b) Eles pararam para comer um sanduiche.

C2_3o_Ingles_Tar_Conv_Lu 28/08/12 11:44 Página 485

486 –

Módulos 15 e 16 – Text

(UNICAMP)Mobile phone users slow traffic downBy Brian Osborne

Sick of traffic congestion? Well, part of the blame needs togo to motorists who talk on mobile phones. At least, that is theconclusion of a study conducted by lhe University of Utah. Thestudy found that if you use your mobile phone while driving,you are less likely to pass slower vehicles. If you think the studyis not talking about you, because you have a hands-free device,then you are wrong. According to previous studies performedby psychology Professor Dave Strayer of the University ofUtah, the ultimate distraction for drivers is the conversation -not just holding the mobile phone.

(Adaptado de

www.geek.com/mobile-phone-users-slow-traffic-down/)

Responda em Português.9. Por que motoristas que dirigem enquanto conversam aocelular retardam o fluxo do tráfego?Resposta: Os motoristas que dirigem enquanto conversamao celular retardam o fluxo do tráfego, pois é menosprovável que eles ultrapassem os veículos mais lentos.

10. A que conclusão chegou o Professor Dave Strayer em suaspesquisas?Resposta: O professor Dave Strayer concluiu que oprincipal motivo de distração para os motoristas é aconversa e não simplesmente segurar o celular.

Módulo 17 – Text

(UNICAMP)At the market’s markBy Sonia Racy

The number of Brazilians living alone grows. IBGE -Brazilian Instittite of Geography and Statistics - discovered, inits last survey, that 5 million Brazilians live alone. Of this total,63% are senior citizens, but 22% are people in the 20 to 29 yearsold age range. lt is a market that grows 6 to 7% a year and drawsattention from different segments of the economy. After alI,most of these consumers earn from 10 to 20 minimum wagesand have college degrees.

(Adaptado de TAM Magazine, ano 4 n.o 44

outubro de 2007, p.72.

Responda em Português.

11. A que se refere o índice de 63% mencionado no texto?Resposta: O índice de 63% mencionado no texto refere-se àporcentagem de idosos que vivem sozinhos no Brasil.

12. O que caracteriza a maior parte dos consumidoresbrasileiros retratados no texto?Resposta: A maior parte desses consumidores recebe entre10 e 20 salários mínimos e tem grau universitário.

Módulo 18 – Grammar – Modals –Anomalous Verbs

Choose the right alternative.

13. You ______________________ work hard when you wereyounger.a) have to b) has to c) had tod) will have to e) would have toResposta: C

14. I _________________________ taking a nap after meals.a) used to b) ought to c) shouldd) am used to e) mustResposta: D

15. Peter ______________________ be at home. Look! Thelights are on.a) must b) should c) ought tod) will must e) would mustResposta: A

16. You’re very sick. You _________________ to see a doctor.a) ought b) should c) cand) may e) mustResposta: A

17. People _____________ drive without their driver-licenses.a) can b) may c) mustd) should e) mustn’tResposta: E

18. She _____________________ drink tea.a) would better b) have better c) would ratherd) had rather e) usedResposta: C


– 487

PICTURE IMPERFECT: Are cell-phone pics invasive?

Cell-phone abuse is getting out of hand around the world.

U.S. gyms are banning camera phones for fear that

people will take inappropriate photos of unknowing

subjects. In June a Melbourne man pleaded guilty to taking

pictures of young girls changing at a suburban pool, while eager

readers in Japanese bookstores reportedly click away at pages of

their favorite magazines to get out of buying them. Web sites in

Asia have appeared boasting of out-of-focus “upskirt” shots of

unaware women taken by cell phones, while one American Web

site showcases camera–phone images of women’s backsides.

Saudi Arabia does not want to bother with the gadget’s

implications; camera phones have been banned in the whole

country.

Bullies have gone high tech, too, using text messages and

voice mail to threaten their victims long after school is out. This

type of bullying has surged over the past two years, according

to Glenn Stutzky, a school–violence expert at Michigan State.

“With regular bullying, kids could go home at the end of the

day and find some peace,” Stutzky says. “Now, there’s no

escape.” A 2002 British National Children’s Home study found

that one in four children in the United Kingdom were bullied by

cell phone or the Internet. From his experience in the field,

Stutzky says cell bullies are often middle – or upper–class, and

the majority are female. He says that girls usually prefer more

subtle methods, so cell phones make the perfect tool.

(Newsweek)

1. You may infer from the text thata) camera phones will soon be banned all over the world.b) taking pictures of young girls changing at pools is considered

to be a crime in Saudi Arabia.c) cell-phone use is totally forbidden in most Arab countries.d) Japanese readers are making use of cell-phones to take

pictures of naked women.e) women’s bottoms are being exhibited by an American Web

site.

2. The text states thata) cell phones are being used by certain students to menace

their schoolmates even after school hours.b) cell phones are completely banned in American schools.c) most cell bullies are against the idea of using cell-phones at

schools.d) internet is the most common way to threaten children in the

United Kingdom.e) the use of the internet and cell phones to threaten the victims

long after school is out is decreasing in European countries.

Módulo 11 – Text: Cell-Phone Abuse

Tech Dial M for Molester


3. Cell bullies use their cell phones toa) advise other people. b) follow other people.c) hide other people. d) help other people.e) frighten other people.

Vocabularyto plead guilty = alegar culpa

eager = ansioso

to boast = gabar-se

to bother = aborrecer-se

bullies = valentões

to surge = aumentar

subtle = sutil

False Friendsmagazine = revista

expert = especialista

Atenção:

Não se esqueça dos seguintes “false friends”

large = grande

library = biblioteca

mayor = prefeito

488 –

You’d think that in a country where 60 percent of people are considered overweight and diets are all the rage, a cookbook of

artery-clogging recipeswouldn’t find many buyers. Think again. In 1999, sick of the media’s “unhealthy” fixation on dieting,

Benjamin Lewis and Rodrigo Velloso cooked up “Eat Dangerously”, a cardiac arrest of a cookbook stuffed with recipes like the 22-

pound, whiskey-filled Turkey From Hell. Americans gobbled up 3,000 copies. (Not bad for a book available mostly online.) With

more than 750,000 unique hits on their Web site (eatdangerously.com), the pair decided to offer “dangerous” menus for every occasion.

The boys’ newest release is aimed straight at your heart: Valentine’s Dangerously, which serves up lamb chops stuffed with gorgonzola

and comes with a recommendation to “wash it down with a cigarette” so you can feel it “clogging your arteries.” (“Don’t worry

Módulo 12 – Text: An Unhealthy Cookbook

Food The Quickest Way to Your Heart


though, you’ve got tons of arteries,” write the duo.) In response

to the charge that fat may be unromantic, the authors argue that

a hearty candlelit meal that forgoes dietary niceties will release

untapped chemicals in the brain, which are bound to be

mistaken for love. Americans might want to consider that this

medical advice comes from two cooks who regard data linking

healthy diets to longevity “highly questionable.” But they do

cook a damn fine meal.(Newsweek)

1. According to the passage,a) Americans are not interested in buying cookbooks.b) Americans don’t care very much about diets.c) most Americans are too fat.d) the cookbook mentioned didn’t find many buyers.e) such an American fixation on diets can’t be healthy.

2. The book mentioned in the passagea) details a new kind of diet aimed at heart patients.b) can be bought at any library.c) brings recipes that won’t damage your arteries.d) analyzes more than 750,000 recipes.e) may not be considered healthy.

3. The authors mentioned in the passagea) are very famous restaurateurs in the United States.b) strongly believe that healthy diets improve longevity.c) state that it is less dangerous to your heart to eat fatty foods

than to smoke.

d) are not very much concerned about recipes that clog yourarteries.

e) wrote the book especially to be sold on Valentine’s Day.

Vocabularyto be overweight = estar acima do peso

to be all the rage = ser muito popular, “estar na moda”

artery-clogging recipes = receitas que entopem as artérias

stuffed with = recheado de, cheio de

to gobble up = devorar

to aim at = dirigir a

charge = acusação

to forgo = abrir mão de

niceties = guloseimas

to be bound to = estar destinado a

False Friends

available = disponível

tons = toneladas

data = dados

Atenção: outros exemplos de “false friends”

notice = aviso

petrol = gasolina

– 489

Módulo 13 – Text: HRTMEDICINE

More Bad News


490 –

It’s been more than a year since a study linked hormone-

replacement therapy to a higher risk of cardiovascular

disease – and sent millions of women into a panic.

Since then, the treatment has been implicated in breast

cancer and stroke, too. But it still appeals to women desperate

to escape menopausal symptoms. For them, we have one piece

of advice: pick up copies of last week’s Lancet and New

England Journal of Medicine. Both journals add to the ever-

mounting evidence that HRT has more risks than rewards.

The NEJM study, based on the same data as last year’s

report, suggests that the risk of a heart attack rises 81 percent in

the first year of use – and that’s for all hormone users, not just

women predisposed to cardiovascular disease. And The Lancet’s

study shows that progestin-estrogen therapy (like Prempro)

tracks with an increased risk of breast cancer compared with the

risk for women taking estrogen only. Estrogen therapy (like

Premarin), by the way, is linked to uterine cancer.

The conclusion: there’s no way to get around the risks.

(Newsweek)

Responda em português:

1. O que levou milhões de mulheres a entrarem em pânico noano passado?

2. O que sugeriu o estudo publicado no New England Journalof Medicine? E o estudo publicado no Lancet?

3. A que conclusão chegaram os dois estudos mencionadosno texto?

Módulo 14 – Grammar –Gerund and Infinitive

1. Avoid ................................... her the truth. She won’tunderstand it.a) tell b) telling c) to telld) to telling e) saying

2. He pretended ......................... her as she passed him in thestreet.a) not to see b) not see c) don’t seed) not seeing e) to not see

3. Would you mind ........................... me ...................... thisletter?a) help – translate b) helping – translatingc) help – to translate d) helping – translatee) to help – to translate

4. I think she had a good reason for ............................ toschool yesterday.a) to go b) not to go c) not goingd) didn’t go e) not go

5. Could you please stop ........................... so much noise? Ican’t concentrate on my studies.a) make b) to do c) makingd) doing e) to make

6. ....................................... English is much easier than........................ it.a) Reading – speaking b) Reading – to speakc) To read – to speak d) Read – speake) Read – speaking

7. The children walked in the rain without .........................umbrellas.a) carry b) not to carry c) to carryd) carrying e) not carrying

Vocabulary

to link = relacionar

stroke = derrame

advice = conselho

rewards = recompensas

to track with = acompanhar

by the way = a propósito

to get around = conseguir evitar

False Friends

journal = periódico, revista científica

data = dados

Atenção: outros importantes “false friends”

physician = médico

prejudice = preconceito


8. The movie was so sad that she couldn’t help........................... .a) cry b) crying c) to cryd) to crying e) not crying

9. My nephew has managed ......................... the driver’s test.a) pass b) passing c) to passd) to passing e) to not pass

10. Did Steve agree to go ........................... with us?a) ski b) skiing c) to skiingd) to ski e) to not ski

11. It’s no use ........................... about it. There’s nothing youcan do.a) worrying b) worry c) to worryd) to worrying e) not worry

12. She’s used ........................... on the left because she’s livedin London a long time.a) to drive b) driving c) drived) to driving e) for driving

13. What ............................................................................... .a) do you want that I do? b) do you want I to do?c) do you want that I did? d) do you want me do?e) do you want me to do?

14. The doctor told him he should give up ............................ somuch.a) drink b) drinking c) to drinkd) for drinking e) to drinking

15. There’s no hope of ....................... survivors.a) find b) to find c) foundd) finding e) founded

– 491

Text 1: Environment

LOSING GROUND

Deforestation threatens birds like the Jambu fruit dove


By the end of this century, 42 percent of animal species in

Southeast Asia could become extinct, says a new study

published in Nature. Worse still, at least half of those species

could disappear worldwide. Using Singapore as a microcosm

for examining a regionwide tropical biodiversity crisis, Navjot

Sodhi of the National University of Singapore and his

colleagues compiled population data from the past two centuries

to prove that as Singapore's forests have been sacrificed – for

agriculture and urban development – animals that call the forest

home have suffered enormously. In the past 80 years, two thirds

of the 91 known forest-dependent species of birds in Singapore

have become extinct.

As deforestation has been the overwhelming contributor to

species demise in Singapore, Sodhi and his team used the

current deforestation rate – a staggering 74 percent loss over the

past two centuries – for the entire region of Southeast Asia, to

predict that somewhere between 13 percent and 42 percent of

species regionwide may be doomed. The future looks “bleak,”

says Sodhi. What's needed are strong measures against illegal

logging and poaching, or economic incentives to establish

nature reserves. Unless those more rigorous efforts are

undertaken, Asia may ultimately bid the likes of the banded leaf

monkey and the leopard cat adieu.

(Newsweek)

1. According to the text,

a) deforestation and worldwide economic crisis are destroying

large areas of tropical rain forests.

b) many plants and animals are threatened with extinction in

Singapore.

c) the Singaporean government is taking drastic measures to

save its forests.

d) at least 50% of birds living in the Singaporean forests have

already disappeared.

e) the future seems rosy for forest-dependent species of birds in

Singapore.

2. In: "As deforestation has been the overwhelming

contributor to species demise in Singapore,...", the underlined

word is closest in meaning to

a) survival.

b) death.

c) increase.

d) improvement.

e) growth.

3. In: “The future looks “bleak”, says Sodhi,” the underlined

word could be translated as

a) previsível.

b) favorável.

c) surpreendente.

d) sustentável.

e) sombrio.

Text 2: Are You Optimist?

Good NewsPANGLOSS POWER Here's something to really smile about.

A 30-year study shows that folks with a positive perspective

Vocabularydeforestation = desmatamento

overwhelming = dominante

staggering = assombrosa

to predict = prever

to be doomed = estar condenado

logging = extração de madeira

poaching = caça

to bid adieu = dar adeus

False Friendsdata = dados

ultimately = em última análise, no fim

Atenção: não se esqueça

presently = logo, em breve

to pretend = fingir

492 –


live 19% longer than pessimists. How this might work is not clear, but it may be that an optimistic attitude somehow strengthens the

immune system or simply inspires people to take better care of themselves. In the study, the optimists were happy to credit themselves

when things went right, and they tended to view crisis as fleeting. Pessimists, on the other hand, were chronic self-blamers. Most of

us are, no doubt, a bit of both.

(Time)

– 493

1. According to the passage,a) optimists are always smiling.b) pessimists blame everybody for their mistakes.c) pessimists never smile.d) optimists are generally weaker than pessimists.e) pessimists blame themselves when things go wrong.

2. You may infer from the passage that optimists view crisesasa) transitory.b) permanent.c) avoidable.d) pleasant.e) strong.

3. In"... inspires people to take better care of themselves.", the

phrasal verb take care of is similar in meaning toa) look for.b) look like.c) look after.d) look through.e) look into.

4. The majority of the people, according to the passage, area) pessimist.b) optimist.c) happy.d) both pessimist and optimist.e) neither pessimist nor optimist.

5. In"... an optimistic attitude somehow strengthens the immune

system...", the underlined word may be translated asa) prejudica. b) fortalece.c) imobiliza. d) afeta.e) não compromete.

Atenção

A palavra NEWS significa notícia(s), em português. É umsubstantivo singular, concordando, portanto, com o verbo nosingular. É formada a partir dos quatro pontos cardeais:North, East, West e South.


494 –

Módulos 15 e 16 - Text: Health News Blues

(UNIFESP) – INSTRUÇÃO: As questões de números 1 a 4 re fe rem-se ao texto seguinte.

Before you panic after hearing about the latest health epidemic on the local news, consider getting an expert opinion. In this

fastmoving information world, where just about anything can be found with a simple click of a mouse or by flipping through cable

channels, it’s hard to know whom to trust, especially when it comes to health and medical issues. That is why doctors advise the public

to be skeptical about news of a health “epidemic” or “crisis,” especially when it comes from the local television news.

“It’s not that the information on the news isn’t accurate,” says Dr. David B. Baron, a family physician and chief of staff at the

Santa Monica-UCLA Medical Center in Malibu, Calif. “But the media tend to go for the medical news that’s most exciting or most

interesting, and too often most alarming.”

In a survey of local television coverage of medical news, published in the March issue of The American Journal of Managed Care,

three doctors examined the content of full-length news broadcasts in the top 50 U.S. media markets and found that of the 2,795

broadcasts they reviewed, 64% featured health stories. In fact, at times health coverage is inaccurate and is squeezed into such short

bites of time that it may not provide helpful information. The average amount of airtime for each story was a mere 33 seconds, and

the two most common topics were breast cancer and West Nile Virus. The survey concluded that few of the newscasts actually

provided useful information, while some of the stories were factually incorrect-worrying considering that local television news

broadcasts reach an average of 165 million Americans.

“I think it’s alarming that they fail to talk about prevention or what to do in case,” says Dr. James M. Pribble, lead author on the

survey and elector in the Department of Emergency Medicine at the University of Michigan. “For instance, West Nile Virus was a

common story, but no one told you what to do to avoid getting bit by mosquitoes.”

Baron opines that reports on the “obesity epidemic” or Avian Flu are valid stories but often don’t include information that will

help viewers live healthier lifestyles. “There needs to be information about nutrition, weight management, smoking cessation, exercise,

lowering blood pressure and cholesterol, and preventing and screening cancer and heart disease,” he says.

Luckily, there are plenty of trusted sources for medical news and information that can be just as convenient as the 10 p.m.

newscast. Two Web sites to check out are that of the American Academy of Family Physicians at www.familydoctor.org, and WebMD.

But he stresses that all medical conditions should be properly assessed by an actual doctor.

“More than anything, I believe that people need to have a good relationship with a primary care physician whom they trust, who

takes the time to answer questions, and who cares enough to stay informed,” he says.

By Susan Yara, 07.27.06.(www.forbes.com/2006/07/26/questionable-healthnews_

cx_sy_0727htow_print.html)

1. Segundo o texto,a) não se deve confiar incondicionalmente em notícias sobresaúde veiculadas em meios de comunicação.b) notícias alarmantes sobre epidemias e crises são trans mi -tidas para provocar pânico e causar sensacionalismo.c) a mídia inventa histórias como epidemias da obesidade, dagripe aviária e da febre do Nilo, que são doenças facilmenteevitáveis.d) os médicos devem se informar sobre as notícias veicu ladasna imprensa para tratar adequadamente os novos surtos eepidemias.e) a maioria das notícias sobre saúde na TV e na Internetfornecem informações incorretas e muitas são inúteis.

2. David B. Barona) works at the Santa Monica-UCLA Medical Center inCalifornia that is associated with the American Academy ofFamily Physicians.b) contributed to the survey conducted by the AmericanJournal of Managed Care in March.c) thinks that health information in the media should bepresented in an exciting and interesting way.d) does not agree with Dr. James Pribble, who stresses theneed to inform the population about the West Nile Virus.e) believes that TV should provide useful information to helppeople to adopt a healthy lifestyle.


– 495

3. A pesquisa publicada no periódico American Journal ofManaged Carea) constatou que a maioria dos 2795 noticiários de TVapresenta matérias de 33 segundos.b) indicou que 64% das matérias televisivas sobre saúde sãocondensadas em 33 segundos.c) afirma que 165 milhões de telespectadores americanos sãoatingidos por notícias incorretas e sensacionalistas todos os dias.d) concluiu que a maioria das notícias televisivas não forneceinformações úteis ao telespectador.e) recomenda que seja necessário ensinar a população a seproteger contra a gripe aviária e outras epidemias em telejornaisde grande audiência.

4. O trecho do sexto parágrafo do texto – But he stresses thatall medical conditions should be properly assessed by an actualdoctor. – significa, em português:a) Mas ele diz que as condições médicas do estresse devemser apropriadamente acessadas por um médico atualizado.b) Mas ele enfatiza que todas as doenças devem seradequadamente avaliadas por um médico em pessoa.c) Mas ele está estressado devido às condições mé dicas malavaliadas pelos médicos desatualizados.d) Mas ele afirma que o estresse está entre as doen çasinadequadamente avaliadas por médicos desa tualizados.e) Mas ele enfatiza que todos os médicos devem se atualizarsobre as doenças para posterior avaliação.

Módulo 17 - Text: Temper Tracking: Angry Outbursts May Take a Toll on the Lungs

(UNIFESP) – INSTRUÇÃO: As questões de números 1 a 5 referem-se ao texto seguinte.

Men who are chronically hostile and angry may face a future of sharply diminishing lung function, new research suggests. In

1986, scientists administered a questionnaire to 670 men ages 21 to 80 to assess their hostility. Each then received a pulmonary

exam within one year of completing the questionnaire. The men were tracked for an average of 8.2 years, with comprehensive

physical examinations every 3 to 5 years, including an average of three pulmonary function tests.

After controlling for age, weight, height, smoking status and other variables, the scientists found a consistent association between

high hostility and lower levels of lung function. Among more hostile men, pulmonary function was worse at every exam over a 10-

year period when compared with less hostile subjects. The study appears online in Thorax.

Since levels of lung function were in the normal range at the start of the study, the researchers say, the possibility that poor lung

function led to hostility rather than the other way around is unlikely. They acknowledge, however, that an unknown factor could cause

both hostility and poor lung function.

Still, Dr. Rosalind J. Wright, an assistant professor of medicine at Harvard and the senior author of the study, said there was no

doubt that emotions could cause physical changes, some of which could be detrimental. “When you experience physical symptoms

around negative emotions, your heart rate goes up, you start sweating, and so on,” Dr. Wright said. “Changes in bodily functions –

nervous system, immune function – need to occur for you to feel these things. It is possible that similar processes are going on more

locally, say in the lungs, which over many years may cause inflammation that affects lung function.”

By Nicholas Bakalar, September 19, 2006(www.nytimes.com/2006/09/19/health/19host.html)

1. The research suggests thata) 670 hostile men had a lower lung function.b) age, weight, height and smoking habits may have alteredthe research results.c) pulmonary function was affected after a 10 year period.d) women were not affected by hostility and anger.e) there is a relation between high hostility and lower levelsof lung function.

2. The studya) started in 1986 and lasted for about 8 years.b) discovered an unknown factor that could cause hostility.c) replaced some men every 3 to 5 years.

d) tracked 670 men with normal lung function at the start.e) conducted a pulmonary function test at the beginning andanother after 10 years.

3. No trecho do terceiro parágrafo – ...the possibility thatpoor lung function led to hostility rather than the other wayaround is unlikely. – a expressão rather than significa, emportuguês,a) pelo contrário. b) ao invés de.c) a menos que. d) mais que.e) devido a.


496 –

4. Em relação à conclusão da pesquisa, o trecho do terceiroparágrafo do texto – They acknowledge, however, that anunknown factor could cause both hostility and poor lungfunction. – apresentaa) uma ressalva. b) uma reformulação.c) uma avaliação. d) um pressuposto.e) uma certeza.

5. Dr. Rosalind Wright says thata) emotions cause detrimental physical changes.b) angry people sweat a lot.c) emotions might cause physical alterations.d) hostile men have an unbalanced nervous system.e) when heart rate goes up, the lungs are affected.

Módulo 18 - Grammar –Modals – Anomalous Verbs

1. Listen, if you really want to get over your sickness you

................. not sleep late.

a) better b) would better c) had rather

d) had better e) are better

2. At most public pools people ........................ take a shower

before entering the pool.

a) should to b) ought c) have to

d) will must e) has to

3. “May I speak to Mr. Johnson?” “Sorry, you .......................

the wrong number. There’s no one here by that name.”

a) ought to have dialed b) must have dialed

c) could have dialed d) should have dialed

e) had to have dialed

4. The film .......................... sad. Many people leaving the

theater seem to have been crying.

a) must be b) can be c) should be

d) ought to be e) have to be

5. There’s a law that says that you ........................ throw trash

on the streets.

a) don’t have to b) mustn’t c) don’t need to

d) shouldn’t to e) may not

6. Teenagers ........................ stay up late at night than go to

bed early.

a) must b) had better c) would rather

d) should e) are used to

7. His car has been towed away. He ........................ there.

a) may not have parked b) shouldn’t have parked

c) can not have parked d) doesn’t have to park

e) mustn’t have parked

8. “Do you play tennis very often?” “Not now, but I

........................“

a) used to b) am used to c) ought

d) use to e) would rather

9. I ........................ my new car now, but I found it very

strange at first.

a) used to drive b) am used to drive

c) ought to drive d) am used to driving

e) had better drive

10. You ........................ introduce me to your father. We’vealready met.a) don’t have to b) mustn’t c) shouldn’t tod) can’t e) may not

11. If you don’t want to put on weight, you ........................ eatlow-calorie food.a) would rather b) can’t c) had betterd) mustn’t e) would better

12. I left a piece of pie in the fridge, but now it’s gone.Someone ........................ it.a) must eat b) should have eatenc) must have eaten d) had to eate) may eat


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f c david

viso dela e

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textone morning david

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