Infringement of the nutritional status at endocrine metabolic Infringement of the nutritional status at endocrine metabolic diseases. Nutritional and metabolic correction of diseases. Nutritional and metabolic correction of

infringements of proteins,fats,carbohydrates,minerals infringements of proteins,fats,carbohydrates,minerals metabolism.metabolism.

Doc. Nykytyuk S.O.Doc. Nykytyuk S.O.

Crohn's disease treatment in children: Crohn's disease treatment in children: What role does diet play?What role does diet play?

Here are a few dietary Here are a few dietary considerations for children with considerations for children with

Crohn's:Crohn's: Salt.Salt. Limit salt intake if your child is taking corticosteroids. Limit salt intake if your child is taking corticosteroids. Salt increases fluid Salt increases fluid

retention. retention. Fiber.Fiber. During and right after a flare, your child's doctor may recommend a low- During and right after a flare, your child's doctor may recommend a low-

fiber diet. fiber diet. Avoid "chunky" high-fiber foods, such as popcorn. Avoid "chunky" high-fiber foods, such as popcorn. Dairy.Dairy. Some children who are lactose intolerant may have increased diarrhea and Some children who are lactose intolerant may have increased diarrhea and

abdominal cramps when they consume dairy products. In such cases, limit dairy abdominal cramps when they consume dairy products. In such cases, limit dairy products or use lactose-free dairy products. products or use lactose-free dairy products.

Dietary supplements.Dietary supplements. Children with Crohn's disease sometimes develop vitamin Children with Crohn's disease sometimes develop vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Talk to your child's doctor about whether nutritional and mineral deficiencies. Talk to your child's doctor about whether nutritional supplements are appropriate for your child. supplements are appropriate for your child.

Protein.Protein. Proteins are very important for growth. Some experts recommend that Proteins are very important for growth. Some experts recommend that children with Crohn's increase their protein intake by 150 percent of the children with Crohn's increase their protein intake by 150 percent of the Recommended Daily Allowance for their age. Recommended Daily Allowance for their age.

Fat.Fat. A low-fat diet is not generally recommended for children with Crohn's. A low-fat diet is not generally recommended for children with Crohn's.

What's Missing In Your Child's What's Missing In Your Child's ADD/ADHD Diet?ADD/ADHD Diet?

"What's for dinner, Mom?" For kids with "What's for dinner, Mom?" For kids with ADD/ADHD, the answer should be ADD/ADHD, the answer should be considered carefully. A select group of considered carefully. A select group of nutrients, when added to your child's diet, nutrients, when added to your child's diet, may have a positive effect on his or her may have a positive effect on his or her attention deficit symptoms.attention deficit symptoms.

Finding foods that support your child's growth Finding foods that support your child's growth and development, enable him to stay focused and development, enable him to stay focused in school, and tempt his appetite is challenging in school, and tempt his appetite is challenging enough for any parent. enough for any parent.

Keep blood sugar levels in check.Keep blood sugar levels in check.

Children who have ADD/ADHD need to nosh Children who have ADD/ADHD need to nosh on the right foods (complex carbohydrates and on the right foods (complex carbohydrates and protein) at the right times (every three to five protein) at the right times (every three to five hours). "Every meal should have some protein: hours). "Every meal should have some protein: fish, poultry, meat, eggs, beans, nuts, or dairy fish, poultry, meat, eggs, beans, nuts, or dairy (only if your child can tolerate it), " (only if your child can tolerate it), "

Keep blood sugar levels in check.Keep blood sugar levels in check. Children who have ADD/ADHD need to nosh Children who have ADD/ADHD need to nosh on the right foods (complex carbohydrates and on the right foods (complex carbohydrates and protein) at the right times (every three to five protein) at the right times (every three to five hours). "Every meal should have some protein: hours). "Every meal should have some protein: fish, poultry, meat, eggs, beans, nuts, or dairy fish, poultry, meat, eggs, beans, nuts, or dairy (only if your child can tolerate it), " (only if your child can tolerate it), "

Consider adding omega-3sConsider adding omega-3s

.. Several studies report that children with Several studies report that children with ADD/ADHD are deficient in essential fatty ADD/ADHD are deficient in essential fatty acids like omega-3s, found in oily fish such as acids like omega-3s, found in oily fish such as salmonsalmon

Sneak vital nutrients into their favorite Sneak vital nutrients into their favorite foodsfoods

Studies show that nutrients such as vitamin C Studies show that nutrients such as vitamin C (found in citrus fruits, broccoli, and bell (found in citrus fruits, broccoli, and bell peppers) and the B complex vitamins (found in peppers) and the B complex vitamins (found in whole grains, leafy greens, nuts, dairy whole grains, leafy greens, nuts, dairy products, and eggs) may also help ease products, and eggs) may also help ease symptoms of ADD/ADHD, thanks to their symptoms of ADD/ADHD, thanks to their soothing effects on the brainsoothing effects on the brain

Treatment Of Childhood Obesity: The Treatment Of Childhood Obesity: The Diet ComponentDiet Component

According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), there is a steady decline in the diet quality (USDA), there is a steady decline in the diet quality of children and adolescents as they get older.   of children and adolescents as they get older.   Obesity cannot be adequately treated without Obesity cannot be adequately treated without addressing physical activity, psychology/behavior, addressing physical activity, psychology/behavior, diet, genetic factors, and how they are all diet, genetic factors, and how they are all intertwined.  However, here we will explore just one intertwined.  However, here we will explore just one very important aspect of treatment: Diet.  very important aspect of treatment: Diet. 

Treating overweight children with diet is complex. Children Treating overweight children with diet is complex. Children should not be placed on severe calorie-restricted diets.  Unlike should not be placed on severe calorie-restricted diets.  Unlike adults, children are still growing; significant calorie restriction adults, children are still growing; significant calorie restriction can affect their ability to grow and develop properly.  can affect their ability to grow and develop properly.  However, that doesn’t mean that parents of overweight However, that doesn’t mean that parents of overweight children can’t positively impact their children’s weight by children can’t positively impact their children’s weight by improving the overall healthfulness of the foods that they and improving the overall healthfulness of the foods that they and their children are eating.  Making the following healthy their children are eating.  Making the following healthy choices will make everyone feel better, physically and choices will make everyone feel better, physically and mentally, and is likely to safely reduce the calorie content of mentally, and is likely to safely reduce the calorie content of the diet.the diet.

Changes in food preparationChanges in food preparation 1.    Low-fat substitutes in your child's diet1.    Low-fat substitutes in your child's diet Try some low-fat substitutes such as low-fat cheese, Try some low-fat substitutes such as low-fat cheese,

salad dressing and evaporated skim milk. Try low salad dressing and evaporated skim milk. Try low cholesterol egg products. Use two egg whites instead cholesterol egg products. Use two egg whites instead of one whole egg to significantly reduce the fat and of one whole egg to significantly reduce the fat and cholesterolcholesterol content of some baked goods. content of some baked goods.

2.   Use healthy oil/fats and remove any excess fat2.   Use healthy oil/fats and remove any excess fat When you use oil, select olive or canola oil. Drain off visible fat while cooking, and blot pan-fried foods When you use oil, select olive or canola oil. Drain off visible fat while cooking, and blot pan-fried foods

on paper towels to absorb extra grease.  Allow soups to chill before reheating and serving so that the fat on paper towels to absorb extra grease.  Allow soups to chill before reheating and serving so that the fat can be skimmed off the top.can be skimmed off the top.

3.   Avoid frying food as this adds calories3.   Avoid frying food as this adds calories Choose roasting, poaching or stir-frying as frequent cooking methods, and limit frying.  Microwave Choose roasting, poaching or stir-frying as frequent cooking methods, and limit frying.  Microwave

cooking is a healthful way to cook vegetables because the short cooking time reduces nutrient loss and cooking is a healthful way to cook vegetables because the short cooking time reduces nutrient loss and usually no added water or fat is needed.usually no added water or fat is needed.

4.   Use fat substitutes when baking4.   Use fat substitutes when baking Reduce the fat in home baked goods by substituting applesauce, pureed prunes, mashed bananas or yogurt Reduce the fat in home baked goods by substituting applesauce, pureed prunes, mashed bananas or yogurt

for up to half of the butter, oil or shortening.for up to half of the butter, oil or shortening. 5.   Try fruit desserts for less calories and fat5.   Try fruit desserts for less calories and fat Try more fruit desserts (fresh, stewed and cobblers) instead of cakes and cookies. Choose frozen yogurt, Try more fruit desserts (fresh, stewed and cobblers) instead of cakes and cookies. Choose frozen yogurt,

sherbet and sorbet instead of ice cream. Or skip dessert altogether and save it for special occasions.sherbet and sorbet instead of ice cream. Or skip dessert altogether and save it for special occasions. 6.   Include more vegetables in your child's diet6.   Include more vegetables in your child's diet Add vegetables to meals and snacks whenever possible.  Add shredded vegetables in casseroles, and add Add vegetables to meals and snacks whenever possible.  Add shredded vegetables in casseroles, and add

additional vegetables to soups and stews. Try vegetable salsas and fruit chutneys as accompaniments to additional vegetables to soups and stews. Try vegetable salsas and fruit chutneys as accompaniments to meat or poultry in place of heavy gravies or sauces.meat or poultry in place of heavy gravies or sauces.

7.   Use "non-stick" to reduce the fat eaten7.   Use "non-stick" to reduce the fat eaten Use non-stick cooking spray or non-stick pans for grilling or stir-frying.Use non-stick cooking spray or non-stick pans for grilling or stir-frying.

2.   Use healthy oil/fats and remove any excess fat2.   Use healthy oil/fats and remove any excess fat When you use oil, select olive or canola oil. Drain off visible fat while cooking, and blot pan-fried foods When you use oil, select olive or canola oil. Drain off visible fat while cooking, and blot pan-fried foods

on paper towels to absorb extra grease.  Allow soups to chill before reheating and serving so that the fat on paper towels to absorb extra grease.  Allow soups to chill before reheating and serving so that the fat can be skimmed off the top.can be skimmed off the top.

3.   Avoid frying food as this adds calories3.   Avoid frying food as this adds calories Choose roasting, poaching or stir-frying as frequent cooking methods, and limit frying.  Microwave Choose roasting, poaching or stir-frying as frequent cooking methods, and limit frying.  Microwave

cooking is a healthful way to cook vegetables because the short cooking time reduces nutrient loss and cooking is a healthful way to cook vegetables because the short cooking time reduces nutrient loss and usually no added water or fat is needed.usually no added water or fat is needed.

4.   Use fat substitutes when baking4.   Use fat substitutes when baking Reduce the fat in home baked goods by substituting applesauce, pureed prunes, mashed bananas or yogurt Reduce the fat in home baked goods by substituting applesauce, pureed prunes, mashed bananas or yogurt

for up to half of the butter, oil or shortening.for up to half of the butter, oil or shortening. 5.   Try fruit desserts for less calories and fat5.   Try fruit desserts for less calories and fat Try more fruit desserts (fresh, stewed and cobblers) instead of cakes and cookies. Choose frozen yogurt, Try more fruit desserts (fresh, stewed and cobblers) instead of cakes and cookies. Choose frozen yogurt,

sherbet and sorbet instead of ice cream. Or skip dessert altogether and save it for special occasions.sherbet and sorbet instead of ice cream. Or skip dessert altogether and save it for special occasions. 6.   Include more vegetables in your child's diet6.   Include more vegetables in your child's diet Add vegetables to meals and snacks whenever possible.  Add shredded vegetables in casseroles, and add Add vegetables to meals and snacks whenever possible.  Add shredded vegetables in casseroles, and add

additional vegetables to soups and stews. Try vegetable salsas and fruit chutneys as accompaniments to additional vegetables to soups and stews. Try vegetable salsas and fruit chutneys as accompaniments to meat or poultry in place of heavy gravies or sauces.meat or poultry in place of heavy gravies or sauces.

7.   Use "non-stick" to reduce the fat eaten7.   Use "non-stick" to reduce the fat eaten Use non-stick cooking spray or non-stick pans for grilling or stir-frying.Use non-stick cooking spray or non-stick pans for grilling or stir-frying.

2.   Use healthy oil/fats and remove any 2.   Use healthy oil/fats and remove any excess fatexcess fat

When you use oil, select olive or canola oil. When you use oil, select olive or canola oil. Drain off visible fat while cooking, and blot Drain off visible fat while cooking, and blot pan-fried foods on paper towels to absorb pan-fried foods on paper towels to absorb extra grease.  Allow soups to chill before extra grease.  Allow soups to chill before reheating and serving so that the fat can be reheating and serving so that the fat can be skimmed off the top.skimmed off the top.

3.   Avoid frying food as this adds calories3.   Avoid frying food as this adds calories Choose roasting, poaching or stir-frying as Choose roasting, poaching or stir-frying as

frequent cooking methods, and limit frying.  frequent cooking methods, and limit frying.  Microwave cooking is a healthful way to cook Microwave cooking is a healthful way to cook vegetables because the short cooking time vegetables because the short cooking time reduces nutrient loss and usually no added reduces nutrient loss and usually no added water or fat is needed.water or fat is needed.

4.   Use fat substitutes when baking4.   Use fat substitutes when baking Reduce the fat in home baked goods by Reduce the fat in home baked goods by

substituting applesauce, pureed prunes, substituting applesauce, pureed prunes, mashed bananas or yogurt for up to half of the mashed bananas or yogurt for up to half of the butter, oil or shortening.butter, oil or shortening.

5.   Try fruit desserts for less calories and fat5.   Try fruit desserts for less calories and fat Try more fruit desserts (fresh, stewed and cobblers) instead of cakes and Try more fruit desserts (fresh, stewed and cobblers) instead of cakes and

cookies. Choose frozen yogurt, sherbet and sorbet instead of ice cream. Or cookies. Choose frozen yogurt, sherbet and sorbet instead of ice cream. Or skip dessert altogether and save it for special occasions.skip dessert altogether and save it for special occasions.

6.   Include more vegetables in your child's diet6.   Include more vegetables in your child's diet Add vegetables to meals and snacks whenever possible.  Add shredded Add vegetables to meals and snacks whenever possible.  Add shredded

vegetables in casseroles, and add additional vegetables to soups and stews. vegetables in casseroles, and add additional vegetables to soups and stews. Try vegetable salsas and fruit chutneys as accompaniments to meat or Try vegetable salsas and fruit chutneys as accompaniments to meat or poultry in place of heavy gravies or sauces.poultry in place of heavy gravies or sauces.

7.   Use "non-stick" to reduce the fat eaten7.   Use "non-stick" to reduce the fat eaten Use non-stick cooking spray or non-stick pans for grilling or stir-frying.Use non-stick cooking spray or non-stick pans for grilling or stir-frying.

5.   Try fruit desserts for less calories and 5.   Try fruit desserts for less calories and fatfat

Try more fruit desserts (fresh, stewed and Try more fruit desserts (fresh, stewed and cobblers) instead of cakes and cookies. Choose cobblers) instead of cakes and cookies. Choose frozen yogurt, sherbet and sorbet instead of ice frozen yogurt, sherbet and sorbet instead of ice cream. Or skip dessert altogether and save it cream. Or skip dessert altogether and save it for special occasions.for special occasions.

6.   Include more vegetables in your child's diet6.   Include more vegetables in your child's diet Add vegetables to meals and snacks whenever Add vegetables to meals and snacks whenever

possible.  Add shredded vegetables in casseroles, and possible.  Add shredded vegetables in casseroles, and add additional vegetables to soups and stews. Try add additional vegetables to soups and stews. Try vegetable salsas and fruit chutneys as vegetable salsas and fruit chutneys as accompaniments to meat or poultry in place of heavy accompaniments to meat or poultry in place of heavy gravies or sauces.gravies or sauces.

7.   Use "non-stick" to reduce the fat eaten7.   Use "non-stick" to reduce the fat eaten Use non-stick cooking spray or non-stick pans for Use non-stick cooking spray or non-stick pans for

grilling or stir-frying.grilling or stir-frying.

6.   Include more vegetables in your child's 6.   Include more vegetables in your child's dietdiet

Add vegetables to meals and snacks whenever Add vegetables to meals and snacks whenever possible.  Add shredded vegetables in possible.  Add shredded vegetables in casseroles, and add additional vegetables to casseroles, and add additional vegetables to soups and stews. Try vegetable salsas and fruit soups and stews. Try vegetable salsas and fruit chutneys as accompaniments to meat or chutneys as accompaniments to meat or poultry in place of heavy gravies or sauces.poultry in place of heavy gravies or sauces.

7.   Use "non-stick" to reduce the fat eaten7.   Use "non-stick" to reduce the fat eaten Use non-stick cooking spray or non-stick pans Use non-stick cooking spray or non-stick pans

for grilling or stir-frying.for grilling or stir-frying.

Changes in food selectionChanges in food selection

When buying groceries, choose fruits and vegetables over When buying groceries, choose fruits and vegetables over convenience foods high in sugar and fat. convenience foods high in sugar and fat.

Limit drinks to water or milk.  Sweetened beverages, even Limit drinks to water or milk.  Sweetened beverages, even fruit juice, are high in calories and don’t necessarily provide fruit juice, are high in calories and don’t necessarily provide nutritional value. nutritional value.

Select colorful foods such as green and yellow vegetablesSelect colorful foods such as green and yellow vegetables, , fruits of various colors, and brown (whole grain) breads.  fruits of various colors, and brown (whole grain) breads.  Limit white carbohydratesLimit white carbohydrates (e.g. rice, pasta, white bread and (e.g. rice, pasta, white bread and sugar). sugar).

Limit the number of times you eat out, especially at fast food Limit the number of times you eat out, especially at fast food restaurants. Many of the menu options are high in fat and restaurants. Many of the menu options are high in fat and calories. calories.

Autism can be aided by a gluten-free, Autism can be aided by a gluten-free, casein-free diet. casein-free diet.

Many physicians are prescribing this new Many physicians are prescribing this new diet, as up to 8 in 10 autistic children may diet, as up to 8 in 10 autistic children may benefit greatly. benefit greatly.

Connection between gluten-free, Connection between gluten-free, casein-free diets and autism.casein-free diets and autism.

Briefly, gluten is a protein, and so is casein. Gluten is Briefly, gluten is a protein, and so is casein. Gluten is a protein fraction found in all wheat, rye, barley, and a protein fraction found in all wheat, rye, barley, and most oat products. Casein is a protein fraction found most oat products. Casein is a protein fraction found in all dairy products. To most Autistic children, in all dairy products. To most Autistic children, gluten and casein are the equivalent of poison. They gluten and casein are the equivalent of poison. They leak into the gut, undigested, and attach to the opiate leak into the gut, undigested, and attach to the opiate receptors of the autistic's brain. Essentially, many receptors of the autistic's brain. Essentially, many autistic children are "drugged" on wheat and milk autistic children are "drugged" on wheat and milk products, as if they were on a morphine drip.products, as if they were on a morphine drip.

Is your autistic child addicted to gluten Is your autistic child addicted to gluten and wheat? and wheat?

"But milk and wheat are the only two foods "But milk and wheat are the only two foods my child will eat. His diet is completely my child will eat. His diet is completely comprised of milk, cheese, cereal, pasta, and comprised of milk, cheese, cereal, pasta, and bread. If I take these away, I'm afraid he'll bread. If I take these away, I'm afraid he'll starve," were the comments issued by an starve," were the comments issued by an anonymous mother in an interview with Karyn anonymous mother in an interview with Karyn Seroussi of the Autism Network for Dietary Seroussi of the Autism Network for Dietary Intervention. Intervention.

Karyn responded, "There may be a good reason your Karyn responded, "There may be a good reason your child "self-limits" to these foods. Opiates, like opium, child "self-limits" to these foods. Opiates, like opium, are highly addictive. If this "opiate excess" are highly addictive. If this "opiate excess" explanation applies to your child, then he is actually explanation applies to your child, then he is actually addicted to those foods containing the offending addicted to those foods containing the offending proteins. Although it seems as if your child will proteins. Although it seems as if your child will starve if you take those foods away, many parents starve if you take those foods away, many parents report that after an initial "withdrawal" reaction, their report that after an initial "withdrawal" reaction, their children become more willing to eat other foods. children become more willing to eat other foods. After a few weeks, many children surprise their After a few weeks, many children surprise their parents by further broadening their diets. parents by further broadening their diets.

But what will my child do without But what will my child do without milk?milk?

Americans have been raised to believe that this milk is essential to good Americans have been raised to believe that this milk is essential to good health, largely due to the efforts of the American Dairy Association, and health, largely due to the efforts of the American Dairy Association, and many parents seem to believe that it is their duty to feed their children as many parents seem to believe that it is their duty to feed their children as much cow's milk as possible. However, lots of perfectly healthy children much cow's milk as possible. However, lots of perfectly healthy children do very well without it. Cow's milk has been called "the world's most do very well without it. Cow's milk has been called "the world's most overrated nutrient" and "fit only for baby cows." There is even evidence overrated nutrient" and "fit only for baby cows." There is even evidence that the cow hormone present in dairy actually blocks the absorption of that the cow hormone present in dairy actually blocks the absorption of calcium in humans. Be careful. Removing dairy means ALL milk, butter, calcium in humans. Be careful. Removing dairy means ALL milk, butter, cheese, cream cheese, sour cream, etc. It also includes product ingredients cheese, cream cheese, sour cream, etc. It also includes product ingredients such as "casein" and "whey," or even words containing the word "casein." such as "casein" and "whey," or even words containing the word "casein." Read labels - items like bread and tuna fish often contain milk products. Read labels - items like bread and tuna fish often contain milk products. Even soy cheese usually contains caseinate. Even soy cheese usually contains caseinate.

How can I possibly elimate the thousands of products that contain gluten?How can I possibly elimate the thousands of products that contain gluten?

Many might be willing to try removing dairy products from Many might be willing to try removing dairy products from their child's diet, but don't think they could handle removing their child's diet, but don't think they could handle removing gluten. It seems like a lot of work, and they're so busy already. gluten. It seems like a lot of work, and they're so busy already. Many people wonder if this is really necessary. However, what Many people wonder if this is really necessary. However, what you need to understand is that for certain children, these foods you need to understand is that for certain children, these foods are toxic to their brains. For some, removing gluten may be far are toxic to their brains. For some, removing gluten may be far more important than removing dairy products. You would more important than removing dairy products. You would never knowingly feed your child poison, but if he fits into this never knowingly feed your child poison, but if he fits into this category, that is exactly what you could be doing. It is possible category, that is exactly what you could be doing. It is possible that for this subgroup of people with autism, eating these that for this subgroup of people with autism, eating these foods is actually damaging the developing brain. foods is actually damaging the developing brain.

The gluten-free, casein-free diet is challenging, but it can The gluten-free, casein-free diet is challenging, but it can make a tremendous difference. We often receive phone calls make a tremendous difference. We often receive phone calls where parents break down in tears as they recount the where parents break down in tears as they recount the improvements seen in their child. It is not at all uncommong to improvements seen in their child. It is not at all uncommong to hear reports that an autistic child made eye contact with their hear reports that an autistic child made eye contact with their parent for the first time, or that he/she was able to attend a parent for the first time, or that he/she was able to attend a "normal" school for the first time. One parent struggled to tell "normal" school for the first time. One parent struggled to tell us that her 4 year old used to stand in a corner and beat his us that her 4 year old used to stand in a corner and beat his head against a wall, but within 4 weeks of the diet, he was able head against a wall, but within 4 weeks of the diet, he was able to play outside with other children. to play outside with other children.

Gluten-free, Casein-Free Foods By Mail. Gluten-free, Casein-Free Foods By Mail.

The The encouraging newsencouraging news is that Gluten Solutions stocks the is that Gluten Solutions stocks the premier brands of gluten-free, casein-free foods from several premier brands of gluten-free, casein-free foods from several top manufacturers. We focus on stocking the very best-tasting top manufacturers. We focus on stocking the very best-tasting and hard to find gluten-free, casein-free products, and offer a and hard to find gluten-free, casein-free products, and offer a highly convenient way to shop. We stock only 100% gluten-highly convenient way to shop. We stock only 100% gluten-free foods, including breads, baking mixes, cookies, crackers, free foods, including breads, baking mixes, cookies, crackers, snacks, pastas, and more. Most of our items are kid-friendly, snacks, pastas, and more. Most of our items are kid-friendly, and we add about 25 new products each month. More than and we add about 25 new products each month. More than ever, we are on the lookout for new GFCF foods that are ever, we are on the lookout for new GFCF foods that are palatable and healthy for children.palatable and healthy for children.

GLUTEN SOLUTIONS -- GLUTEN FREE, GLUTEN SOLUTIONS -- GLUTEN FREE, CASEIN FREE GROCERIES AT YOUR CASEIN FREE GROCERIES AT YOUR DOORSTEPDOORSTEP

Phenylketonuria diet treatmentPhenylketonuria diet treatment

Phenylketonuria was discovered in 1934, when a Norwegian Phenylketonuria was discovered in 1934, when a Norwegian mother brought her son and daughter, both of whom had mother brought her son and daughter, both of whom had mental retardation, to Professor Asbjorn Folling at the mental retardation, to Professor Asbjorn Folling at the University of Oslo School of Medicine for a consultation University of Oslo School of Medicine for a consultation (Guttler, 1984 ). In 1947, Jervis showed that the administration (Guttler, 1984 ). In 1947, Jervis showed that the administration of phenylalanine to normal human patients without PKU led to of phenylalanine to normal human patients without PKU led to a prompt rise in blood tyrosine, whereas no increase in blood a prompt rise in blood tyrosine, whereas no increase in blood tyrosine could be detected in patients with PKU, indicating tyrosine could be detected in patients with PKU, indicating both the normal pathway of phenylalanine metabolism and the both the normal pathway of phenylalanine metabolism and the metabolic error in PKU.metabolic error in PKU.

The red blood cells of a person suffering from anemia (right) The red blood cells of a person suffering from anemia (right) are a very light pink when stained, and they are often less are a very light pink when stained, and they are often less round and full when viewed under a microscope. The round, round and full when viewed under a microscope. The round, plump bodies of normal red blood cells (left), when stained, plump bodies of normal red blood cells (left), when stained, are a bright pinkish-red. Hemoglobin is the substance that are a bright pinkish-red. Hemoglobin is the substance that gives normal cells their bright color.gives normal cells their bright color.

Tags: Tags: a plastic anemiaa plastic anemia, , anemiaanemia, , anemia cureanemia cure, , anemia dietanemia diet, , anemia in childrenanemia in children, , anemia in dogsanemia in dogs, , anemia testanemia test, , bloodblood, cells, , cells, chronic anemia, hemo, hermoglobin, mediterranean anemia, chronic anemia, hemo, hermoglobin, mediterranean anemia, pump, red, treating anemia, vitamin b12 deficiency anemiapump, red, treating anemia, vitamin b12 deficiency anemia

Nutritional treatment in children with Nutritional treatment in children with diarrheadiarrhea

Diarrhea is increase in the number of stools Diarrhea is increase in the number of stools and/or a decrease in their consistency as a and/or a decrease in their consistency as a result of malabsorption or alterations of water result of malabsorption or alterations of water and electrolyte transport by the alimentary and electrolyte transport by the alimentary tract.tract.

The basic components of ORSThe basic components of ORS In the World Health Organization formula the In the World Health Organization formula the

glucose concentration is 2 %. glucose concentration is 2 %. This is sufficient to prevent hypoglycemia and the This is sufficient to prevent hypoglycemia and the

induction of an osmotic diarrhea secondary to the induction of an osmotic diarrhea secondary to the osmotic load.osmotic load.

Optimal glucose concentration must be adequate to Optimal glucose concentration must be adequate to caloric needs as well as to glucose function as a caloric needs as well as to glucose function as a sodium absorption facilitator. It is, therefore, sodium absorption facilitator. It is, therefore, recommended to keep equimolar ratios of sodium and recommended to keep equimolar ratios of sodium and glucose.glucose.

Nutritional treatment in children with Nutritional treatment in children with malnutritionmalnutrition

The World Health Organization defines The World Health Organization defines malnutrition as "the cellular imbalance malnutrition as "the cellular imbalance between supply of nutrients and energy and between supply of nutrients and energy and the body's demand for them to ensure growth, the body's demand for them to ensure growth, maintenance, and specific functions." maintenance, and specific functions."

The principle of dietary trearment is The principle of dietary trearment is adequate amount of protein and adequate amount of protein and

calories.calories. Caloric requirement 120-140 Cal/kg/dayCaloric requirement 120-140 Cal/kg/day Protein requirement 3-5 g/kg/dayProtein requirement 3-5 g/kg/day Elemental iron 6 mg/kg/dayElemental iron 6 mg/kg/day Vit. A 300,000 IU initially, then 1500 IU dailyVit. A 300,000 IU initially, then 1500 IU daily Vit. D 4000 IU dailyVit. D 4000 IU daily Vit. K 5 mg I/M or I/V once onlyVit. K 5 mg I/M or I/V once only

To overfight To overfight food intolerance:food intolerance:

Administer “younger” food: breast milk or Administer “younger” food: breast milk or cow milk-based formula are used.cow milk-based formula are used.

Two-phase initiation:Two-phase initiation: Finding-out the level of food tolerance;Finding-out the level of food tolerance; Gradually increasing of food quantity.Gradually increasing of food quantity.

I grade PEM (hypotrophy)I grade PEM (hypotrophy) I phase: I phase: 1st day – ⅔ of daily food volume;1st day – ⅔ of daily food volume; 2nd day – 4/5 of daily food volume;2nd day – 4/5 of daily food volume; 3rd day – full daily volume.3rd day – full daily volume. The rest of daily food volume is compensated by The rest of daily food volume is compensated by

giving fluids (fruit and vegetable decoctions, rice-giving fluids (fruit and vegetable decoctions, rice-water, herbal teas)water, herbal teas)

II phase: the child is giving age-adequate food.II phase: the child is giving age-adequate food.

II grade PEM (hypotrophy)II grade PEM (hypotrophy) I phase: I phase: 1st week – ½ of daily food volume; proteins and 1st week – ½ of daily food volume; proteins and

carbohydrates are counted on weight = factual + 20 % carbohydrates are counted on weight = factual + 20 % of factual, fats – on factual weight.of factual, fats – on factual weight.

2nd week – ⅔ of daily food volume;2nd week – ⅔ of daily food volume; 3rd week – full daily volume.3rd week – full daily volume. The rest of daily food volume is compensated by The rest of daily food volume is compensated by

giving fluids (fruit and vegetable decoctions, rice-giving fluids (fruit and vegetable decoctions, rice-water, herbal teas) water, herbal teas)

III grade PEM (hypotrophy)III grade PEM (hypotrophy)

I phase: I phase: 1st week – ⅓ of daily food volume. Initially small (10-20 ml) frequent 1st week – ⅓ of daily food volume. Initially small (10-20 ml) frequent

(every 2 hours) feeds are given. Tube feeding is required in severe cases or (every 2 hours) feeds are given. Tube feeding is required in severe cases or partial parenteral feeding.partial parenteral feeding.

2nd week – ½ of daily food volume; 2nd week – ½ of daily food volume; 3rd week – ⅔ of daily food volume;3rd week – ⅔ of daily food volume; 4th week – full daily volume.4th week – full daily volume. The rest of daily food volume is compensated by giving fluids (fruit and The rest of daily food volume is compensated by giving fluids (fruit and

vegetable decoctions, rice-water, herbal teas, electrolyte solutions)vegetable decoctions, rice-water, herbal teas, electrolyte solutions) RehabilitationRehabilitation Caloric requirement of infants:Caloric requirement of infants: 1-3 months125-120 kCal/kg/day4-6 months120-115 kCal/kg/day7-9 1-3 months125-120 kCal/kg/day4-6 months120-115 kCal/kg/day7-9

months115-110 kCal/kg/day10-12 months110-100 kCal/kg/daymonths115-110 kCal/kg/day10-12 months110-100 kCal/kg/day

: : Diet And Nutrition Of A Diet And Nutrition Of A Nursing Woman. Possible Nursing Woman. Possible

ProblemsProblems

Here's how to tell if something you are eating is upsetting your baby:Here's how to tell if something you are eating is upsetting your baby:It takes about two to six hours for your body to digest and absorb the food It takes about two to six hours for your body to digest and absorb the food you eat and pass it into your breast milk. you eat and pass it into your breast milk.

If you eat dinner at 5:00 P.M., and your baby shows the symptoms listed If you eat dinner at 5:00 P.M., and your baby shows the symptoms listed above around 9:00 P.M., think about what you ate for dinner. To be sure if above around 9:00 P.M., think about what you ate for dinner. To be sure if those foods are causing the problem, you will have to eat them again and those foods are causing the problem, you will have to eat them again and see if your baby has the same reaction.see if your baby has the same reaction.

If your baby seems very fussy, try keeping a record of what you eat and If your baby seems very fussy, try keeping a record of what you eat and drink.drink.

Bring the record to your baby's doctor to talk about a possible link between Bring the record to your baby's doctor to talk about a possible link between certain foods and your baby's symptoms.certain foods and your baby's symptoms.

If you think a particular food is causing a problem, stop eating it for a If you think a particular food is causing a problem, stop eating it for a while and see if your baby reacts better. You can always try later to while and see if your baby reacts better. You can always try later to introduce that food again into your diet in small amounts. If your baby introduce that food again into your diet in small amounts. If your baby doesn't seem to react to it anymore, you could add more the next time.doesn't seem to react to it anymore, you could add more the next time.

Sometimes a baby can be born with a condition called Sometimes a baby can be born with a condition called primary lactase deficiencyprimary lactase deficiency or with or with galactosemiagalactosemia, in , in which he or she can't tolerate breast milk. This which he or she can't tolerate breast milk. This happens when the body can't break down happens when the body can't break down lactoselactose, a , a sugar found in the milk of humans and animals. sugar found in the milk of humans and animals. Symptoms include diarrhea and vomiting. Babies Symptoms include diarrhea and vomiting. Babies with severe galactosemia may have liver problems, with severe galactosemia may have liver problems, malnutrition, or mental retardation. Babies with these malnutrition, or mental retardation. Babies with these conditions must be fed formula that comes from conditions must be fed formula that comes from plants, such as soy milk or a special galactose-free plants, such as soy milk or a special galactose-free formula. formula.

AllergiesAllergies Research shows that a mother's milk is affected only slightly Research shows that a mother's milk is affected only slightly

by the food in her diet. But sometimes a baby may have a by the food in her diet. But sometimes a baby may have a reaction to something you eat (like spicy foods, foods that can reaction to something you eat (like spicy foods, foods that can cause gas, or dairy products). Symptoms in your baby of an cause gas, or dairy products). Symptoms in your baby of an allergyallergy to something in your diet include to something in your diet include diarrheadiarrhea, rash, , rash, fussiness, gas, dry skin, green stools with mucus, or the baby fussiness, gas, dry skin, green stools with mucus, or the baby pulling up his/her knees and screaming. This doesn't mean the pulling up his/her knees and screaming. This doesn't mean the baby is allergic to your milk. If you stop eating whatever is baby is allergic to your milk. If you stop eating whatever is bothering your baby, the problem usually goes away on its bothering your baby, the problem usually goes away on its own. own.

CELIAC DISEASECELIAC DISEASE A malabsorptive disorder characterized by a A malabsorptive disorder characterized by a

permanent gluten-sensitive enteropathy permanent gluten-sensitive enteropathy resulting in malabsorption, failure to thrive, resulting in malabsorption, failure to thrive, and gastrointestinal manifestations. and gastrointestinal manifestations.

Etiology isEtiology is a deficiency of the enzyme a deficiency of the enzyme gliadinamynopeptidas resulting in gliadinamynopeptidas resulting in malapsorption of cereal proteins (gliadine and malapsorption of cereal proteins (gliadine and avenine).avenine).

Clinical features Clinical features develop after initiation ofdevelop after initiation of protein-containing feeding (cereals, bread), in protein-containing feeding (cereals, bread), in about 5-6 month of life. Main manifestations about 5-6 month of life. Main manifestations of celiac disease are steatorrhea (excessively of celiac disease are steatorrhea (excessively large, pale, oily stools), exceedingly foul-large, pale, oily stools), exceedingly foul-smelling stools, diarrhea and vomiting, signs smelling stools, diarrhea and vomiting, signs of malnutrition.of malnutrition.

Prevention:Prevention: Gluten-free diet tailored to child’s appetite and Gluten-free diet tailored to child’s appetite and

capacity to absorb is necessary. capacity to absorb is necessary. Avoid wheat, barley, rye, and oats, processed Avoid wheat, barley, rye, and oats, processed

foods (wheat flour). foods (wheat flour). Prefer rice, soya, corn flours, and unprocessed Prefer rice, soya, corn flours, and unprocessed

foods. foods. Administer supplemental water-miscible Administer supplemental water-miscible

vitamins and minerals.vitamins and minerals.

HYPO- AND ALACTASIAHYPO- AND ALACTASIA Etiology Etiology is a deficiency of the enzyme lactase. is a deficiency of the enzyme lactase. Clinical featuresClinical features: develop from the first days : develop from the first days

of lifeof life – – regurgitationregurgitation, , vomiting, diarrhea, loss vomiting, diarrhea, loss of weight, dyspepsia, distension of the of weight, dyspepsia, distension of the abdomen, increased peristalsis.abdomen, increased peristalsis.

Diagnosis: Diagnosis: taking lactose per os leads to taking lactose per os leads to absence of increasing level of glucose in the absence of increasing level of glucose in the blood.blood.

Prevention andPrevention and TherapyTherapy: may be prescribed : may be prescribed nutrition without lactose (Prosobee, Prosoal), nutrition without lactose (Prosobee, Prosoal), massage, vitamins, and ferments.massage, vitamins, and ferments.

GALACTOSEMIAGALACTOSEMIA Galactosemia is one of the commonly Galactosemia is one of the commonly

occurring disorders of carbohydrate occurring disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. metabolism.

Clinical featuresClinical features vomiting, lethargy, diarrhea, cataracts, vomiting, lethargy, diarrhea, cataracts,

developmental delay and mental retardation, developmental delay and mental retardation, liver and kidney diseases,sepsis.liver and kidney diseases,sepsis.