INFORMATION SYSTEMS• INFORMATION SYSTEM RELATED RISK

• THE CHIEF INFORMATION OFFICER (CIO)

• ADVANCES IN PARALLEL COMPUTING

• SYSTEM SOFTWARE AND APPLICATION SOFTWARE

• DATA MINING

• TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING

• CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (CMS)

• E-COMMERCE WEB SITES

• SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF AMAZON.COM INC.

• GENERATING IS SOLUTION

• EXPERT SYSTEMS IN TAXATION FIELD

INFORMATION SYSTEM RELATED RISK

• Insufficient IT expertise.• High complexity.• Isolation of IT in Development phase.• loss of privacy an organization might encounter.

The outsourcing firm gains access to all of the information that passes through the organization's computer system. This information includes financial data, which if released, could place the organization in a vulnerable position.

• When an organization outsources its IT functions to a third party, it loses its confidentiality.

THE CHIEF INFORMATION OFFICER (CIO)

The CIO is a job title in the area of information technology in businesses, firms, enterprises. This is a job title for the head information technology within an organization. The CIO is the senior executive responsible for information and communication in an organization. They head the organization’s knowledge resources. • He is to help the business achieve its goal• He is supposed to bridge the gap between IT and the business through

communication• Develop and innovates the IT department of the organization• He hires and recruits personnel who work hand in hand to achieve the goal

of the organization• He must encourages innovation to help the organization visualize their

potential

ADVANCES IN PARALLEL COMPUTING

• The simultaneous use of more than one processor or computer to solve a problem is known as parallel computing. Many applications today require more computing power than a traditional sequential computer can offer.

• Parallel computing has advanced to the extent that multi-core CPUs and GPUs now standard fare on desktops and in servers. Also another sign of this advancement is the advent of Google-style multi-node computing and storage on Isilon's latest rev of its OS, OneFS6.5, which it is targeting at the business analytics market. Parallelism has taken up the slack, enabling scalable cloud-based computing using a combination of general-purpose and specialized cores.

SYSTEM SOFTWARE AND APPLICATION SOFTWARE

System software is a set of programs that coordinates the activities and functions of hardware and other programs.1) operating system (windows, Linux and Mac), 2) utility programs (antivirus and antispyware), and 3) mild wareApplication software is a type of computer software consisting of programs that employs the capabilities of a computer directly to a task that the user wishes to perform. Examples are:1) Microsoft Word (Word Processing)2) Microsoft Excel (Spreadsheet software)3) MySQL (Database Software)4) Microsoft PowerPoint (Presentation Software)

DATA MINING

• Data mining is the computational process of discovering patterns in large data set involving methods at the intersection of artificial intelligence, machine learning, statistics, and database systems.

• The overall goal of the data mining process is to extract information from a data set and transform it into an understandable structure for further use.

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING

• Videoconferencing is the conduct of a videoconference (also known as a video conference or video teleconference) which allow two or more locations to communicate by simultaneous two-way video and audio transmissions.

• With the introduction of relatively low cost, high capacity broadband telecommunication services in the late 1990s, coupled with powerful computing processors and video compression techniques, videoconferencing has made significant inroads in business, education, medicine and media.

• Videoconferencing can be used by administrators and other staff to conduct meetings, professional development, and interviews. Videoconference technology also allows for sessions to be recorded for future use.

CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (CMS)Content management system, or CMS, is a web application designed to make it easy for non-technical users to add, edit and manage a website . A content management system can also be said to be a set of automated processes that may support the following features:

• Import and creation of documents and multimedia material.

• Identification of all key users and their roles.

• The ability to assign roles and responsibilities to different instances of content categories or types.

• Definition of workflow tasks often coupled with messaging so that content managers are alerted to changes in content.

• The ability to track and manage multiple versions of a single instance of content.

• The ability to publish the content to a repository to support access to the content.

E-COMMERCE WEB SITES

Amazon and Ebay web sites.

• Both eBay and Amazon e-commerce web site helps transact business on line without the need of going directly to the market place to buy. They both operate on what is called the online market. This market creates the platform for other manufacturers to sell their good across bored, that is to say, expand their market o throughout the whole world. Over the past years both sites have engaged in several activities that have led to their success. Some of these elements are as follows based on the various e-business web sites.

SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF AMAZON.COM INC.

GENERATING IS SOLUTION

Decision Making as a Component of Problem Solving

• Decision-making phase:I) Intelligence stage:

• Identify and define potential problems or opportunities

II) Design stage:• Develop alternative solutions to the problem and evaluate their feasibility

III) Choice stage:• Select a course of action

EXPERT SYSTEMS IN TAXATION FIELD

• Expert systems are software programs that store knowledge extracted from human experts and appear to mimic human experts in a particular field or domain such as tax or auditing. There have been applications of expert systems in accounting in the areas of auditing, financial accounting, personal financial planning, and management accounting. The expect domain, Rudimentary Legal Reasoning, is handled by the software, TAXMAN (eg. LexwareTAXMAN 2013 Download version, picture is below).

SUMMARY

• The value of information is directly linked to how it helps decision makers achieve the organization’s goals.

• Computers and information systems help make it possible for organizations to improve the way they conduct business.

• Knowing the potential impact of information systems and having the ability to put this knowledge to work can result in a successful personal career and in organizations that reach their goals.

• Information systems must be applied thoughtfully and carefully so that society, businesses, and industries can reap their enormous benefits.