influenza activity and virus characterizations (northern hemisphere) 5thmeeting of nics in the wpr...
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Influenza Activity and Virus Characterizations (Northern Hemisphere)
5thMeeting of NICs in the WPR and SEAR 7-10 June, 2011 Laos
Takato Odagiri
WHO Collaborating Center for References and Research on Influenza,
National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
Influenza subtypes 2010- 2011: Northern Hemisphere (as of May 23,2011)
B
H1N1pdm09
H3N2
WHO, FluNet
B
A(H1N1)pdm09
Former seasonal A(H1N1) 6 viruses (China, Malaysia, Russia, Tunisia, USA)A(H3)
A (not subtyped)
A(H5N1), 14 viruses- Cambodia (1) : CL 1 - Hong Kong (1) : CL2.3.2- Egypt (10) : CL 2.2.1 - Indonesia (2) : CL 2.1.2
Percentage of influenza viruses by subtypes(From 29 August 2010 – 29 January 2011)
31%
27%21%
21%
WHO, FluNet
54% 32% 14%
98% 2%
0%
Antigenic and genetic characterizations
A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses
Antigenic analysis of A (H1N1)pdm09 viruses by HI testsMar –Aug, 2010
JPN, China, Taiwan,Korea, Mongol, Laos,
Myanmar, Singapore
N+C America,EU, Asia, Africa, AU, NZ
NIID CDC
=4-fold low >8-fold low2% 1%
Sept, 2010 –Feb, 2011
A/Cal-likeA/Cal-like
=4-fold low 1%
99%
A/Cal-like
94%
=4-fold low 6%
A/Cal-like
89%
=4-fold low
9%
>8-fold low2%
95%
A/Cal-like
83%
>8-fold low
2%
A/Cal-like99%
NIMR
EU, Africa
>8-fold low1%
A/Cal-like
100%
C-CDC
China
>8-fold low2%
A/Cal-like
98%
Antigenic cartography of A(H1N1)pdm09 isolates
(Cambridge University)
Antigenic cartography of A(H1N1)pdm09 isolates
(Cambridge University)
Vast majority of A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses remained antigenically homologous to the A/California/07/2009 vaccine virus.
A/California/07/2009
Amino acid substitutions in H1N1pdm-HA protein that result in antigenic change from
A/Cal/7/2009
Position 155G to E
Position 156N to D
Position 157S to L
Colin, Derek et al, Cambridge U.
外
2010/11 Early phase(2010. Sept to 2011. Jan)
2009/10 late phase(2010, April to July)
Majority clade
Vaccine strain
Vaccine strain
3
12
526712321
1
1
25
1111
612
21
1
275Y 1.9% (53/2761)275H/Y 0.3% (8/2761)
China -CDCNIID
Detection of Antiviral resistant H1N1pdm09 viruses with 275Y substitution
May 2009-April 2010 May 2010-April 2011
Source Total Tested
Number H275Y Genotyped
Number Phenotyped
Number Resistant Percentage Total Tested
Number H275Y Genotyped
Number Phenotyped
Number Resistant Percentage
Community 1098 882 216 0 0.0 682 625 57 7 1.0Hospital 4489 3855 634 45 1.0 2818 2738 80 49 1.7Total 5587 4737 850 45 0.8 3500 3363 137 56 1.6
US-CDC
NIMR
Detection of Antiviral resistant H1N1pdm09 viruses with 275Y substitution
A(H3N2) viruses
Antigenic and genetic characterizations
Antigenic analysis of A (H3N2) viruses by HI tests
Sept, 2010 –Feb, 2011
NIID CDC
Mar –Aug, 2010
JPN, China, Taiwan,Korea, Mongol, Laos,
Myanmar, Singapore
N+C America,EU, Asia, Africa, AU, NZ
>8-fold low
A/Perth/16-likeA/Perth/16-like
A/Perth/16-like A/Perth/16-like
83%
17%=4-fold low
=4-fold low
53% 42%
5%
>8-fold low
=4-fold low
81% 72%
27%
1%
=4-fold low19%
NIMR
EU, Africa
C-CDC
China
A/Perth/16-like91%
>8-fold low
9%
Low HA viruses
>8-fold low
5%
A/Perth/16-like95%
A/Perth/16-like71%
>8-fold low
29%
2009/10 Late phase (2010, April to July)
2010/11 Early phase(2010. Sept to 2011.
Jan)
Majority clade
JPN virusesVaccine
strain
Vaccine strain
Summary of A(H3N2) cartography(Cambridge University)
A/Brisbane/10/07
A/Perth/16/09
2008/09 season 2009/10 season
A/Brisbane/10/07
A/Victoria/208/09
A/Perth/16/09
A/Brisbane/10/07
A/Perth/16/09
CDC data
NIID data
A/Brisbane/10/07
A/Vic/208/09 cluster
2010/11 season
A/Vic/208/09 cluster
B viruses
Antigenic and genetic characterizations
96%
4%
80%
20%
78%
22%
86%
14%
91%
9%
ChinaN+C America,EU, Asia, Africa, AU, NZ
EU, Africa, ME Asia, HK
AU, NZ, Pacific, SE Asia, E Asia
NIID China CDC CDC NIMR Melbourne
Proportion of B/Vic- and B/Yama-lineage viruses in the world
B/Yama
B/Vic
JapanMar -Aug 2010
B/Yama
B/Vic
2%
98%
B/VicB/Yama
B/Vic B/Vic B/Vic B/Vic
B/Yama B/Yama B/Yama B/Yama
B/Yama B/Yama
B/Vic B/Vic B/Vic65%
35%
84%
16%
83%
17%
100%
Sept, 2010 –Feb, 2011
Antigenic analysis of B/Vic-lineage viruses by HI tests
4-low
>8-low
1%
Bris/60-like99%
49%40%
11%
NIID CDC
Mar -Aug 2010
Bris/60-like
>8-low
Sept, 2010 –Feb, 2011
Bris/60-like Bris/60-like
4-low>8-low
86%
5% 9%
58%
40%
4-low
>8-low2%
Bris/60-like
98%
>8-low2%
39%Bris/60-like
61%
>8-low
NIMR
Bris/60-like99%
>8-low
1%
Bris/60-like85%
15%
>8-low
China CDC
Vaccine strain
2009/10 Late phase(2010, April to July)
2010/11 Early phase(2010. Sept to 2011.
Jan)
B/Vic-lineage viruses
Antigenic cartography of the antigenic variant against B/Brisbane60/2008 with K165N
substitution
HI data from NIID
197N
B/Brisbane/60 MDCKx/1 B/Brisbane/60 E4/E4B/Brisbane/60 MDCKx/1 B/Brisbane/60 E4/E4
Receptor-binding site
197S
N-linked glycan
Lack of potential glycosylation site was observed in egg-grown virus
Variants with 165N in B/Bris/60 clade
Antigenic cartography of B/Yamagata viruses (Cambridge University)
Vaccine viruses recommended by WHO
2011/12 (Northern Hem) season:
an A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)-like virus an A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2)-like virusa B/Brisbane/60/2008-like virus
No change from last season
Increase of Low HA A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses in Japan
Low HA A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses increased from Jan 2011
HA titration of recent A/H1N1pdm09 viruses using various RBCs
Strains Subtype Sample datePassagehistory
HA titreTCID50/mL TCID50/HA
0.5%TRBC 1%GRBC
Reference
A/Wisconsin/10/1998 A/H1N1 1998 C3/C3E2 +2 64 32 ND ND
A/California/07/2009 A/H1pdm 2009/04/09 E2 +3 32+/- 32+/- ND ND
A/NARITA/1/2009 A/H1pdm 2009/05/08 E2 +1 32 4+/- ND ND
A/NARITA/1/2009 A/H1pdm 2009/05/08 MDCK 1 +2 16+/- 32+/- ND ND
A/Utah/20/2009 A/H1pdm 2009/07/25 C 2 +1 64 64+/- ND ND
A/YAMAGATA/752/2009 A/H1pdm 2009/12/03 MDCK 2 +1 64 8 ND ND
High HA A/FUKUSHIMA/112/2010 A/H1pdm 2010/08/10 MDCK 2 +1 64 64+/- 7.7 7.8×105
A/CHIBA/17/2010 A/H1pdm 2010/08/10 MDCK 1 +1 256 128+/- 7.7 2.0×105
Low HA
A/NIIGATA/62/2011 A/H1pdm 2011/01/18 MDCK 1 +2 2 2+/- 5.7 2.5×105
A/GIFU-C/14/2011 A/H1pdm 2011/01/24 MDCK 1 +2 4 2+/- 6.5 7.9×105
A/HOKKAIDO/12/2011 A/H1pdm 2011/01/17 MDCK 2 +2 4 2 6.3 5.0×105
A/SAPPORO/19/2011 A/H1pdm 2011/01/14 MDCK 1 +2 4 2 5.5 7.9×104
A/SAKAI/6/2011 A/H1pdm 2011/01/07 MDCK 1 +2 2 2+/- 4.7 2.5×104
A/SHIGA/30/2011 A/H1pdm 2011/01/21 MDCK 1 +2 4 2+/- 6.3 5.0×105
A/KITAKYUSYU/1/2011 A/H1pdm 2011/01/04 MDCK 1 +2 4 2+/- ND ND
A/HIROSHIMA/24/2011 A/H1pdm 2011/01/14 MDCK 3 +2 4 4+/- ND ND
A/NIIGATA/53/2011 A/H1pdm 2011/01/17 MDCK 1 +2 4 4+/- ND ND
A/SAKAI/2/2011 A/H1pdm 2011/01/04 MDCK 1 +2 4 2 ND ND
A/SHIGA/32/2011 A/H1pdm 2011/01/06 MDCK 1 +2 4 2 ND ND
A/SHIGA/43/2011 A/H1pdm 2011/01/08 MDCK 1 +2 4 2 ND ND
A/KAGAWA/1/2011 A/H1pdm 2011/01/31 MDCK 0 +1 4 2+/- ND ND
December 2010 in BlueJanuary 2011 in GreenFebruary 2011 in OrangeMarch 2011 in Pink#: Fatal case@: Oseltamivir resistanceLow: Low HA
OITA/77/2011 FEB Low @ OITA/72/2011 FEB G155E/G @ HOKKAIDO/32/2011 JAN Low
HIROSHIMA/45/2011-OR FEB @ KUMAMOTO-C/7/2011 JAN
EHIME/4/2011 JAN Korea/664/2010.CDC DEC
GIFU-C/31/2011 FEB Low FUKUOKA-C/37/2010 NOV HIROSHIMA/55/2011 FEB Low @ IWATE/1008/2011-OR JAN Low @ SAGAMIHARA/5/2011 JAN Low KAGAWA/1/2011 JAN Low @
SHIZUOKA/37/2011 FEB Low @ Gyeongnam/3110/2010 DEC G155G/E
SHIMANE/140/2011 FEB Low NewHampshire/03/2011.CDC FEB SHIGA/43/2011 JAN Low
FUKUOKA-C/39/2010 DEC California/23/2010.CDC OCT
Connecticut/04/2011.CDC FEB Incheon/2434/2010 NOV
WAKAYAMA-C/6/2011 JAN K153Q @ CHIBA/1027/2011 JAN Low @
TOTTORI/8/2011 JAN # K153E HIROSHIMA/50/2010 NOV
ISHIKAWA/22183/2011 JAN Low SHIMANE/24/2011-OR JAN
HIROSHIMA/49/2011 FEB Low @ AKITA/1/2011-OR JAN Low
KITAKYUSYU/1/2011 JAN Low @ SHIZUOKA-C/8/2011 JAN Low
KOBE/463/2011-OR JAN HIROSHIMA/22/2011 JAN Low KUMAMOTO/7/2011 JAN G155G/E
KAGAWA/2/2011 FEB @ FUKUSHIMA/138/2010 DEC G155G/E
AKITA/5/2011 FEB Low @ SHIGA/45/2011 JAN Low
YOKOHAMA/29/2011-OR JAN @ NewYork/11/2010.CDC DEC
YAMAGATA/752/09 DEC G155E YAMAGATA/752/09 DEC G155E Laos/O066/2010 NOV
Washington/08/2011.CDC FEB Montana/06/2011.CDC MAR
Nebraska/10/2011.CDC MAR Bangladesh/5513/2011.CDC FEB
OKINAWA/40/2011 JAN @ Arkansas/01/2011.CDC JAN
Georgia/3/2011.NIMR DEC HIROSHIMA/1/2011 JAN
Florida/12/2011.CDC MAR Maryland/07/2011.CDC FEB @
Indiana/05/2011.CDC FEB Colorado/04/2011.CDC MAR
HongKong/6931/2010.CDC DEC Wisconsin/11/2011.CDC FEB
Michigan/02/2011.CDC FEB Georgia/51/2011.NIMR JAN
England/404/2010.NIMR DEC Kentucky/09/2010.CDC NOV # G155E D222G
Montana/03/2011.CDC FEB England/151/2010.NIMR NOV DARWIN/178/2010.Aus DEC
DARWIN/2/2011.Aus JAN HIROSHIMA/66/2011 FEB @
Kansas/06/2011.CDC FEB Alaska/09/2011.CDC FEB
Gyeonggi/2623/2010 NOV G155G/E SHIZUOKA/20/2011-OR JAN Low @
NIIGATA/1563/2010 DEC Texas/08/2011.CDC MAR Maryland/04/2011.CDC FEB @
Maine/03/2011.CDC MAR Georgia/25/2010.CDC DEC
NARA/54/2011 FEB @ WAKAYAMA/49/2010 DEC WAKAYAMA-C/53/2010 DEC
Christchurch/16/10E.Aus JUL D222N Soria/16/2011.NIMR JAN
OSAKA-C/25/2010 DEC SAKAI/47/2010 DEC
Taiwan/151/2010 AUG YAMAGATA/203/2011 FEB HIROSHIMA-C/28/2011 JAN
YAMAGATA/54/2011 JAN Low Washington/09/2011.CDC MAR
Pennsylvania/01/2011.CDC JAN VICTORIA/1204/2010.Aus OCT
Mississippi/07/2011.CDC FEB Laos/I969/2010 OCT
Shanghai-Zhangning/SWL1700/2010.CNIC DEC Myanmar/JP-S-026/10 JUL
OSAKA/60/10 JUL England/195/09.CDC APR
Utah/20/09.CDC JUL Utah/20/09.CDC JUL NARITA/1/09E MAY NARITA/1/09E MAY
Mexico/InDRE4487/09 APR California/07/09E X179A.CDC California/07/09E X179A.CDC
California/07/09E.CDC APR California/07/09E.CDC APR
0.001
S143G
A197T
D97NS185T
S83T
A134TS183P
N31DK146N
S203T
S162N
N125D
Vaccine
Recent majority clade
Low HA virus clade
Acknowledgement
Influenza virus surveillance group in Japan
Pathogen genomic center, NIIDDrs. Motomura, Yokoyama and Sato
Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, NIIDDrs Yamashita, Yasui and Okabe
National Influenza Centers
WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on InfluenzaUS CDC, Atlanta (N. Cox, A. Klimov)
NIMR, London (J. McCauley, R. Daniels)VIDRL, Melbourne (A. Kelso, I. Barr)
China CDC, Beijing (Y. Shu, D. Wang)
Cambridge University (D. Smith, C. Russel)