Main Idea and Details

Launch ActivitiesInference and Drawing ConclusionsHaines City High SchoolCreator: Charles Wynne

1Watch the videohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2m1Nubw8XJw(ten minute clip)

Answer the questions below:Why is this video clip funny?What happens to Lucy in this clip?What do you think is in Vitameatavegamin they dont advertise?What time period do you think this takes place in and why?

2AcquisitionInference and Drawing ConclusionsHaines City High SchoolCreator: Charles Wynne

3Essential VocabularyInference to infer is to read between the lines of the text, meaning you have to think BEYOND the text and use your prior knowledge to draw conclusions.Prediction To predict is to make an educated guess as to what is going to happen next, be discussed next, or what the effects of the literature may be. Active readers predict as they read.Foreshadowing authors usually leave a blue print for the reader to make predictions and inferences; foreshadowing is when the author hints at what is going to happen, making it easier to infer and predict.4Elkhart Community Schools5

InferenceBackgroundKnowledge(schema)Making ConnectionsQuestioningPredictionsImagination/VisualizationAnalysis of Text: Interpretation/JudgmentDrawing Conclusions5When proficient readers infer, they create a meaning that is not necessarily stated in the text. Inference is a tough strategy to teach because it involves many processes and requires the reader to hold several ideas in his/her mind.

When we infer, we use a combination of ~QuestioningMaking ConnectionsBackground Knowledge (Schema)PredictionsImagination/VisualizationAnalysis of Text: Interpretation JudgmentsDrawing ConclusionsElkhart Community Schools6Inferring through ~QuestioningQuestioning and inferring work in tandem to enhance understanding of text.

~ Harvey & GoudvisAuthors of Strategies That Work6As students read, they ask questions to clarify their uncertainty and make inferences about their thoughts and the ideas/concepts within the text. Elkhart Community Schools7Inferring through ~Making ConnectionsReaders are able to think inferentially when they connect their background of information, ideas, and experiences with the text.

7Read slide.

Elkhart Community Schools8Inferring through ~Background KnowledgeIt is important for the reader to have background knowledge about a text they are reading if they are expected to read inferentially.8According to Harvey and Goudvis, Proficient readers use their prior knowledge and textual information to draw conclusions, make critical judgments, and form unique interpretations from text.Elkhart Community Schools9Inferring through ~Background KnowledgeWord Clues + Experience Inference

9If students do not have the experience portion of the equation (word clues + experience = inference), no matter how many words the author uses, the reader will not be able to think inferentially about the text.

Therefore, it is critical for teachers to provide experiences that build the background knowledge of their students. Elkhart Community Schools10Inferring through ~PredictionsPredicting is relatedto inferring - - -

BUT

whats the difference?10According to Harvey, making a prediction about an outcome, event, or action is confirmed or contradicted by the end of the story. Inferences are often more open-ended and may remain unresolved when the story draws to a close.Elkhart Community Schools11Inferring through ~Imagination/VisualizationWhen you read, you use all your senses. You see things in your minds eye and hear the sounds you connect to that about which you are reading.~ Guided Reading the Four Blocks Way11We have all experienced a time when we were so into the book we could almost taste, smell, and feel the physical sensations we would actually have if we were in that situation. We almost get lost in the book and may sometimes be startled if someone interrupts us while reading.

In these situations, as you read, you imagine the situation about which you are reading, and you infer things the author has not told you in the text. You infer why things happen, why characters behave the way they do, and how characters are feeling. You enter the world created by the author, and you create images and inferences based on what the author tells you and on your own knowledge and beliefs about that world. Elkhart Community Schools12Inferring through ~Imagination/VisualizationProficient readers use images to draw conclusions, to create distinct and unique interpretations of the text, to recall details significant to the text, and to recall a text after it has been read.~ Ellin Keene12Ellin Keene also shares that, Images from reading frequently become part of the readers writing. Images from a readers personal experience frequently become part of his/her comprehension.Elkhart Community Schools13Inferring through ~Analysis of Text:Interpretation/JudgmentInferring is the process of taking that which is stated in text and extrapolating it to ones life to create a wholly original interpretation that, in turn, becomes part of ones beliefs or knowledge.~ Ellin Keene13Read Slide.

It is critical for us as educators to ask the question of ourselves ~

How do you use the literal the words printed on the page to propel children to conclusions, predictions, and interpretations?Elkhart Community Schools14Inferring through ~Drawing ConclusionsProficient readers make connections between conclusions they draw and other beliefs or knowledge.

~ Ellin Keene

14Proficient readers draw conclusions from the text.Elkhart Community Schools15InferringAll the processes work together. Each works in concert with the others to aid the reader in comprehending text.

15Read Slide.

SIGNAL WORDSInferAssumeAscertainBelieveInduceDeduce

SupposeSpeculateSurmiseInterpretImply (implication)DeriveDrawConjecture

1. Consider each of the distracters and look for evidence to either support it or reject it in these areas--the text itself (most important)--your own experience--your own logic

2. Exclude any distracters that are not logical

3. Choose the distracter that requires the shortest leap of logic.Steps to Answering an Inference QuestionPractice and AssessmentInference and Drawing ConclusionsHaines City High SchoolCreator: Charles Wynne

19Complete the first column of the chartWhat I know about Arizona immigration lawWhat I learned about the Arizona immigration lawWhat I can predict will happen with the Arizona law1.2.3.4.5.20Possible ResponsesWhat I know about Arizona immigration lawWhat I learned about the Arizona immigration lawWhat I can predict will happen with the Arizona law1. Police can arrest someone just because they think they are illegal.2. My parents agree with the law.3. I know it is a big debate in our country.4. I saw something about it on Facebook.5. I know that the U.S. has bad immigration laws.21Watch the video and add to column 2 of your charthttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n4ltqJ8-FG8

22Possible ResponsesWhat I know about Arizona immigration lawWhat I learned about the Arizona immigration lawWhat I can predict will happen with the Arizona law1. Police can arrest someone just because they think they are illegal.1. The AZ Governor believes the U.S. Government has been lazy about immigration laws.2. My parents agree with the law.2. Police can act as immigration agents.3. I know it is a big debate in our country.3. People who hire or transport undocumented workers can be fined or arrested.4. I saw something about it on Facebook.4. Could result in ethnic and racial profiling5. I know that the U.S. has bad immigration laws.5. President Obama believes this can lead to unfairness.23DiscussionWhat do you think will happen with the Arizona law?Why do you think this will happen?Do you think the law is fair? Why or why not?Do you think it could create racial and ethnic profiling? If so, how?What do you think is the main difference between the Governor of Arizonas political beliefs and Barack Obamas political beliefs?24Possible ResponsesWhat I know about Arizona immigration lawWhat I learned about the Arizona immigration lawWhat I can predict will happen with the Arizona law1. Police can arrest someone just because they think they are illegal.1. The AZ Governor believes the U.S. Government has been lazy about immigration laws.1. The law will go in to effect and the debate will become more heated.2. My parents agree with the law.2. Police can act as immigration agents.2. The U.S. government will be forced to revisit immigration policies.3. I know it is a big debate in our country.3. People who hire or transport undocumented workers can be fined or arrested.3. The Arizona law will be repealed soon.4. I saw something about it on Facebook.4. Could result in ethnic and racial profiling4. There will be a lot of racial and ethnic profiling.5. I know that the U.S. has bad immigration laws.5. President Obama believes this can lead to unfairness.5. The debate will keep racial and ethnic profiling from happening very often.25Answer the questions based on the photoWhat can you infer from this photograph?Why does it seem probable that this person is not being seriously injured ?Based on the photo, what might you infer about why is person is covered in bugs?

26Answer the questions below about the photo.What emotion(s) is she feelingWhy is she feeling this way?Who caused this or what caused this?Etc.

27Answer the questions belowWhat kind of relationship do the people in the photograph have? How do you know?Based on the photograph, what can we assume about the nature of the discussion?Based on the photograph, what is the probable reason for the womans upset?

28Answer the questions using the political cartoon below.Why is this cartoon funny?What can you assume about the artist/creators opinion about environment based on the commentary in the cartoon?

What is happening in the passage? And is the picture appropriate? Why or why not? My father lies black and hushedBeneath white hospital sheetsHe collapsed at work His iron left himSlow and quiet he sank

30Science - Read the articleBionic Cat Gets Artificial PawsOscar the cat may have lost one of his nine lives, but his new prosthetic paws make him one of the world's few bionic cats. After losing his two rear paws in a nasty encounter with a combine harvester last October, the black cat with green eyes was outfitted with metallic pegs that link the ankles to new prosthetic feet and mimic the way deer antlers grow through skin. Oscar is now back on his feet and hopping over hurdles like tissue paper rolls.Together with biomedical engineering experts, Fitzpatrick gave Oscar two metal prosthetic implants, or pegs. Those were attached to custom-built faux paws that are a bit wobbly, to imitate a cat's natural walk. But first, he covered the brown implants with black tape to match Oscar's fur.

31Multiple Choice QuestionBased on the article, the word bionic probably means:A. Something with human parts.B. Something with biological and mechanical parts.C. Something with only mechanical parts.D. Something with unnatural elements or parts.

Write down the answer AND your reasoning behind it. You MAY NOT use a dictionary!!!AnswerBased on the article, the word bionic probably means:A. Something with human parts.B. Something with biological and mechanical parts.C. Something with only mechanical parts.D. Something with unnatural elements or parts.Historical Women in Math1956 Gloria Ford Gilmer was the first African American woman to publish a non-Ph.D. mathematics thesis research paper. Had she not halted her graduate school program at the University of Wisconsin for marriage, she would have been the fourth African American woman to earn a Ph.D. in Mathematics. Some years later, she earned a Doctorate in Curriculum Instruction. However, during her entire career she has been a major force and an instrumental figure for the advancement of African Americans in the Mathematical Community.

34Short Answer QuestionWhat is the most-likely reason that Gloria Ford Gilmer got a Doctoral degree in Curriculum Instruction but not in Mathematics?Social Studies Read the articleQuran doesnt call for stoning, experts insist

International outcry - and the pleas of a devoted son - seem to have saved an Iranian woman from being stoned to death for adultery.But while Sakineh Mohammedie Ashitani has been granted a reprieve, she is not the only woman sentenced to be stoned for adultery in Iran. There have been at least six sentences carried out since 2006, says Ann Harrison, an Iran expert at Amnesty International in London.Adultery is the only crime that carries such a penalty in Iranian law, she said.Only a handful of countries have laws calling for stoning, and Iran is the only one that carries out executions that way, Amnesty International records suggest.That is because Islam doesn't really want the punishment to be carried out, says Ziba Mir-Hosseini, an Iranian-born campaigner against the practice.36Multiple Choice QuestionBased on the information in the article, what can we assume the author means by the phrase, Adultery is the only crime that carries such a penalty in Iranian law, she said?That the punishment is not harsh enough.That adultery is the only crime problem in Iran.That even murderers are not tortured as much as adulterers.That few women commit adultery in Iran.A and BC and DNone of the aboveMultiple Choice Question ANSWERBased on the information in the article, what can we assume the author means by the phrase, Adultery is the only crime that carries such a penalty in Iranian law, she said?That the punishment is not harsh enough.That adultery is the only crime problem in Iran.That even murderers are not tortured as much as adulterers.That few women commit adultery in Iran.A and BC and DNone of the aboveMultiple Choice QuestionBased on the article, what is the authors point of view?Iranian women deserve to be stoned to death for committing adulterous acts against their husbands.Male adulterers are not punished as badly as female adulterers in Iran.Iran is one of the few places where a stoning law is still in effect for adultery crimes.No one deserves this type of punishment.

English Read the excerpt below.It is a Friday, market day. My mother, my father, and me, we cross into Dajabon, the first Dominican town across the river. My mother wants to buy cooking pots made by a Haitian pot maker named Moy who lives there, the best pot maker in the area. There is a gleam to Moy's pots that makes you think you are getting a gem. They never darken even after they have been used on outdoor cooking fires for years. In the afternoon, as we set out to wade across the river again with our two new shiny pots, it starts to rain in the mountains, far upstream. The air is heavy and moist; a wide rainbow arc creeps away from the sky, dark rain clouds moving in to take its place.

40Short Answer QuestionsWhat is the narrators attitude towards the changing weather? How did you make this determination?What type of climate does the narrator live in? How do you know this?What can you infer about Moys pots? What makes them special?What can you predict will happen next?

Read the excerpt of Verses upon the Burning of our House by Anne Bradstreet

In silent night when rest I took,For sorrow near I did not look,I waken'd was with thund'ring noiseAnd piteous shrieks of dreadful voice.That fearful sound of "fire" and "fire,"Let no man know is my Desire.I starting up, the light did spy,And to my God my heart did cryTo straighten me in my DistressAnd not to leave me succourless.

Multiple Choice QuestionsDuring which time period would it appear the poet lived?A. 300 100 B.C.B. 1600 1700 A.D.C. 1950 1970 A.D.D. 2001 - presentBased on the context, what can we assume the word piteous means?A. PatheticB. DepressedC. EcstaticD. Sorrowful Based on the context, what meaning does the poet intend to convey in using the word succourless? A. HelplessB. PatheticC. HopefulD. Dreaded

AnswersDuring which time period would it appear the poet lived?A. 300 100 B.C.B. 1600 1700 A.D.C. 1950 1970 A.D.D. 2001 - presentBased on the context, what can we assume the word piteous means?A. PatheticB. DepressedC. EcstaticD. Sorrowful Based on the context, what meaning does the poet intend to convey in using the word succourless? A. HelplessB. PatheticC. HopefulD. Dreaded

Extending and RefiningInference and Drawing ConclusionsHaines City High SchoolCreator: Charles Wynne

45Review Several of the Brain Boosters Critical Thinking Activitieshttp://school.discoveryeducation.com/brainboosters/

THEN: Write your own Brain Booster activity and have a friend take it to see if they can come up with the right answer.