infancy power point
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/8/2019 INFANCY Power Point
1/26
INFANCY
-
8/8/2019 INFANCY Power Point
2/26
Refers to a person not more than 12 months.
A healthy full term infant weighs 2.7-3.2 kg.
(6-7 lbs)Measures 48-50 cm (19-20 inches) in length
Head circumference average 35cm (14 inches).
His skin is moist elastic and wrinkled.
-
8/8/2019 INFANCY Power Point
3/26
NUTRITIONAL OBJECTIVES
Provide nutritional and rapid growth and
development of a child during 1st yr. of life.
Establish the foundation for good health
habits and attitudes.
-
8/8/2019 INFANCY Power Point
4/26
DIET
1. Breastfeeding
has physiologic value for mother and infant
meets nutrient needs of early months
provides immunity factor and reduces chances
for infection
-
8/8/2019 INFANCY Power Point
5/26
2. Bottle feeding
formula designed to match nutritional ratio of
breast milk composition, water dilution to
reduce protein and mineral concentration,added carbohydrate to increase energy value
may meet need of working mother
must be prepared under clean conditions andsterilized to prevent contamination.
-
8/8/2019 INFANCY Power Point
6/26
NURTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
-
8/8/2019 INFANCY Power Point
7/26
CALORIE
The needs of the infant increase from month tomonth, at birth a baby requires about 350-500calories
In 1 year from 800-1200 calories: 120
calories/gram body weight from the 2nd -7thmonth
100 calories/kg from 7th-12th month.
The average requirement for growth in the 1st yr
is 50 calories/pound of expected weight, 2/3 ofthis calorie needs being supplied by milk and 1/3by the added CHO.
-
8/8/2019 INFANCY Power Point
8/26
PROTEINS
Allowances of 1.5-2.5 gm ofCHON /gram in
the body weight from 0-6 months of age,
1.5-2gm/kg in the body weight from 6-12months of age are recommended by the
FAO/WHO expert group.
1 and oz. of cows milk/pound, which equals
1.5 gm. OfCHON per pound, which equals
one-tenth of the body weight.
-
8/8/2019 INFANCY Power Point
9/26
FAT
Whole cows milk contains satisfactory levels
of essential fatty acids, linoleic and
arachidonic acids required by infants.
Low fat milk used for a short period of time
presents no problems since the infants has the
generous reserves of the essential fatty acids.
About 3-5% of fat included when no specificamount is stipulated.
-
8/8/2019 INFANCY Power Point
10/26
CARBOHYDRATES
Allowance of 1/10 ounce/lb. of the body
weight equals 1 ounce/10 oz. of milk
prescribed, which also equals 1 % of the body
weight.
1/3 of the CHO should be derived from the
milk of mixture, and the remainder added in
the starch or sugar.
-
8/8/2019 INFANCY Power Point
11/26
MINERALS
An adequate mineral-salt intake is supplied to
any infant when one and one half ounces of
milk/pound of body weight are given.
Enough iron is stored in the liver of the normal
infant until the 4-5 month.
-
8/8/2019 INFANCY Power Point
12/26
VITAMINS
Vitamin B6(pyridoxine) is essential in the diet ofhuman infants. It has been revealed, both
experimentally and clinically, that a pyridoxine
deficiency may result in a syndrome characterized
primarily by convulsions
Vit. B (pyridoxine) is essential in the diet of
human infants, the Pyridoxine syndrome may
result to convulsion.The minimum daily requirement of this vitamin is
believed to be between 60-100 micrograms.
-
8/8/2019 INFANCY Power Point
13/26
Infants whose mothers received large doses ofvitamin B, during pregnancy for treatment
Infants given daily dose of 2000 IU ofVit. D
achieve less growth than infants receiving 125
IU and far less than those given 400 IU.
Normal infant ingesting 18 ounces of cows
milk
-
8/8/2019 INFANCY Power Point
14/26
WATER
The daily fluid needs of the infant are
approximately 2.5 ounces per pound of body
weight.
The requirement of water varies from 10-15%of the body weight or 1 or to 2 ounces per
pound of body weight.
-
8/8/2019 INFANCY Power Point
15/26
FOODS FOR INFANTS
(3-12 months old)Earlier, at 3 months of age, start familiarizing thebaby with the taste and texture of other foods.
Simple tips on how to help infants eat better
1. Beware of baby dinners or creamed productsthat contain nutritionally incomplete refinedstarches.
2. Drain of syrup from canned fruits before serving.
3. Watch the number of egg yolks the childconsumes per week.
4. If the doctor says its okay, give him 2% low fatmilk instead of whole milk.
-
8/8/2019 INFANCY Power Point
16/26
TIPS ON GIVING NEWFOODS
1. After his 3rd month b-day, test the readiness ofyour baby to accept new foods for placing ateaspoon between his lips.
a. If he tends to close his lips or push teaspoonaway continually then he is not ready.
b. But if he accept the food from a teaspoon giveliquid or semi liquid food first.
2. Start any new food with teaspoon on the 1st
day add as your baby takes to the new taste.
3. Never start two new foods at the same time.
4. Show pleasure when giving a new foods.
-
8/8/2019 INFANCY Power Point
17/26
5. Give water to provide enough liquid to
remove waste on his body and help regulatebody functions.
6. At about 7 months of age, teach your baby to
drink water and other liquids from cup.
7. Give finely chopped foods when your baby
starts teething.
8. Offer bland foods to your baby.
a. Highly salted foods may injure his kidneys.
b. Too much sugar or sweets may develop in
the baby.
-
8/8/2019 INFANCY Power Point
18/26
9. Handle babys food properly.
a. Wash hand with soap and clean water
before handling babys foods.b. Dirty fingernails carry germs and eggs ofworms which can cause worm infestation.
c.U
se clean utensils and keep food away fromflies and insects.
d. Boil liquids and cook thoroughly.
10. Feed baby only with freshly cooked foods or
fruits freshly peeled.
11. If necessary, divide the recommendedamount of supplementary foods.
-
8/8/2019 INFANCY Power Point
19/26
FORMULA PREPARATION
Milk formula are sterilized in order to reduce
curd size and to prevent the growth of
harmful bacteria
-
8/8/2019 INFANCY Power Point
20/26
TWO METHODS OFFORMULA OF
PREPARATION1. Aseptic method
The equipment and ingredients are
sterilized separately either by steam or boilingwater for at least 25 minutes.
2. Terminal method
The formulas are poured into clean but
unsterilized bottles and are sterilized together.
-
8/8/2019 INFANCY Power Point
21/26
FEEDING TIME
FEEDING TIME
= 2.5-2.7 kg baby usually feeds every 3hours.
= 3.6-4kg baby usually feeds every 4hours.
=at 2 months old, the baby sleeps through the
night after the 10pm feeding.
= Between 2-3 months old, the baby is on a 4-
5 feeding schedule.
-
8/8/2019 INFANCY Power Point
22/26
SUPPLEMENTARY FOODS
1. 2nd month- liquid like rice water, vegetablewater, or calamansi juice may be introduceddepending upon infant acceptance and tolerance.2. 4th month- scraped banana, papaya, or thin
lugaw. Or cerelac and ceresoy.3. 5th-6th months- full diet consisting of pureedmeat,egg,fruit,vegetables,and cereals.4. 7th-8thmonths- foods are chopped finely, not
strained to teach mastication.5. 9th-12months- whole tender foods or foodschopped coarsely are given.
-
8/8/2019 INFANCY Power Point
23/26
COMMON DISORDERS
DIARRHEA- Diarrhea is most frequently caused bybacteria and viruses although both overfeedingand underfeeding can also cause diarrhea. Cowsmilk causes allergy to some infants leading also to
diarrhea.
VOMITING- Is commonly seen in normal infantduring the 1st few days. Other modifications mayinclude reducing the number of feedings,
acidifying milk, ormaking it a point to burp the infant after everyfeeding.
-
8/8/2019 INFANCY Power Point
24/26
ALLERGY- e.g. lactose intolerance, the enzyme thathydrolyzes the carbohydrate lactose in milk into
glucose and galactose is present, increasing the gutfluid volume. Bacteria in colon ferment the lactose anda variety of gastrointestinal symptoms occur withvarying severity.
CONSTIP
ATION- infrequent bowel movement is notreally the problem in infants but the pain on thepassage of stool.
COLIC- is an acute paroxysm of pain, fussing crying, and
irritability which last for 3months. Causes arephysiologic factors , maternal and family tensions, GIhypermotility, functional immaturity ofCNS and GItract.
-
8/8/2019 INFANCY Power Point
25/26
INDICATION OF GOOD NUTRITION
Weight GainA steady weight gain of 150-240gm/week thatslows down toward the end of the 1st year toabout 120gm/week is considered as the properweight gain (doubled birth weight at the end ofthe 1 year).
Length
Baby length increases by about 25.4cm or 50%more at the end of first year.
-
8/8/2019 INFANCY Power Point
26/26
Behavioral Development
0-1month=suckles and smiles2-3months=vocalizes and controls head
4-5months=controls hand and rolls over
6-7months=sits briefly and crawls
8-9months=grasps and pulls up10-11months=walks with support and stands alone
12months=starts to walk alone
Bowel movement=normal w/o green or red streaks
Sleeping Habits=
regularTooth formation=average
Motor coordination=developing
Muscles=firm and well formed with moderatesubcutaneous