INDUSTRIAL POLLUTED WATER

AND CROPSBY: ASMAT BABAR

WWW.ASMATBABAR.BLOGSPOT.COM

Introduction

Water

Introduction Water pollution is the contamination of

water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans and groundwater).

Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of water. In almost all cases the effect is damaging not only to individual species and populations, but also to the natural biological communities.

Polluted water consists of Industrial discharged effluents, sewage water, and the rain water. The use of this type of water is a common practice in agriculture. Estimation indicates that more than fifty countries of the world with an area of twenty million hectares area are treated with polluted or partially treated polluted water.

With the rapid increase in population, demand for irrigation, human and industrial consumption of water has increased tremendously, thereby causing rapid depletion of freshwater resources. On the other hand, increased urbanization and industrialization is also generating considerable amount of waste water.

Water pollution is one of the major threats to public health in Pakistan. Drinking water quality is poorly managed and monitored. Pakistan ranks at number 80 among 122 nations regarding drinking water quality.

Use of water resources in Pakistan

Agriculture: 93%Industry: 5%Public: 2%

Water Pollutions

Polluted water is complex water resource with both advantageous and also disadvantageous. Generally the use of polluted water for irrigation has an advantage of crop production so benefits to farmers and the whole community but also harmful for the people and whole ecosystem of the concerned area.

Farmers use polluted water to save their expenses. E.g Malir river crops in karachi.

Causes of Water Pollution

1) Industrial pollution 2) Domestic and municipal pollution 3) Agricultural pollution

1) Industrial pollution

1) Industrial pollution

Industry is a huge source of water pollution, it produces pollutants that are extremely harmful to people and the environment. Many industrial facilities use freshwater to carry away waste from the plant and into rivers, lakes and oceans.

A major cause of industrial water pollution due to discharge of waste water containing high pollutant concentrations.

In Pakistan only 1% of water waste is treated by industries before being discharges directly into rivers and drains.

In Karachi, Sindh industrial Trading Estate (SITE) , Korangi Industrial and Trading Estate (KITE), two of the biggest industrial estate in Pakistan, there is no effluent treatment plant and the waste containing hazardous materials, heavy metals oil etc is discharge into rivers.

In Multan, a fertilizer factory discharge its waste untreated to cultivation land causing death of live stock and increasing health risk to human.

2) Domestic and municipal pollution Excretory products of municipal corporation

increase water becomes unsuitable for drinking and other uses. Phosphate and nitrate compounds are increase in water.

The waste products of dairy farms and poultry farms are also involved in water pollution.

It has been estimated that around 2,000 million gallons of sewage water is being discharged to surface water bodies every day in Pakistan (Pak-SCEA 2006)

According to the Pakistan Environment Protection Agency report, the household waste generated in Pakistan by per capita is 0.283 kg to 0.613 kg/day and by per house is 1.896 kg to 4.29 kg/day. In big cities like Karachi the waste contains 8.41 per paper, 8.11 per cent cardboard, 6.20 per cent plastic, 5.21 per cent glass, 4.08 per cent & metal and 8.93 per cent textiles, together they all contribute nearly 41 per cent of total house hold waste.

3) Agricultural pollution

Agricultural pollution refers to biotic and abiotic byproducts of farming practices that result in contamination or degradation of the environment and surrounding ecosystems, and/or cause injury to humans and their economic interests.

Nitrogen compounds are produced by the use of nitrogen fertilizer and these compounds take part in water pollution. Herbicides, germicides and insecticides are widely used or spray on crops. These compounds increase the water pollution.

There are two types of resources of agriculture water pollution.

Abiotic sources Biotic sources

Abiotic sources.

Pesticides Fertilizer Heavy Metals Land Management

Biotic sources

Greenhouse gases from fecal waste Bio pesticides Introduced species Genetically modified organisms (GMO) Animal management

Classification of Water pollution:

Inorganic water pollution Organic water pollution

Inorganic pollutants:

Pre production industrial raw material. Heavy metals including acid mine drainage. Chemical waste as industrial by products. Acidity due industrial discharges like sulphur dioxide. Fertilizer in runoff from agriculture including nitrates

and phosphate. The combustion of coal leads to the release of

mercury in the atmosphere. This enters the rivers, lakes and underground.

Arsenic Toxicity.

Organic water pollution

Bacteria form sewage or livestock operation. Food processing waste, which can include

oxygen demand substance like fat. Petroleum hydrocarbons like Diesel, Gasoline,

Jet fuel, Motor oil, Detergents. Pesticides. Ocean Pollution Oil spills pollution. Sources of pollution offshore

wells, tankers, pipelines and storage tank.

Effect of Polluted water on Plant/Crops Various detergents from domestic or

industrial use directly released or washed down into the water bodies cause serious effects of plants.

Most of the detergents that are toxic, enter the plants through roots or surface absorption. Common effects of detergents on plants are as follows.

Retardation of plant growth, root elongation, carbon dioxide fixation, photosynthesis, cation uptake, pollen germination and growth of pollen tubes.

Destruction of the chlorophylls and cell membranes.

Alteration of the absorption maxima of chlorophylls.

Binding of membrane lipids and proteins.

Denaturation of proteins and thus causing enzyme inhibition in various metabolic processes.

Solutions to the Pollution Problems The factory waste should be first filtered and

then disposed properly into sea or river. If this is not done, then the government should take legal action against them.

Instead of using clean water, we can use the filtered industrial water for flushing toilets, watering the plants and washing the cars.

The government should ask the local citizens for proper beach cleaning once in a year. Besides it should also fine those people who throw their waste into the sea or river.

There must be a regular cleaning of all the canals and channels by the government workers.

The government should pass strict environmental laws concerning oil spill

Conclusion

Water pollution is bad and it’s not good for irrigation to crops and people to drink that’s polluted water and for all organisms that need water to survive. There are millions of people that don’t have good clean access to water and that they even have to drink the bad polluted water for them it survive, industries can cause water pollution along with the toxic chemicals as well as Agriculture & municipal waste.

We Should to take steps to stop water pollution to save our water reservoirs from water pollution. The factory waste should be first filtered and then disposed properly into sea or river. The government workers must be a regular cleaning of all the canals and channels. We must all cooperate with one another to save our marine life as much as possible.

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