industrial growth in the north (1790-1860)

CCALL TOALL TOFFREEDOMREEDOM

HOLT

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Beginnings to 1877

1

INDUSTRIAL GROWTHINDUSTRIAL GROWTHIN THE NORTHIN THE NORTH(1790-1860)(1790-1860)Section 1:Section 1: The Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution

and Americaand America

Section 2:Section 2: Changes in Working LifeChanges in Working Life

Section 3:Section 3: The Transportation RevolutionThe Transportation Revolution

Section 4:Section 4: More Technological AdvancesMore Technological Advances

Chapter 13


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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES How did Samuel Slater contribute to the How did Samuel Slater contribute to the

growth of the textile industry in the Northeast?growth of the textile industry in the Northeast? How did Eli Whitney’s ideas benefit How did Eli Whitney’s ideas benefit

manufacturing?manufacturing? How did events before and during the War of How did events before and during the War of

1812 aid the growth of manufacturing and free 1812 aid the growth of manufacturing and free enterprise in the United States?enterprise in the United States?

Section 1: The IndustrialSection 1: The IndustrialRevolution and AmericaRevolution and America


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Samuel SlaterSamuel SlaterSamuel SlaterSamuel Slater improved the improved the textile industry, which led to textile industry, which led to large profits and the building large profits and the building of textile mills.of textile mills.



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Eli WhitneyEli Whitney improved the manufacturing improved the manufacturing industry in two ways:industry in two ways: interchangeable partsinterchangeable partsmass productionmass production



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Innovation

SECTION 1The Industrial Revolution and America

Innovation

• machine production of cotton thread

• successful use of machinery in mills

Samuel Slater

Eli Whitney

• interchangeable parts

• mass production

• easy to assemble and replace

• goods cost less


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The War of 1812The War of 1812

The The War of 1812War of 1812 aided free enterprise and aided free enterprise and manufacturing by encouraging Americans to buy manufacturing by encouraging Americans to buy from American manufacturers and encouraging from American manufacturers and encouraging industrial growth.industrial growth.



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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES How were the Rhode Island system and the How were the Rhode Island system and the

Lowell system different?Lowell system different? In what ways did the introduction of factories In what ways did the introduction of factories

influence the daily life of workers in the influence the daily life of workers in the northeastern United States?northeastern United States?

How did Sarah G. Bagley and other reformers How did Sarah G. Bagley and other reformers contribute to the early labor-union movement?contribute to the early labor-union movement?

Section 2: Section 2: Changes in Working LifeChanges in Working Life


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The Rhode Island The Rhode Island and Lowell Systemsand Lowell Systems

Rhode Island SystemRhode Island System Hired entire familiesHired entire families Divided factory work into simple tasksDivided factory work into simple tasks

Lowell SystemLowell System Hired young, unmarried womenHired young, unmarried women Built looms that could weave thread and spin Built looms that could weave thread and spin

cloth in the millcloth in the mill



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Influence of FactoriesInfluence of Factorieson the Northeast United Stateson the Northeast United States new wave of immigrationnew wave of immigration bad working conditionsbad working conditions trade unions formedtrade unions formed strikesstrikes labor reformlabor reform



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SECTION 2

Changes in Working Life

Types of Workers Changes in Daily Life

• Families • worked in factories instead of on farms

• Unmarried women

• Craftspeople

• began working in factories

• were forced to change working conditions to compete


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Sarah G. BagleySarah G. BagleySarah G. BagleySarah G. Bagley and other labor reformers and other labor reformers fought for a l0-hour workday.fought for a l0-hour workday.



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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES How did the Transportation Revolution How did the Transportation Revolution

change life in the United States?change life in the United States? What was the effect of the Supreme Court What was the effect of the Supreme Court

case case Gibbons v. OgdenGibbons v. Ogden?? How did the growth of railroads benefit the How did the growth of railroads benefit the

nation?nation?

Section 3: Section 3: The Transportation RevolutionThe Transportation Revolution


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The Transportation Revolution:The Transportation Revolution: greater speed and convenience in travelgreater speed and convenience in travel expanded free enterpriseexpanded free enterprise reduced shipping time and costreduced shipping time and cost led to development of new townsled to development of new towns steamboat ferry servicesteamboat ferry service encouraged settlers to move to the Midwestencouraged settlers to move to the Midwest



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Gibbons v. OgdenGibbons v. OgdenGibbons v. OgdenGibbons v. Ogden (1824) – Supreme Court (1824) – Supreme Court ruling that federal law has priority over ruling that federal law has priority over equivalent state law; expanded definition of equivalent state law; expanded definition of interstate commerceinterstate commerce



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Growth of American RailroadGrowth of American Railroad made travel easier and fastermade travel easier and faster aided economy and trade/lowered prices for aided economy and trade/lowered prices for

consumersconsumers linked cities in Eastern U.S. and helped other linked cities in Eastern U.S. and helped other

cities growcities grow



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SECTION 3

The Transportation Revolution

Effects of Developments

Steamships

• eased the transport of goods• encouraged Midwestern settlement

• increased economic development• linked communities• aided the growth of cities

• made information readily available

Railroads

Telegraph


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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES What ideas did Samuel Morse draw upon in What ideas did Samuel Morse draw upon in

order to invent the telegraph?order to invent the telegraph? How did new developments benefit factory How did new developments benefit factory

and farm work?and farm work? What new inventions did Cyrus McCormick What new inventions did Cyrus McCormick

and Isaac Singer develop?and Isaac Singer develop?

Section 4: Section 4: More Technological AdvancesMore Technological Advances


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Samuel MorseSamuel MorseSamuel MorseSamuel Morse combined electricity and combined electricity and magnetism to invent the telegraph.magnetism to invent the telegraph.



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New Developments Benefit New Developments Benefit Factory and Farm WorkersFactory and Farm Workers factories could be built anywherefactories could be built anywhere low labor and shipping costslow labor and shipping costs movement from rural to urban areas and to movement from rural to urban areas and to

the westthe west growth of machine-tool industrygrowth of machine-tool industry made planting and harvesting easiermade planting and harvesting easier



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InventorsInventors Cyrus McCormickCyrus McCormick – reaper – reaper Isaac SingerIsaac Singer – sewing machine – sewing machine



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SECTION 4

More Technological Advances

Technological Developments Benefiting Factory and Farm Work

Steam power allowed business owners to build factories in places that did not have streams or waterfalls to power the factory.

Improved machinery was introduced as a substitute for manual labor.

John Deere’s steel plow eased farmers’ work.

Cyrus McCormick’s reaper made harvesting more efficient.


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Chapter Wrap-Up

CHAPTER 13

1. What did the Supreme Court rule in Gibbons v. Ogden, and what was significant about the case?

2. How did the growth of factories change American life?

3. How did the Transportation Revolution benefit the U.S. economy and free enterprise?

1. What did the Supreme Court rule in Gibbons v. Ogden, and what was significant about the case?

2. How did the growth of factories change American life?

3. How did the Transportation Revolution benefit the U.S. economy and free enterprise?

industrial growth in the north (1790-1860)

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