industrial air pollution
TRANSCRIPT
Industrial
Air PollutionGroup 8
Contents
Introduction
Coal-Fired Power Plant
Developing & Developed countries
Comparison & CO2 emission
Conclusion
Introduction
Factory Farming
Fossil Fuel
Paper
Mining
Pharmaceutical
Automobile industries
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
51% of GHE -> CH4 = 25CO2
30% CO2, Acid rain, NOx, SO2
6% Dioxin, wildlife, deforestation
5% Hg, Pb
4%
3%
The most polluting industries on the planet…
Fossil Fuel Industry
Coal
Natural gas
Oil
A typical coal plant generates 3.5 million tons of CO2 per year2
Emits 50 - 60 % less CO2 than coal plant, when it’s new.
Emits 20-30% less CO2 than coal plant.
Coal
Natural gas Oil
To produce electricity:
Coal-fired Power PlantNOx, SO2, Black carbon, Smog, Hg, PM, CO2
Pollutants of coal-fired power plant
NOx
Hg
Smog
Black Carbon
SO2
2. Health, environmental damage
5. PM ≤ 2.5 µm, incomplete combustion of fossil fuel
1. Causes O3, smog > health issues
4. Toxic heavy metals>nervous
system
6. Burning coal..
PM3. Soot, fly ash >health impacts
VOCs, soot, +
Health impacts from heavy metals and organic pollutants
Nervous system
Cardiovascular system
Respiratory system
Mercury (Hg) & Lead (Pb) > methylmercury in the womb > IQ of children,
PM2.5 > ischemic stroke, cerebrovascular disease
PM, NO2 > Cardiovascular disease, mortality, hypertension, atherosclerosis
SO2, Nox, PM and O3 – cause lung, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases
Health Impacts of Coal Power Plant Everyone has the right to breath clean air!
Trans-boundary AP from Coal PP
Global>1000km
Trans-boundaryLocal
10km
PM10, NOx, SO2, acid gases,
POPs, heavy metals, dioxins
SO2, NOx, VOCs, heavy
metals, dioxins, PM2.5
PM2.5, Mercury, dioxins
The NOx from coal power plants in South Africa can travel across the Indian Ocean to Australia.
Coal Power Plants Pollution is not a Local Problem!
Countries
USA
Mongolia
India
Myanmar
Thailand
Thailand
Natural Gas71%
Coal21%
Oil1%
Renewable 2%
Hydro5%
Electricity generation
Unit Emission standard value – Mae Moh
SO2
(ppm)NOx as NO2 (ppm)
PM (mg/m3)
Unit 1-3 1.300 500 180
Unit 4-7 320 500 180
Unit 8-13 320 500 180
Unit 1-13 Total SO2 Loading not exceed 11 tons/hour
2002: Greenpeace study – 4.3mln tons of fly ash, 39tons of neurotoxin mercury annually
Mae Moh contains very high concentrations of Arsenic, Hg, Pb, Cr > damage environment, water pollution, health issues etc..
Mae Moh produces more than 4mln tons of CO2 annually.1.6 tons of Sulfur gas release from the plant every day!
Mae Moh Coal Power Plant in Lampang
Thai Provincial Court awarded US$142.500 to the villagers for crop damages caused by Coal Power Plant
1992
1996
2003
2004
High levels of arsenic, Cr, Mn in almost all water sources within the vicinity of the plant
CO2 > 4 million tons/yearSulfur gas > 1.6 million tons/year
Oct 11units at Mae Moh- Breathing difficulties,
nausea, dizziness- After 2 months operation
>50% rice fields were damaged by acid rain
- 42.000 people got breathing ailment
6 people died of blood poisoning600 people – respiratory problems caused by SO2
India
Coal 59%
Hydro17%
Re-new-able12%
Natural gas9%
Nuclear2%
Oil1%
Electricity generation
Conditions LimitsPM All 50 mg/m3
Soot All 30 mg/m3
SO2
New boiler 1000mg/m3
Existing boiler 2000mg/m3
NO2 All 750mg/m3
Mercury All 0.03mg/m3
Emission standard of Coal Power Plant
Three largest plant produce 4000MW
SO2
NO2
Health
• 498655.78Gg
• 3840.44Gg
• 2314.95Gg
• Premature mortality, asthma …
Mundra Ultra Mega Power Station
Capacity: 4000MW, Coal is imported from Indonesia.
2009-2010CO2
MongoliaElectricity Generation
1%5%
79%
15%
Thermal coal
Diesel
Solar&wind
Hydro, Import
Region CO mg/m3 SO2 mg/m3 PM mg/m3
10 <1m2<1000 180 400 50 1m2 < 10persons 300 600 200
8.01MMT > CO2 emission from electricity and heat production in 2011.
Contain - VOCs NOx mg/m3
Vdaf < 10% 110010% < Vdaf < 20% 650Vdaf > 20% 450
Vdaf – Dry Ash Free basis
Emission standard of Thermal Power Plant
http://www.neaspec.org/sites/default/files/1-4%20National%20Process%20to%20Establish%20New%20So2%20Emission%20Standards%20in%20Mongolia.pdf
4th Thermal Power Plant
Total capacity – 863.3 MW
SO2 emission – 40.000 tons in 2010
Coal consumption – 5 million tons in 2010
2007 - Health impacts 147million US$
50.000+ people - respiratory diseases
PM – 14.381 tons, SO2 – 30.330 tons, NOx – 9171 tons in 2011.
Produces 70% of electricity, 65% of heat energy
USA
27% Natural
gas
39% Coal
19% Nuclear
1% Others
13%Renewable
Total power sector emission > 2159MMT 7th largest CO2 emitter
Most Polluted 100 Coal Plants in the US
2. Carbon emission Standards Global warming reduction Emission reduction strategy, President Obama’s announcement
1. Health Impacts NOx + VOCs hv O3 “smog” > respiratory system, lung, asthma etc.,
CO2 emissions: 1052 MMT in 201120% of US emission3% of world’s emission
Source: http://environmentamericacenter.org/sites/environment/files/reports/Dirty%20Power%20Plants.pdf
Myanmar
0.74
0.03
0.23
Hydropower Coal Natural Gas
Parameter Myanmar (24 Hour)
Measurement
WHO Guidelines(24 Hour)
WHO Guidelines (Annual)
TSP (µg/m3)
350.57 100
PM 10 131.54 50 20PM 2.5 25 10
Ambient Air Quality in Industrial Area of Mandalay
Substance
Myanmar WHO Guideline
NO2 (ppb) 19.14 40SO2 (ppb) 1.5 20
Electricity generation
The biggest coal power plant
Hg, Selenium, arsenic > No control!
120MW100-150 tons of toxic fly-ash generate daily
640,000 tons of coal per year
Tigyit Coal Power Plant
A
D B
C Noise Pollution
CO2 emission
45 35
To reduce carbon dioxide emission of coal power plants, its either replacing the technology or using renewable energy.
Developing countries in Asia USA
CO2 emission from coal expected to rise 60% by 2030
J-Power technology – reduce CO2 High efficiency and low emission technology
Coal Power Plants produce nearly 42% of electricity in the worldThe biggest source of man made CO2 emissions is coal combustion! 30% of world’s CO2 emission
Comparison of Emission StandardsPollutant Unit US Thailand Mongolia Myanmar IndiaSO2 mg/m3 184 1832.31 615-1903 WHO 2000
NOx mg/m3 135-370 752.56 320-1270 WHO 750
PM mg/m3 20-40 320 200-2100 WHO 150-350
Comparison – Emission Status
Low Emission Technology
Low emission technology for
non-GHG pollutants
SO2
NOx PM
Controlled by
• Scrubbing with limestone slurry in a
flue gas desulfurization FGD
For NOx minimization
• Flue gas treatment systems
• Low NOx combustion technology in boiler
Reduced by
• Settling chambers• ESP• Wet Collectors• Cyclones • Fabric filters
Green Technology
Step 1
Step 2 Step 3
Title in hereWind
Title in here
Biomass
Title in hereSolar 1.Wind energy
- the motion of air molecules can be harvested in the wind turbines
2.Solar energy - solar photon flux can be converted to heat, electricity or chemical energy
3.Biomass energy - convert to biofuel > thermal, chemical, biochemical methods; Dead trees, MSW etc.,
Green energy sources
Reserves to Production ratio: coal – 118years, oil - 46years, natural gas – 58 years, currently provide 85% of all energy use in the World
ConclusionMajor air pollutants caused by Industry:
CO, Hydrocarbons, PM, SOx, NOx Impacts
Environmental & HealthMitigation
Control devices & green energy sources
References ED78.37 - Air Pollution Engineering and Management – Lecture Notes, Prof. Kim
Nguen http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Air_pollution_from_coal-fired_power_plants https://www.dosomething.org/facts/11-facts-about-factory-farms-and-environment http://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/basics/ http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/coalvswind/c01.html#.Vj2ZNdIrLIU http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/our-energy-choices/coal-and-other-fossil-fuels/e
nvironmental-impacts-of-natural-gas.html#.Vj2cptIrLIU
http://www.powermag.com/mundra-thermal-power-plant-mundra-gujarat-india-owneroperator-adani-power-ltd/