INDIVIDUAL LEARNING AND BEHAVIOUR

PRESENTED BY-

RASHMI 14GIRISH 18

SAJID 01AJINKYA 12

FORGET THE MIND……

LEARNING

Any relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience

Learning which is temporary is not considered as actual.

We connect event that occurs in sequence

HOW DO WE LEARN ASSOCIATION

CHARACTERISTICS

Involves change Is relatively permanent Some form of experience is required

for learning It is life long process

DETERMINANTS

MOTIVE Generalization

Retention Rein-

enforcement

THEORIES

Classical Conditioning

Operant Conditioning

Social learning

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

Given by Russian psychologist “Ivan Pavlov”

Process of relating two stimuli It was experimented on dog by a him

Lightening

Thunder

Unconditioned Response

Unconditioned Stimulus

Conditioned Response

Conditioned Stimulus

Ivan Pavlov

OPERANT CONDITIONING Given by Harvard Psychologist “B.F. Skinner” Based on notion that behavior is function of

its consequences, which may be POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE

It is the process of modifying behavior through the use of POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE consequences following specific behaviors

Pulling candy machine lever

Delivery of candy bar

B. F. Skinner(1904-1990)

E. L. Thorndike

External influences,not internal thoughts

& feelings, governbehavior.

External influences,not internal thoughts

& feelings, governbehavior.

Skinner elaborated on Thorndike’s

Law of Effect“Rewarded behavior is likely

to reoccur”

Using Operant Conditioning,

individuals are more likely to repeat

rewarded behaviors

PUNISHMENT

Punishment is a term used in operant conditioning

It refers to any change that occurs after a behavior that reduces the likelihood that, that behavior will occur again in future

While positive & negative rein-enforcement are used to increase behaviors, punishment is focused on reducing or eliminating unwanted behavior

Problems With Punishment• Behavior is not forgotten - merely suppressed

(may reappear in other situations)• P does not guide toward acceptable behavior

(doesn’t tell you what you should do)

Problems With Punishment• Behavior is not forgotten - merely suppressed

(may reappear in other situations)• P does not guide toward acceptable behavior

(doesn’t tell you what you should do)

SOCIAL LEARNING

It is acquired by observing the model whom we admire Parents Teachers Peers Superiors

4 PROCESSES OF INFLUENCE

Attention

process

Retention

process

Motor reproduction process

Rein-enforcement process

Thank You