Download - Individual learning and behaviour
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INDIVIDUAL LEARNING AND BEHAVIOUR
PRESENTED BY-
RASHMI 14GIRISH 18
SAJID 01AJINKYA 12
FORGET THE MIND……
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LEARNING
Any relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience
Learning which is temporary is not considered as actual.
We connect event that occurs in sequence
HOW DO WE LEARN ASSOCIATION
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CHARACTERISTICS
Involves change Is relatively permanent Some form of experience is required
for learning It is life long process
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DETERMINANTS
MOTIVE Generalization
Retention Rein-
enforcement
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THEORIES
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Social learning
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CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
Given by Russian psychologist “Ivan Pavlov”
Process of relating two stimuli It was experimented on dog by a him
Lightening
Thunder
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Unconditioned Response
Unconditioned Stimulus
Conditioned Response
Conditioned Stimulus
Ivan Pavlov
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OPERANT CONDITIONING Given by Harvard Psychologist “B.F. Skinner” Based on notion that behavior is function of
its consequences, which may be POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE
It is the process of modifying behavior through the use of POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE consequences following specific behaviors
Pulling candy machine lever
Delivery of candy bar
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B. F. Skinner(1904-1990)
E. L. Thorndike
External influences,not internal thoughts
& feelings, governbehavior.
External influences,not internal thoughts
& feelings, governbehavior.
Skinner elaborated on Thorndike’s
Law of Effect“Rewarded behavior is likely
to reoccur”
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Using Operant Conditioning,
individuals are more likely to repeat
rewarded behaviors
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PUNISHMENT
Punishment is a term used in operant conditioning
It refers to any change that occurs after a behavior that reduces the likelihood that, that behavior will occur again in future
While positive & negative rein-enforcement are used to increase behaviors, punishment is focused on reducing or eliminating unwanted behavior
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Problems With Punishment• Behavior is not forgotten - merely suppressed
(may reappear in other situations)• P does not guide toward acceptable behavior
(doesn’t tell you what you should do)
Problems With Punishment• Behavior is not forgotten - merely suppressed
(may reappear in other situations)• P does not guide toward acceptable behavior
(doesn’t tell you what you should do)
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SOCIAL LEARNING
It is acquired by observing the model whom we admire Parents Teachers Peers Superiors
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4 PROCESSES OF INFLUENCE
Attention
process
Retention
process
Motor reproduction process
Rein-enforcement process
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Thank You