INDIAN INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION 1916-18-PRBSIDBNT.

Sir T. H. HOLLAN 0, KC.S.I., KC.i.E., D.So., F.R.S.

MBM8BR.S.

M~. ALFRED CHATTERTON, C.I.E., B.So., F.C.G.I." A.M.I.C.E., M.I.M.E.

The Hon'ble Sir FAZ'uLBHOY CU~RIMBHOY EBRAHIM, Kt., C.B:E.

", "- -. . -. " -~.

.. '. " f·" .. ',_ , : -. .

Copies of the Appendices in f~oiscap si;e e~ ~a procur~d . IltD. the -. Superintendent,' Gov.ernment Pri,ntiBS~' I~ci.ia. ,1Clutta, at Re. 'I -.aoh. . '. '. ' . , , . , ~

" '. . ,~ '. r~ ______ · ....... -="~·' ... -. --The RighfHon1ileS;~-HORACE CURZON PLUN· .. . KETT, P.C., D.C.L .• LL.D .• F.R.S., K.C.V.O.

The Hon'ble Sir FRANCIS HUGH STEWART, Kt., M.A., C.I.E. - . ., - ,

Sir DORABJI JAMSETJI TATA. Kt., J.P.

SBCR.8T.tRy.

Mr. R. D. BELL, I.G~S. •

JOINT SB~8TAR.Y.

Mr. G. H. W. DAVIES, I.C.S .•

vo. ,.2.' ~ll/t /,,-J .' ,.\ "::>

·s-t

Indian .Industrial Commission ---'191'6-18 -:----

REPORT

CALCUTTA St'PEIW'TENDE.'I1' GOVERnn:l'o"T PIUNTIN~. INDU

1818

Agents for the Sale of Books Published by the

Superintendent of Government Printing, India, Calcutta.

D JIUBOl'JI.

OORtEI'fS-OP BEPOBT.

Ilil'IBOnuClORY.

API • P , .... jI-....... .,0.. __ _

" _ ..... p., P

PEt .. H ....... , U Md' b .. ...,

~ .. 1.1~11 • •

~ .. ltl.,·18 • - ..... eoa,. .. ......,. • Sf m .-..... __ .......... par 3 ' p. '- -Ael:wwkda e.. . S an. '" ~

CIIAPRB L

Imw.~P_ ... P L

• .t, JloIa?heI ' P - ___ .. 1 __ : __

~-""..a-. .. a. Ii ................ _.

I, 1IoudlJ" _pi&alb.· le.e , . ...-.............. .... 1,)1""" ............ _,

•

• ~rll ___ .. J.-- .. _,.... _ ~ lie'

171. !!p ................... ~ .....

Sou In '1, cam.- ua T .....

ILDi-*1" S' 100M ................ II. TIle .... ...., II.- ~ ,

0'

It.. 00J0 PIa • , .. TIle j-do t· )

.1a.Ia-.... ,.. ... ,s. ........ ~J.Iioa ....... ;. ). If: e l ., ...... 5' .' __ ILS-........... _

i

3-4 ..... 15 ......

• .,

• .....

CHAPTER I!-CD!I/d.

SOMB INDUSTRIAL ORRTRES AND DI8TBIOTs--contd.

PARA. BMnlJag.

19. Tr&d. and commwiications 20. The ootton industry. • 21. Labour in tho ootton mills • 22. Other indU9trica 23. Sea trade • l!4. Share taken by Indians in Bombay tr&d.

Ph< Bengal Ooal FWd.

~ 25. The Bengal ooal field •

26. Methods of working • 27. Labonr on tho coal field 28. The R.ngal Iron and Steel Company 29. Th. Tata Iron ~nd Steel ComJ1any 30. Engincaring works

Ph< DewsnOotlon Tra".

'SI. The'Decca.n ootton tract

3t. Th. jute diatricta

Ph< Pm Di8/ri()/8 0' Norlf>.E .. ,lnd;'"

33. Growth of the tea induatry 34. Labour on the tea. gardena •

Indigo in Bihar.

36. Indigo in Bih ..

Ph<.Be.il..., and GoomuM1Il Woruiopl.

38. Th. railway workshops

37. Labonr in tho railway workshops 38. Government workshops

... . ,,~

Jlof_ DilIribIIIi.., 0 ........

39. Delhi • 40. Labonr in til. De1hi mills •

JlofUMil Jlan_'"".';.., ('ml.u.

~1.C.wnporo

do Labonr.1n Cawnporo •

•

PAO ..

14 18

15-16 16

16-17 17-18

18 18-19 19-20

20 20-21

21

21-22

22-23

26-27 27

lIII-49 29

CHAPTER D-«meIt1 .

SOlla Ilrn1lIl'1'R' .... OBllTDll8 AwDA>IBTBror&-cmrdd,

OlllMlndtulrial 0_ ...

'8. OtberlnclQltria! ""n_

"' AgrIoultural dOlOription fS. Foraoto 46. Or8ollilod incln,trloo •

,

'7. Small ond oottage Indnotrl .. ". LOok 01 ooal -

CHAPTER JIL

~" ~ I'OB 1lrn1l8TBlllll .

.AgricvIIvraI Prod_.

f9. AgrIoultural prodno," u • baaiJ lor IndllltriOl. oottoR • 150. Sngaroan. 81. Fibre cropo other tbon ootton ~OU_ •

5S-M. IIIc100 ODd '-'her-

l1li. Indio', mlneroI .......... &8. HIoo 11'1. Comen' and po*", S& Qt... a. Baltp .....

,-150. The _, ODd ftIn. 01 th. Go .......... , f_

. .

\ .

PI-aBo , 211-30

3().-..'I1

31 31-32 32-33

33

37.-38 38 39

~

81.81. I_pie" _ mod. 011_............ *-4lI

83. N~', 01. link w-.- ....... h .Dd.............w oxp\oi~OD D-43 M. ...uu. .. donlopo 1ndnRrI .. depODdon' OD Iorool produ." . ~

6&-88. B_ 01 oorreo' m",odo 01 pionoorlnil "-411 It. Oanolpejope • .'. • • &5

B& N~'1 01 p1 ... &oIIo. • 411-48 -,et. IndIt.a ~ ODd &heir donlopmanl 'IQ. Worltollladru PIoharioo Doputmeol n.~\a_plQ"'"

'II. 00000luI0M • III

• •

CHAPTER IV.

IJm1JSTBUL D.PlOIDOIBS OY unr.. PABA.

73. Inoompleten ... of India'. industrial equipment 74. QaUBel of defioieDeie. • 75. The Indian iron and st .. llndus!ry

.78. Imports of machinery 77. Shyneea of oapite.1 for mOdern enterprises generally 78. Deficiencies in industrial system . ' '19. Deficiellciea in manufactured materials- I

(a) Meta1a (h) Chemicola

(e) Vegetable and anima! producto • 80. pther deficieDei .. 81. Deficienci .. in the produ.tion of articl .. 82. Dangers of deficienci .. 83: -Suggeoted mnedi.. •

CHAPTER V.

unllSTBIBS AlO) AGBIatJJJr1JBB.

84. Import&uce of agricultura1 improvement 85. Poasibiliti .. of improved agrieultura1 methode

88·87. S.ope for machinery in Indian "agriculture • , 88. Irrigation by meoham.a! methode .

89. Inoree.sed yields to be obtained from sugarcane oultivation 90. Improvements in oil extraction' . 91. Efleoto of &gtieultura1 improvamento on industries 92. Co.operation between Departmento of Agriculture and IndUBtries

CHAPTER VL

POWBB. . '.

93. Position of India in respect of power anppliea 94. Coal 96. Wood fuel 96. Oil and a1oohol 97. Wmd power 98. Water power

99. N_ty for hydrographic BUrVoyB • • • , 100. ReoaoDl why Goyer.oment ahould under&ab this work'

CHAPTER VII.

TID 1JmUB" Dr JlID17lmIIlI8.

"

10L The ohare taken hy diJJeJent .J ..... of JndiaDlIn Indootri&I develop­ment

102. ExoaptioD&l pooitioJrin Bombey • 103·104. The -.Iuii movement

i ..

PAGIL 49 49

49-50 50-61

51 51-52 62--/;4

52-53 53-54

54 64

/S4-55 55-55

66

67 67_ _511

511-61 61-62 ,62

. 63

63

64 64-66 66-G6.

66 87

67_ 08--80 _70

71-72 7~3

73-74

. CllAPTEB vm.

106.Jllitol'7 of _t Go_ent polioy of incIuatriaJ devolopmont loe. UDlIod l'roTiDoeo 107. M&dru

ICJ8.I09. Elloot of Lord Morlo,.a doopatoh of 1910 on indumial po\loy •

110. Bubaoquont .hlatol'7 of Govonunont aotIon Ill. InduatrIaI.......,. •. '-

PABa. 75-78 78-77 77-78 78-8It 80-82

82

To OU'YJ8A'l"lOB oW' 8oiuimo DID T.cJDIIOAIIi SDVlDU DD

.... PacmIIo. w. RIIDaOIl Won III llmu dD Amu>£D.

IiI. E:da6IDa poaItion of _h work in lDdia • 118. Soien6l8a od'l'ioe loll _tial ~ to cI8nIopment 11" a-roh on ngeUt.bJe pIOd_ ." 111. Rooaona why 6ho ...,.,.m, om of ~ devoJvoa upon G....mment

118·111. E:da6IDa Jaok of orpniIatlon in 6ha lOientili. oem-

83 M

~6

8S-86

88-87 118. ClyoI.·.tion of aoientill. olJ1oen-

(0) Tho aoIonoe .. 6ha bond I 6ha Geologioal Survey • 87 88

(6) AppJIOltion of ooie_ .. the bond: the Agrio~urol ODd J' .... De~enta

1111. Ell .. , of oyIIema of "' ...... ti.n on LooaI GoV1Il"IUI1_ ll1O. Alpmenta in faTOur of oIaaailIOItion wi6h 6ho eoieaoo .. 6ha bond In. Propoaod orpniIati.n for loll IndI.n Chomioal Berviee" 122. RoorDIt.men' ODd ...... of _

ua. H." eftoot IhoaJd be &I ..... 10 l'IOOII1IIlundationa • 1M. OIpDIoatIon of 6ha other ooien6I8a depart.muta • 1& l\eJatIona of aoien6l8a 081_ wi6h 6ha Ed1KlMlon Departmen' 1M. PooIdon of aoientill. om-....u., under LooaI Go __

117. B·""nm bet".. ~ omo.. &ad iDcl ' "!ieM ua. Looatlon of _h inatitut.- •

1 .. 00natI"'1iGa of the IncIian Inati"''' of Saienoe lao. Colo far opooI.' .... -.II _"'leo .

~A""""

l:U·IU. J:IaD&en of roJ,yinc on .-.roll""""'" • 138. Spaoial_ in "hieh probloaJl _ be memd .hl-ood

CllAPTEB X.

88-110

90-91 91-82 I12-tI 9~'

"" _96 9.818 96-07 "

• 07-100 100

• 190-101 • 101-10:1

'. 10II-.J3 100

136·135. a-why lDdia did ..... _ ill iDIl.-aI ... Iioa of _ II>I-Illii 138-137. R_, _pta 10 impro .. tooJuUt.I od_tioa ia lDdia • " • 100-11111 ,

hmUS1'BlAL AlfD -T:scmtteu.L EDUOATIOll'-$Dn It

P",TmioaI ScholM.hip" A!woad.

138. Institution of State teclmical oeholarabipa for stndy abroad 139. Dotoe'" in aystem

140·141. Lateat mI .. for State teclmical oehoJanhipa ab<oad

Primtzrr Ed_ .... ollJtdtutritil Cl4Hu.

142. Noceuity of primary eduoation for labonring en-

OoUag.11liJ1ulriu.

143, History 01 industrial .. hoola

144. RecommendatiollB 01 the Commission 145. Control 01 industrial oehoola

(kganued Intlw'r'

P&G .. • 105-107

107-108

• 105-109

• 109-110

• 110-111 • 111-112

112

146. Ge\lOJ'a.l' principle" aJI~ the training 01 men for organi.oed· industries • 112-113

147. Classification of industriesior pnrposee 01 training 148 Diflerent clasaea 01 training required 149. Training 01 artieaDa • 160. ItaiJIi.ng the atetne 01 artieane 151. TraiDing of foremen: exiatiDg arrangemente 152. Training of foremen: propcaaJs 01 the Commission

PM P""ni., 01 M ..n-i<alll1lf/l ......

153. Publio Works Department collag .. and ochoola

154. De!octe of Indian 'ystem 01 firaiDing engiDO<\11l

155. Neceesity 01 providing for industrial developmente 155.157.~Syatem recommended in England for training meobaDical engineero

Iii&. PropoeaJa 01 the Commission for training .... banioal engineero 159. l'urtbor training of mecbamc ...... gi ...... in specialoubi_ •

Ptd&Mlogi<al P,a''''.,. • 160. ExpaDSiolrol OngIneeriDg ooHegee into technological ioatituteo 161. Imparial engineering oollegeo foreebtldowed • 162. Scientific.aDd teoImicaJ -reti.. .

7'.'" YieIGria JtdnJu Ptd&ni<all..,....,., l/oabaf.

• 113-115 • 115-116

115-117 117

115-119 • 119-r20 ,

• 120-121 • 121-122

122 ~. 123-114 . 124

.• 1_1t11

.1_126 UG

.12&-127

163. Propoecd utilisation 01 engi-nng claeeee to oupplamom workshop training • 127-1211

164-165. T .. hnoIogioal....-: two y_ pnctioU _ zecommopc\ed 128

ft

OHAPTEB x-.... cld. , INlJU8'l'WAL AlfD 'l'JDCBWlOAL EDVCATIOH-:-COtICld.

166. MiDiug eduoatlon I emtlng pOeition -. (m) Sihpur College OOU1'8Ol

(b) EveDiug o!&u .. on the ooa! field. 167. Recont propoeall for Improvement • 168. Ineuffiolenoy of evebing oI&ueo aa 0010_ m0&D6 of jnotructlon

169·171. Loo.tlon of the propoed ochool of min .. 172 Tho propoood &kohl ochoollor metallurgica! training

Jli .. e/la ...... E_ionGll'roJ>oaal!. , 173. Navigetlon and marine enginear!ng • '

17'-1711. Commoroia! education

, .

176. The proviaion 01 teach"", for Induetrial and technioai eduaatlnn

2'M COIII,oI oJ 2'd"icaI mod 1114",'riaI E~

171. Argumenll for oontrol by Department of Eduaation 17S. Argumenll for oontrol by Department of Indnetri .. ' 179. Necouity for Imperial .WtIng olli..", , •

CHAPTER XL

ISO. Ohjeoll of a Commoroia!Intolligenco Department. • lSI. !1ecooeity for collootlo;' of ototiatlCl by upart agonot • lSi. Collection of .totl.tI .. and information by provilloial agoDOl

P .. a" 129 129 130 130

130-131 131-133

183

133 • 188-136 • 136-138

IS8 ISS-IS? 137-13S

139 188-140

14.0 183. Control of Department of Commeroial and IndDltrial Intelli8enOi • 140-1'1 IS&. Specla! olliooro for Calcutto and Bombay 141 1811. l40thod In "hlob .tetiatiOl and information mould be dealt with I>y

Imperial_, • 1'1-1" 186. Stotiatl .. of produotlOll and employment 14.8 18'1. GtmenlIUllUDarY of pIOpoeala. .' • 14:1-1" 188. Cn>p _ '. I~

189. The Indlan Tr.de ""mm1wl.,.....1n LoDdon • 1_1" I!IO. Indian Ind. re...-",tI_ abroad • 1" 191. Th. "Indian Tr.d. JoumaI." 1_1'7

CHAPTER XlL

00,,_ ~ or 8rous.

IIli. FaUu ... of omtIng ruho to ....... local parohue 10 ad"'l_ ""len, 14.8-14.9 llli. Laak of local inopectlng _y . 14.9 194. Change roqulnd in oyMm of purohoa U9 IIIG. JIelaIive ad ...... """" of ....... aDd _kaIioed ~ of pwclouo I_ItO IIIG. AppoinbD ... , of uperi ...... mill .. propcad • UiO-11i1 197. Na&un of Ill ..... ~ •• • lal-ISI 186. lm~ of all"" iDopeotiDa.. • 163-161

'Iii

OlIAPTEB xnt.

1ge. Diffioultiea of indl1ltrialooncm.. in aoqllirinB land lKIO. C- where a willing transferor;' p18vented by law from paooiDg a

olsar ti&1o • 154-166 201. Proposal for compa1aory declaration of righ18 objectionable • 166 202. Aoquisition by Government on bohalf of an induatrial oonoern nnder

lIOOtion 40 of Land Aoquisition Aot •. • 165- 156

CHAPTEB XIV.

TBammw. AssurrAlJOB TO Im>VIIl"BD8 BY GovJounon<T.

!(203. Beaao .. for adopliog in IDdia • policy of cIi-' 0IBi.HaDce to , indumialiota • 167

204. Diffiouitiea experienoed by IndiI!Il indunria1iato • 167-159 206. Mea.uiDg of" pioD88l'ing" an4 Ii demonstration" . • 169-180 206. Divisioll of iudust,riea into (I oottage," II amall_org&Diled" and U I&rge

org&DiIed .. induatrieo • UfO-161 207. Help to cottage induatrieo • • 161-162 206. Help to large org&DiIed indoRri.. 162 209. Help to omoJ) orglll!hled induatrieo 161 ;l10. Initiation of.....n induatria1 nnderiU:inga • ' 163

211..J[aintenanoe of oman induatriaI undertaJdoga .' 163-166 212. IDduatrieo of national importance 164-166 a13. Orgauiaation required by Gov_ent to fuI6l the above dnti.. 166 214. l'nnotio ... of Imperial Government 166-166

CHAPTEB XV.

MuioIlLLD'BOVI PODrTB 01' GoVJllLlOlDT L6.w .DD PBA01"IO • ..... MJiDU 1lrD~

216. Look of polley • 216. N..- of induatrieo which ohoald be adnpted in jaill

217. J'ood,~nd drogo 1111. Raw prodnoo • 2UI. 00rtificUe0 of quality S2Q.~

'.

• '.

TAo ..t __ oj lAo ll<>ikr aM Pri _ __ "'.

22L Dl_ty o£ practice in .. ...,... p1"01'inoeo 222. Beoom .. ...-o ... of the Commjul ....

9liI

167 107-168

168 11l8-189

UIO

1611

170 170-171

MuwBLLUXOV8 PODTS O:r GovOlfMlIlI'l' LAw dD Pa&O'l'lCB . A:rJ'BCTIlfG .INDUSTB1B8-COnU.

P ...... 228. OrItIoimLo of uiaUag roloo. • _ • 224. lnorouod.taft to iuIpeot Govonun.n' oOllOOllione NOOmm.ndod 221. BlmplifloaUon of miniag 1 ..... propoeed _ 221. DlffioulUeo iD aoquiriag minora! rlghto

127. Iilmna maDuala mish' be prepo.zed iD...t&in pnmnooo'

2'Ac AciMit&NIroIioII oJ 1M B/ecIriciIr Ad.

PAGB

171 -

. 171-172 172 172 173

228. Adm!ni.m.tIon of Ia" and roloo. • • • 173-174 229. E1eotrl. lnepeoton Ihould be UuofemId to the Deparimem of

Indnotrioo ' • • '_ : 174

280. P •• n. . B .... ""'ioto qf 2'fYJIle JIG"".

281. ResiatraUon of TrW Harb

~ qf P_ ... ~ip'.

232. Obotaoloo iD the way of lesWMIon 281. ReoommendaUoni of the Commillion •

B ........ Ii .. qf_S-.

lIM. BesJatraUon of Bno1n_ Nem. •

ClIAPTEB XVL

Tn W ......... ow l',..,.on LooUL

, S36-1SG. N ...... 01 problem 13'1. EduoaUon of laotorr ohildno J38. Coadilio .. of bouiag iDdadrial1abou iD India

..

138. GODVaI pro~ IOpIdiDa bouiag of iDdadrial1aboar

B,..."'., b/flr ....... :hO. N.-I" for opooiaI aotIoa in _ of Bomba, Ci"

141-1&1. CoadiIioM ..... "bIob Ia ...... II 10_ in BombaJ en, ua. u.Uon of th4t..u.. . ~ 'rho BombaJ Impro_em Tr.- . • .,. . a.& Bqpoted _00 for deaIias .ith.... '1.. illBombaJ a"

."'·147. Tba _ for _ ...,.u.a OOIIIpaIIiDa to _pIoyeta

175-176

176

• 176--177 • 177-178

I7ti,

• 17~I80 • 180-181 • 181-182

181

1113 • 183--186

186

us. Roopoaoibili" for &be lunci.,. of indUOUial dwt!IIiap ill Bombay . ~I. a-_ ..... 1OpIdiDa •• '.'oIioa ill -baJ a"

Iz

CHAPl'ER XVI-conld.

Tu ~BLJ'ABB 01' FAOTOBY LABoUR-comd'.

G ...... MtaIVU. PAllA.

262. Factory hours 263. Improvement of publio health

)164. Genoral wolf ..... work

CHAPTER Xvn.

eo.",AOB bmu_

266. Present position of oottage induatri .. 266 •. Hand-loom w,!"ving • -267. Metal working • I- • 268. Soriculturo and Bilk weaving 269~ Dyeing 260. Suggested remedi .. f~r dofoota of ~nt position 26!. Training of maater workmen

•

262. Finaflcial aaaiotanoo to oottage wOrkers •.

263. Arti.tio ind""tri .. ~64. The provision of marketa for produota of cottage induotri ..

CHAPTER XVIII.

PAOB.

190 190-191 191-192

1lIS-IB4 104 104

104-196 196

193-106 19~197

107 197-198 198 ... ,:199 .

Co..QPBBATlOlJ ~B BILtLL AIm CorrAO. bmU8'1'Bll8.

265·286. Present position or ... operative elIort with regard 10 oo,tage ind ... tries • 200-201

267-268 SuggestiODB regarding futuro policy • 101-202 269. FunotiODB of Director of 1nd1l8tri.. • 2OS-203

CHAPTER XIX.

bmUftBDII ABD TlwrIl1'OII'l".

2'10. Eftoo' of raiI ... y rates on I';dian in_.. • 271. GoDoraI ... uroe of _0 .Dd ita elIeot on rail ... ,. polio,. 271. Noceoaity for .. change iD rate fiDtiOD poIioy 273. Other eftoolll of incIividnaliHic rail ... ,. policy on rateO 274. The ooogeoUon of indn.mial ceD""," 2711. Eff .. , of propooed policy .. applied to importa 278. lIiaoelIaneouB dilIioulti .. of iDdll8tri.liat.

. 277. Repreaentation of indtl8trial intereeta witb Oovemment of Jodi. 27&}lo .. far indiridual ooooeoaiu .. ohoald be given 10 iDduome. • 27\1. Watert.raoopon ..

204

• :!04-205 • 203-206 .206-207

207 !07 !07

• 207-208 108

• 208-209

:AlI.l.

ISO. AUitude of IncIiaa oapitollowuda bulumial anderIakiDga 181·288. Capitol in tho mofuloil

S84.. Capital in Prooide""7 low .. 185. Tho IIDanoIal cIilBoult.ioo of tho ....an induatrialiat; ~ 185. Summ"'1 of poait.ion •

187. Indumial baJ>b

i.> ..... 210

• 210-212 • 21l1-213

213

• 21l1-21i

II' 288. Indumial baJ>b in Germany ud Jap&ll • 21'-215

281.291. Ind11ltrial baJ>b: their poooibilit.ioo for tho oooiatanoo of iDdllltriol. 21~17 29t. Appointment of ""port oommittoe propoeed • 117

ou..r JI_1o ".,.;rJe ".otoeiol ,GtJJiliU. 293. Pro_on of .urnnt _ for middi<o-oU indootri&Uato • 217-219 2M. Cirownltano .. ht whioh Government lbwloial oooiatanoo may he

giVOD 10 I&rge induatrial nndertakinge • 219-220 29G. Natnro 01 GOYOI'IUDent liDancial uaiatanoe 10 I&rge iodumiaI under-

\akIngL 220 296. Go\'"erument IUporviaiOD ill wab C8IIeII •

297. Appointment of Govenunent diJeo~ 293. Raiains of .. pital lor aided oompanieo

. ,

198. Undertakinge by oompani .. in ooDlidorat.ion lor .-lata .....

"

\

220 2!1 221

221 aoo. Enler!>d- in oompetit.ion with lonigD 00_ . 221

1Ill.aot. Speoial ....... mend&t.ioDi rogardiDg Government lo&Do 10 .....u and

DOt,"", indllltriol • 221-222

CHAPTER XU • PaOYllfCUL DllPa.:biiDfii O. IJm1J8Dla

102.ao&. JI"".pilolat.ioa of pnTio ... propooalo • • 223-224 SUII. S ...... of Imperial and L<Ical Go_en. in indumiaI potiaJ • 22'-215 aoo. Vi on of provincial Dopanmo. of lnd...... . 225 128 10'1. RelatioDi of Dopanm .. , .. JndutriOo with _ depuimeDIB • U6-22'1 aos. Propooalo lor • Baud of JndIIItrioI • Ul-228 aoe. C-pooitioa and ~ ..... Baud 228

110. Poym_ of ................ Baud for "*'""Dg IDrtinp 228 IlL QnNi6aet.ioDl of ~ .. ~ • ISS 2211, III. Relat.ioDl of Dinootor with L<Ical Gonnlmoat • I5-I3Il Ill. SoI&rr" Diroolior of ~ • • 130 131 II .. Saloriooanddot.ieoof __ ..... IIep&rtoaem .. I ... I io ..

Dopety DirooUD lSI II:\, .IIIdootrial....p- , lSI III. Cham.. . 131 111. CUoIo _ •

. 318. I.....,·C IlC. __

- 1111. bbulor *'_ .. of ..... d

• 131-J31 -I3i

CiIAPTER-XxU. Alr hoPlIBIAL DBP.,.TIOIRT 0 •. IlmV8'l'Blll&

PAR&. PAO ••

320·321. Degree of respollllibiJity attacmng to Imperi&1 Government for tho induatria\ ,POIioy of the oountry • 233-235

322. N""";ty for .. Boord of Industri.. ' • 236 323. Relations between Member in cha.rge and the Boord • 235-236 324. Functions of Imperia.! Department of Indnstri.. • • 23&-238 325., Duti .. and qUalilioatioDB of memboN of· tho Indian Indnstri ..

Boord • 236 336. 8&Iarieo ODd ... pollllibiJitieo of tho memboN • 327. SooIetory to the Board 328, Location of tho Board 329. Noc88llity for .. Finauoial Advisor

.330·332. Organisation for .......,.mg out tho work of tho department

333. Argumenta for Ol'O&tlug an Imperi&1 Indnatrial Service • "334. The Imperi&1 Induetrial Servico •

• 23&-239 239 239

• 236-240 • 240-242 • 24Z-243

243 336. Possible oubaequent alteration in tho nature of tho work of tho-

departmout • " : 243-244 336. Speoia.\ tempo"...,. moaaulOB roqWrod 244 337. Noc88IIity for tr&iniug Ibdiauo 244

CHAPTER XXDI.

338. Scope ODd baais of eatim .. te

'1''''- ImperiDl D~ 0/1-".

339. Tho Member in charge 340. Tho IudiaD. IuaDOtrieo Boord 341~ Audit and oooounta •

, Bub.,a.-_ Dep<Jrlm_.

342. Subordinate cIop_outa 343.,0001081 and minerala 34!l. Bait. 345. Commercial and Induatria\ Intollige .... 348. B_ 347. Purchuiug _ (Bto ... ) 348. Iuapoctiug _ (Stano)

349. Tho Toating Houoo ... AJipore 350. P_tieo of doceutraliaation 361. Inoideuoo of ooat 1152. IndDOtriaI edDO&tien • 363. E1octrioity: hydropaphio aurvo;ya •

.

'.

.854.. Ordnanoe factories and iMpaction of ordnanee manufaotol'Ol • 355. Chemical _reb, 356. Imperi&1 f ... tori .. for _h and _olUllration.

• 245-246

246

• 24&-247 • 247-248

•

248 248

• 24&-249 249-21!O

• 250-251 • 2111-252

211! 2112

• ~2-2S3 :1;;3-

• 258-254 • 2Il4-25G

21'>6 25."J-.2.~6

lIioG

CHAPTER. XXIII-conld.

, ProlJinoial DOJ>IW'''''''' o/Ind ... lriu. •

PABA. - P"OB. 857, Headl of expenditure , 256-257 858, AcImlnIatretion and oontrol , 267-258

850·868. Toohnloa.1 andlnd1lltrial eduoation • 258-.26~ 864. Ezperimenta and domonatretiona • 26~2M 365. ProfOOBIow advloe and aulatanoe to 1ooa.1 Induatrl.. 2M 866. Grant of 10ana and the luporvillon and inlPOOtiOD -of rura.\ Indllltri .. 2M-265 . 867. lDBpootion of f .. torlOl and Iteam boilerl ' • • 265-265 868. Oollootion of oommarolal and Indllltrlallnto1ligono. . 266 869, Purebalo of atorel 266

OGpilalB",...,iluN-{A) $1CO.........w 8oAemu,

870. IndUltrialoohooli 871. Toohnologloa.1 inI¥tlltOl • '. 871. TrainIng of moohanloa.1 .ngin .... 873. Worklhopl and laboratori ... _i11 to DIrootor'. olBo ..

Oapi/GI.I",...,iI..,..;..{B) P .... "bI. BcAemu.

87&. POIIIibl. oohom ..

S-ma,., " HIIi_

8711. SIlJIlIIlU')' of OItim.too

CHAPTER. XXIV.

CONCLUSION

Non n u. HOlI' .... P .... _ JI. II, 1I.&Lt.'ft'l ..

"

• 266-267 267 lIOB 268

• 268-269

• 1169-272

.278-289

290-291

• 29!-35Ii

INTRODUCTORY.

The Indian Industrial Commission was aEPointed by the Govern­ment of India by order conve:r.ed in Resolution

Appointment and conllllu- No 3403 <Industries) dated the 19th May 1918£ tlon 01 the Oomlllialon. .' , m the Department of Commerce and Industry,

the full text of which is reproduced as AppendIx A-I. The Commission was .. inlltructed to examine and report upon the possibilities of further industrial development in India and to submit ita recommendations with special referenoe to the following questions :-

.. (a) whether new openings for the profitable employment of Indian capital in oommerce and industry can be indicated ;

(b) whether and, if so, in' what manner, Governm~t oan usefully give direct enoouragement to industrial development- .

, <i) by rendering technicl\l advice more freely available; (it) by the demonstration of the practical possibility on a

oommercial. aoale of particular industries ; (tit) by aftording, directly or indirectly, financial assistance

to industrial enterprises; or (itl) by any other means which are not incompatible with the·

existing fiaoal policy of the Government of Indil\." _ _ In addition to the exolusion of the tariJI question from the aoope

of the Commission's enquiries, it was also stated to be unnecesaary­for it to undertake the examination of th088 aspects of technical ana industria1 education which had recently been dealt with by the ~tkinaon­Dawson Committee, appointed in 1912 to enquire into the means of bringing technical institutions into oloser touch with employers of labour in India, and by the Morieon Committee which reported to the ~eoretary of State in 1913 on the system of State technical acholarshipa established by ~e Government of India in 19M.

The Commi88l0n was composed of the 'following~Members:-(1) Sir T. H. Holland, K.c.I.B., D.~, F.R.S., Presiden' of the

I nstitntion of Minin& Engin~ra:. (President.) (2) Mr. Alfred Chatterton, c.I.B., B.So., 11'.0..0.1., A.M.I.c.E.,

M.I.M.E •• DiJootor of Industries and Cnmmeroe in Myaon. (3) The Hon'ble Sir Fuulbhoy Currimbhoy Ebrahim. Kt .• Mema.

Cnnimbhoy Ebrahim and Company, Bombay. (4).Mr. Edward Hopkinson, M.A., D.So.. M.I.o..E.. M I M K •

M.U:.E., Managing Director, M--. Mather and ~ Ltd.. Manchester. and Vice-Chairman, Chloride Electrio Sionge. Ltd.

- -(5) The Ho n'ble Mr. C. E. Low, -C.I.E., I.C.S., Secretary to the

- Government of India, Department of Commerce and Indus-try.

(6) The Hon'ble Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya, B.A., LL.B., 'of Allahabad.

(7) The Hon'ble Sir Rajendra Nath Mookerjee, K.C.I.E., Mesars. Martin and Company; Caloutta. •

(8) The Right Hon'ble Sir Horace Curzon Plunkett, P.C., D.C.L., , LL.D., F.R.S .. K.C.V.O.

(9) The Hon'ble Sir F. H., Stewart, Kt., M.A., C.I.E., Messrs. Gladstone Wyllie and Company, Calcutta, President, Bengal

. Chamber of Commerce. (10) Sir Dorabji Jamsetji Tata, Kt., J.P., Mesars. Tata, f30ns and

CompaIlY, Bombay. Secretary.-Mr. R. D. Bell, I.C.S.

Unfo~wiately Sir Horace Plunkett was unable to join the Com­mieaion, owing. at first to ill-h~th and subsequently to other duties of high national importanoe. Dr. Hopkinson submitted his resignation . during the-second season's tour, having been debarred under medical advice from coming.out to India in November 1917, thongh during the first year we received great aeaistanoe from the advioe which his range of experienoe both as a manufacturer and as a 89ientist enabled him to furnish. In October 1917, Mr. G. H. W. Davies, I.C.s., was ap­pointed Joint Secretary, as Mr. Bell, whose services had some months previously been transferred to the Indian Munitions Board, could not be spared for the forthcoming tour, thongh he continued to aeaist the Commission by supplying information on various points and afterwards in the preparation of ~e report.

It was arranged that the President shouIil come to India some months . ' before the (){ommission assembled, in order to .0na;::.:.. of lilt acquaint himself with the existing industrial

position. Heamved in India in May 1916 and proceeded to Simla; whenoe, after making preliminary investigations, he lI!;arteq on tollr at the end of June and visited Bengal, Bihar and Orissa, Madras, Bangalore, Bombay, the Central Provinces and the United Provinces, returning to Simla towards the end of September. The scattered information availeble was marshalled in the form of a pre\irninaty note by the President on the scope of the Commission'8 . enqniry, ~and plaoed before the Members at a meeting held in Calcutta in July 1916, when the methode of procedure to be adopted in the formal oollection of evidenoe were diaoueaed and decided. This note is printed as Appendix A-2. . .

At the end of September 1916 we assembled at Simla and prepared . a list of-questions covering, as far as p08Bible, PnpIratiIII,.:.: lilt of the BOOpe of the Commieaion'. enqniry, in order

II to aeaist witneseea in focUSBing their attention 011 those parts of it of which they had speoial knowl~e, or in which

rn

they were speoially interested. Thfs list; as subsequently revised consisted of 113 questions und,!lr 10 main heeds (tJide Appendix A-3).

Our ,enquiry included the personal inSpection of industrial enter-

M'lh d' 1 prises,_the examination / of witnesses, and eOlolnqul'J'di' 'h t' flal SOU8S10ns- WIt represen atlves 0 oc com-

mittees and institutions. We had, also the advantage' of oonferring with the Provincial Industrial Committees which exibted in some pro· viqces and with some of the Local Governments and Administrations. In all we recorded the written statements of 4.72 witnesses, and 342 al'peared before us for -oral examination,'" In deference to the wiehe.. of witncases or from other oonsiderations, it was considered advisable to treat as confidpntial some of the matter brought before. us, and we have IIOcOl'dingly prepared one ':volume of (onfidential evidente. which will not be .. vailablo to the general publio. In view of the fact that the Commission was freely admitted to inspect industrial concerns, and that information, often of a confidential naturo, was placed at our dispOllal on these oooasions, our ipspection notes also will not he pub-Ii.hed. • ' -

Wo met at Delhi on the 26th Ootober 1916, with tho exception of

T' , ,.,. 17 Mr. Low who joined the Commission at Banki-our 0 '. d f k' 'd . h D lh' , pore, an , a ter ta mg eVI ence m t. eel

Province, we visited the United PtOvinces, Bihar and Orissa, Bengal, the Contral PI'ovinces, Madras and Ballgalore. Detsils of our itinerary with a list 01 institutions visited are given in Appendix A-4. In January 1917, in conscquence of the increased difficulties of obtaining from ]~"rope .tores for w"r and essential,purposp.s, the nece.ssity of stinlul,,· t.illg I,ho local ntannflLct.nre of munitions hOCAme a matter of vital illlpurtnllcc. l'akillll Ilt\vllntngc of the experience already gained by t.he Commission, the Government of India summoned Sir Thomas Holland to Delhi at the end of tho month &lid requosted him to organise a nnw dOllartmont for the purpose. This decision-although the result· iug orgauisation was in its final form precipitated by the conditions dovuloped during the war-was welcomed by us as a practical &IItici· pation of many of the conclusions which had been forced upon 118 by evidence that began to repeat itself most strikingly before we reached Madras. For the newly formed Indian Munitions Board, as the central authority controlling .tlle purchase and manufacture of Governmell~ stores and muuitiolls of war, became, in effect, &II experiment on a large scale desigued to test the value of m&llY of our cOllclusioll8 regard­ing not only the manufacturing capabilities of ,the country, bllt aIso regalding the kind of administrative machinery IIIOIlt 8l1it.able 10 rarry out 11Il~ proposals. The Munitions Board is thus our principal witnesa,

• Tbo evideaoe ia printed iD ai.z YOIum_ :-Volume I. DeIhl, UBi''''' Prom... &114 Rib .. aDd 0';_ Volu .... 11. BeapI aDd <'oRval Prorinoeo. -VoI""",ll1. lIadna_ BaDpIore. Volume IV. IIombay. \'01 • .,. V. I'1lnjab, ,,_ Burma aad G_hl. \'01 .... n. l'otUid .. tiaL

and we have had the benefit of ipfllrmation regarding some of its ac~ivi­ties. After 1jJJ.e departure of Sir Thomas Holland from Madras, Sir Francia Stewart acted as President for the remainder of our visit to Southern India. On the conclusion of the tour Messrs. Low, Chatterton and Bell assembled at the office of the Munitions Board to summarise the results of the first year's enquiries.

When the Commission re-assel!lbled on the 7th of Nov~mber 1917,

Tour of 1917-18. Sir Thomas Holland rejoined and presided over our enquiries in the Bombay Presidency.

Pandit MaaBn ;Mohan Malaviya was unable to take part in our SesSiOllS at Bombay, but accompanied us for a portion of the ensuing Punjab"

, tour. Mr. Q4atterton was compelled to be absent during our tour in this province. The Commission afterwards visited i\ssam and Burma. Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya, Sir Fazulbhoy Currimbhoy and Sir D. J. Tata were unable to take part in the Assam tour, and tile two former were also prevented from visiting Burma. As the President had t~ revert to his duties with the Munitions Board after the Bombay tour and was ouly, able to join us for special discussionS on one or two sub­sequent occasions, S"U: R. N. Mookerjee was appointed to act as President of the Commi~on until its re-8l!sembJy at Simla for the preparation of the final report. '

During the tour the personnel of the Commission was strengthened by the inclusion of an officer with local knowledge in each province, nOl;ninated by the Local Government to help in our enquiries, and co­opted by the Commission. The following gentlemen, to whom onr thanks for their ready help are due, aasiated in our proceedings :-

(1) Mr. G. A. Thomas, I.C.S., §ecretary to Government, Bombay. (2) The Hon'ble Mr. H. J. Maynard, C.S.I., I.C.S., Financial Com-

missioner, Punja».· ' .

(3) The Hon'ble Lieutenant-Colonel P. R. T. Gurdon, C.S.I., I.A., Commissioner, Assam Valley Districts, Assam.

(4) The Hon'ble Mr. H. Thompson, C.8.1.,-1C.S., Financial Com­missioner, Burma.

!n conducting our enquiries and even more so in drafting our report, 1eO,of I we found it impoasible'to treat at length all

PI enqu ry. the very numerous questions involved; and we were compelled to dismiss somewhat briefly many subjects of impor­tsnce, in order to avoid loading our report with a maas of detail which would have delayed its issue very seriously, while not adding materiaJly to its practical usefulness.

Moreover, althongh mnch infonpation of technical and industrial value will be found in the evidence of some of the expert witnesses, onr report is not; intended as an indostrial survey of India, and we have, therefore, concentrated our attention on the machinery which we proposs should be set up to effect industrial, development genetaJly, rather than on the particular industriflOl to be improved, This machi-

nery will, 1Ie believe, do what is needed for all industries, and it would be uselesa for us to attempt to frame detailed .recommendations for whic.h technical enquiries by. experts are required. We have carefully studied tho position of certain important industries and the proposals which have been made for their improvement; but we have used tbe knowledge so obtained as a basis f~ our recollllnendations'f,!r the tech­nical and administrative equipment which Government will require. and for the financial facilities it should provide. In a few cases, however, when we deemed an industry of sufficient importance to deserve special treatment, we have had notes prepared in greater detail: these w1l1 be found as appendices. We have dealt at length with the important questions of the organisation of the scientific and administrative services, with technical education and industrial finance; and have, we hope, worked out a IIOheme which .wilI enable Government to keep in touch with; and assist, industries of all classes, whether domestic or organised. But .the-reader must not expect to find in this report the practical -information which would enable a particular undertaking to be started ; such, for instance, &s would be furnished by an expert when reporting on. the prospects of a.proposed industry. Still less must he regard it as an industrial vade mecum to guide him by short cuts to fortune. Even had we attempted to describe the general principles determining the

, success or failure of any partioular industry, this would still be of no use to the would-be industrialist,. W\,thout knowledge of local details regarding tbe supplies of raw material, the markets for the finisbed article, and the oost of labour, information which it ,"ould be impossible to give in a report of this nature. We hope, however, that in the imperial and provinoial Departments of Industries, when in working order, will be found an organisation for collecting such information.

Wo feel it necessary to refer to tbe' considerable ohange in publio opinion regarding industrial questioll,B brought

Etloet ., tilt ~r III IlUbUo about by the war, a change which we also s,e eplnion '::: lMulirial reflected olearly in the polioy of Government.

We have explained in our reperl;. the deadening effoot produoed by Lord Morloy's dictum of 1910 on the initial attempts made by Government for the improvement of industries; but a change of sentiment was gradually coming about, and a considerable step in advance was mark~d by the appointment of our Commission, with liberty to discuss the question of the direct participation of Govern­ment in the industrial development of the country. Since then, the views of Governm~nt ofoIld of the public bave been further modified IInder the stress of war nooessitiea, which have led to a still more defi­nite adoption of the policy of State partiripation in industrial develop­ment, and to the grant of State assistance to Beveral industrial under­takings, of which the acopa is not in every esse limited fly the possiblo duration of the present war. The working of the. Indian Munitions Roald bas shown several 4IXamples of this policy, and we trust that oare will be takt'D to preserve slloh feat.ures of !.his organisation as are propt>rly adAl't.able t-o peat'tI conditions. We desire bere \0 refer to !.he

extent to which the actiontllken by Gov~nment lind private indus­trialists und~ conditions created by the Will hu assisted us, by furnish· ing actual examples of schemes which ,.e had been contemplating; though some of our conclusions haVQ thns been forestalled, we haVI been enabled to present them with more certainty and completen_ Finally, ~e 1:nay claim that the public discussions called forth-by thl activities of our Commission and the evjdence taken by it have al81 borne their part in this move!Dent, and have led to proposals bei~ put forward or action being taken by Local Governments for the im' provement of technical education, the employment of expw, the crea· tion of official organisations, and assiiltance to individual industries whicb- c1earlr evidence the widespread desire for progress in the direc­tion indicated in our report.

It is OWl pleasant duty gratefully to ncknowledge the gene~1U . assistance and hospitality which we recelVei

Al:knoWItdCnts 01111... from officials and non-officials throughont tilt . course of our work. We wish in particnJar te

record our sense of the help which we received &om representativeJ of the num~oUs industrial firms to whom we applied for advice ani information. We. d~ived much encouragement from their readineBl to place at our disposal the results of their valuable experience. We desire alse to express our thanks to the Local Governm~nt. and Adminis· trations for their cordial co-operation in our en'luirir.s.

We have now ooly to place on record our appreciation ·of the service! of Mr. R. D. Bell, I.C.S., our Secretary, and of Mr. G. H. W. Davies, I.C.S., who joined us as Joint Secretary in October 1917. The formel rendered valuable assistance in working out the detailed lines on whic~ we subsequently conducted o~r work; and his service with the Indian Munitions Board gave him most useful experience which was freel)' placed at our disposal. Mr. Davies, who had previously acted as Secre­tary to the Bengal Pr~vineial Industries Committee, lightene<l ollr I .. bour.{ materially by I,is willing help.