04/11/2023

Prasoon MishraMBAL 10201

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Consumption of Chemical Fertilizers

in India (1975-2012)

WELCOME

Major Advisor Dr. P.K. Mandanna

Seminar Teacher Dr. B.M. Shashidhara

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Scientist view

2

The role of chemical fertilisers for increased agricultural production, in particular in developing countries, is well established. Some Scientist argue that-

Acc. to Tomich et. al. (1995), fertiliser was as important as seed in the Green Revolution.

Acc. FAO (1998) and Hopper (1993), Fertilizer is contributing as much as 50 percent of the yield growth in Asia.

Acc. Bumb (1995), one-third of the cereal production world-wide is due to the use of fertiliser and related factors of production

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Introduction

3

India is the third largest producer and second largest consumer of Chemical fertilizer in the world.

Indian Chemical fertilizer industry started in 1906 with SSP production facility at Ranipet near Chennai

Started Operation in a big scale since 1940s, when the Fertilizer &Chemicals Travancore of India Ltd. and the Fertilizer Corporation of India, in India were set up in Kerala and Bihar.

Indian population continues to increase and the provision of adequate supply of food remains a challenge. This can be achieved only through further increases in yield, involving the enhanced use of fertilizers.

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The total production of N and P2O5 in India was

12.16 million tonnes and 4.36 million tonnes in 2010/11.

However the consumption of N, P2O5 and K2O was 16.85, 8.04 and 3.4 million tones, respectively in 2010/11.

India imports mainly urea, DAP and potassium chloride (MOP). Imports meet the entire MOP requirement as there are no known natural potash deposits in the country. In 2010/11, MOP imports was 3.34 million tonnes.

In addition, India also imports a small quantity of mono ammonium phosphate (MAP) and potassium sulphate (SOP) (65 000 and 10 500 tonnes, respectively, in 2010/11).

4

Cont…

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Major Players

5

The public sector companies in Indian Fertilizer market are listed below:

Fertilizer Corporation of India Limited(FCIL)Hindustan Fertilizer Corporation Limited (HFC)Pyrites, Phosphates & Fertilizers Limited Rashtriya Chemicals and Fertilizers Limited (RCF)National Fertilizers Limited (NFL)The Fertilizers and Chemicals Travancore Limited

(FACT)Madras Fertilizers Limited(MFL)FCI Aravali Gypsum & Minerals India Limited, Jodhpur

Source: www.fert.nic.in

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Some Private Fertilizer Companies

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The Scientific Fertilizer Corporation Pvt. LtdCoromandel FertilizerDeepak Fertilizer and Petrochemicals Corporation

Limited Apratim InternationalDevidayal Agro ChemicalsGujatat State Fertilizer & Chemical limited Tata Chemical and Fertilizer limitedChambal FertilizersNagarjuna Fertilizer and Chemical limitedGodavari Fertilizers and Chemical limitedZuari Industries limited

Source: www.fert.nic.in

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Some Co-operative sector fertilizer companies

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Indian Farmers Fertilizer Cooperative Limited(IFFCO)Krishak Bharati Co-operative Limited (KRIBHCO)

Source: www.fert.nic.in

Joint venture OMFICO- Oman- ( KRIBHCO, IFFCO , Oman oil

company)ICS Senegal (IFFCO,GOI,SPIC)IJC JordanIMACID MoroccoJIFCO JordanTIFERT TunisiaCorporation with Syria, Russia, Indonesia,

Australia, Ghana

April 11, 20238 Source: GOI(2010), “Indian Fertilizer Scenario”, Department of fertilizers, Ministry of Chemical and Fertilizer, Govt. of India, New Delhi.

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1981-82 to 1990-91

1991-92 to 2000-01

2001-02 to 2010-11

0

50

100

150

200

250

151.2

190.6

212.5

Foodgrain Production m

illion t

onnes

1981-82 to 1990-91

1991-92 to 2000-01

2001-02 to 2010-11

118

119

120

121

122

123

124

125

126

127

128

126.9

122.9

121.1

Area under Foodgrains

million h

a

1981-82 to 1990-91

1991-92 to 2000-01

2001-02 to 2010-11

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

1.19

1.551.75

Foodgrains yield

tonnes/h

a

9Source :www.Indiastat.com

There is Inverse

relation-ship between

foodgrains production and area

under foodgrains.

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1974

-75

1976

-77

1978

-79

1980

-81

1982

-83

1984

-85

1986

-87

1988

-89

1990

-91

1992

-93

1994

-95

1996

-97

1998

-99

2000

-01

2002

-03

2004

-05

2006

-07

2008

-09

2010

-11

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

NPK

'000 t

onnes

Trend of Fertilizer Consumption (N,P and K ) in India: 1974-75 to 2010-11

10Source : Fertilizer Association of India,2011

6000 MT

8800MT

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1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s0

20

40

60

80

100

120

68.6 67.9 65.7 67.962.9

21.4 20.6 24.1 23.6 25.6

10.1 11.4 10.2 8.5 11.5

Share of Primary Nutrients (N,P and K ) in Total Consumption of Chemical Fertilizers

KPN

%

Source :www.Indiastat.com and Fertiliser Association of India

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 Growth rate in fertilizer 

consumption (%)Growth rate in foodgrains(%)

Period Total  Per ha. Production YieldPre-green revolution period (1950-51 to

1966-67)19.41 18.11 3.56 3.45

Post-green revolution period 8.75 8.49 2.65 2.53

Phase I (1967-68 – 1980-81) 9.9 9.29 2.27 1.87

Phase II (1981-82– 1991-92) 7.39 6.61 2.77 3.13

Post-reforms Period (1991-92 to 2009-10) 3.98 3.69 1.33 1.38

8th Five Year Plan 4.51 5.63 1.26 1.1

9th Five Year Plan 1.35 0.43 - 2.87 - 0.98

10th Five Year Plan 7.57 7.4 2.52 2.05

Growth Rate in Chemical Fertilizer Consumption and Foodgrains Production

Source: Fertiliser Association of India (2010)

Rate of consumption of fertiliser is directly proportional to growth rate in production.

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Trends in Consumption of Plant Nutrients (N,P and K) Per Hectare of Gross Cropped Area in India: 1951 to 2009-10

Source: Fertilizer Association of India Annual Report 2011

84 kg/ha

144 kg/ha

31 kg/ha

22 kg/ha

Year 2010-11

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Intensity of Chemical Fertilizer Use by Regions: 1971-72 to 2009-10

Source: Fertilizer Association of India Annual Report 2011

Indian is planning for II Second Green Revolution especially focusing on oilseed, pulse and foodgrains production in eastern and western region.By Sreekumar Raghavan , ICAR Scientist

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2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-05

2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18Production and Consumption of N, P & K in

India

N Produc-tion N Consump-tionP Production P Consump-tion

Million Tonnes

Year

Source: www.indiastat.com

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A.P.

Punjab

T.N.

Har

yana

Bihar

Karna.

..U.P

.

Gujr

atW

.B

Mah

ara.

..

INDIA

Uttar

k...

J&k

Keral

a

Chhattis...

M.P

.

Assam

Oriss

aH.P

.

Rajas

...0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2009-102010-11

kg/ha

Per Hectare Chemical Fertilizer Consumption in States (kg/ha): 2009-10 and 2010-11

Source: www.indiastat.com

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2001

-02

2002

-03

2003

-04

2004

-05

2005

-06

2006

-07

2007

-08

2008

-09

2009

-10

2010

-11

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

91.1384.4988.1996.59

105.5110.3118.56

126.22135.76

144.14

Per Hactere Consumption of Chemical Fertilizers in IndiaKg/ha

Source: www.indiastat.com

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Consumption kg/ha

1986-87 1989-90 1993-94 1996-97 1999-00 2002-03 2009-10

Above 200 3(0.9) 5(1.4) 9(2.3) 13(3.1) 31(6.6) 36(7.5) 112(20.77)

150-200 12(3.4) 21(5.7) 29(7.4) 36(8.6) 45(9.6) 47(9.7) 76(14.20)

100-150 32(9.2) 42 (11.4) 59 (15.1) 60(14.4) 94 (20.0) 92 (19.0) 105(19.47)

75-100 34(9.7) 46 (12.5) 56 (14.4) 59(14.1) 62 (13.2) 61 (12.6) 64(11.84)

50-75 55 (15.8) 70 (19.0) 77 (19.7) 73(17.5) 78 (16.6) 79 (16.4) 63(11.72)

25-50 92 (26.4) 85 (23.1) 79 (20.3) 93(22.2) 80 (17.1) 97 (20.1) 66(12.28)

<25 121(34.7) 99 (26.9) 81 (20.8) 84(20.1) 79 (16.8) 71 (14.7) 52(9.73)

Total 349(100)368

(100.0)390

(100.0)

418(100.0)

469(100.0)

483(100.0 538(100.0)

Classification of Districts According to Ranges of Chemical Fertilizer Consumption (N + P + K)

% in Bracket

Source: Fertiliser Association of India (2010)

Number of district, using fertilizer more than avg. consumption of India is consistently increasing.

Crops wise consumption of Chemical Fertilizer in India

April 11, 202321

Rice37%

Wheat24%

Food Grains8%

Pulses3%

Oil Seeds9%

Sugarcane5%

Cotton3%

Vegetables4%

Fruits2%

Others5%

Crops wise consumption of Chemical Fertilizer in India

Rice

Wheat

Food Grains

Pulses

Oil Seeds

Sugarcane

Cotton

Vegetables

Fruits

Others

61%

other

Source: Food and Agriculture Organization, 2011

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2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-05

2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Consumption of Major Chemical Fertilizer Products in India

UreaDAPMOP

Million Tonnes

Source: www.indiastat.com

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Share of Major Fertilizer Products in Total Consumption of N, P and K Nutrients : 2005-06 to 2009-10

Source: www.indiastat.com

YearShare of Urea

in Total NShare of DAP

in Total PShare of SSP

in Total PShare of MOP

in Total K

2005-06 80.6 59.8 8.5 67.9

2006-07 81.3 61.2 8.4 66.4

2007-08 82.8 63 7 65.6

2008-09 81.2 65.3 6.4 73.9

2009-10 78.8 66 6 76.5

2010-11 84.3 67.6 6.7 75

2011-12 86.5 70 7.1 73.6

Average 82.28571 64.7 7.157143 71.271429

April 11, 202324Source: Fertilizer Association of India , Annual Report 2011

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Trends in Actual and Estimated Consumption of Fertilizer Nutrients in India: 1976-77 to 2009-10

Source: Fertilizer Association of India Annual Report 2011

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Current Scenario

26

Most companies are expecting approval for the huge capital expenditure plans form department of fertilizer and industry.

Indian fertilizer companies joined hands with Jordan, Senegal, Oman, Morocco, Egypt etc.

In India production of urea was 21.8 million tonnes where as consumption is 28.2 million tonnes in 2010-11, so 6.4 million tonnes of urea is imported by India in 2010-11.

Source: www. indiastat.com

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Current Scenario

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In same way production of DAP in India was 7.76 million tonnes where as the consumption was 11.4 million tonnes in 2010-11, so 3.64 million tonnes of DAP is imported by India in 2010-11

Fertilizer subsidy has taken largest share for 35.9% (62301/173420 Crore) of total subsidies in 2010-11

The demand of Chemical fertilizer is expected to increase by 4% in 2012-13.

Source: www. indiastat.com

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Fertilizer Regulation

28

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Central Fertilizer Quality Control and Training Institute

29

Undertaking inspection and analysis of imported and indigenous fertilizers.

Standardization and development of method of analysis

Training of fertilizer enforcement officers and analystsActing as a referee laboratoryProviding technical guidance to the central and state

government on Fertilizer Quality Control Laboratories. There are 67 Fertilizer Quality Control Laboratories in

the Country which includes 4 set up by Central Government as CFQC&TI, Faridabad and its three Regional Laboratories (Chennai, Mumbai, Kalyani (Kolkata) ).

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Fertilizer Control Order

30

Fertiliser Control Order (1985) was promulgated under Section 3 of Essential Commodities Act,1955

Compulsory registration of fertilizer makers, importer and sellers.

Specifications for all fertilizer produced, imported or sold in India.

A set of regulations on the manufacture of fertilizer mixtures.

Packing and labeling of fertilizer bags.Appointment of enforcement agencies and creation of

quality control laboratories.Banning of the manufacture or import and sale of non-

standard, spurious or adulterated fertilizers.

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Strategies for Industry Expansion

31

Modernization and revamping of existing fertilizer units.

Reviving some the closed fertilizer units Alternative sources for urea productionEstablishment of joint ventures where

cheaper raw materials can be procuredJoint ventures for phosphoric acid

procurement.In the case of phosphatic fertilizer, the raw

materials and intermediates are imported in large scale.

Some Closed Plants

Source :- GOI(2010), “Indian Fertilizer Scenario”.April 11, 202332

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Summery and Conclusion

33

India’s fertilizer consumption is consistently increasing, while the total area under foodgrains is decreasing.

Intensity of per hectare fertilizer consumption of fertilizer is more in northern(91.5 kg/ha avg.) and southern (85.3 kg/ha avg.) region and lower in eastern (44.7 kg/ha avg.)and western(40.7 kg/ha avg.) region.

More than half of the total consumption of fertilizer is consumed by only two crops i.e. rice and wheat.

By 2020, fertilizer demand in country is projected to increase to about 41.6 million tonnes.

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Summery and Conclusion

34

Indian imports, which were about 2 million tonnes in early part of 2000, increased to 11.69 million tonnes of fertilizer in 2010-11.

The intensity of fertilizer use varied greatly from about 55 kg per hectare in Rajasthan to as high as 254 kg per hectare in Andhra Pradesh.

In 2009-10, 112 out of 538 district (20.8%) consumed more than 200 kg fertilizer per hectare.

Overall, availability of raw material, capital resources and price incentives will play critical role in meeting the fertilizer requirement in the country.

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References

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GOI(2010), “Indian Fertilizer Scenario”, Department of fertilizers, Ministry of Chemical and Fertilizer, Govt. of India, New Delhi.

FAO(2011), “Fertilizer Used by Crops in India”, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation, Rome.

FAI(2010-11), “ Indian Fertilizer Industry Annual Repot”, Fertilizer Association of India.

www.indiastat.comwww.fert.nic.in

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Questions?????

36