index 2006 soil respiration and the environment

8/20/2019 Index 2006 Soil Respiration and the Environment

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I ndex

Aboveground resp i ra t ion (Ra)

be lowground resp i ra t ion v . , 5

es t ima t ion o f , 20

as type o f au to t roph ic resp i ra t ion , 18

Acc l imat ion , o f so i l r e sp i ra t ion to

tempera tu re change , 140-41 , 141f

Ace ta te fe rmenta t ion , CO2 prod uc t ion by , 40

A d e n o s i n e t r i p h o s p h a t e ( A T P ) p r o d u c t i o n ,

in TCA cycle , 38

Aerob ic resp i ra t ion

COg produc t ion by , 36-39

R Q in , 4 0 - 4 1

Ag r icu l tu ra l ac t iv i t i e s , h i s to ry o f, 30

A g r i c u l t u r a l c u l t i v a ti o n

no- t i l l age v . conven t ion a l t i l l age , 156

s o i l c a r b o n c h a n g e w i t h , 1 5 5 - 5 6

so i l r e sp i ra t io n in f luence o f , 155-56

Agroforestry , descr ipt ion of , 29

Alka l i absorp t ion , so i l r e sp i ra t ion s tudy

with , 8-10, 162f , 164f , 165t , 171-72,

172f

Al t i tude

microb ia l r e sp i ra t ion in f luence o f , 130

so i l r e sp i ra t ion in f luence o f , 129-30 ,

130f

A n a e r o b i c r e s p i r a t i o n

C O2 p r o d u c t i o n b y, 3 9 - 4 0

d u r i n g f e r m e n t a t io n , 3 9

RQ in, 41

A n t h r o p o g e n i c e m i s s i o n s

a tmospher ic CO2 f rom, 23-24

C Og p r o d u c t i o n a n d t r a n s p o r t i n f l u en c e

of, 133

A t m o s p h e r i c C O z, c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f, 2 3 - 2 4

ATP produc t ion .

S ee

A d e n o s i n e t r i p h o s p h a t e

p r o d u c t i o n

A u t o t r o p h i c r e s p i r a t i o n

as category of soi l respira t ion, 11, 18

fe r t i l i ze r in f luence on , 154

he te ro t roph ic resp i ra t ion v . , 11 , 190-91

soi l respira t ion role of , 212, 213f

types of , 18

B

Belowground resp i ra t ion (Rb)

aboveground resp i ra t ion v . , 5

307



3 8 I n d e x

Belowground resp i ra t ion (Rb) cont inued)

es t ima t ion o f , 20

fe r t i l i za t ion in f luence on , 21

as type o f au to t roph ic resp i ra t ion , 18

Biome-BGC

as b iogeochemica l mode l , 234 t , 236-37 ,

2 3 6 f

t e m p e r a t u r e i n f l u e n ce o n , 2 3 8 t

Biomes , in so i l r e sp i ra t ion , 120-28 , 121 t,

122f, 127t

Biosphere resp i ra t ion , so i l r e sp i ra t ion o f

tota l , 24

Bomb 14C t race r, 196 , 204-7 , 205f , 206f

Bow en- ra t io /energy ba lance (BREB), so i l

r esp i ra t io n s tudy by , 182

BREB.

See

B o w e n - r a t i o /e n e r g y b a l a n c e

Burn ing .

See

Fi re

c

Carbon cyc le .

See also

E c o s y s t e m c a r b o n

cyc le; Globa l ca rbon cyc le

CO2 prod uc t ion in , 18

coup led wi th c l ima te , 241

C a r b o n d i o x i d e ( CO 2 ) c o n c e n t r a t i o n

i n a t m o s p h e r e , 2 3 - 2 4

grad ien t s o f , 61-63 , 62f , 72f

greenhouse e f fec t s , g loba l warming and ,

26

l i t terfa l l inf luence of , 135-36

mycor rh izae in f luence on , 137

in NB L, 75-76 , 75f

n i t rogen minera l i za t ion in f luence on , 138

photosyn thes i s in f luence o f , 135

rh izo sph ere in f luence o f , 137

roo t exuda t ion in f luence o f , 137

roo t r e sp i ra t ion in f luence by, 135

so i l mo is tu re in f luence on , 138

soi l respira t ion inf luence of , 3 , 134, 134f

wind speeds and , 70-71 , 71f

Carb on d iox ide (CO2) e f flux

i n b i o m e s

crop f ie lds , 121t , 122f , 125-26

deser ts , 121t , 122f , 125

forest, 11, 19, 121-2 4, 1 21t, 122 f

gras sland , 11, 112-13, 116, 121, 121t ,

122f, 124

savannas /woodlands , 121 t , 122f ,

1 2 4 - 2 5

tund ra , 121 t , 122f , 124

wet land s , 121 t , 122f , 126-2 8 , 127t

C O2 p r o d u c t i o n a n d t r a n s p o r t i n f l u e n c e

on, 239

e x p e r i m e n t a l w a r m i n g i n f lu e n c e o n ,

138-39 , 139f

fe r t i l i ze r in f luence on , 1 52-53

f ire in f luence on , 146-4 7

g loba l annua l , 243 , 243f

grad ien t va r ia t ion o f, 128-31

a l t i tude , 129-30 , 130f

la t i tudes , 128-29 , 129f

topography , 130-31 , 131f

m e a n a n n u a l t e m p e r a t u r e i n f l u en c e o n ,

113

by mic rob ia l r e sp i ra t ion , 18

by p lan t r e sp i ra t ion , 18

af te r r a in fa l l o r i r r iga t ion , 5

rate of, 5-7, 7f

at soi l surface, 18

roo t dens i ty v . , 42 , 44f

so i l d i f fus ion in f luence on , 8

so i l mois tu re in f luence on , 92-96 , 95f

at soi l surface, 67-70, 68f , 112

spa t ia l pa t t e rns o f

b iomes , 120-28 , 121 t , 122f , 127t

landscape level , 117-18, 118f

reg iona l sca le , 11 8-20 , 119f

stand level , 115-16, 117t

t e m p e r a t u r e a n d p r e s s u r e i n f lu e n c e o n ,

69, 69f

t e m p o r a l v a r i a t i o n s o n

decada l and cen tenn ia l , 113-15 , 114f

d iu rna l and week ly , 108-9 , 110f

in te rannua l , 112-13 , 112f

seasonal , 110-12, 111f

C a r b o n d i o x id e ( CO 2 ) e n r i c h m e n t

expe r imen ts , 19 6 , 199-204 , 200f, 202f

O T C a n d F A C E f o r , 1 9 9 - 2 0 0

C a r b o n d i o x id e ( CO 2 ) p r o d u c t i o n .

by ace ta te fe rmenta t ion , 40

f rom l i t t e r decom pos i t ion , 35-3 6 , 36f,

49, 54

b y m e t h a n e o x i d a t i o n , 4 0

af ter ra infal l or i r r igat ion, 5

rate of, 5

in so i l , 35 -59 , 36f

b ioc hem is t ry o f , 36-4 2 , 36f , 37f , 39f,

7 9 - 8 0

in TCA cyc le , 36-39 , 37f

C a r b o n d i o x i d e ( C O 2 ) p r o d u c t i o n m o d e l s ,

2 3 0 - 3 9



I n d e x

3 9

C arbon d i ox i de (C O 2) p rod uc t i on - t r ansp o r t

m ode l s , 239 -40 , 241 t

C a rbon d i ox i de (C O 2) t r anspo r t , 61 -76

di f fus ion coeff i c i en t s in , 65-66 , 66f

m e t h o d o f , 6 3 - 6 4

i n PB L , 74 -76

in p l an t canopy, 70-74 , 71f

segment s of , 61 , 62f

in so i l , 61-67

wind speed inf luence on , 70-74 , 71f ,

73f

C a rbon s t o rage and t r ad i ng

in forest , 29

K yo to P ro t oco l and , 28 -29

so i l r e sp i r a t i on and , 28 -32

Carbonic ac id reac t ion , CO2 ef f lux and ,

5 - 6

C arneg i e -A m es -S t an fo rd -A pproach m ode l ,

fo r ca rbon i npu t s i m u l a t i on , 230

C D C m e t h o d .

ee

C l o s e d d y n a m i c c h a m b e r

m e t h o d

C E N T U R Y m ode l

a s b iogeochem i ca l m ode l , 230 -31 , 233 ,

234t , 236f, 237-39

t em pera t u re i n f l uence on , 238 t

C h a m b e r m e t h o d s

c h a m b e r d e p l o y m e n t , 1 7 6 - 7 8

cham ber de s i gn , 165 t , 175 -76

com m erc i a l i n s t rum en t s fo r , 167 -69 ,

176-77 , 247-56

fo r m e asu r i n g so i l r e sp i r a t ion , 162 -63 ,

162f

movable- l ip chamber , 177

soi l col lars for, 175-76

Chemica l fe r t i l i zer .

ee

Fer t i l i z e r

Clear-cu t t ing .

ee

F o r e s t h a r v e s t i n g

C l i m a t e change

global carbon cycle regula t ion of , i x

g r e e n h o u s e g a se s a n d , 2 5 - 2 6

so i l r e sp i r a t i on and , 3 , 25 -28

C l i m a t e sy s t em , g l oba l c a rbon cyc le r e l a t ion

to, 3

C l i m a ti c w a r m i n g

m i c roo rgan i sm s i n f l uence o f , 142 -43

mois ture inf luence of , 143

n i t rogen m i ne ra l i za t i on i n f luence o f ,

1 3 8 - 3 9

re sp i r a t o ry r e sponse t o, ove r ti m e , 140

soi l carbon loss f rom, 140

so i l r e sp i r a t i on and , 138 -43

C l i pp i ng

seve r i ng subs t r a t e supp l y t o rh i zosphe re ,

191 -94

soi l resp i ra t ion inf luence of , 80 , 80f ,

151 -52 , 193

C l o s ed d y n a m i c c h a m b e r ( C D C ) m e t h o d ,

so i l resp i ra t ion s tudy wi th , 162f ,

163 -69 , 164~, 165t , 168f

C l osed s ta t ic ch am ber (C SC ) m e t ho d , so i l

resp i ra t ion s tudy wi th , 162f , 164f , 165t ,

170-71

CO2.

ee

C arbon d i ox i de

Cro p fields, CO2 efflux in, 121 t , 122f,

1 2 5 - 2 6

C SC m e t hod .

ee

Closed s t a t i c chamber

m e t h o d

Cul t iva t ion .

ee

A g r i cu l t u ra l cu l t i va t ion

D

De conv olu t ion ana lys i s , 210-11 , 210f , 211t

Defores t a t ion .

ee also

A n t h r o p o g e n i c

em i s s i ons

cessa t ion of , 23f , 29

Deserts , CO2 efflux in, 121t , 122f, 125

Di ffus ion coeff i c i en t s , i n CO2 t ranspor t ,

6 5 - 6 6 , 6 6 f

Diffusion, of CO2 in soi l , 63-67, 66f,

66t

D i r e c t c o m p o n e n t m e a s u r e m e n t s a n d

in tegra t ion , 189

E

E ar t hw orm , a s m ac roo rgan i sm , 53 , 53 f

E cosys t em ca rbon cyc l e

pho t osyn t hes i s i n , 17 -18 , 18 f

so i l resp i ra t ion and , 17-21

E cosys t em p roduc t i v i t y

n i t rogen inf luence on , 101

i n so il re sp i r a t i on , 7 9 -85 , 85 f

so i l resp i ra t ion v . , 84-85 , 85f

E cosys t em re sp i r a t i on (Re )

defini t ion of, 6, 19

l a t it ude i n f l uence on , 128 -2 9

m e a s u r e m e n t o f, 1 8 1 - 8 2

response to prec ip i t a t ion , 143-44 , 143f

soi l respi rat ion v. , 6 , 19

E ddy cova r i ance , so i l r e sp i r a t i on s t udy by ,

165t , 182-83

E l ec t ron t r anspo r t pa t hw ay , i n ae rob i c

resp i ra t ion , 37-38 , 37f



31 I n d e x

E m pi r i ca l m ode l s

m o i s t u re - r e sp i r a t i on m ode l s , 219 -24 ,

220f, 222t, 223f, 224f

mu l t ifac tor mo del s , 226-30 , 227t , 228f , 229f

o f so il r e sp i r a t ion , 215 -30

subs t r a t e - r e sp i r a t i on m ode l s , 224 -25 , 225 f

t em pera t u re - r e sp i r a t i on m ode l s , 215 -19 ,

217t, 218f

E xoenz ym es , l i tt e r decom pos i t ion and , 53 -5 4

E x p e r i m e n t a l m a n i p u la t io n m e t h o d s

d i r e c t c o m p o n e n t m e a s u r e m e n t s a n d

in tegra t ion , 189

l i t t e r removal , 194-95 , 196f

root exc lus ion , 190


1 9 0 - 9 4

fo r so i l r e sp i r a t i on sou rce com ponen t

sepa ra t i on , 188 -95 , 188 f

E x p e r i m e n t a l w a r m i n g

CO2 ef f lux inf luence of , 138-39 , 139f

mois ture inf luence of , 143

F

FACE. S ee Free -A i r CO 2 E n r i chm en t

F A E W E . See Func t i ona l ana l y s i s o f

E u r o p e a n w e t la n d e c o s y s t e m s

F e r m e n t a t i o n

anae rob i c r e sp i r a t i on du r i ng , 39

CO2 genera t ion f rom, 40

Fe r t i l i z e r

NEP inf luence of , 21

NPP inf luence of , 21

Rb influe nce of, 21

Rm influe nce of, 21

soi l resp i ra t ion inf luence of , 8 , 81 , 152-54

F i re

so i l resp i ra t ion inf luence of , 146-47

as subs t r a t e supp l y d i s t u rbance , 146 -47

F l ood i ng , ro o t r e sp i r a t i on i n f l uence o f, 45

Fore s t

CO2 efflux in, 11, 19, 112-13, 116 , 119 -20

subs t r a t e supp l y d i s t u rbances and

m an i pu l a t i ons i n , 147 -50

Fores t c a rbon s t o rage , de sc r i p t i on and cos t s

of, 29

F o r e s t h a r v e s t i n g


191-94 , 192f

so i l resp i ra t ion inf luences of , 147-50 ,

149f, 193

subs t r a t e supp l y d i s t u rbances by , 147 -50

Fores t -B G C

as b i ogeochem i ca l m ode l , 234 t , 236


Foss i l f ue l bu rn i ng . See A n t h r o p o g e n i c

em i s s i ons

Frac t ionat ion , of C3 v . C4 p lan t s , 196 -99 ,

199f

F ragm en t a t i on , de sc r i p t i on o f , 52 -53

Free -A i r C O2 E n r i chm en t (FA C E )

f or C O2 e n r i c h m e n t e x p e r i m e n t s , 1 9 9 - 2 0 0

soi l resp i ra t ion inf luence of , 134-35 , 134f

F u n c t i o n a l a n a l y s is o f E u r o p e a n w e t l a n d

ecosys t em s (FA E W E )

as b iogeochemica l model , 234t , 236 , 236f ,

237


F u n g i

c l i m a t ic w a rm i ng i n f l uence on , 142 -43

in d i f fe ren t so i l t ypes , 102 , 103f

l i tt e r decom pos i t i on and , 54

G

G a s - w e ll ( G W ) m e t h o d

au t om a t ed sam p l i ng m ach i ne fo r , 178 -79 ,

179f

so i l resp i ra t ion s tudy by , 10 , 162f , 165t ,

178 -81

Global carbon cycle , 22-25 , 23f

c l i m a t e change r egu l a t i on by , ix

c l imate sys t em re l a t ion to , 3

G l oba l change m arke t s , 28 -29

G l o b al w a r m i n g

C O2 conc en t r a t i on and , 26

so i l r e sp i r a t i on and , 26 -28 , 27 f

Glycolys i s , i n aerobic resp i ra t ion , 37-38 , 37f

G ras s l and

bu rn i ng i n f l uence on , 146

CO2 efflux in, 11, 112-13, 116, 121, 121t ,

122f, 124 , 139

g raz i ng , c l ipp i ng , and sh ad i ng i n f l uences

on , 80 , 80f , 151-52 , 191-94

Q10 of, 14 0- 41 , 142f, 145

soi l resp i ra t ion in , 81 , 81f

Graz ing , so i l resp i ra t ion inf luence of , 151

G re enho use e f fec ts , C O 2 conce n t r a t i on an d ,

26

G re enho use gase s , C O2 a s , 25 -26

Gross pr imary product ion (GPP) , 19 , 19 t

G W m e t h o d . See G a s - w e ll m e t h o d



I n d e x

311

H

H et e ro t roph i c r e sp i r a t i on (Rh)

as ca t ego ry of so i l resp i ra t ion , 11, 18

change wi th increase of fores t age , 115

fer t i l i zer i n f luence on , 154

soi l resp i ra t ion ro l e of , 212

H i s t o so l

desc r i p t i on o f , 58 -59

format ion of , 58

H u m u s , 5 7

I

Indus t r i a l R evo l u t i on , c l i m a t i c changes

caused by , 133

I n f e re n c e a n d m o d e l i n g m e t h o d s , 2 0 9 - 1 1

deco nvo l u t i on ana l y s is , 210 -11 , 210 f , 211 t

r e g r e s s io n e x t r a p o l a t i o n a n d m o d e l i n g

analys i s , 209 , 209t

In f r a red gas ana l yze r ( IR G A ) , so i l r e sp i r a t i on

s tudy by , 10 , 162-63 , 162f

In te ran nu al var i ab i li ty , de scr ip t ion of , 6

IRGA.

ee

In f r a red gas ana l yze r

Irr igat ion, CO2 efflux after , 5

I so t ope m e t hod s , 195 -208 , 197 t

bom b 14C t r acer , 1 96 , 204 -7 , 205 f , 206 f

C O2 e n r i c h m e n t e x p e r i m e n t s , 1 9 6 , 1 9 9 -

204, 200f, 202f

f rac t ion at ion of C3 v . C4 p lan t s , 196 -99 ,

199f

l a b e li n g e x p e r i m e n t s , 1 9 6 , 2 0 7 - 8 , 2 0 7 f

K

K yoto P ro t oco l , c a rbon s t o rage and t r ad i ng

a n d , 2 8 - 2 9

L

L a b e l in g e x p e r i m e n t s , 1 9 6 , 2 0 7 - 8 , 2 0 7 f

LAI.

ee

L ea f a r ea i ndex

Lat i tude , so i l resp i ra t ion inf luence of ,

128 -29 , 129 f

L ea f a r ea i ndex (L A I) , so i l r e sp i r a t i on

co r re l a t i ons w i t h , 82 , 82 f

L i nkages , a s b i ogeoche m i ca l m ode l , 234 t,

236

L i t t e r decom pos i t i on

c l i m a t i c w a rm i ng i n f l uence on , 157

C O 2 p rod uc t i on by , 35 -36 , 3 6 f , 49 , 54


e x o e n z y m e s an d , 5 3 - 5 4

f r a g m e n t a t io n , 5 2 - 5 3

fung i and , 54

l i t terfal l v. , 50

m easu rem en t o f , 189

n i t rogen concen t r a t i on o f , 21 -22

ni t rog en inf luence on , 100 -101, 153f , 154

ra tes of, 51-5 2 , 51f , 52f , 55 , 56f

regula t ion of , 55

s o il o r g a n i s m s a n d , 4 9 - 5 5

soi l resp i ra t ion cont r ibu t ion of , 11 , 18 , 21 ,

152 , 153f , 195 , 196f , 201 -2 , 210 , 232

L i t te r r em o va l , 194 -95 , 196 f

Li t t e r fa l l

C O 2 conc en t r a t i on i n f l uence on , 135 -36

l i tt e r de com pos i t i on v ., 50

soi l resp i ra t ion v ., 20 , 20f , 82 , 83f , 118

M

M acroo rgan i sm s , l i t t e r decom pos i t i on and ,

52 -53 , 53 f

M ass t r ans po r t , o f CO 2 i n so i l, 63 -67

M e t hane ox i da t ion , C O 2 p rod uc t i on by , 40

M e t h a n o g e n s

CO2 ef f lux and , 5-6

C O 2 p rod uc t i on and , 40

M e t h a n o t r o p h s , C O2 p r o d u c t i o n a n d , 4 0

Microbia l resp i ra t ion (Rm).

ee also

H et e ro t roph i c r e sp i r a t i on

al t i t ude inf luence on , 130

b i o c h e m i c a l p r o c e s s e s i n, 3 9 - 4 0 , 3 9 f

CO2 rele ase by, 18

fer t i l i za t ion inf luence on , 21

m oi s t u re i n f l uence on , 233

n i t rogen i n f l uence on , 100 -101

n i t rogen m i ne ra l i za t i on i n f luence o f , 22

02 concen t r a t i on i n f l uence on , 233

so i l r e sp i r a t i on con t r i bu t i on f rom , 209 ,

232

so i l t ex t u re i n f luence on , 233

t em pera t u re i n f l uence on , 233

M i c r o o r g a n i s m s

c l i m a t i c w a rm i ng i n f l uence on , 142 -43

g r o u p s o f , 8 7 - 8 8

l i t t e r decom pos i t i on and , 52 -53 , 53 f

oxygen i n f l uence on , 99 , 99 f

so i l m o i s t u re i n f l uence on , 93 -94

t e m p e r a t u r e i n f l u en c e o n , 8 7 - 8 8 , 8 8 f

M ode l s

d e v e l o p m e n t a n d e v a l u a t io n o f, 2 4 4 - 4 6

o f so i l r e sp i r a t i on , 2 15 -46

type s of , 215



312

I n d e x

M ode l s c on t i nue d)

em pi r i ca l , 215 -30

m echan i s t i c , 215 , 230 -40

Mois ture .

See al so

So il m o i s t u re

expe r i m en t a l w a rm i ng i n f l uence on , 143

l i t t e r decomposi t ion inf luence of , 55

microbia l resp i ra t ion inf luence of , 233

root resp i ra t ion inf luence of , 233

SOC inf luence by , 57

soi l resp i ra t ion inf luence of, 11 6 , 119 ,

193-94 , 209 , 219-24 , 220f , 222t ,

223f, 224f

M ovab l e - l i p cham ber , fo r cham ber m e t hod

o f m easu re m e n t , 177

Mucige l , descr ip t ion of , 46

M y c o r r h i z a e

CO2 concent ra t ion inf luence of , 137

r h i z o d e p o s i t s a n d , 4 8 - 4 9

N

NBL.

See

N o c t u r n a l b o u n d a r y l a y e r

N E E . See N e t e c o s y s t e m e x c h a n g e

N em at ode , a s m i c roo rgan i sm , 52 , 53 f

NEP. See N e t e c o s y s t e m p r o d u c t i o n

N e t ecosys t em exchange (N E E ) ,

m e a s u r e m e n t o f, 1 8 1 - 8 2

N e t ecosys t em p roduc t i on (N E P)

descr ip t ion of , 19-20 , 19 t


N e t p r i m ary p roduc t i on (N PP)

descr ip t ion of , 19-20 , 19 t


so i l r e sp i r a ti on co r r e l a t i on w i t h , 85

of we t l ands , 126

N i t rogen

ecosys tem product iv i ty inf luence of , 101

l i t t e r decomposi t ion inf luence of , 100-101

m i c rob i a l r e sp i r a t i on i n f luence o f,

100 -101

soi l resp i ra t ion inf luence of , 99-101

in t i ssues , 100

N i t r o g e n c o n c e n t r a t io n

o f li t te r decom pos i t i on , 21 -22

root resp i ra t ion v . , 45

N i t rogen depos i t i on , so i l r e sp i r a ti on

inf luence of , 152-54

Nit rogen fixat ion, CO2 cost of , 100

N i t r o g e n m i n e r a l iz a t i o n



m i c rob i a l r e sp i r a t i on i n f l uence on , 22

Ni t rogen uptake , CO2 cos t of , 99-100

N o c t u rna l bou nd a ry l aye r (N B L ) , C O2

concen t r a t i on i n , 75 -76 , 75 f

NPP. See N e t p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n

N u t r i en t cyc l ing , so il r e sp i r a t ion and , 2 1 -22

O

O cean , ca rbo n ab so rp t i on o f, 23

O D C m e t h o d . See O p e n d y n a m i c c h a m b e r

m e t h o d

O p e n d y n a m i c c h a m b e r ( O D C ) m e t h o d ,

Closed s t a t ic cham ber , 162f , 164f , 165t ,

169 -70

Open- top chambers (OTC), for CO2

e n r i c h m e n t e x p e r i m e n t s , 1 9 9 - 2 0 0

OTC.

See

O p e n - t o p c h a m b e r s

O xygen . See Soi l oxygen

P

PBL. See P l a n e t a ry b o u n d a r y l a ye r

Pen t ose phosph a t e pa t hw ay , i n ae rob i c

resp i ra t ion , 37-38 , 37f

Phosp ho rus , so i l r e sp i r a t i on i n f l uence o f ,

116, 154

P h o t o s y n t h e s i s

14CO2 fixa tion by, 2 04, 207

CO2 concent ra t ion inf luence on , 135

in ecosys tem carbon cycle , 17-18 , 18f

r o o t r e s p i ra t io n c o n s u m p t i o n o f c a r b o n

from, 42

soi l resp i ra t ion cont ro l by , 80-81 , 81f ,

109

P l ane t a ry bounda ry l aye r (PB L )

C O2 t r ansp o r t i n , 74 -76

descr ip t ion of , 74

Plant canopy, CO2 t ranspor t i n , 70-74 , 71f

Plant resp i ra t ion (Rp) . See al so A ut o t roph i c

re sp i r a t i on

CO2 relea se by, 18

g row t h v . m a i n t enance r e sp i r a t i on o f , 232

PnET-II

a s b i ogeochem i ca l m o de l , 234 t, 236 -37 ,

236 f


Pra i r i e . See G r a s s l a n d

Prec ip i t a t ion

CO2 efflux after, 5

ecosys t em re sp i r a t i on r e sponse t o ,

143-44 , 143f



I n d e x

3 1 3

so i l r e sp i r a t i on i n f l uence on chang es i n ,

143-46 , 215 , 227t

Press ure , CO2 ef f lux inf luence of, 69 , 69f

P ro t ozoan , a s m i c roo rgan i sm , 52 , 53 f

Q

Q10

calcula t ion of , 237


f i re in f luence on , 146-47

of pra i r i e , 140 -41 , 142f

so i l m o i s t u re i n f l uence on , 145 -46

of so i l resp i ra t ion , 10, 89 -91 , 9 0f , 91 t , 138

R

Ra.

ee

A b o v e g r o u n d r e s p i r a t io n

Rainfal l .

ee

Prec i p i t a t i on

RB.

ee

B e l o w g r o u n d r e s p i r a ti o n

R e c o m m e n d e d m a n a g e m e n t p r a ct ic e s

(RMPs) , t o incre ase so i l carbo n, 31 , 31f,

32f

R e g r e s s io n e x t r a p o l a t io n a n d m o d e l i n g

analys i s , 209 , 209t

R esp i r a t o ry quo t i en t (R Q )


of root resp i ra t ion , 41 t

of soi l , 42, 43f

Rh.

ee

H et e ro t roph i c r e sp i r a t i on

R h i z o d e p o s i t s

bac t e r i a l decom pos i t i on o f, 48

m y c o r r h iz a e a n d , 4 8 - 4 9

i n r h i z o s p h e r e , 4 6 - 4 9

S O M d e c o m p o s i t io n a n d , 4 9

R h i z o s p h e r e

c l i pp ing i n f l uence on , 151 -52

C O 2 conc en t r a t i on i n f l uence on , 137

desc r i p t i on o f, 46

p rocesse s o f , 46 -48 , 47 f

r h i z o d e p o s i t i o n i n , 4 6 - 4 9

seve r i ng subs t r a t e supp l y t o , 190 -94

R h i z o s p h e r e r e s p i r a ti o n

C O 2 p rod uc t i on by , 35 -36 , 3 6 f

w i t h l ab i l e ca rbon supp l y , 46 -49 , 47 f

a s so i l r e sp i r a t i on com ponen t , 201 -2

t em pera t u re i n f l uence on , 91 -92 , 91 t , 157

Rm.

ee

M i crob i a l r e sp i r a t i on

RMPs.

ee

R e c o m m e n d e d m a n a g e m e n t

p rac t i ce s

Root densi ty, CO2 efflux v. , 42, 44f

R oo t exc l u s i on , 190

R o o t e x u d a t i o n

C O 2 con cen t r a t i on i n f l uence on , 137

as so i l r e sp i r a t ion p roces s , 210

R oo t r e sp i r a t i on , 42 -46 .

ee also

B e l o w g r o u n d r e s p i r a ti o n

b i o c h e m i c a l p r o c e s s e s i n , 3 9 - 4 0 , 3 9 f

C O 2 conc en t r a t i on i n f l uence on , 135

C O 2 p rod uc t i on by , 35 -36 , 3 6 f , 42 - 43

env i ronm en t a l f ac t o r s i n f l uence on , 45

f looding , 45

t em p era t u re , 45 , 86 -8 7 , 87 f , 91 -92 , 91 t

es t imat ion of , 190


m oi s t u re i n f l uence on , 233

n i t rogen conc en t r a t i on v ., 45

02 concen t r a t i on i n f l uence on , 233

p h o t o s y n t h e t i c c a r b o n c o n s u m p t i o n b y, 4 2

regu l a t i on o f , 44 -45 , 233

RQ of, 41t

so i l resp i ra t ion cont r ibu t ion of , 11 , 42 ,

195 , 196f , 209 -10 , 212 , 213f

so i l tex t u re i n f l uence on , 233


R o o t tu r n o v e r

rate of, 50

as so i l r e sp i r a t i on p roces s , 210

R o t h a m s t e d m o d e l

a s b i ogeoche m i ca l m o de l , 231 , 233 , 234 t ,

236 f , 237 -38


Rp.

ee

Pl an t r e sp i r a t i on

RQ.

ee

R esp i r a t o ry quo t i en t

s

Sava nnas , CO2 ef f lux in , 121t , 122f , 124 -25

Seasona l va r i a t ions , i n so i l r e sp i r a ti on ,

110 -12 , l l l f , 196 f

S h a d i n g


1 9 1 - 9 4

soi l resp i ra t ion inf luence of , 80 , 80f , 152 ,

193

SO C poo l .

ee

So il o rgan i c ca rbon poo l

Soda - l i m e t r app i ng , so i l r e sp i r a t i on s t ud y

wi th , 162f , 164f , 165 t , 172-73

Soil

ca rbon capac i t y o f, 30 -32 , 31 f

ca rbon con t en t o f, 23

ca rbon l o s s f rom , 30

ca rbon s t o rage i n , 29 -30 , 32



3 1 4

I n d e x

Soil

c o n t i n u e d )

C O2 p rodu c t i on i n , 35 -59 , 36 f

CO2 release at surface of, 67-70, 68f

C O2 t r ansp o r t i n , 61 -67

defini t ion of, 5


roo t t u rnove r r a t e s i n , 50

RQ of, 42, 43f

Soi l co l l a rs , for chamber methods , 175-76

Soi l degassing, CO2 efflux and, 5, 96

Soi l di ffusion, CO2 efflux influence of, 8

So i l m i c robes , so i l r e sp i r a t i on con t r i bu t i on

of, 11

So il m o i s t u re


CO2 ef f lux inf luence of, 92-9 6 , 95f , 144 ,

144f

expe r i m en t a l w a rm i ng i n f l uence on , 143

m i c roo rgan i sm s i n f l uence o f , 93 -94

Q10 influe nce of, 14 5-4 6

soi l resp i ra t ion inf luence of , 10 , 92-97 ,

92f, 97f, 116, 119-2 0, l19f, 144 , 215,

226, 227t, 232

subs t r a t e sup p l y in f l uence o f, 93 -94 , 138

topography inf luence of , 131

Soi l o rganic carbon (SOC) pool

inf luences on , 57

s i ze of , 55-57

soi l resp i ra t ion inf luence of , 82-83 , 84f ,

117

Soi l o rganic mat t e r (SOM)

agr i cu l tura l cu l t iva t ion and loss of , 156

composi t ion of , 57

decomposi t ion of , 18 , 21 , 55-59 , 195 ,

196f

c l i m a t i c w a rm i n g i n f l uence on , 157

CO2 product ion by , 35-36 , 36f


ni t rogen inf luence on , 153f , 154

rh i zodepos i t s and , 49

as so il r e sp i r a t ion com ponen t , 201 -2 ,

210


descript ion of, 18, 55

div i s ions of , 57-58 , 58f

fo rm a t i on -deco m p os i t i on cyc l e of , 232

no- t i l l age and , 156

processes of , 58f

So il o rgan i sm s , l i t t e r decom pos i t i on and ,

4 9 - 5 5

Soi l oxygen

microorgani sms inf luence of , 99 , 99f , 233

root resp i ra t ion inf luence of , 233

soi l resp i ra t ion inf luence of , 98-99 , 98f ,

225 , 225f

Soi l pH, so i l resp i ra t ion inf luence of , 102-4

Soi l resp i ra t ion

annua l g ro s s p r i m ary p roduc t i v i t y v . ,

8 4 - 8 5 , 8 5 f

basa l , 82 , 120 , 228

i n b i om es

crop f i elds, 121t , 122f , 125 -26

deser t s , 121t , 122f , 125

forest , 11, 19, 121-24, 121 t , 122f

grass l an d , 11, 112-13 , 116 , 121 , 121t,

122f, 124 , 139

savannas / w ood l ands , 121 t , 122 f , 124 -25

tund ra , 121t , 122f , 124

we t l ands , 121t , 122f , 126 -28 , 127t , 145

categories of, 11

autot rophic, 11, 18, 212, 213f

heterot rophic, 11, 18, 212

c l i m a t e change and , 3


cl ipping inf luence on , 151-52

CO2 conc ent ra t ion inf luence on , 3 , 134 , 134f

cont r ibut ion to , 11

l i t t e r decomposi t ion , 11 , 18

root resp i ra t ion , 11 , 212 , 213f

so i l micro bes , 11

cont ro l l ing fac tors of , 8 , 24 , 79-105

chem ica l fe r t i li zer , 8

com bi na t i ons o f , 104 -5

n i t rogen , 99 -101

phospho rus , 116

prec ip i t a t ion , 143-46 , 215 , 227t

so i l m oi s ture , 10 , 92-97 ,

9 2 f , 9 7 f ,

116,

119-20 , l 19f, 144 , 144f, 215 , 219-

24, 220f, 222t, 223 f, 224 f, 226 , 227t

so i l oxygen , 98 -99 , 98 f

so i l pH, 102-4

soi l tex ture , 10 1-2, 1 03f, 119

subs t ra t e supply , 79-8 5 , 80f , 109 , 118 ,

135, 215 , 224-25 , 225f

t em per a ture , 10 , 24-2 5 , 85-92 , 119 ,

215-19, 217t , 218f, 226, 227t

vege ta t ion types , 112 , 117 , 128

def in i t ion of , i x , 3 -7


ecosys t em p roduc t i v i t y i n , 79 -85 , 8 O f , 85f



I n d e x

ecosys tem respi ra t ion v ., 6

envi ronmenta l fac tors inf luencing , 45

es t imat ions of , 161-85

ecosys tem r e sp i r a t ion me asu remen t ,

181-82

NEE measu remen t , 181 -82

FACE inf luence on , 134-35, 134f

f ire inf luence on , 146-47

fores t harv es t ing inf luence on , 147-50,

148f

g loba l wa rm ing and , 26 -28 , 27 f

gradient var ia t ion of , 128-31

al t i tude , 129-30, 130f

lat i tudes, 128-29, 129f

topography, 130-31, 131f

graz ing inf luence on , 151-52

impor tance and ro les of , 17-32

carbon s torage and t rad ing , 28-32

cl imate change , 25-28

ecosys tem carbon ba lance , 17-21

nut r ien t cyc l ing , 21-22

regional and g lobal carbon cyc l ing ,

22 -25

LAI cor re la t ions wi th , 82 , 82f

litterfall v., 20, 20f, 82, 83f, 118

methods of s tudy of , 161-85

alkal i absorption, 8-10, 162f, 164f, 165t ,

171-72, 172f

BREB, 182

CDC, 162f, 163-69, 164f, 165t , 168f

chamber des ign and dep loymen t ,

175-78

classif icat ion of , 162-63, 162f

com par ison of, 165t , 183-85, 184f

CSC , 162f, 164f, 165 t , 170-71

eddy covar iance , 165t , 182-83

gas chromatograph, 162f, 164f, 165t ,

174-75, 184f

gas-well (GW ) me tho d, 10, 162f, 165t ,

178-81

IRGA, 10, 162-69 , 162f, 184f

misce l laneous indi rec t , 181-83

ODC , 162f, 164f, 165t , 169-70

soda-l ime trapping, 162f, 164f, 165t ,

1 7 2 - 7 3 , 1 8 4 f

model ing synthes is and ana lys is of ,

2 1 5 - 4 6

CO2 p roduc t ion mode l s , 23 0 -39

CO2 p roduc t ion - t r anspo r t mode l s ,

2 3 9 - 4 0

315

empir ica l models , 215-30

mode l dev e lopmen t and eva lua ti on ,

2 4 4 - 4 6

model ing a t d i f fe rent sca les , 241-44

NPP cor re la t ion wi th , 85

photosynthes is inf luence on , 80-81 , 81f ,

109

processes of , 210

Q10 of, 10, 89-91, 90f, 91t

regula t ion of , 38-39

re sea rch on

history of , 7-13, 9f

papers publ i shed on , 4 , 4f

responses to d is turbances of , 133-58

agr icul tura l cu l t iva t ion , 155-56

c l ima t i c wa rm ing , 1 38 -43

e l evat ed C0 2 concen t r a ti on , 134 -38

mul t ip le fac tor inf luences , 156-58

ni t rogen depos i t ion and fer t i l i za t ion ,

152 -54

prec ip i ta t ion f requency and in tens i ty

changes , 143-46

subs t r at e supp ly d i s tu rbances and

man ipu l a t i ons , 146 -52

seasonal pa t te rns of , 6 -7

shading inf luence on , 152

SOC inf luence o n , 82-8 3 , 84f , 117

source component separa t ion of , 187-214,

188f

expe r imen ta l man ipu l a t i on me thods ,

188-95, 188f

inference ana lys is , 1 88 , 188f

In fe r ence and mode l ing me thods ,

209 -11

iso tope methods , 188, 188f , 195-208,

197t

re la t ive cont r ibut ions , 212-14, 213f

spa t ia l pa t te rns in , 115-28

biomes , 120-28, 121t , 122f , 127t

landscape , 117-19, 118f

regional scale, 118-20, 119f

stand level , 115-16, 117t

tempora l var ia t ions in , 108-15

decadal and centennia l , 113-15,

l 14 f

diurna l and weekly , 108-9 , 108f

in terannual , 112-13, 112f

seasonal , 110-12, 111f

of to ta l b iosphere resp i ra t ion , 24 , 243-4 4,

243f

index 2006 soil respiration and the environment

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