income inequality in the u.s. - brookings institution · wealth inequality in the u.s. davies et...
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INCOME INEQUALITY IN THE U.S.
Reardon & Bischoff (2011)
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69.8%
10%
% of Families % of Wealth
32.7%
1%
WEALTH INEQUALITY IN THE U.S.
Davies et al. (2007)
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WEALTH INEQUALITY BY RACE/ETHNICITY
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
White African
American
Latino
Me
dia
n
HH
Ass
ets
($)
McKernan et al. (2013)
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HOUSING SEGREGATION: BLACK-WHITE DISSIMILARITY
81 80 79
78 76
74
73
Population Studies Center,
University of Michigan
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WHITE SEGREGATION IN ST. LOUIS
ACS, 2009-2013
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A LEGACY OF PAST POLICIES…
Coates (2014) Rothstein (2014)
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A LEGACY OF PAST POLICIES (~1910-1968)
Local Policies
Racial Zoning
Restrictive Covenants
Federal Policies
FHA Redlining
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…PERPETUATED BY CURRENT POLICIES
Local Policies
e.g., Exclusionary (Low-Density) Zoning
State Policies
e.g., Education Funding
Federal Policies
e.g., Mortgage Interest Deduction
Multi-level Policies
e.g., Siting of Affordable Housing
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1968 FAIR HOUSING ACT
NAACP Members
Picket in Detroit (1963) Source: Reuther Library, Wayne State University
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REINFORCING THE FAIR HOUSING ACT
▪ U.S Supreme Court decision
▪ Texas Dept. of Housing and Community Affairs v.
The Inclusive Communities Project
▪ Recognizes “disparate impact” claims
▪ HUD’s “New Rule”
▪ “Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing” (“AFFH”)
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csd.wustl.edu
Inclusive Housing