Inclusive Tourism

Tourism provides a wide range of economic opportunities, especially fordeveloping and least developed countries:

Transport, communications, infrastructure, education, security, health,

immigration, customs, accommodation, agriculture and creativeindustries

Tourism

Inclusive Tourism

Aim?

• to foster linkages and interaction between the different actors in the tourism industry

• to form partnerships with private actors and stimulates the local economy

• to promote the integration of women and the active involvement of local communities

• to emphasise sustainability by taking environmental, social and economic factors into

account

How?• by integrating poor local communities in tourism value chains through active

entrepreneurial participation• by ensuring tourism products/services meet international requirements• by providing market expertise, capacity building, policy advocacy, and formal market

linkages• by working with existing tourism destinations and supply sectors

The typical visitor journey

A simplified Tourism Value Chain

(ex. Uganda)

Accommodation

Hotels/Lodges/camps/etc.

Accommodation

Hotels/Lodges/camps/etc.

Food & Beverages

Restaurants,

Markets, Wholesalers, retailers

Producers, farmers

Food & Beverages

Restaurants,

Markets, Wholesalers, retailers

Producers, farmers

Souvenirs

Souvenir shops, markets, sellers

Craftsmen, local producers

Souvenirs

Souvenir shops, markets, sellers

Craftsmen, local producers

Transportation

Regional & Local

Bus, taxi, car rental, etc.

Transportation

Regional & Local

Bus, taxi, car rental, etc.

Excursions

Guides, tour operators, travel agencies, etc.

Excursions

Guides, tour operators, travel agencies, etc.

United Nations

Steering Committee on Tourism for Development

Delivering as One for Tourism

The SCTD is an innovative approach to Delivering as One: Delivering as One for

Tourism, as a sectoral approach. It is a transformational partnership.

SCTD main objectives:

1. Support Developing countries needs for implementing tourism for development in an

integrated approach, building on the strengths of each UN agency

2. Monitor progress of development through DTIS (Diagnostic of Trade

Integration Study), as well as through new econometric models

3. Mobilize necessary financial resources through existing funding

mechanisms (such as EIF), and work towards the creation of a Multi Donors Trust

Fund for Tourism (for LDCs, and countries -ODA eligible).

4. Mainstream tourism in the global development agenda, as an instrument for

development, poverty reduction and a green growth.

SCTD Tourism Services Portfolio

“Tourism for Development”

Integrated Tourism Development

Areas of intervention Implementing agencies

UNWTOITC

UNDP

UNEP

ILO

UNESCOUNIDO

UNCTAD

WTO

The SCTD provides specialized tourism assistance aimed to maximize tourism’s

capacity to support countries in reaching their development goals, while preserving

their cultural and environmental assets. The Services Portfolio on Tourism for

Development compiles the services available to LDCs and developing countries.

The Services Portfolio makes available over 50 types of services organized around four pillars:

Encouraging human resources development

BBuilding good governance and sustainability in tourism

Promoting investment in the tourism economy

Fostering the poverty reduction impact of tourism

1

2

3

4

3. Fostering the poverty reduction impact of tourism

Reducing poverty by developing value-chain linkages between the tourism

industry and local producers of goods and services in LDCs

A. Rationale for working on business linkages for poverty reduction

-90% of DTIS linked to tourism state the creation of business linkages as key challenge.

-Increasing interest by hotel chains, restaurants and tour operators to invest more in

local sourcing.

-Limited capacities and skills of entrepreneurs to meet quality requirements of hotels,

restaurants and tour operators.

B. Objective of joint support

- Maximise the tourism industry’s positive impact on local producers and service

providers & entrepreneurs (e.g. agro-food, creative industries, services).

- LDCs able to take advantage of the complementary institutional and technical

strengths of the different SCTD/UN Agencies (ITC, UNWTO, UNCTAD, UNDP and ILO).

3. Fostering the poverty reduction impact of tourism

Applying an integrated approach to developing sustainable & inclusive

business linkages

A. In-depth feasibility assessment identifying products and services currently sourced

from abroad by the tourism industry that could potentially be met by local supply.

B. Facilitate stakeholder meetings to identify business opportunities for the tourism

industry and how a demand-driven approach can link them with local producers.

C. Enhance supply capacity, consistency and quality characteristics of local products

and services to meet demand requirements of tourism industry and their customers.

D. Cross-cutting: Strengthen support services by trade and tourism support entities

and affected communities through the development of institutional capacities.

ITC Inclusive Tourism Opportunity Study Guidelines

Aim: guideline to carry out a value chain based Inclusive Tourism needs assessment/project formulation

� identification of "winner" tourism products and services with marketpotential

� Identification of small producers thatproduce or could produce the selected products and services

PHASE 1: DIAGNOSIS OF THE CURRENT SITUATION AND CONTEXT

• Step 1- Defining scope and target group(s)

• Step 2- Mapping the Value Chain and its Context

• Step 3- Mapping where the Poor Participate

• Step 4- Conduct fieldwork with Tourists, Enterprises and Support Institutions to gather data and perspectives

• Step 5- Tracking Revenue Flows, Pro-Poor Income and Barriers facing the poor (pro-poor income)

PHASE 2: PROJECT OPPORTUNITIES, PRIORITIZATION AND FEASIBILITY

• Step 6- Identifying where in the Value Chain to seek change

• Step 7- Analysis of strategies

• Step 8- Developing a long list of intervention options

• Step 9- Developing the short list

PHASE 3: DEVELOPMENT OF A WORKPLAN

• Step 10- Developing a project idea

• Step 11- Project programming

FOLLOWED BY:

• Validation roundtable with stakeholder and government to refine and validate project proposal

• Submission of proposal to donors & Implementation

The target audience:

• International and national consultants

• Government

Assessment of Tourism Value Chain & Service providers

Accommodation

Hotels/Lodges/camps/etc.

Accommodation

Hotels/Lodges/camps/etc.

Food & Beverages

Restaurants,

Markets, Wholesalers,

retailers

Producers, farmers,

Food & Beverages

Restaurants,

Markets, Wholesalers,

retailers

Producers, farmers,

Souvenirs

Souvenir shops, markets, sellers

Craftsmen, local producers

Souvenirs

Souvenir shops, markets, sellers

Craftsmen, local producers

Transportation

Regional & Local

Bus, taxi, car rental, etc.

Transportation

Regional & Local

Bus, taxi, car rental, etc.

Excursions

Guides, tour operators, travel agencies, etc.

Excursions

Guides, tour operators, travel agencies, etc.

Pro-poor income mapping

Villages / tourist sites / transport companies/

Homes

Sufficient or fairly poor

Raw silk producer,

Cotton producer, Raw

material intermediary

Fruit & veg Vendor –wholesalers – dist ributors

Markets

Meat producer / vendor

FishermanLocal transport

Bread/noodle/rice supplier

Food (dry) vendor

Cof fee/tea grower

Hotel

Indirect

supplie

r

Serv

ice

Pro

vid

er

Direct

supplie

r

Wo

rker

Ow

ner

Construction workers

Furniture Makers

Transport companies

Resort StallsRest. ShopsTranspTO Guide

Family/

Individ.

Ind.Company

Construction & equipment

companies

Fairly poor/poor

Fairly poor

Wholesalers

Producers

Local transport

WiM

EM

WiM/EM

G.house

Accommodation

Markets

Food

Private Farm Stalls

Tours /Excursions Handicraft

Private

invest

Foreign/local local

Comp. Comp.

local

Family/

IndividualFamily

Comp.

Priv.in

vest

Family/

Individu

al

Coop.

Family/

Individ

Family/

Individ

Company

Foreign/local

Fairly poor / poor or rural poorFairly poor/ Poor

Individual Farmers

Farmers groups

Thai /Vietnam/Laos

Fairly poor/

Poor or rural

poor

WiM / EMWsP / EMWsPWsP

WsP

local

Sufficient/ Fairly poor/ Poor Fairly poor/rural p.

WsP: woman a significant proportion

WiM: Women in majority

EM: Ethnic minority

Implementation – ITC Inclusive Tourism Training Modules

Core Training Module:

LINKING BUSINESS SECTORS TO

TOURISM MARKETS

Module on Artistic

and Cultural

Performance:

LINKING ARTISTS TO TOURISM MARKETS

Module on

Agriculture:

LINKING AGRICULTURAL

SECTOR TO TOURISM MARKETS

Module on

Environmental

Management:

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND

CLIMATE CHANGE

Module on

Handicraft Products:

LINKING THE HANDICRAFT

SECTOR TO TOURISM MARKETS

Module on Tourist

Hospitality

Management:

BUILDING LOCAL CAPACITY FOR THE

TOURISM JOB MARKET

Linking agriculture to tourism markets

The Module on Agriculture illustrates possible interventions and partnershipsbetweenagro products and the tourism industry.

Aim: To provide farmers and fishermen with the tools they need to assess the

tourism market, and buyers with the skills to develop sustainable partnerships withlocal producers.

The target audience:

• Representatives of farmer community institutions

• Potential and existing private sector partners

• Government representatives involved in

the tourism sector or other related industries

• Local support organizations (NGOs)

Linking environmental management and climate change

to tourism markets

The Environment Management and climate change module shows how tomanage tourism developments optimally in terms of the environment.

Aim: To encourage governments, businesses, communities and people to ‘act

locally while thinking globally’. Information on efficient and effective energy use,reduction in wastes, recycling and re-use and guidelines on environmental

management for eco-hospitality.

The target audience:

• Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSME’s)

• Producer groups, governmental bodies

• Community institutions & NGOs

• Tourism industry (Tour operators, Hotels, Restaurants)

Linking artists to tourism markets

The artistic-cultural training module shows ways to develop local artistic andcultural services and marketing these through the tourism value chain.

Aim: to develop and market local artistic and cultural services.

The target audience:

• Public sector offices

• Private sector associations

• NGOs supporting the artistic sector

• Artists’ associations/organizations

• Private tourism sector (Hotels, Tour operator)

• Individual artists

Linking handicraft to tourism markets

The Module on Handicraft products indicates ways for artisans on how to adapttheir products to international requirements (quality, trends, designE) and link their

products to tourist markets.

Aim: to increase the artisans’ income and to provide facilitators with the know-howto develop sustainable business linkages between handicraft producers and the

tourism markets.

The target audience:

• Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises

(MSME’s)

• Producer groups and associations

• Governmental bodies

• NGOs supporting the craft sector

Linking hospitality to tourism markets

The Hospitality Management manual describes how the hospitality and cateringindustry operates optimally to fulfil guest expectations and needs.

Aim: To establish an appealing and suitable teaching method for tourist

establishments in developing countries focus on typical gaps and barriers.

The target audience:

• Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises

(MSME’s)

• Community institutions and NGOs

• Tourism industry (Hotels, Restaurants)

Impact Measurement Tool

Tailor-made for the following sectors:

• Agro-food products

• Creative Industries

• Inclusive Tourism

Undertaken at 3 stages of the project:

• start, prior to project implementation (baseline)

• half-way to be able to take corrective actions

• completion of project in order to assess final impact

Face to face interviews with beneficiary households

Survey

A. Social indicators

B. Economic indicators

C. Community development

D. Project-specific information

(agriculture, textile or tourism

sector)

Social indicators:

- Housing situation- Literacy and education

Economic indicators:

- Annual income

- Ownership of assets/livestock

Community development:indicators:

- Nutrition

- Access to facilities (education, infrastructure, health services)

-Membership of co-operatives

Product-specific information:

- Materials used and availability- Environmental impact

Indicators

Examples of applying the IMT -

Results of inclusive tourism project in Brazil

Social indicators: Education level – family members

Results: Decrease in illiteracy

37%

22%

11%

5% 5% 5%

10%

4%2%

10%

47%

12%

8% 7%5% 5% 5%

2%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

Illite rate Basic

education

not

completed

High

school

completed

Pre-school High

school not

completed

Basic

education

completed

Literate University

completed

University

not

comple ted

% o

f to

tal b

en

efi

cia

rie

s

Education level - family members

2005 2007

Results: Applying the IMT

Economic indicators: Family income level

Results: Increase of households income

7%

32%

27%

11%

4% 3% 4%1%

10%

6%

22%

39%

14%

6% 5%2%

1%

6%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

Up to 1/2

MS

1/2 - 1 MS 1 - 2 MS 2 - 3 MS 3 - 5 MS 5 - 10 MS More than

10 MS

No income Doesn't

know/No

answer

% o

f to

tal h

ou

seh

old

s

Family income level

2005 2007MS : minimum salary

Results: Applying the IMT

Tourism indicators: The population’s perception on tourist development’s principal positive

impact

Results: The large majority (73.3%) considers the generation of employment, work and

income as the most important impact

Population’s perception regarding tourist

development’s principal positive impact

Creation of

employment,

work and

income

74%

Progress &

Development

5%

Courses &

Training

2%

Other

4%

Doesn't

know/No

answer

15%

ITC project development & implementation

LATIN AMERICA

Brazil

Bolivia

Colombia (PD)

El Salvador

Jamaica (PD)

AFRICA

Benin

Gambia (PD)

Mozambique

Senegal (PD)

Uganda (PD)

ASIA

India (PD)

Lao PDR

Maldives (PD)

Philippines (PD)

Samoa (PD)

Tonga (PD)

Vietnam

MIDLE EAST

Syria (PD)

PD: Opportunity Study& Project Development

Lessons learnt

• Scaling up: shift from Community-based Tourism to Inclusive Tourism• Economic sustainability:

• Focus on income generating backward linkages• Create corporate linkages on local and international level to achieve

win-sin situation (Cruise ship companies, Hotel chains, etc.)

• Tap on existing tourism destinations• Work only with commercially viable and already existing sectors

• Coordinated assistance by involving several UN agencies (SCTD)• Use enhanced tourism supply capacity as spring board for exports

Issues – open for discussion

• Government support – weak tourism institutions• Informality of tourism sector suppliers

• Donor funding cycle of 2-3 years - exit strategy• External shocks

• Skills development - weak hospitality training facilities

• Women and youth involvement