inclusive and effective global economic governance:
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Inclusive and Effective Global Economic Governance:. A challenge of our times Graduate Program in International Affairs Practicum in International Affairs Presentation Client: United Nations Department of Social and Economic Affairs Strategic Planning Department Aditi Shukla Manjola Karame - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Inclusive and Effective Global Economic Governance:A challenge of our timesGraduate Program in International AffairsPracticum in International Affairs Presentation
Client: United Nations Department of Social and Economic Affairs Strategic Planning Department
Aditi ShuklaManjola KarameMartine NedregårdMartin Wøldike
Advisor: Ambassador Rafat Mahdi
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UN Resolution:•Secretary -General’s Report
•Reaffirm UN’s role in global economic governance
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Client•United Nations Department of Economic
and Social Affairs ▫Strategic Planning Division
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Client Objective•Find a solution to the current state of
global economic governance
•Put the UN on center stage
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•“In what way can the UN system be strengthened to play a leading role in global economic governance facilitating both more coherent and better coordinated multilateral policy responses to global challenges?”
Client Objective
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Background• Failure of international community to handle
crisis through a representative body
• Weaknesses of current international economic system highlighted
• Current system inadequate
• How can the UN play a leading role?
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Methodology•Qualitative Research Methods
•Interviews with prominent UN Ambassadors▫G20 ▫Global Governance Group
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Why the UN?•Of its universal character with
▫Inclusive representation ▫Global outreach▫Long expertise
•Widely regarded as legitimate
•Can create international law
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Dilemma:•Efficacy v. legitimacy and inclusiveness
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Deficits in Global Economic Governance•Coherence
•Legitimacy
•Inclusiveness
•Effectiveness
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Lack of Coherence• Myriad of actors, but little coordination
• Gaps to bridge and overlaps to break
• Will improve general effectiveness
• How to address the incoherence in a legitimate and effective way?
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Lack of Legitimacy•Need for
inclusiveness/outreach/representation
•Need for effectiveness
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Balancing Effectiveness and Inclusiveness•Tradeoffs between effectiveness and
inclusiveness
•What is the “optimal” balance?
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Criteria• Criteria of the selection of the 47 countries in the
United Nations Economic Global Governance Council:▫ Population density▫ Nominal GDP▫ Number of states in the region
• Effectiveness and inclusiveness of a global economic governance body are most efficiently maintained through a model of regional representation
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UN Regional Groupings• Council is organized in terms of the five UN Regional Groups:
▫ Africa —53 countries▫ Asia —53 countries▫ Eastern Europe —23 countries▫ Latin America and the Caribbean —33 countries▫ Western Europe and Others —28 countries
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UNEGG Council Seat AllocationsAfrica Asia E.Eur LA&C WE&O
Seats 10 14 6 7 10
Total UNEGG Council Seats: 47
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Population Sub-Group•Population
▫In order to represent countries with substantial populations.
▫Countries with the largest population must be present to make a substantial impact and effect a large body of people
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GDP Sub-Groups•3 subgroups dedicated to the three
nominal GDP divisions of high, middle and low in the region:▫Economic diversity▫Seat eligibility
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Baseline UNEGG Council Seat Allocations
Africa (53) Asia (53)E. Eur (23) LA&C (33)
WE&O (28)
Population +1 +1 +1 +1 +1High +1 +1 +1 +1 +1Middle +1 +1 +1 +1 +1Low +1 +1 +1 +1 +1Regional Seats 4 4 4 4 4
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Seats Based on Percentage of World GDP•Proportion of seats should be allocated
based on the region’s access to the resources in question for the sake of effectiveness of the council- 15% threshold:▫Every 15% share of total world GDP a
region is allocated an additional seat.
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Percentage of Total World GDP by Region
Region
Regional Nominal GDP/World Nominal
GDP % of Total World GDPAfrica 1,715,480 / 62,930,725 0.02725 2.7%
Asia 18,673,481 / 62,930,725 0.2967 29.7%
Eastern Europe 3,079,217 / 62,930,725 0.0489 4.9%Latin America & Caribbean 4,889,582 / 62,930,725 0.0776 7.8%Western Europe and Others 34,572,965 / 62,930,725 0.5493 54.9%
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Calculation of “15%Threshold” Seats by Region
Region% of World GDP
Rounded Up
% of World GDP (Rounded Up) /
15 15% Rule SeatsAfrica 3% 3/15 = .2 0
Asia 30% 30/15 = 2 2
Eastern Europe 5% 5/15 = .333 0Latin America & Caribbean 8% 8/15 = .533 0Western Europe and Others 55% 55/15 = 3.667 3
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UNEGG Council Seat Allocations + World GDP “15% Threshold”
(53) (53) E. Eur (23) LA&C (33) WE&O (28)Population 1 1 1 1 1High 1 1 1 1 1Middle 1 1 1 1 1Low 1 1 1 1 1Open Seat 0 +2 0 0 +3Regional Seats 4 6 4 4 7
Total UNEGG Council Seats: 25
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Open Seats• The region will be permitted to democratically
allocate their open seats as they see fit.
• There are no restrictions on the nomination for the seats other than membership in the region.
• Flexibility▫ Acceptance of the Council ▫ Encourage energetic participation.
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UNEGG Council Seat Allocations + World GDP “15% Threshold”
(53) (53)E. Eur (23) LA&C (33)
WE&O (28)
Population 1 1 1 1 1
High 1 1 1 1 1
Middle 1 1 1 1 1
Low 1 1 1 1 1
Open Seat 0 +2 0 0 +3Regional Seats 4 6 4 4 7Total UNEGG Council Seats: 25
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Population Size•The largest populations must have a seat
at the table as their decisions impact a large proportion of the global economy.
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Seats Based on Percentage of World Population• The “>1% rule” will ensure that all member
states with populations exceeding 1% of the world population are eligible for nomination for the regional population seat.
• Each region is given an additional seat for every third country which accounts for greater than 1% of the world’s population.
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Seats Based on Percentage of World Population
Region Countries with >1% of World Population
Number of Countries
Additional Population Seats
Africa Nigeria, Egypt, Ethiopia 3 1Asia China, India, Indonesia,
Pakistan, Bangladesh, JapanPhilippines, Vietnam, Iran
9 3
Eastern Europe Russia 1 0
Latin America & Caribbean
Brazil, Mexico 2 0
Western Europe & Others
United States, Germany, Turkey
3 1
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Seats Based on Percentage of World Population
Africa Asia E.Eur LA&C WE&O
Population 1 + 1 1 + 3 1 1 1 + 1High 1 1 1 1 1Middle 1 1 1 1 1Low 1 1 1 1 1Open Seats 0 2 0 0 3Regional Seats 5 9 4 4 8
Total UNEGG Council Seats: 30
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Seats based on States to Seat Ratio•“10:1 ratio”– calls for the allocation of an
additional seat for every 10 member states in a region
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Seats based on States to Seat Ratio
RegionNumber of
Member StatesNumber of
Member States/10“10:1 Ratio” Seats
(rounded down)
Africa 53 53/10 = 5.3 5
Asia 53 53/10 = 5.3 5
Eastern Europe 23 23/10 = 2.3 2Latin America & Caribbean 33 33/10 = 3.3 3Western Europe and Others 28 28/10 = 2.8 2
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UNEGG Council Seat Allocations + 10:1 Ratio
Africa (53) Asia (53) E. Eur (23) LA&C (33) WE&O (28)Population 2 4 1 1 2High 1 1 1 1 1Middle 1 1 1 1 1Low 1 1 1 1 1Open Seats +5 2 + 5 +2 +3 3 + 2Regional Seats 10 14 6 7 10Total UNEGG Council Seats: 47
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The UNEGG CouncilAfrica (53) Asia (53) E. Eur (23) LA&C (33) WE&O (28)
Population 2 4 1 1 2
High 1 1 1 1 1
Middle 1 1 1 1 1
Low 1 1 1 1 1
Open seat 5 7 2 3 5Regional Seats 10 14 6 7 10
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Conclusion• United Nations is well-positioned to play a
leading role in shaping an effective, representative and coherent system of global economic governance.
• We endorse the proposed model for a UNEGG Council
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Thank You!•Alia and Mark
•Mr. Navid Hanif
•Ms. Madhushree Chatterjee
•The UN Ambassadors
•And of course, our Ambassador Rafat Mahdi