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INCANDESCENT LAMPS
INTRODUCTION
LAMP CONSTRUCTION
LAMP TYPES
OPERATION
EVALUATION
APPLICATIONS
SPECIAL LAMPS
INCANDESCENT LIGHT SOURCES
DEFINITIONS:SOURCE OF ELECTRIC LIGHT THAT ILLUMINATES THROUGH INCANDESCENCE (A GENERAL TERM FOR HEAT-DRIVEN LIGHT EMISSIONS).
INCANDESCENT LAMPS
INTRODUCTION
LAMP CONSTRUCTION
LAMP TYPES
OPERATION
EVALUATION
APPLICATIONS
SPECIAL LAMPS
INCANDESCENT LIGHT SOURCES
INCANDESCENT LAMPS
INTRODUCTION
LAMP CONSTRUCTION
LAMP TYPESSHAPES
SIZES
OPERATION
EVALUATION
APPLICATIONS
SPECIAL LAMPS
INCANDESCENT LIGHT SOURCES
INCANDESCENT LAMPS
INTRODUCTION
LAMP CONSTRUCTION
LAMP TYPESSHAPES
SIZES
OPERATION
EVALUATION
APPLICATIONS
SPECIAL LAMPS
PAR LAMPS
PARABOLIC ALUMINIZED REFLECTOR (PAR) LAMPS:
ALLOW DIRECTED BEAM CONTROL EITHER AS A SPOT (NARROW) OR A FLOOD (WIDE).
PAR LAMPS ARE CONSTRUCTED OF HARD GLASS FOR EXTERIOR USE.
INCANDESCENT LAMPS
INTRODUCTION
LAMP CONSTRUCTION
LAMP TYPESSHAPES
SIZES
OPERATION
EVALUATION
APPLICATIONS
SPECIAL LAMPS
R LAMPS
INTERNAL REFLECTOR (R) LAMPS:
ALSO ALLOW DIRECTED BEAM CONTROL, EITHER AS A SPOT LIGHT OR FLOOD LIGHT.
THEY CONSTRUCTED OF SOFT GLASS AND ARE INTENDED FOR INTERIOR USE.
INCANDESCENT LAMPS
INTRODUCTION
LAMP CONSTRUCTION
LAMP TYPESSHAPES
SIZES
OPERATION
EVALUATION
APPLICATIONS
SPECIAL LAMPS
INCANDESCENT LIGHT SOURCES
INCANDESCENT LAMPS
INTRODUCTION
LAMP CONSTRUCTION
LAMP TYPES
OPERATIONCOLOR RENDITION
EFFICACY
LAMP LIFE
LUMEN MAINTENANCE
EVALUATION
APPLICATIONS
SPECIAL LAMPS
INCANDESCENT LIGHT SOURCES
COLOR RENDERING CHARACTERISTICS:
INCANDESCENT LAMPS PRODUCE A WHITE LIGHT WHICH IS WARMER THAN SUNLIGHT, RICH IN YELLOWS & REDS, WEAK IN GREENS & BLUES.
LOWER WATTAGES TEND TO BE WARMER & HIGH WATTAGES COOLER.
DIMMED LAMPS GIVE OFF A YELLOW-RED LIGHT.
INCANDESCENT LAMPS
INTRODUCTION
LAMP CONSTRUCTION
LAMP TYPES
OPERATIONCOLOR RENDITION
EFFICACY
LAMP LIFE
LUMEN MAINTENANCE
EVALUATION
APPLICATIONS
SPECIAL LAMPS
INCANDESCENT LIGHT SOURCES
COLOR RENDERING CHARACTERISTICS:
INCANDESCENT SOURCES PRODUCE LIGHT WHICH IS VERY FLATTERING TO SKIN TONES.
THE CORRELATED COLOR TEMPERATURE OF STANDARD INCANDESCENT LAMPS IS BETWEEN 2600 AND 3000K.
INCANDESCENT LAMPS
INTRODUCTION
LAMP CONSTRUCTION
LAMP TYPES
OPERATIONCOLOR RENDITION
EFFICACY
LAMP LIFE
LUMEN MAINTENANCE
EVALUATION
APPLICATIONS
SPECIAL LAMPS
RICHARD MORRIS HUNT, BREAKERS, NEWPORT, RHODE ISLAND, 1893-1895
COLOR RENDERING CHARACTERISTICS:
INCANDESCENT SOURCES HAVE EXCELLENT COLOR RENDERING CHARACTERISTICS.
INCANDESCENT LAMPS
INTRODUCTION
LAMP CONSTRUCTION
LAMP TYPES
OPERATIONCOLOR RENDITION
EFFICACY
LAMP LIFE
LUMEN MAINTENANCE
EVALUATION
APPLICATIONS
SPECIAL LAMPS
INCANDESCENT LIGHT SOURCES
EFFICACY:
INCANDESCENT SOURCES HAVE VERY LOW EFFICACY, BETWEEN 15 AND 25 LUMENS PER WATT.
EFFICACY INCREASES WITH WATTAGE.
INCANDESCENT LAMPS
INTRODUCTION
LAMP CONSTRUCTION
LAMP TYPES
OPERATIONCOLOR RENDITION
EFFICACY
LAMP LIFE
LUMEN MAINTENANCE
EVALUATION
APPLICATIONS
SPECIAL LAMPS
EFFICACY IS LOW
INCANDESCENT LAMPS
INTRODUCTION
LAMP CONSTRUCTION
LAMP TYPES
OPERATIONCOLOR RENDITION
EFFICACY
LAMP LIFE
LUMEN MAINTENANCE
EVALUATION
APPLICATIONS
SPECIAL LAMPS
LAMP LIFE IS SHORT: 750-3500 HOURS
INCANDESCENT LAMPS
INTRODUCTION
LAMP CONSTRUCTION
LAMP TYPES
OPERATIONCOLOR RENDITION
EFFICACY
LAMP LIFE
LUMEN MAINTENANCE
EVALUATION
APPLICATIONS
SPECIAL LAMPS
LUMEN MAINTENANCE: 80-90% AT 50% LIFE
INCANDESCENT LAMPS
INTRODUCTION
LAMP CONSTRUCTION
LAMP TYPES
OPERATION
EVALUATIONADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
APPLICATIONS
SPECIAL LAMPS
INCANDESCENT LIGHT SOURCES
ADVANTAGES:ACCURATE COLOR RENDITION.
LAMP LIFE IS INDEPENDENT OF THE NUMBER OF STARTS.
INSTANT START & RESTART.
SIMPLE & INEXPENSIVE DIMMING.
LOW INITIAL & REPLACEMENT COSTS.
COMPACT SIZE.
INEXPENSIVE FIXTURES.
FOCUSABLE AS A POINT SOURCE.
REQUIRES NO BALLAST.
INCANDESCENT LAMPS
INTRODUCTION
LAMP CONSTRUCTION
LAMP TYPES
OPERATION
EVALUATIONADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
APPLICATIONS
SPECIAL LAMPS
INCANDESCENT LIGHT SOURCES
DISADVANTAGES:
LARGE NUMBER OF SOURCES ARE REQUIRED BECAUSE OF THEIR LOW EFFICACY.
HIGH ELECTRICITY COSTS.
HIGH HEAT GAIN FROM LIGHTING.
SHORT LAMP LIFE RESULTING IN HIGHER MAINTENANCE COSTS.
INCANDESCENT LAMPS
INTRODUCTION
LAMP CONSTRUCTION
LAMP TYPES
OPERATION
EVALUATION
APPLICATIONS
SPECIAL LAMPS
INCANDESCENT LIGHT SOURCES
APPLICATIONS:INCANDESCENT SOURCES ARE USED WHERE USE IS INFREQUENT.
INCANDESCENT LAMPS
INTRODUCTION
LAMP CONSTRUCTION
LAMP TYPES
OPERATION
EVALUATION
APPLICATIONS
SPECIAL LAMPS
INCANDESCENT LIGHT SOURCES
APPLICATIONS:INCANDESCENT SOURCES ARE USED WHERE LOW COST DIMMING IS REQUIRED.
INCANDESCENT LAMPS
INTRODUCTION
LAMP CONSTRUCTION
LAMP TYPES
OPERATION
EVALUATION
APPLICATIONS
SPECIAL LAMPS
INCANDESCENT LIGHT SOURCES
APPLICATIONS:INCANDESCENT SOURCES ARE USED WHERE FOCUSING FIXTURES ARE NEEDED.
INCANDESCENT LAMPS
INTRODUCTION
LAMP CONSTRUCTION
LAMP TYPES
OPERATION
EVALUATION
APPLICATIONS
SPECIAL LAMPS
INCANDESCENT LIGHT SOURCES
APPLICATIONS:INCANDESCENT SOURCES ARE USED WHERE MINIMUM INITIAL COST IS CRUCIAL.
INCANDESCENT LAMPS
INTRODUCTION
LAMP CONSTRUCTION
LAMP TYPES
OPERATION
EVALUATION
APPLICATIONS
SPECIAL LAMPS
INCANDESCENT LIGHT SOURCES
APPLICATIONS:INCANDESCENT SOURCES ARE USED WHERE THEIR CHARACTERISTIC COLOR RENDERING IS REQUIRED
INCANDESCENT LAMPS
INTRODUCTION
LAMP CONSTRUCTION
LAMP TYPES
OPERATION
EVALUATION
APPLICATIONS
SPECIAL LAMPS
INCANDESCENT SOURCES ARE COMMONLY USED IN RESIDENTIAL APPLICATIONS.
INCANDESCENT LAMPS
INTRODUCTION
LAMP CONSTRUCTION
LAMP TYPES
OPERATION
EVALUATION
APPLICATIONS
SPECIAL LAMPS
INCANDESCENT LIGHT SOURCES
TUNGSTEN-HALOGEN LAMPS:
THE FILAMENT IS HOUSED WITHIN AN INNER QUARTZ ENVELOPE WHICH CAN TOLERATE HIGH OPERATING TEMPERATURES.
SLIGHT BETTER CRI.
EXTENDED LIFE (2000 TO 12000H).
GREATER LUMEN MAINTENANCE.