incandescent lamp application information

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CHICAGO MINIATURE LAMP, INC. WHERE INNOVATION COMES TO LIGHT

Whenever miniature Tungsten filament lamps are used in a sys-
tem, their function is always important and often vital. However,
there is usually far less thought given to the correct selection of
lamps than to most other system components. As a result, lamps
are not always used to their best advantage, or unsuitable lamps
may be chosen for a particular application, with inconvenient or
expensive consequences.
with an understanding of the basic technicalities of small lamps,
an appreciation of their capabilities and limitations, and some
guidance on their selection and use for optimum performance.
Lamp Construction
The critical working part of a lamp is the filament, which can be
resistance heated to incandescence and maintained in that condi-
tion for long periods. The material used for filaments is Tungsten,
because of its very high melting point, 3655°K, its high mechanical
strength, and its low rate of evaporation at elevated temperatures.
The filament is protected by a non-oxidizing environment, either
a vacuum or an inert gas, inside a glass bulb. The filament is
mounted between two electrode wires, which provide mechani-
cal support and which pass out through the glass to provide the
electrical connection.
The electrode wires are made from a special material known as
Dumet, a low resistance material which consists of a copper
sheath around a nickel-iron core, the dumet is constructed so
that its expansion coefficient is the same as that of the glass
used for the bulb. It is given a special surface treatment, permit-
ting an air-tight seal to be made where the electrodes pass
through the glass. Inside the lamp, the electrodes are supported
and insulated, commonly by means of a small glass bead melted
around them. The bead may also carry one or more pieces of
molybdenum wire, which are formed around the filament to pro-
vide additional mechanical support. In a "bead-sealed" lamp, the
bead itself is sealed into the neck of the glass bulb, and the elec-
trodes pass out directly through the bead.
The sealed glass bulb may be secured to a metal or plastic base
with connections soldered or welded to the electrodes, for
replaceable use in a corresponding lampholder or fitting.
Alternatively, the lamp may be used without a base, in "wire-ter-
minal" form, by connecting the external lengths of electrodes
directly into a circuit. For this purpose the electrodes may be tin
plated for solderability. The "wedge-base" lamp is a variation in
shape with the electrodes folded around it for direct replaceable
fit into a plug-in holder. In this case the electrodes are nickel plat-
ed to provide reliable connection.
Figure 1 shows the components and construction of a typical "butt-
sealed" lamp. The glass-to-metal seal is made by sealing the elec-
trodes between the neck of the bulb and a piece of glass tube. The
lamp is vacuum pumped through this tube, which is then sealed off
in a small tip close to the bulb neck. The slight variations in method
of construction for the above mentioned bead-sealed and wedge-
base types are shown in Figures 2 and 3, respectively.
F igure 3
F igure 2
E lectrode Dumet
Wedge-B ase Lamp C onstruction
T ube G lass E xhaust
S eal
F igure 1
Wire-T erminal Lamp
G lass B ulb and E xhaust T ube combined
G lass B ead
C omponents S ealed Assembly
T ungsten F ilament
2-2

Basic Principles of Lamp Operation
The practical limits of the radiant energy spectrum extend over a
range of wavelengths varying from a few picometers to one hun-
dred thousand miles (10¯¹² meters to 1.6 x 10 meters). Figure 4
shows a graphical representation of the spectrum and is useful
in indicating the relationship between various wavelength regions.
It should not be construed to indicate that each region of the spec-
trum is divided from the others. There is a gradual transition from
one region to another.
Light, which is radiant energy with wavelengths between 380 and
760 nanometers, is generated in in incandescent lamp by resis-
tance heating the filament so it will incandesce. At low tempera-
tures of incandescence, approximately 1300°K, most of the
energy is emitted in the infrared portion of the spectrum, and very
little falls into the visible portion. However, as the temperature
increases, the percentage of visible energy also increases, so
operation at the highest temperature possible is desirable for
greatest luminous efficacy (lumens per watt). Tungsten is ideally
suited for filament material because of this high temperature.
A Tungsten filament becomes incandescent (starts to emit visible
radiation) at approximately 1000°K. In vacuum lamp, typical fila-
ment operating temperatures are in the 1800°K to 2500°K range,
corresponding to luminous efficacies of 1 to 8 lumens per watt.
As efficacy is increased by raising the filament operating
temperature, the evaporation of Tungsten becomes more
rapid and life eventually becomes unacceptably short. To
offset this effect, the vacuum can be replaced by an inert
gas, such as Argon or Krypton, which will not react
chemically with the Tungsten. The pressure of the gas inside
the lamp suppresses and reduces the evaporation. It is then
practical to operate filaments in the temperature range of
2500°K to 2900°K, with luminous efficacies up to 17 or 18
lumens per watt.
The counter effect to gas filling is that the gas cools the filament.
Therefore, a filament designed for a vacuum lamp cannot be
used directly in a gas filled lamp because its cooler operation
would result in lower efficacy. To compensate for this, the
tungsten wire diameter must be reduced. Therefore, the
reduction in evaporation rate gained by gas filling can be offset
by the fact that the Tungsten is thinner initially. Consequently,
it is beneficial to use gas filling only with relatively thick
filaments, with relatively high current ratings. As a general guide
for miniature lamps, current ratings up to 0.3 amps are made in
vacuum, while current ratings above 0.3 amps may require gas
filling if high efficacy is required.
8
F igure 6
V acuum U.V .
V iolet B lue G reen Y ellow R ed
380 400 500 600 700 760
Wavelength in Nanometers
F M
B roadcast
1 X-Unit 1 Angstrom
1 Nanometer 1 Micron 1 C M 1 Meter 1 K ilometer
Wavelength in Meters T he radiant energy (electromagnetic) spectrum.
Incandescent Lamp Application Information
2-3
Filament temperatures are usually associated with color temper-
ature as opposed to actual temperature. A blackbody is defined
as a body which absorbs all radiation incident upon it, transmit-
ting and reflecting none. A blackbody will, for equal area, emit
more total power and more power at any given wavelength than
any other source operating at the same temperature. Figure 5
shows the power output versus wavelength for a blackbody radi-
ator at various temperatures. Filament color temperature is the
temperature at which a blackbody must be operated so its output
is the closest approximation to a perfect color match with the out-
put of the filament. Figure 6 shows color temperatures and per-
centages of energy output of some of the more popular incan-
descent lamps.
luminous intensity, and life are all interrelated. To obtain the
desired characteristics, the lamp designer can adjust the filament
wire diameter and length. However, because of their interrelation-
ship, not all combinations are possible.
1. Voltage-Generally, the higher the desired operating
voltage, the longer the filament must be. Because of the
length of wire required, even low voltage subminiature lamps
have filaments that are coiled. High voltage lamps, typically
above 6.3 volts, will require additional filament supports
called anchor wires. In some cases, the filament is so long
that it will have to be coiled twice to be able to fit in the size
bulb that is being used (See Figure7).
387 328 715 713 683 680
No. Lamp
V olts
(approx.) Avg.Life
2100°K 2350°K 2200°K 2150°K 1850°K 1800°K
T emperature F ilament
98.85% 97.62% 98.44% 98.64% 99.64% 99.69%
.7 Microns & up Infrared* R adiation
*Includes heat loss by conduction.
Typical Energy Distribution of some of the more popular subminiature incandescent lamps
Wavelength in Nanometers B lackbody radiation curves for operating temperatures between 500°K and 20,000°K showing Wien displacement of peaks . S haded area is region of vis ible wavelengths .
R a
d ia
n t
P o
w e
r O
u tp
u t
in E
R G
S /S
E C
/C M
²/ M
IC R
O N
F igure 7
Various Filament Shapes
C -6 C -2R C -2F C C -6 C C -2F
C oiled F ilament C oiled C oiled F ilament
V is ible R egion
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
1
10
10
7
6
5
4
3
2
-1
-2
2-4
2. Amperage-The current required by the filament is
determined by the resistance of the wire. A small diameter
wire will have a higher resistance and, therefore, will draw
less current. The temperature at which a filament operates is
also a major factor in determining the resistance because a
tungsten filament at 2,000°K has a resistance of ten times its
resistance at room temperature. (See Figure 8).
Inrush current is the current the filament requires when first
energized. Because of tungten's low resistance at room
temperature, the current will be very high initially. As the
filament heats up, the current will drop. The steady state
value of current is reached when the temperature of the
filament stabilizes. The time to reach steady state depends
on the temperature at which the filament will operate and the
size of the filament wire. A maintaining or "keep alive" voltage
across the filament will keep the filament warm in its off state,
and reduce the inrush current considerably. Typically, less
than one volt will bring the filament to the threshold of
incandescence and reduce the peak current by about 50%.
Figure 9 shows a typical inrush curve for a particular lamp.
The minimum current at which a lamp can operate is limited
by the size of the Tungsten wire that is available. The
maximum current is a function of the maximum permissable
wattage that can be dissipated by the bulb.
3. MSCP-The mean spherical candle power is the average
luminous intensity of a lamp in all directions. The
measurement is made by placing the lamp at the center of
an integrating sphere. This averages the light coming from
the lamp over the sphere's surface. The luminance of the
sphere surface is then measured. Because of differences in
measuring equipment, calibration is usually done using
MSCP standards available from the National Bureau of
Standards.
MSCP is a function of the filament color temperature and the
emitting surface area of the filament. For a given temperature,
doubling the surface area of the filament will essentially double
luminous efficacy and color temperature for vacuum lamps.
Because of directional radiation characteristics of lamps,
there is no direct relationship between MSCP and
footcandles. However, if the light distribution from a lamp were
equal in all directions, a lamp with an MSCP of one would also
measure one footcandle at one foot distance. The inverse
square law would apply for distances other than one foot.
MSCP is directly related to lumens, as 4π x MSCP=lumens.
4. Life-Of all the operating characteristics, lamp life is the
least predictable. Exact life performance to burnout cannot
be determined for any incandescent lamp under any set of
conditions. The lamp filament must deteriorate to produce
illumination, and actual life is a function of this deterioration.
Life is defined as the point at which the lamp fails to light.
Rated lamp life figures are usually determined
mathematically as the point at which the filament wire weight
has been reduced by ten percent. The figures obtained are
then confirmed by actual laboratory testing. Since it is
sometimes impractical to run life tests at rated voltages,
accelerated testing is done. Factors are then applied
depending on the voltage, and lamp life is estimated from this.
C olor temperature (K elvin) T ungsten R es istance vs . T emperature
R e
la tiv
e R
e si
st a
n ce
R e
la tiv
e R
e si
st a
n ce
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
C olor temperature (K elvin) Luminous E fficacy vs . T emperature
M .S
.C .P
R ANG E
.65
.60
.55
.50
.45
.40
.35
.30
.25
.20
.15
.10
2-5
The relationship between accelerated life values and rated life
values is generally determined as a function of the 12th power of
This relationship was established many years ago and is used
extensively. It should be understood that figures obtained are only
approximate, and the greater the difference between the accelerat-
ed voltage and rated voltage, the greater the percentage of error.
Application
The application in which lamps actually operate is usually differ-
ent than conditions under which they are typically tested. Lab life
testing is done at rated voltages with lamps operating in parallel
on 60 cycle alternating current from a constant voltage source.
Shortened life can be expected if lamps operate either on direct
current, in series, or from a constant current source, some
increase in life performance can be expected if the voltage
across the lamp is below rated voltage. The environment can
also have an effect on lamp characteristics. Shock and vibration,
high ambient temperature and helium atmospheres can all
reduce the operating life.
Rerating
Many times users can not find a lamp in the catalog which will
meet the necessary requirements at its rated voltage. It is some-
times possible, however, to rerate a lamp of a different voltage to
satisfy the need. The following relationships can be used to
determine what the current and MSCP will be for a lamp operat-
ing at a voltage other than rated.
Additionally, the previously mentioned 12th power law for life can
be used to estimate the rerated life. It must again be emphasized
that these relationships are only approximate. The greater the
deviation from rated voltage, the greater the percentage of error.
Direct Current
The reduction in lamp life from D.C. operation is from filament
"notching". The Tungsten surface becomes very irregular after
burning, appearing very faceted from the formation of notches at
grain boundaries. These notches reduce the filament diameter at
various points, creating hot spots, and faster evaporation and
reduced filament strength become the dominant factors influenc-
ing reduced lamp life.
with operating temperatures that are lower than that for signifi-
cant normal Tungsten evaporation. Because of this, operation at
a voltage lower than rated voltage usually does not yield the
increase in life normally expected.
Series Operation
As a lamp ages and the Tungsten evaporates, the resistance
increases. Because of different resistances initially, and different
rates of evaporation during operation, lamps in series will not
have the same resistance. Those filaments with the higher resis-
tance will drop in correspondingly greater voltage, and as the
resistance increases at a faster rate, the voltage will also drop.
Therefore, lamps in a series circuit with the higher voltage
across them will fail prematurely.
Constant Current
When lamps operate from a constant or nearly constant current
source, as in the case of a series resistance, life is reduced
approximately 50%. In both cases, the increase in resistance from
Tungsten evaporation results in a higher voltage across the lamp.
However, in many situations, a series resistor is used to drop the
voltage of the lamp to a point below the rated voltage. The lamp
life may then be greater than the rated life, depending on the
actual voltage across the lamp.
Multiplexing
D.C. pulsing, or driving lamps with very short, higher voltage puls-
es, is feasible, but it must be carefully controlled. Frequency, duty
cycle and peak voltage all should be determined to optimize lamp
life. The MSCP of the lamp should be equivalent to the rated
MSCP, as if the lamp was operated at rated voltage. Reducing
either the duty cycle or the peak voltage will reduce the MSCP.
Also, the frequency must be high enough to prevent the lamp
from flickering. If the frequency is too low, the filament tempera-
ture will fluctuate and reach higher temperatures than normal.
These higher temperatures, even for brief periods of time, will
cause excessive Tungsten evaporation. (SeeFigures 11 and 12).
The operating frequency should be kept above 400 Hz to mini-
mize this temperature fluctuation.
Since the lamp is still operating on direct current, filament
notching will exist, and the anticipated lamp life will be
shortened accordingly.
=
=
(
(
)
)
T ime (Milliseconds) C olor temperature variation when lamps are pulsed at 60Hz, 5% duty cycle.
C o
lo r
T e
m p
e ra
tu re
(K e
lv in
2-6
Shock and Vibration
Miniature lamps are susceptible to damage from shock and
vibration. The lamp filament is a coiled wire supported at both
ends; like a spring, it is free to vibrate. Over time this vibration
causes excessive filament twisting, which eventually leads to
lamp failure. If a shock imparted to the lamp is great enough,
failure will occur immediately.
Shock and vibration analysis and testing of lamps are usually
done very early in their operating life. Therefore the lamps
seldom fail. However, as lamps age, filaments become more
and more brittle, and consequently, are more vulnerable to
shock and vibration failure. Direct current operation will embrittle
a filament faster than alternating current, due to the notching
previously described. Also, lamps are more prone to fail when
no current is being passed through the filament, since the
filament is less flexible when cold.
Even though shock and vibration are primary factors reducing
lamp reliability, they can seldom be avoided. Certain precautions
can be taken, however, to optimize performance.
•Use lower voltage, non-anchored filament lamps. Higher
voltage lamps generally have longer, finer diameter filaments,
so in addition to not being as strong, there are more points
along the filament where failure may occur. Also, because
anchor wires physically separate the filament into different
segments, there will be a greater number of resonant points.
•Derate lamps to lower filament temperatures. This will retard
grain growth and extend the time to embrittlement.
•Maintain a "keep alive" voltage across the lamp in the off
condition. The filament is most brittle when it is cold.
•Select mounting hardware to isolate the lamps to provide
shock and vibration dampening wherever possible.
Ambient Temperature
ture range. Once again, for extreme conditions, care must be
taken to select the proper lamp.
High ambient temperatures induce the "Water Cycle". During
lamp manufacture, water vapor is absorbed by the lamp compo-
nents, especially the glass and wire. As long as this water is
retained by the materials, it has no detrimental effect. However,
at high temperatures, the water will precipitate from the glass and
decompose when heated by the filament. Free hydrogen passes
off, and the oxygen combines with the Tungsten to form
Tungsten Oxide, which will deposit on the glass wall of the enve-
lope. The free hydrogen will then reduce the oxide, leaving
metallic Tungsten on the glass, combining with the oxygen to
again form water. The water molecules then return to the fila-
ment and a new cycle is begun.
The water cycle occurs when the glass temperature exceeds
100°C, and at higher temperatures the process is accelerated.
Under severe conditions, lamp life may be only a few hours.
Lamps can be only expected to operate up to 130°C for short
periods of time.
high ambient conditions.
normal lamp operating temperature are cumulative.
•Derate lamps to reduce operating temperature.
•Optimize heat sinking and supply ample ventilation
whenever possible.
Low ambient temperatures do not present any problems to
reliable operation. However, if the lamp is mounted with a rigid
potting material, differences between that material's expansion
and contraction characteristics and those of the lamp will crack
the glass. It is recommended that a semi-rigid or flexible
material such as silicone rubber be used for mounting.
Color Filtering
Incandescent lamps, due to their wide spectral emittance, can
be filtered to yield almost any color. Coating lamps with a specially
formulated mixture is a popular method of filtering which
eliminates the mounting problems often associated with external
filters. Where color requirements are critical, such as in aircraft
panel lighting, the coating mixture can be adjusted and lamps can
be preselected, so uniformity and precision are guaranteed.
External filters can also be used, but the flexibility and accuracy
of colors are generally lost. When using such filters, care must be
taken not to restrict the normal air supply to the lamp which can
cause the glass to reach excessive temperatures. A silicone
rubber boot placed over the lamp is one effective method of
filtering, providing some of the advantages of a coated lamp.
Differences in measuring techniques and equipment make it
difficult for the supplier and user to agree on the same criteria
when defining specifications for color. Equipment manufactur-
ers generally speak in terms of system colors, while compo-
nent manufacturers refer to lamp color. It is impractical for the
lamp manufacturer to maintain equipment identical to that of
each user supplied. To alleviate this problem, lamp standards
should be exchanged for correlation. In this way, all equipment
can be identically calibrated, and component measurements
will correlate.
2200
2000
1800
T ime (Milliseconds) C olor temperature variation when lamps are pulsed at 1000Hz, 5% duty cycle.
C o
lo r
T e
m p
e ra
tu re
(K e
lv in
2-7

Helium Environment
In some equipment, helium is used as a cooling gas, and lamps
must operate in this atmosphere. This presents some unique
problems, because helium molecules are so small, they tend to
pass right through the glass envelope. If the amount of helium
within the lamp is sufficient, it will cool the filament to the point
at which it will not incandesce, rendering the lamp useless.
Helium permeation is dependent on the thickness and composi-
tion of the glass envelope, and its temperature. It is imperative
that temperature be kept to a minimum, as it is the dominant fac-
tor in deciding the rate of permeation.
Special lamps are available specifically designed for operation in
a helium atmosphere, whose envelopes have thick walls, and
are made of lime glass. These lamps should be used if at all pos-
sible. If this is not practical, select a lamp with the lowest possible
wattage and temperature. Also, avoid the use of pure helium.
Handling
Shipping containers and packages provide adequate protection
to prevent damage from delivery. However, during equipment
assembly or installation, lamps should be handled with care.
Based lamps, designed for replacement, require no special care
other than to avoid extreme shocks. Wire terminal lamps are a bit
more fragile, and should be handled as described.
•Avoid bending the lamp leads at the point where they emerge
from the glass. Cracking the glass will allow air to enter the
vacuum. Excessively sharp bending can cause lead wire
breakage.
•Select cutting tools to minimize the shock imparted to the
lamp when trimming the lead wires.
•During soldering, do not allow the soldering iron to come in
contact with the glass envelope. Solder wicking up the lead
wires and contacting the glass should also be avoided.
Bulbs
A bulb is designated by a combination of letters and numbers.
The letter indicates the shape of the bulb, and the number indi-
cates the approximate maximum diameter of the bulb in eighths
of an inch.
For example, T-5 designates a tubular bulb that is approximately
5/8 of an inch in diameter. The letter L in a bulb's designation
indicates the bulb as a lens-end type. Various bulb shapes are
shown below.
Subminiature incandescent lamps are found in applications rang-
ing from decorative lighting in doll houses to instrument lighting in
aircraft. They successfully operate in environments as hostile as
that encountered on spacecraft during takeoff, or as calm as that
found on a stereo in a living room.
We at Chicago Miniature Lamp, through design, manufacturing
and quality control, will continue to improve the performance
and reliability of our lamps. We feel that new challenges can be
met and overcome through cooperation and understanding
between the lamp manufacturer and the user.
B
2-7
B Barrel Shape
Helium Environment
In some equipment, helium is used as a cooling gas, and lamps
must operate in this atmosphere. This presents some unique
problems, because helium molecules are so small, they tend to
pass right through the glass envelope. If the amount of helium
within the lamp is sufficient, it will cool the filament to the point at
which it will not incandesce, rendering the lamp useless.
Helium permeation is dependent on the thickness and composi-
tion of the glass envelope, and its temperature. It is imperative
that temperature be kept to a minimum, as it is the dominant
factor in deciding the rate of permeation.
Special lamps are available specifically designed for operation in
a helium atmosphere, whose envelopes have thick walls, and
are made of lime glass. These lamps should be used if at all pos-
sible. If this is not practical, select a lamp with the lowest possible
wattage and temperature. Also, avoid the use of pure helium.
Handling
Shipping containers and packages provide adequate protection
to prevent damage from delivery. However, during equipment
assembly or installation, lamps should be handled with care.
Based lamps, designed for replacements, require no special care
other than to avoid extreme shocks. Wire terminal lamps are a bit
more fragile, and should be handled as described.
•Avoid bending the lamp leads at the point where they emerge
from the glass. Cracking the glass will allow air to enter the
vacuum. Excessively sharp bending can cause lead wire breakage.
•Select cutting tools to minimize the shock imparted to the
lamp when trimming the lead wires.
•During soldering, do not allow the soldering iron to come in
contact with the glass envelope. Solder wicking up the lead
wires and contacting the glass should also be avoided.
Bulbs
A bulb is designated by a combination of letters and numbers.
The letter indicates the shape of the bulb, and the number indi-
cates the approximate maximum diameter of the bulb in eighths
of an inch.
For example, T-5 designates a tubular bulb that is approximately
5/8 of an inch in diameter. The letter L in a bulb's designation
indicates the bulb as a lens-end type. Various bulb shapes are
shown below.
ing from decorative lighting in doll houses to instrument lighting
in aircraft. They successfully operate in environments as hostile
as that encountered on spacecraft during takeoff, or as calm as
that found on a stereo in a living room.
We at Chicago Miniature Lamp, through design, manufacturing
and quality control, will continue to improve the performance
and reliability of our lamps. We feel that new challenges can be
met and overcome through cooperation and understanding
between the lamp manufacturer and the user.
2-8
Bases
The base provides support and convenient electrical contact for
the lamp. Most lamps make contact with the base by means of
solder connections, although for applications involving high
ambient heat or intense vibration, either hard solder or brass
contacts may be ordered.
bayonet type bases are preferred over screw bases where
vibration exists, while flanged types are used to provide more
exacting filament location. There are many styles and sizes of
bases available, as evidenced by the illustration below.
Sub-Midget
Flanged
Extended Leads Wedge
D.C. Bayonet S.C. Prefocus D.C. Prefocus Rigid Loop Bi-Pin M-23D.C. Indexing S.C. Bayonet
Wire Terminal
(Down Position)
Wire Terminal
(Up Position)
2-9
E L E C T R I C A L C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S
C -2V
C -2V
Hours
C -2V
C -2V
C -2V
C -2R
C -2R
C -2R
C -2R
D E S C R I P T I O N A N D F E A T U R E S
Ø.059±.008
1.57±.004
.008±.002
.157
.118
Ø.010
Ø.197
P R OG R E S S IV E DIR E C T ION
All dimensions in inches . S oldering pad geometry on page 2-S P 3.
1.57±.008 (40.0±0.2)
2-10
C -2V
C -2V
Hours
C -2V
C -2V
C -2V
C -2R
C -2R
C -2R
C -2R
Ø.059±.008
.157±.004
.008±.002
.472±.008
.217±.004
.472±.004Ø.059±.008
1.57±.008
.118
.157
.118
.060
SMD26 T-1 Short Right Angle SMT Incandescent Lamp with Filter Boot
2-11
C -2V
C -2V
Hours
C -2V
C -2V
C -2V
C -2R
C -2R
C -2R
C -2R
* MS C P value is without filter boot. F ilter boots are formulated to meet specific color requirements . P lease contact the factory for availability regarding your color needs .
Ø.059±.008
.157±.004
.008±.002
.472±.008
.217±.004
.472±.004Ø.059±.008
1.57±.008
.118
SMD27 T-1 1/4 Right Angle SMT Incandescent Lamp with Filter Boot
2-12
C -2V
C -2V
Hours
C -2V
C -2V
C -2V
C -2V
C -2V
C -6
C -2R
B B
S E C T ION A-A
R .128
2-13
C -2V
C -2V
Hours
* T -1 1/2 s ize bulb
.079
.276
.059
.228
.118
.513
.197.236
.118
2.08 ±.004
SMD32 T-1 1/4 Right Angle SMT Incandescent Lamp with Filter Boot
2-14
C -2V
C -2V
Hours
C -2V
C -2V
C -2V
C -2V
C -2V
C -6
C -2R
.079
.276
.059
.228
.118
.118
2-15
C -2V
C -2V
Hours
C -2V
C -2V
C -2V
C -2R
C -2R
C -2R
C -2R
.150 MOD .173
2-16
C -2V
C -2V
Hours
C -2V
C -2V
C -2V
C -2R
C -2R
C -2R
C -2R
.150 MOD .173
SMD50A T-1 1/4 Vertical SMT Incandescent Lamp with Filter Boot
2-17
C -2V
C -2V
Hours
C -2V
C -2V
C -2V
C -2V
C -2V
C -6
C -2R
Ø.189
35°
.276
.241
.232
2-18
C -2V
C -2V
Hours
C -2V
C -2V
C -2V
C -2V
C -2V
C -6
C -2R
Ø.189
35°
.276
.241
.232
2-19
B-3 1/2 Single Contact Miniature Flange Base
Number P art
T ype F ilament
C C -81
C -2R
C -2R
S -2
C -2R
T ype F ilament
2.38
2.35
2.33
2.20
2.00
1.90
.70
P R 16 12.50
K P R 113
1.75 MAX.
2-20
G-2 Midget Screw Base
C -6
C -6
C -6
C -6
C -6
Des ign
Hours
Des ign
2-21
G-3 1/2 Miniature Screw Base
Number
Hours
Hours
2-22
G-4 1/2 Miniature Screw Base
G-4 1/2 Miniature 2 Pin Base
C -2V
C -2F
C -2V
C -2F
C -2F
C -2V
Hours
Des ign
Hours
2-23
G-6 Double Contact Bayonet Base
C -2F2003.8.1632.0C M1224
Des ign
Des ign
2-24
R-12 Double Contact Bayonet Base
G-6 Candelabra Screw Base
Des ign
Hours
Des ign
2-25
RP-11 Double Contact Bayonet Base
C M1144
C M1054
C M1056
C M1230
C M1062
Des ign
Des ign
2-26
C -6
C -2R
C -2R
C -2R
C -6
C -2R *
Hours
C -7A
1.040 MAX.
2.00 MAX.
C -6
C -6
C -6
2-27
C -2V
C -6
C -12
C -2V
C -6
C -6
Hours
2-28
S-8 Double Contact Index Base
S-11 Single Contact Bayonet Base
MAX. 2.38
MAX. 1.42
C -2V
C -2V
C -13
C -2V
C -7A
C -13
Des ign
Des ign
Des ign
2-29
T-3/4 Wire Terminal
Des ign
Des ign
Des ign
2-30
T-3/4 Bi-Pin Base (.050")
T-1 Wire Terminal (short)
Hours
Des ign
Des ign
2-31
C C -2F
Hours
2-32
C -2R
C -2F
C -2R
C -2R
C -2R
C -2R
Hours
2-33
T-1 Sub-Midget Flange Base
Hours
Des ign
2-34
T-1 Bi-Pin Base (.050")
Hours
Des ign
2-35
T-1 Bi-Pin Base (.100")
Des ign
Des ign
2-36
C -2R
C -6
C -6
C -6
C -2R
C -2R
Hours
2-37
C -2V
C -2V
Hours
Ø.167
.354
.250
.100
Ø.016
T-1 1/4 All Glass PCB Mount Bi-Pin Incandescent Lamp with Filter Boot
2-38
C -2V
C -2V
L ife T ype
specific color requirements.
regarding your color needs.
All dimensions in inches .
2-39
C -2V
C -2V
L ife T ype
2-40
T-1 1/4 Bi-Pin Base (.100")
C M7309
C M7628
C M7310
C M7646
C M7052
Des ign
Des ign
2-41
T-1 1/4 Knurled Screw Base
C M8543
C M8639
C M8553
C M8654
Des ign
Des ign
2-42
C -2V
C -2V
L ife T ype
2-43
T-1 3/4 Wire Terminal
Hours
Des ign
2-44
C -2F
C -2F
C -2F
C -2F
C -2F
C -2R
Hours
2-45
C -2R
C -2R
C -2R
C -2R
C -2R
C -2R
Hours
MAX. .230
MAX. .250
MAX. 625
C -2F
C -2R
C -2R
C -2R
C -2V
C -2F
C -2F
2-46
C -2R
C -2R
C -2R
C -2R
C -6
C -2R
Hours
2-47
C -2F
C -2F
C -2F
C -2F
C -2F
C -2F
Hours
2-48
C -2R
C -2R
C -2R
C -2R
C -2R
C -2R
Hours
2-49
T-1 3/4 Midget Screw Base
C -2F
C -2F
C -2F
C -2F
C -2F
C -2F
Hours
Des ign
2-50
T-2 Wire Terminal (standard)
C -2F
C -2F
C -2F
C -2F
C -2F
C -2F
Hours
250
225
200
7,500
1,000
20,000
50,000
10,000
8,000
10,000
C -2F
C -2F
C -2F
C -2V
Hours
10.0
10.0
6.0
5.0
5.0
4.0
.035
.017
.010
.040
.120
.040
.040
450
60
Des ign
2-51
T-2 Telephone Slide Base Type 5 (standard)
T-2 Telephone Slide Base - Type 3
Number
Hours
28.0
24.0
24.0
18.0
.040
.040
.040
.017
.040
3,000
1,500
850
100
850
5,000
6,000
8,000
15,000
5,000
Hours
Des ign
2-52
T-2 Miniature Bayonet Base
C C -7A5,0001,200.025120.0C M8-967
Hours
Des ign
2-53
C -2V
C -2R
C -6
C -2R
C -2R
C -6
Hours
2-54
T-3 1/4 Miniature Screw Base
MAX. .406
MAX. 1.19
C M1487
C M1821
Des ign
Des ign
MAX.
.406
MAX.
1.19
2-55
C -2R
C -2F
C -2R
C -2R
C -2V
C -2V
Hours
2-56
T-4 1/2 Miniature Screw Base
T-5 Single Contact Bayonet Base
C -2F5006.0.3028.0C M1495
Hours
Hours
Des ign
2-57
TL-3/4 Wire Terminal Lens End
TL-3/4 Micro-Midget Flange Base Lens End
Number
Hours
Des ign
MAX. .094
MAX. .187
MIN. 1.00
MAX. .620
MAX. .374
MAX. .175
MAX. 1.25
MAX. Ø.126
MAX. Ø.094
MAX. .300
2-58
TL-1 Wire Terminal Lens End
TL-1 Sub-Midget Flange Base Lens End
Number
L ife T ype
Number
C -2R
C -2R
C -2R
C -2R
Des ign
2-59
TL-1 3/4 Midget Flange Base Lens End
TL-1 3/4 Bi-Pin Base (.125") Lens End
Number
Number
MAX. Ø.230
MAX. .625
.250±.020
MAX. .625
MAX. .236
NOM. .125
C -2R
C -2R
C -2R
C -2R
Des ign
C -2R
C -2R
C -2F
Des ign
2-60
GTL-1 1/2 Midget Groove Base Lens End
Number
Number
C -2R
C -2R
C -2R
C -2R
Des ign
MAX. Ø.230
MAX. .625
MAX. .687
MAX. .195
MAX. .235
MAX. .195
MAX. .235
MAX. .562
MIN. 1.00
2-61
GTL-3 Miniature Screw Base Lens End
Spot Characteristics
Spots produced by lens end caps vary in shape from elliptical to round. Their respective spot characteristics are defined
as follows with the lamp .375" from tip to surface. The specific spot shape will be defined within the limits shown.
Number
C -2R10,000A*.352.5C M252
Des ign
MAX. .940
MAX. .375
MAX. .687
MAX. .195
MAX. .235
axis of the lamp.
a 1/8" DIA. circle centered on
the axis of the lamp.
C. 750 footcandles minimum over a
1/16" DIA. circle centered on the
axis of the lamp.
Lamp Sockets and Accessories
2-62
Option - 298 Option - 299
CM39 Series Colored Silicone Filter Boots
P art No. C M21-1 P art No. C M21-2 P art No. C M4999-004
A B C
Color
Dimensions
For T-3/4 and T-1 Bi-Pin Lamps Recommended mounting hole .130" nominal, maximum panel thickness .125".
For T-1 3/4 Bi-Pin Lamps Recommended mounting hole .221" nominal, maximum panel thickness .250". For T-1 3/4 Bi-Pin Lamps
Ø.045
Ø.035
.230
.090
Low Cost Pin Socket for Bi-Pin Lamps (Recommended for .100" or wider lead spacing)
CM21-16 Pin Socket may be pre-assembled to your
bi-pin lamp by specifying the following options.
(Example: CM7387-299)
2-63
Number
A verage (inc hes )
C andelabra S crew
C andelabra S crew
10T 5/120V 120 10.0 3.2 2,000 2.125 C andelabra S crew
3S 6/120V 120 3.0 .95 3,000 1.875 C andelabra S crew
6S 6/6V 6 6.0 4.3 1,500 1.875 C andelabra S crew
6S 6DC /6V 6 6.0 4.3 1,500 1.812
6S 6DC /12V 12 6.0 4.3 1,500 1.812
6S 6DC /24V 24 6.0 4.3 1,500 1.812
6S 6DC /30V 30 6.0 4.0 1,500 1.812
6S 6S C /40V 40 6.0 3.7 1,500 1.812
6S 6DC /75V 75 6.0 3.7 1,500 1.812
6S 6N/120V 120 6.0 3.2 1,500 1.812 Intermediate S crew
6S 6S C /120V 120 6.0 3.2 1,500 1.812
6S 6DC /120V 120 6.0 3.2 1,500 1.812
6S 6DC /145V 145 6.0 3.0 1,500 1.812
6S 6S C /155V 155 6.0 3.0 1,500 1.812
6S 6DC /155V 155 6.0 3.0 1,500 1.812
10S 6DC /230V 230 10.0 4.8 1,500 1.812
MOL
Double C ontact B ayonet
S ingle C ontact B ayonet
T -4 1/2
2-64
Number
A verage (inc hes )
C andelabra S crew
C andelabra S crew
20T 6-1/2N/120V 120 20.0 7.2 - 5.500 Intermediate B ase
4C 7/120V 115-125 4.0 1.3 3,000 2.125 C andelabra S crew
7C 7DC /120V 115-125 7.0 3.6 3,000 2.125
10C 7DC /120V 115-125 10.0 4.5 1,500 2.187
15T 7/120V 115-125 15.0 9.1 2,000 2.250 C andelabra S crew
15T 7N/120V 115-125 15.0 9.1 2,000 2.250 Intermediate B ase
15T 7DC /120V 115-125 15.0 9.1 2,000 2.250
20T 7N/120V 115-125 20.0 8.0 2,000 2.250 Intermediate S crew
15T 8/120V 115-125 15.0 11.9 1,000 2.625 C andelabra S crew
25T 8/120V 115-125 25.0 18.7 1,000 2.625
25T 8DC /120V 115-125 25.0 18.7 1,000 2.625
25T 8DC /130V 130 25.0 18.7 1,000 2.625
25T 8N/230V 230 25.0 16.8 - 2.625
MOL
T -6
20T 6-1/2DC /120V
25T 6-1/2N/120V 115-125
T -7
T -8
Intermediate S crew
2-65
600
380
47.73
30.23
3.05
2.03
12.0
12.0
MS C P L umens
C M6225X
C M6246X
C M6292X
C M5034X
C M2374X
C M2033X
F ilament
.437
These unique Chicago Miniature Lamps are purpose built for the Marine Industry providing reliable performance in
a wide variety of marine beacons. These lamps are manufactured in accordance with the United States Coast Guard,
Ocean Engineering specification G-EOE-243B. Filaments and filament supports are specifically designed to meet
these rigid specifications.
2-66
MS 25309
L ight Dis tribution P er
C M16870
G G 12A
G G 12A
G G 12A
C
C
C
tion patterns required in both commercial and
private aircraft. These high quality lamps feature
unsurpassed durability and consistency for today's
demanding aircraft requirements. All lamps carry
the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) Parts
Manufacturer Approval (PMA) providing installation
eligibility on all applicable aircraft.
A
B
C
2-67
12"
12"
T ype L ength
T -5
T -5
T -5
T -5
T -5
T -5
7500
7500
7500
7500
7500
7500
7500
•Available in standard 4, 6, 8 and 13 watt ratings.
•Both warm white (3100°K) and cool white
(4200°K) colors.
•Exceptional "lamp-to-lamp" consistency.
•Universal burning position.
ballasts.
and commercial aircraft.
T -5
PC Ba8 T-1 Neo-Wedge Base Incandescent Lamp with Filter Boot
2-68
40°
.252
Ø.315
.063
.335
.122
.049
.060
Ø.148
Ø.177
Please contact the factory for availability regarding your color needs.
**PC Ba9 version is available without filter boot assembled.
*MSCP value is without filter boot.
C -2V
C -2V
L ife T ype
14.0
14.0
6.3
5.0
5.0
5.0
.040
.040
.033
.100
.115
.075
.060
.12*
.09*
.05*
.20*
.15*
.09*
.05*
16,000
16,000
10,000
5,000
30,000
25,000
40,000
S older pad geometry on page S P 1.
PC Ba7 T-1 1/4 Neo-Wedge Base Incandescent Lamp with Filter Boot
2-69
Please contact the factory for availability regarding your color needs.
*MSCP value is without filter boot.
C -2V
C -2V
L ife T ype
14.0
6.3
6.3
5.0
5.0
5.0
.040
.040
.200
.100
.115
.075
.060
.12*
.09*
.40*
.20*
.15*
.09*
.05*
16,000
16,000
40,000
5,000
30,000
25,000
40,000
14.0
.100
.080
.50*
.30*
10,000
15,000
S older pad geometry on page S P 1.
PC Ba7A T-1 1/2 Neo-Wedge Base Incandescent Lamp with Filter Boot
2-70
color requirements.
regarding your color needs.
filter boot assembled.
C -2V
C -2V
Number
L ife T ype
P C B a7A -7 14.0
14.0
6.3
6.3
5.0
5.0
5.0
.040
.040
.200
.100
.115
.075
.060
.12*
.09*
.40*
.20*
.15*
.09*
.05*
16,000
16,000
40,000
5,000
30,000
25,000
40,000
P C B a7A -11 14.0
14.0
.100
.080
.50*
.30*
10,000
15,000
Ø.236
Ø.220
.095
Ø.394
.311
42.5°
.193
.061
.134
.693
Ø.228 S older pad geometry on page S P 1.
4110 and 4112 Series Relampable Socket
2-71
.020
F ILAME NT
Mounting: Rivet mount.
(Mount 4110 only.)
Terminals: Tinned brass
Housing: White nylon
Note: Lamps must be ordered separately.
4111 and 4113 Series Relampable Socket
2-72
* Non-Conductive Model 4111
Mounting: Rivet mount.
(Mount 4111 only.)
L C
L C
.660±.004
2-73
LC F ILAME NT
Mounting: Tab mount
.50" stripped
4140 Series Relampable Socket
2-74
Mounting: Printed circuit Board
LC
2-75
White nylon for 4142WT
Model 4141
2-76
F ILAME NT CL
.050
C LE ANING F OR P OS T - .020 S T AND-OF F
.500
Mounting pattern on page S P 1.
4150, 4150R and 4150L Series Relampable Socket
2-77
S OC K E T NO. LIG HT S HIE LD
4150L 4150R 4150
LE F T HAND R IG HT HAND (AS S HOWN)
NONE
2-78
Mounting: Snap-on edge or center
LC
2-79
Mounting: Printed circuit board, twist-in
Contacts: CA-688 brass
Housing: Black nylon
Panel: 1/16" thick
.15
.040
2-80
Contacts: C26000 copper alloy
All dimensions mm.
194
194
161
158
LAMP V E R S ION
C ML P AR T NO.LAMP T R ADE NO.S OC K E T C OLOR
R E F 28ß
MAX. 18.50
T O S UR F AC E "Z" DE P R E S S E D WHE N C ONT AC T F R OM AP P R OV E D S OUR C E .
T 3 1/4 WE DG E B AS E LAMP
HE IG HT INIT IAL
Ø17.27
Ø18.80
2.67
4.75
Ø1.52
Ø15.49
10.29
1.52
HOLE OP T IONAL
T O S UR F AC E "Z" WHE N C ONT AC T DE P R E S S E D
MAX. 20.83
1.90 2.03
1.02 1.63
16.30 18.54
2-81
2.20 2.30
LAMP (S E E C HAR T ) T 1-3/4 WE DG E B AS E D
R 0.5 T Y P . 1.70 MAX.
7.45
5.40
Ø12.0
HOLE Ø2.0
DE P R E S S E D T O S UR F AC E "Z". C OF C ONT AC T S WHE N12.0±.040
S OC K E T C OLOR LAMP T R ADE NO. C ML P AR T NO.
LAMP V E R S ION
B LAC K
-
55651202-R E D
55650603
55650803
55651103
55650503
G R E Y
2-82
B LAC K
OR ANG E
LAMP V E R S ION
R E F LC L 9.20
Ø7.80
6.10
Ø11.30
45°
L
T O S UR F AC E "Z". WHE N DE P R E S S E D C OF C ONT AC T S 10.40±0.50
20.25±1.50
2-83
All dimensions mm.
-
LAMP V E R S ION
2.54
4.57
7.62
-.30 1.52 +.15
-0.50 15.24 +0.15
T O S UR F AC E "Z". C ONT AC T S AR E DE P R E S S E D T O B E ME AS UR E D WHE N 16.70±0.40
28° -0.25
Ø12.37 +0.08
1.02 1.63
2-84
Mounting: Printed circuit board,
0.88±0.15
L DE P R E S S E D T O S UR F AC E "Z". C OF C ONT AC T S WHE N
11.50±0.50
-0.30 +0.10
1.20 1.80
5.42
56050002
56050203
56050303
56050103
56050003
80
74
37
37
LAMP V E R S ION
EBS P T-1 1/2 Double Contact Twist-Lock Incandescent Lamp
2-85
1.5
1.2
Life Hours Filament Shape
EBS P-5
EBS P-17
EBS P-16
EBS P-15
boot or coating to meet specific
color requirements.
EBS N T-1 3/4 Double Contact Twist-Lock Incandescent Lamp
2-86
Part No. Volts Amps MSCP (Nom.) (Average)
EBS N-5
EBS N-17
EBS N-16
EBS N-15
boot or coating to meet specific
color requirements.
Solder pad geometry on page SP2.
PC M25A T-1 1/4 Snap Mount Incandescent Lamp with Filter Boot
2-87
Part No. Volts Amps MSCP (Nom.) (Average)
PC M25A-5
Filter boots are formulated to meet
specific color requirements.
filter boot assembled.

incandescent lamp application information

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