In the US History EOC book, read pages 49-51 and answer questions 1, 2, and 3 on page 52. Copy the question and the answer.

D C In the South: cotton gin made cotton the

#1 crop and the basis of southern economy. It made south more dependent on slave labor. In the North: Interchangeable parts helped revolutionize production and contributed to the rise of industry in the northern US.

Eli Whitney: Cotton Gin

Elias Howe Jr.: sewing machine

I.M. Singer Improved sewing

machine by adding foot peddle

Cyrus McCormick mechanical reaper

Samuel F.B. Morse telegraph and Morse

Code John Deere

Plow

Eli Whitney's cotton gin

1793 South (Georgia) Designed to make it

faster to gin cotton and reduce cost

made cotton profitable and leading crop

Increase growth of plantations

should have reduced the need for slaves, but led to an increase in slave labor.

Elias Howe Jr. Sewing Machine Used

interchangeable parts

Isaac Singer Improved the sewing

machine Added peddle

Lower the cost Increase the speed

ELIAS HOWE ISAAC SINGER

Cyrus McCormick mechanical reaper 1840

Samuel F. B. Morse Telegraph Morse Code

John Deere Steel Plow 1840

Eli Whitney's interchangeable parts led to greater efficiency.

Telegraph greatly improved communication and helped unite areas of the country.

Agriculture remained the largest industry in the US for the time. This was, in part, because of new Midwestern farms, new methods of planting and harvesting, and new inventions.

Called for internal improvements To facilitate interstate commerce, better canals and

roadways A strong National Bank

Needed to strengthen the country’s economy a protective tariff.

A tax on imports: raise the prices of imported goods making US products more competitive

Purpose was to unite the nation's economic interests. North would produce goods for the South and West. South and West would produce grain, meat, and cotton

needed in the North. Push for economic independence from Britain.

Proposed by Madison, would eliminate price advantage for British goods.

The tariff would pay for internal improvements.

Southerners did not rely on manufacturing and were reluctant

Clay (KY) and Calhoun (SC) convinced Congress to pass the tariff in national interest.

In the first half of the 1800s, the North and the South developed in very different ways.

South: Agrarian (farming) economy based primarily on

cotton Cotton production was tied to the plantation

system while relied on slavery Few immigrants from Europe Manufactured little, imported much; consequently,

opposed high tariffs because they raised the price of imported goods and often caused foreign countries to impose tariffs on the South’s exported products

Favored strong state government; feared federal government would restrict slavery.

North More industrialized economy based on

manufacturing and commerce Factories relied on poor immigrant laborers

rather than slaves Favored high tariffs to protect its own

products from foreign competition Wanted a strong federal government to

build roads and railways, protect trading interests, and regulate the national currency.

Slavery- tensions over slavery continued as the South remained agricultural and the North industrialized. People in the North were beginning to see slavery as a moral issue and were calling for abolition.

Southerners answered that the conditions under which many poor immigrants and factory workers in the North were just as bad, if not worst, than those slaves on the plantations.

Nativism: favoring the interests of native-born people over those of foreign-born people

Immigrants tended to settle together in poorer neighborhoods where there was a shared culture

1825-1855, more than 5 million immigrants came to the US. Most were from western Europe and were Roman Catholic making them targets of Protestants.

Northern industries began to depend on immigrants for cheap labor. Northerners were angry about job competition with immigrants.

Immigrants often suffered discrimination and violence.

Know-Nothing Party formed as a secret society to fight immigration

Most powerful secret society group Saying “I know nothing” By 1850, Know-Nothing candidates were

actually winning some state elections. However, by 1861, the party had no

representation in Congress and soon faded out of the political scene.

Most were arriving in the Northeast The South feared that the North would

get more reps in Congress because the immigrant population was growing rapidly.

Immigrants opposed abolition(the end of slavery) because they feared freed slaves would move to the North and take their jobs.

1. Define the Monroe Doctrine. What were the principles of the

doctrine? Whose doctrine is it? When was the address made and to

whom was it made?

2. Define the Missouri Compromise. What was the dispute? Did this compromise permanently

settle the dispute?