in the matter of the joint review panel (joint panel ... › 050 › documents › p59540 ›...

Realtime [email protected]

721

IN THE MATTER OF THE JOINT REVIEW PANEL ("JOINT PANEL")ESTABLISHED TO REVIEW THE JACKPINE MINE EXPANSION,FORT MCKAY, ALBERTA, ("PROJECT") PROPOSED BY SHELL

CANADA LIMITED ("SHELL")

AND IN THE MATTER OF ALBERTA ENERGY RESOURCESCONSERVATION BOARD ("ERCB") APPLICATION NO. 1554388

AND IN THE MATTER OF CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTAGENCY ("AGENCY") CEAR NO. 59540

AND IN THE MATTER OF THE ENERGY RESOURCES CONSERVATIONACT R.S.A. 2000 C. E-10

AND IN THE MATTER OF THE OIL SANDS CONSERVATION ACT,R.S.A. 2000, C.0-7

AND IN THE MATTER OF THE CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT ACT, 2012, S.C. 2012, C. 19, S. 52

BY THEALBERTA ENERGY RESOURCES CONSERVATION BOARD AND THE

GOVERNMENT OF CANADA

_______________________________________

PROCEEDINGS AT HEARING

NOVEMBER 1, 2012

VOLUME 5

PAGES 721 TO 1019

________________________________________

C o p y

________________________________________

Held at:MacDonald Island Park151 MacDonald Drive

Fort McMurray, AlbertaT9H 5C5


722

APPEARANCES

JOINT PANEL:

Mr. Jim Dilay, Panel ChairMr. Alex Bolton, Panel MemberMr. Les Cooke, Panel Member

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AGENCY (CEAA):

Charles Birchall, Esq., CEAA CounselMs. Jill Adams, Joint Review Panel ManagerMs. Lucille Jamault, Manager of Communications

ENERGY RESOURCES CONSERVATION BOARD (ERCB):

Gary Perkins, Esq., Board CounselMs. Meighan LaCasse, Board Counsel

Ms. Amanda Black, Hearing CoordinatorMr. Bob Curran, Section Leader, Public Affairs,ERCB Communication

PANEL SECRETARIAT:Mr. Paul AguasMs. Gladys OnovwionaMr. Yetimgeta MihiretuMs. Tara WangMs. Krista BoychukMs. Erin ToughMr. Steven van LingenMr. Don SouthMr. Michael BevanMs. Afshan MahmoodMr. Daniel MartineauMs. Courtney TrevisMr. Jean-Pierre ThonneyMs. Deborah Austin


723

APPLICANT

Shawn Denstedt, Q.C. ) Shell Canada Ltd.Sander Duncanson, Esq. )Dan Kolenick, Esq. )

INTERVENERS (in alphabetical order):

Eamon Murphy, Esq. ) Athabasca ChipewyanMs. Jenny Biem ) First Nation

Kirk Lambrecht, Q.C. ) Attorney GeneralJames Elford, Esq. ) of Canada

Ms. Donna Deranger ) Donna Deranger) (Self-represented)

Ms. Karin Buss ) Fort McKay First Nation) and Fort McKay Métis) Community Association

Rangi Jeerakathil, Esq. ) Fort McMurray #468 First) Nation

Ms. Anna Johnston ) John Malcolm, the) Non-Status Fort) McMurray/Fort McKay) First Nation and the) Clearwater River Paul) Cree Band #175

Ms. Cynthia Bertolin ) Métis Nation of AlbertaMs. Debbie Bishop ) Region 1 and the

) individuals and groups) named together with) Region 1

Don Mallon, Q.C. ) Mikisew CreeMs. Daniela O'Callaghan ) First Nation

Thomas Rothwell, Esq. ) Minister of Justice and) Attorney General of) Alberta) (No further) participation)


724

Ms. Karin Buss ) Oil Sands EnvironmentalMs. Melissa Gorrie ) Coalition

Ray Purdy, Q.C. ) Regional Municipality ofMs. Katherine Morianos ) Wood BuffaloTore Purdy, Esq. )

Ms. Melissa Gorrie ) Sierra Club Prairie(Registering on its behalf) )

Ms. Melissa Gorrie ) Keith Stewart(Registering on his behalf) )

Ms. Shaliza Ladha ) Syncrude Canada Ltd.

Ms. Kellie Johnston ) TOTAL E&P Canada Ltd.

Ms. Melissa Gorrie ) Clinton Westman(Registering on his behalf) )

Ms. Melissa Gorrie ) Anna Zalik and(Registering on their behalf) Osume Osuoka

REALTIME COURT REPORTING:

Realtime Connection, Inc.Nancy Nielsen, RPR, RCR, CSR(A)Stephen Gill, OCR


725

INDEX OF PROCEEDINGS

DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

SHELL WITNESS PANEL (RESUMING)(WITNESSES PREVIOUSLY SWORN ORAFFIRMED):

LINDA HAVERSMITCHEL GOODJOHNJASON PLAMONDONDAVID SCHAAFBART KOPPECANDACE BELLMARTIN JALKOTZYGETU BIFTUJERRY VANDENBERGJOAO KUPPERKASEY CLIPPERTONMARK SAWYERMICHAEL MARGERUMMURRAY FITCHROSEMARY BLOISECOLIN MIDDLETONBROCK SIMONSPETER CHAPMANLINDA JEFFERSONWAYNE SPELLERBILL KOVACHDARRELL MARTINDALEJOHN BROADHURSTJEFF ROBERTSMALCOLM MAYES

730

SHELL UNDERTAKINGS AND RECORDCLARIFICATIONS SPOKEN TO, BYMR. DUNCANSON:

732

CROSS-EXAMINATION BY THE MÉTIS NATIONOF ALBERTA REGION 1 AND THE INDIVIDUALSAND GROUPS NAMED TOGETHER WITHREGION 1, BY MS. BISHOP (CONTINUING):

736

CROSS-EXAMINATION BY THE OIL SANDSENVIRONMENTAL COALITION, BY MS. BUSS:

740

(THE LUNCHEON ADJOURNMENT)(12:35 P.M. TO 1:35 P.M.)

876


726

SHELL UNDERTAKINGS AND RECORDCORRECTIONS SPOKEN TO, BYMR. DUNCANSON:

877

CROSS-EXAMINATION BY THE OIL SANDSENVIRONMENTAL COALITION, BY MS. GORRIE:

880

MATTERS RELATED TO TIMING OF HEARINGSPOKEN TO

944

(THE AFTERNOON ADJOURNMENT) 946

CROSS-EXAMINATION BY THE OIL SANDSENVIRONMENTAL COALITION, BY MS. GORRIE(CONTINUING):

947

MATTERS SPOKEN TO RE: EXHIBIT NUMBERS,BY MS. BISHOP:

953

CROSS-EXAMINATION BY MR. JOHN MALCOLM: 955

(PROCEEDINGS ADJOURNED AT 5:38 P.M. TORESUME ON FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 2, 2012, AT8:30 A.M.)

1018


727

INDEX OF EXHIBITS


EXHIBIT 001-077: ACFN UNDERTAKING,SUBMITTED BY SHELL ON OCTOBER 31, 2012,RESPONSE TO UNDERTAKING REQUESTED BYACFN DURING CROSS-EXAMINATION OF SHELL

735

EXHIBIT 001-078: SHELL CANADA MATERIAL- SAFETY DATA SHEET - SUBMITTED BYSHELL ON NOVEMBER 1, 2012 - RESPONSETO UNDERTAKING REQUESTED BY ACFN DURINGCROSS-EXAMINATION OF SHELL

735

EXHIBIT 001-079: RESPONSE TOUNDERTAKING, OCTOBER 31, 2012 - LETTERDATED JUNE 25, 2007 FROM SHELL TO SRDRE: MAY 2007 MONTHLY WILDLIFE UPDATE

735

EXHIBIT 017-021: THREE PRINTED PAGESFROM A PRESENTATION 2010 BY MR. WARRENZUBOT OF SYNCRUDE

767

EXHIBIT 17-022: REPORT ENTITLED"EVALUATION OF FOUR REPORTS ONCONTAMINATION OF THE ATHABASCA RIVERSYSTEMS BY OIL SAND OPERATORS"

814

EXHIBIT 017-023: LETTER DATEDAUGUST 3RD, 2010 FROM MS. FLINT OF THEGOVERNMENT OF ALBERTA TO RICK COURTNEY,CC.'D TO VARIOUS PARTIES, WITH RESPECTTO THE MUSKEG RIVER INTERIM MANAGEMENTFRAMEWORK AND ALSO A COPY OF THEFRAMEWORK

844

EXHIBIT 017-24: DOVER APPLICATIONEXCERPT

888

EXHIBIT 017-025: EXCERPT FROM "THEEFFECTS OF LINEAR DEVELOPMENTS ONWILDLIFE: A REVIEW OF SELECTEDSCIENTIFIC LITERATURE"

921

EXHIBIT 010-021: UPDATED VERSION OFGOA CONSULTATION POLICY

954


728

INDEX OF UNDERTAKINGS


UNDERTAKING 8: MR. KOVACH TO PROVIDETHE VOLUME OF THE VARIOUS MIGRATIONSTHAT HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED GOING IN,INCLUDING FROM THE NST SEEPAGE AND SOON, EITHER DAILY OR ANNUALLY, ANDPROVIDE THE VOLUME OF SEEPAGE OUT FROMTHE PIT BECAUSE IT WILL ALSO SEEP OUT

759

UNDERTAKING 9: MR. SPELLER TO PROVIDETHE PERCENTAGE OF THE WATERSHED THATHAS BEEN ENCROACHED ON

842

UNDERTAKING 10: MR. ROBERTS TODETERMINE THE NUMBER OF DAILY OR WEEKLYFLIGHTS DURING THE EXPANSIONCONSTRUCTION PHASE AND THE SIZE OF THEPLANES AND HOW MANY PASSENGERS THEYWILL BE BRINGING IN AND OUT

875

UNDERTAKING 11: DR. JALKOTZY TOPROVIDE AN UPDATED POPULATION VIABILITYASSESSMENT FOR MOOSE TO REPLACE THOSETHAT ARE IN THE 2012 SUBMISSIONS

887

UNDERTAKING 12: MR. ROBERTS TO PROVIDEMR. MALCOLM THE DELTA BETWEEN THEPREVIOUS TAILINGS PLAN AND THE D74 PLAN

1005

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NOVEMBER 1, 2012

(8:30 A.M.)

THE CHAIRMAN: Good morning, everyone. Just

by way of housekeeping, I'm told that I need to

remind everyone of the recording policy. There's

to be no audio or visual recording of the

proceeding while it's in session. Please adhere to

that.

Ms. Johnston?

MS. ANNA JOHNSTON: I wondered if now might be a

good time to discuss the matter of my client's

ability to cross-examine and present argument?

THE CHAIRMAN: Yes.

MS. ANNA JOHNSTON: Mr. Malcolm would like

especially to cross-examine on the matters of

wildlife and fish. And we believe that because his

evidence on these matters is likely to differ from

Shell's, and Shell presumably will have the right

to cross-examine my client and the witnesses that

he presents on the matter, that in order to get a

balanced perspective, it will be necessary for us

to cross-examine as well and also to explain those

differences in argument.

THE CHAIRMAN: Ms. Johnston, did you talk to

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Mr. Malcolm about an estimate of the time he was

thinking of taking? Did he have a rough idea of

that?

MS. ANNA JOHNSTON: I did. And in the interests

of time, we've agreed that he estimates an hour

should be sufficient.

THE CHAIRMAN: That sounds very reasonable,

Ms. Johnston. Please go ahead on that basis.

MS. ANNA JOHNSTON: Okay, thank you. May I ask

where in the schedule we might appear?

THE CHAIRMAN: I don't know. But I know

that counsel have done great work in trying to

think about the schedule and do some scheduling, so

perhaps for the moment I can leave it with you and

Mr. Perkins.

MS. ANNA JOHNSTON: That's fine.

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you.

MS. ANNA JOHNSTON: Thank you very much.

SHELL WITNESS PANEL (RESUMING) (WITNESSES PREVIOUSLY

SWORN OR AFFIRMED):

LINDA HAVERS

MITCHEL GOODJOHN

JASON PLAMONDON

DAVID SCHAAF

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BART KOPPE

CANDACE BELL

MARTIN JALKOTZY

GETU BIFTU

JERRY VANDENBERG

JOAO KUPPER

KASEY CLIPPERTON

MARK SAWYER

MICHAEL MARGERUM

MURRAY FITCH

ROSEMARY BLOISE

COLIN MIDDLETON

BROCK SIMONS

PETER CHAPMAN

LINDA JEFFERSON

WAYNE SPELLER

BILL KOVACH

DARRELL MARTINDALE

JOHN BROADHURST

JEFF ROBERTS

MALCOLM MAYES

THE CHAIRMAN: Is there any other

housekeeping? Mr. Duncanson?

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SHELL UNDERTAKINGS AND RECORD CLARIFICATIONS SPOKEN TO,

BY MR. DUNCANSON:

MR. DUNCANSON: There is, Mr. Chairman.

There were a number of items yesterday that were

outstanding at the end of the day, so we'll start

with some of the undertakings. And I should note

that, reviewing the transcripts, there was a little

bit of confusion as to what was actually undertaken

to be provided. So we have responses prepared for

each of the items that Shell actually believes it

undertook to provide, but if there's any confusion

around what was actually undertaken, we're happy to

speak to that this morning.

So the first undertaking was with respect to

Mr. Mayes who was to provide records of releases

from the tailings solvent recovery unit for the

past 30 days, and I believe Mr. Mayes can speak to

that undertaking this morning.

A. MR. MAYES: Okay, so no loss of

containment incidents have been recorded on the

froth treatment tailing solvent recovery unit

tailings lines in the last 30 days.

MR. DUNCANSON: Thank you, Mr. Mayes. The

second undertaking from yesterday was also with

respect to Mr. Mayes. It was to provide written

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733

responses to the technical questions filed by

Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation regarding the cell

2A incident. And I can advise that a written

response has been prepared and it will be filed

this morning. And we will be able to provide hard

copies for the benefit of everyone in the room.

With respect to the third undertaking from

yesterday, that was for the MSDS sheets for the

solvent used in Shell's operations. Again, that's

something that we have been able to locate and we

will be able to file this morning and provide hard

copies for everyone in the room.

Fourth, this is turning to Ms. Jefferson, it

was an undertaking to advise whether Shell was

copied on a letter from June 26th, 2009 from

Ms. Bishop's clients to the Government of Alberta.

And I believe Ms. Jefferson or perhaps

Mr. Plamondon can speak to that this morning.

A. MR. PLAMONDON: I can confirm that we have a

copy. I can't confirm that we were cc'd on the

letter.

MR. DUNCANSON: Thank you, sir.

The last undertaking from yesterday that we

have noted was for Ms. Jefferson to confirm the

amount of capacity funding provided to each First

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734

Nation and the funding to IRCs as well.

Ms. Jefferson.

A. MS. JEFFERSON: We have gone back and looked

at that and the information is confidential, so we

will not be providing that.

MR. DUNCANSON: Okay, thank you.

And finally, Mr. Chairman, I understand that

the witnesses did have an opportunity to review the

transcripts from yesterday, and Mr. Martindale

would like to make a clarification of one of the

statements that he made.

A. MR. MARTINDALE: Yes, when I was asked

about an incident on May 2007, there was an

incident where 16 birds were killed. And I have

the letter and the report that went with that. So

I would like to submit this as part of the record.

THE CHAIRMAN: Yes, please.

MR. DUNCANSON: So we can file that this

morning, sir.

Perhaps, Mr. Chairman, if we could just get

Exhibit numbers for the two written undertakings

that we'll be providing this morning as well as the

document from Mr. Martindale.

THE CHAIRMAN: Yes, sir.

AMANDA BLACK: 001-077, 001-078, and

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735

001-079.

MR. DUNCANSON: Great.

THE CHAIRMAN: Just to be clear, we'll

number them in the order that you spoke to them.

Thanks.

EXHIBIT 001-077: ACFN UNDERTAKING, SUBMITTED

BY SHELL ON OCTOBER 31, 2012, RESPONSE TO

UNDERTAKING REQUESTED BY ACFN DURING

CROSS-EXAMINATION OF SHELL

EXHIBIT 001-078: SHELL CANADA MATERIAL -

SAFETY DATA SHEET - SUBMITTED BY SHELL ON

NOVEMBER 1, 2012 - RESPONSE TO UNDERTAKING

REQUESTED BY ACFN DURING CROSS-EXAMINATION

OF SHELL

EXHIBIT 001-079: RESPONSE TO UNDERTAKING,

OCTOBER 31, 2012 - LETTER DATED JUNE 25, 2007

FROM SHELL TO SRD RE: MAY 2007 MONTHLY

WILDLIFE UPDATE

MR. DUNCANSON: Thank you, Mr. Chairman. We

have nothing further this morning.


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Ms. Bishop?

MS. BISHOP: Good morning, Panel.

CROSS-EXAMINATION BY THE MÉTIS NATION OF ALBERTA REGION 1

AND THE INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS NAMED TOGETHER WITH

REGION 1, BY MS. BISHOP (CONTINUING):

Q. MS. BISHOP: So, Ms. Jefferson, we found

that reference we were discussing yesterday about

the amount that industry had contributed to

Industrial Relations Corporation's funding. It's

document 238, and it's Appendix 6, Section 3.4.1,

page 18. It's in the Nichols Report.

A. MS. JEFFERSON: Just give us a minute to

locate. Yes, we've found that.

Q. And under Section 3.4.1 entitled "First Nations,"

second paragraph:

"In addition, each First

Nations in the region have

established industry Relations

Corporations or Government and

Industry relations organizations.

Between 2007 - 2009, industry

provided approximately $22 million

in funding for IRCs/GIRs, including

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737

funding paid by project proponents

for project-specific reviews."

So that was the reference. And what portion

of that funding did Shell provide?

A. So the numbers we referenced in the report are

numbers from the Oil Sands Developers Group or

OSDG. And Shell's contribution to that is

confidential.

Q. Where on the list of contributors are you? Are you

in the top five?

A. I wouldn't know where we are in the list of

contributors, but in any event, that would be

confidential.

Each company provides their numbers to OSDG

on an annual survey and OSDG holds that information

in confidence and it's not shared amongst the

members, so.

Q. And I just want to summarize a few things we went

through yesterday and then I'm going to be

finished.

We were discussing the Aboriginal

Consultation Policy, and I've provided the 2007

version to the Panel to mark as our next exhibit.

I didn't bring it, I didn't bring paper copies

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738

because it's 60-odd pages. But I did read through

it. And I assume you have, too, because you

mentioned that.

I just wonder if you can confirm for me that

the 2007 version of the Alberta First Nations

Consultation Policy does not include Métis?

A. So it has been some time since I read through the

document. My understanding is that the guidance

document relates to First Nations.

Q. Right. And it also includes statements about

capacity funding for First Nations.

A. I would have to go back in and refresh myself with

the document again. I haven't read it in a while.

I have read it, but not recently.

Q. I just wanted to ask, I think Mr. Broadhurst was

speaking about access to the Project site; am I

correct, was that you, Mr. Broadhurst?

A. MR. BROADHURST: Mr. Martindale.

Q. Mr. Martindale?

A. MR. MARTINDALE: Yes.

Q. Are you familiar with my client John Grant?

A. No.

Q. So I guess I don't have any questions for you then,

Mr. Martindale.

A. Okay.

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Q. Did you review our submissions?

A. Yes, but I don't know that gentleman.

Q. Does anyone on the panel? Has anyone reviewed his

submissions?

A. MS. JEFFERSON: So just to be clear, we have

reviewed the submissions. I don't believe that any

of us know John Grant personally.

MS. BISHOP: I think those are actually

all my questions, so I appreciate the opportunity

to ask them. Thank you.

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you, Ms. Bishop.

We'll just take a couple of minutes so that

the next group can trade places with Métis Nation

of Alberta.

MS. BUSS: Good morning, Mr. Chairman.

My name is Karin Buss and I'm here to ask some

questions of the panel on behalf of the Oil Sands

Environmental Coalition. And my colleague, Melissa

Gorrie, will be asking some of the questions

related to terrestrial impacts when I've finished

asking on four different subject matters that I

have today.

And I also spoke briefly with Ms. Johnston,

Mr. Chairman, and we agreed that we would ask

questions next, followed by Ms. Johnston on behalf

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740

of Mr. Malcolm's groups.


CROSS-EXAMINATION BY THE OIL SANDS ENVIRONMENTAL

COALITION, BY MS. BUSS:

Q. MS. BUSS: Good morning, panel members.

Good morning, Mr. Broadhurst.

Now, Mr. Broadhurst, in your opening

statement, you described the Jackpine Mine

Expansion Project as "the next chapter in the

development of the Jackpine Mine"?

A. Yes, I did.

Q. Is it the last chapter in the development?

A. No. As we also said in our Opening Statement, one

of the things that local stakeholders and

regulators had asked us to do was to be more

transparent in terms of what we thought the

longer-term development opportunities for the

Athabasca Oil Sands Project could be. And so the

Jackpine Mine Expansion is certainly the last

resource-holding area that we have on the west, or,

pardon me, the eastern side of the Athabasca River.

So that's the Jackpine Mine Expansion Amendment

Application.

We were also able to submit our Pierre River

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741

Mine development opportunity as a new mine

development. And that provides the information

that we had available to us for the western side of

the Athabasca River. So that reflects our full

understanding of the development potential as we

know it today.

Q. My question, Mr. Broadhurst, was whether this was

the last chapter for the Jackpine Mine.

A. So it is the last development scope for the

Jackpine Mine in terms of the extension of the ore

body from Lease 13.

Q. And will there be potential to integrate some of

the facilities from Jackpine Mine in future in as

you move into your leases to the north?

A. So if you could be a bit more specific on which

leases you're thinking of.

Q. I don't have the lease numbers, but you have leases

that are north of the Jackpine Mine and the Muskeg

Mine; correct?

A. Maybe just help me, are you thinking about on the

west side or the east side of the Athabasca River?

Q. The east side.

A. So on the east side of the Athabasca River, we have

the lease holdings that we've identified with the

Jackpine Mine, we don't have any oil sands

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742

development leases on the east side of the

Athabasca River that would play into our

developments.

Q. Okay, thank you.

Now I have a question with respect to the

Exhibit 001-0151E, and this is the Supplemental

Information Request of May 2012.

A. Okay. Just one moment.

Q. And I'm looking specifically at page 3-12, but I

don't have the PDF page number. And Table 6-1.

It's PDF page 12.

A. I'm sorry, could you just give me the section

again?

Q. It's Table 6-1. It's a Response to SIR 6.

A. Yes, thank you.

Q. And Table 6-1 is "North American Crude Oil Supply

and Demand"?

A. Yes.

Q. Could you help me understand this table. The third

item is "U.S. Demand"?

A. Yes.

Q. So the "Mined Bitumen" and "In-situ Bitumen"

relates to U.S., estimated U.S. demand for the

bitumen or does that relate to production of

bitumen?

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A. No, so what you need to do when you're looking at

the table is the bolded lines are subtotals. So

the "U.S. Demand" is a subtotal of the two lines

above it. And then we identify the Canadian

production, so the "Mined Bitumen" and "In-situ

Bitumen". And then it goes into some further

details.

Q. So the total Canadian crude oil production is a

summary of the two items above it or below it?

A. So the "Canadian Crude Oil Production" is actually

a summary of those two lines plus there'd be other

conventional production that would go into that

subtotal.

Q. Okay. So we see, then, that if we're looking at

"Mined Bitumen" and "In-situ Bitumen" in the year

2020, we see the total would be 3.2?

A. Yes.

Q. And then in 2020 (sic), the total would be 4.6;

correct?

A. Let me see. 4.6, yes.

Q. And that's showing an increase between the two

numbers, then, of 1.4?

A. Yes.

Q. And then if we look down at "Net Canadian

Exports/Imports", now you've got both words there,

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744

but I'm assuming those are exports; is that

correct?

A. So those are the export numbers adding up the two

lines above, yes.

Q. Okay. So the word "Imports" isn't necessary to

that line?

A. No, it was probably an excerpt from a table in a

broader report, so.

Q. So if we look at that, we see that between 2020 and

2030 the increase is 1.2 million barrels of bitumen

per day?

A. Yes.

Q. Correct? So the increase in production for the

same period of time, 2020 to 2030, was 1.4. The

increase in export was 1.2. And then if we look at

"Canadian Demand" at the bottom, the increase only

goes up by 0.1 of a million; correct?

A. Right.

Q. So there is 0.1 that is unaccounted for, so

presumably that goes somewhere other than North

America?

A. Well, typically what happens when these reports are

put together is there's a broad set of data, so I'm

assuming that that's a normal rounding error that

would be in there.

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745

Q. So is that showing us, then, this table is

therefore showing us that all the increase between

2020 and 2030 in bitumen production is all export?

A. Yes, that would be the expectation, that the

majority is being exported.

Q. And so the majority of the Jackpine Mine -- or I

would say probably all of the Jackpine Mine

production of 100,000 barrels per day will be

exported, then?

A. Well, again, this reflects the fact that there is

an increase in export, but there's also a small

increase in Canadian demand, so it's probably not

accurate to say 100 percent, but the predominant

amount would be for export, that's certainly true.

Q. Would you agree it would be close to 100 percent?

A. It would be very high.

Q. All right.

And now if we turn back to the question SIR 6

on the need for the Project, the first

paragraph summarizes your evidence or Shell's

evidence from Volume 1 of the Project Description.

You see that where it starts with "Shell states in

Volume 1"?

A. Yes.

Q. I'll just read you the middle sentence:

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746

"It, (referring to Shell),

further states that the continual

development of oil sands will serve

to supplant diminishing sources of

conventional crude oil..."

And I'll just stop here for a minute. That's

not true for the U.S.; correct?

A. Well, there is, there is a decline in conventional

crude oil generally in the world.

Q. Okay, but not in the U.S.?

A. Well, in the U.S., they are having a slight

resurgence right now in terms of their conventional

supply through development areas like the Bakken,

but the general trend has been down.

Q. So I'll start over again:

"... supplant diminishing

sources of conventional crude oil

and contribute to overall domestic

output of crude oil, thereby

reducing Canada's import and

dependence on foreign oil."

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747

Mr. Broadhurst, based on what you have in the

table 6-1, the production of, the increase in

production of crude oil after -- sorry, of bitumen

after 2020 will not reduce Canada's import or

dependence on foreign oil; correct?

A. Well, Canada's import of foreign oil is really a

balancing. We tend to import into the east and

export from the west. So the production side.

Q. The production. All right.

None of the production from the oil sands

will go to Canada, or the vast majority will not;

correct?

A. No, the vast, the vast majority of the Canadian

production from Alberta and from the oil sands will

continue to go into export markets. It truly is a

significant contributor to the balance of payments.

I think it makes up about 40 percent of our export

balance of payments, so it really is a key export

commodity for Canada.

Q. Thank you.

Now, I have a question related to your

December 2009 Update. Just a moment while I find

the reference. I had trouble with this, Mr. Chair,

but I believe that it's in Exhibit 001-006A. But I

couldn't actually find it in those six parts. So I

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748

can give you the registry number, which is number

39. And it's page 1-9 of the 2009 Update. I'll

just ask my friend here. Mr. Denstedt has decided

to bravely go in and see if he could find where

that exact reference is. Are you able to find it,

Mr. Broadhurst? It's also on your CD of

compilation of your Application.

A. Could you tell me what the title is on the page and

then I'll let you know if I've found it.

Q. It's a Project Update and it deals with the timing

of your Project.

A. Yes. Yes. So that would be the section called

"Pace of Development."

MR. DENSTEDT: Adobe page 28, if that's of

any help to anybody.

MS. BUSS: Yes, I have that, too, but I

couldn't make it match up with the exhibit number.

Q. What you say in that section, and I'll quote it:

"The flexibility to adjust

the pace of development and the

manner of execution in response to

a changing environment have been

key to Shell's ability to enable

efficient recovery with minimal

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749

environmental and socio-economic

impacts."

Now, I gather this section was in

relationship to the delay of the Jackpine Mine

Project by a couple of years after you filed your

original Application; is that correct?

A. That's correct.

Q. So it's a benefit to Shell for financial,

environmental and socio-economic reasons to have

flexibility over the timing of its projects; is

that correct?

A. Well, it really is, as we explained earlier in

cross-examination, that what we want to be able to

do is make sure that we're always focused on the

orderly, efficient, and economic development of the

resource; of course with the override on

environmental and social performance.

And, as we discussed in some of our evidence,

what we have been able to do because we have had

flexibility, has been able to adjust to the

external environment as we need to.

So going through the economic downturn in

2008, what we were able to do was actually take our

Jackpine Mine - Phase I, second 100,000 barrels,

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750

and start to continue to develop that using a

stage-wise de-bottlenecking approach.

We talked about how important it was to be

able to maintain continuity of engineering and

execution operations resources and maintain that

knowledge on how to execute these types of major

projects.

And so it's really that type of example for

where flexibility actually allows us to do what we

need to do and meet all of the expectations that we

have for the opportunity.

Q. Mr. Broadhurst, my question is whether

environmental and socio-economic impacts, the

ability to address those, also require some

flexibility on the pace or schedule for the

start-up of projects.

A. Well, the process that we use, of course, is we go

through the environmental review process, we do our

Environmental Impact Assessment with the

assumptions that we have around the Project and the

execution of assumptions on the Project.

So that the package that we have in front of

the Panel with the Jackpine Mine Expansion has the

matched set of the Project, as we understand it,

and the Environmental Assessment.

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751

Of course if there's changes in the future

that could have an impact on the Environmental

Assessment, then we have an obligation to go back

to the regulator.

Q. Mr. Broadhurst, it would be really helpful if you

could listen to my question.

Is the flexibility to adjust the pace of

development also important to reduce impacts to the

environment and socio-economic factors?

A. Adjusting the pace allows us to execute

efficiently. What we need to do then, of course,

is make sure that the environmental and social

mitigation integrity is still retained.

Q. Is adjusting the pace of development also important

for managing impacts to the environment and

socio-economic indicators?

A. So I'm not trying to be difficult with your

question. I think what you're asking me to do is

speculate. And certainly, if there are changes in

timing, then there could be some different

opportunities for optimization within the execution

that could have an environmental benefit. We

always look for those. I couldn't speculate for

you today whether there would be a net positive

impact in terms of the environmental or social

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752

impact associated with the Project with

flexibility, but that possibility exists. I just

couldn't comment on any specifics at this point in

time.

Q. That's fine.

You do agree that there could be

socio-economic and environmental benefits to

changing the pace of development; correct?

A. I could speculate for you that there could be.

Q. Okay. I'll leave that.

I have a question, some questions now with

respect to pit lakes. And I'm wondering if that

would be -- let me start with some basic facts.

First of all, Mr. Martindale, there's going

to be four end pit lakes at the end of the, at

closure.

A. Mr. Kovach and Mr. Speller can help you.

A. MR. KOVACH: Yes, for the Jackpine Mine

Expansion, we'll have two pit lakes at the north

end of our development area.

Q. All right. And the total surface area for those

four pit lakes will be approximately 40 square

kilometres; is that correct?

A. I'm sorry, just let me check for one second.

Q. You'll find it also, Mr. Chair, in

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753

Exhibit 001-051M, as in Mary, and it's table 4.2-1.

It would be useful to bring up that table because I

have some other questions with respect to it.

A. MR. SPELLER: Could you give us that

reference again?

Q. Exhibit 001-051M. And it's table 4.2-1 called

"Characteristics of Pit Lakes." And I believe that

comes from your May 2012 Update, Appendix 3.6.

A. So, Ms. Buss, we have that table. And it shows

that the surface area for the Northeast Pit Lake is

23.7 kilometres squared and Northwest Pit Lake is

6.4 kilometres squared, so it's closer to

30 kilometres squared for the northern lakes.

Q. There's four pit lakes, though, on this chart;

correct?

A. Yes, the two southern pit lakes are the pit lakes

associated with the approved Jackpine Mine Phase I.

Q. So on the integrated landscape at the end, if you

treat the mine as an integrated mine, you're going

to have four pit lakes at the end; correct?

A. Yes, that's correct.

Q. And that would be about 40 square kilometres?

A. That's correct.

Q. And the average size of a pit lake in the

Municipality of Wood Buffalo right now is four

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754

square kilometres; is that right?

A. I have to clarify, of a pit lake right now?

Q. Or end pit lake?

A. There currently are no end pit lakes in the --

Q. Sorry, that are planned, of the 25 that are planned

for the region. Do you know what the average size

is?

A. Not off the top of my head, but we can look it up.

Just one second.

Q. Well, I don't know if you need to look it up. Let

me ask you the next question.

Would you agree that this is the largest,

your end pit lakes will be the largest in the

region to date?


Q. And could you give us the reasons why it's so

large, particularly the Northeast Pit Lake?

A. MR. ROBERTS: Sure, I'll take that one.

Q. Good morning, Mr. Roberts.

A. Good morning.

The size of the surface area of the pit lake

is dependent upon the depth of the ore body that we

are mining. As we go north, the depth is -- the

thickness of the ore is shallow, so the volume

remains the same and the surface area increases to

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755

compensate for that.

Q. It's because the way that you're mining it is

creating a larger hole?

A. Because the volume is the same. You can either

have a --

Q. Deeper and smaller in area or you can have it

larger and shallower?

A. That's correct.

Q. Okay. And your's is of the larger shallower

nature?

A. That's correct. And it's part of the ore body.

Q. Okay. Now, I'm looking at, if I could direct your

attention to that same table 4.2-1. And you talk

about at the bottom, last column, "Source Waters"

for the pit lakes. You see that?

A. MR. SPELLER: Yes.

Q. So into these four pit lakes -- well, let's just

talk about the Northeast Pit Lake. It's going to

receive "consolidation flux", according to your

table. What is consolidation flux?

A. MR. KOVACH: I'll take that.

"Consolidation flux" is speaking more to the

terrestrial environment. What happens when you put

your tailings in pit is that you get consolidation

of those tailings. The weight of the tailings

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756

pushes down and water trapped in the pore spaces is

expressed upwards into a sand cap which makes its

way to the end pit lake.

Q. So you're talking about the residue of tailings

storage, essentially, it's going to migrate into

the pit?

A. Yes, correct.

Q. And so is that different from the NST seepage

that's identified, that's "Non Segregated

Tailings"?

A. I think those terms are meant to go together. They

are the same thing.

Q. And the pit will also receive process-affected pore

water from the external tailings disposal area;

correct?

A. Yes, that is correct.

Q. And it's also going to receive run-off from the

surface area of the former mine at closure?

A. That is correct.

Q. Now, you can do this by undertaking if you like, is

to give us the volumes that are expected for all of

those various sources of inflow into the pit lake.

A. Could you just give us one second and I'll see if

it's something that we need to undertake or if we

can give you the information right away.

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757

Q. Okay.

A. Yeah, we would need to undertake to do that, but if

you could, maybe we could, if there's some way you

can advance the question, maybe we can have the

information you need if you continue.

Q. Okay, so what I'm interested in is I would like to

know what the volume, and I don't know if you're

expressing it as a daily or an annual rate, of

what's going to migrate into the pit once it's

created, which I believe would be around 2054; is

that correct?

A. The pit lake will start functioning at the closure

of mine, which is around 2050.

Q. Okay. So --

MR. DENSTEDT: Mr. Chairman, I promised the

court reporter that when undertakings came up I

would stand up and make sure to say if there was

one or there wasn't one, so.

Q. MS. BUSS: So I want to know the volume

of water going in, or, sorry, the volume of the

various migrations that you've identified going in,

including from the NST seepage and so on, either

daily or annually. And I'd also like to know the

volume of seepage out from the pit, because it will

also seep out; correct?

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758

A. I don't think there'd be much seepage out, but we

can look at those numbers.

Q. Okay, I do see that you have seepage rates

throughout your Application. And, for example, in

2008 you did an update, Exhibit 001-002PT, Part 1,

table 2.6-5 is the reference. So I'm wondering if

you can also provide us with the latest information

as to what the seepage rates are for inflow as well

as outflow into the pit lake.

A. Yes, we will do that.

MR. DENSTEDT: So for the court reporter, we

should confirm that's an undertaking given by

Mr. Kovach. I think it was clear on the record

what that was, so I'm not going to reiterate it.

UNDERTAKING 8: MR. KOVACH TO PROVIDE THE VOLUME

OF THE VARIOUS MIGRATIONS THAT HAVE BEEN

IDENTIFIED GOING IN, INCLUDING FROM THE NST

SEEPAGE AND SO ON, EITHER DAILY OR ANNUALLY, AND

PROVIDE THE VOLUME OF SEEPAGE OUT FROM THE PIT

BECAUSE IT WILL ALSO SEEP OUT

Q. MS. BUSS: Now, the process water

from the centrifugation of MFT will also be

directed into the pit lake; is that correct?

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759


Q. So I'd asked you about what volume going into the

pit lake, I would like to clarify, that includes

water or other sources of material that is directed

to the pit as well as seepage into the pit?

A. Okay.

Q. Thank you.

Now, I need to refer you back, I don't know

if you need to look at this, let me ask you this

question.

In 2008, your filing to the Board on the

characteristics of the pit lake had included inflow

from the Kearl north pit lake and the Kearl

west-central pit lake and from the Muskeg River, is

that still the case?

A. Yes, that is still the case.

Q. I'd better give you the reference just for the

record, then. Exhibit 001-002, part 1, table

2.6-13, PDF page 55, printed page 47. Is it true,

is it correct that these pit lakes at the Kearl

Project will have tailings, fine tailings stored in

them indefinitely?

A. MR. SPELLER: Our information indicates

that one of their pit lakes will have tailings

stored in them.

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760

Q. And then the Northeast Pit Lake, they were named

differently in 2008, so I think it's now called the

Northeast Pit Lake, will also receive water from

the Muskeg River; is that correct?

A. MR. KOVACH: Yes, that is correct.

Q. And that's after it flows through Imperial Oil's

Kearl Project; correct?


Q. Okay.

A. Our understanding is that drainage has to be

integrated between the sites and that Imperial,

once their end pit lakes have water quality that

meets the applicable water quality criteria, will

be releasing and we'll be accepting that water as

part of our design.

Q. Now, Shell has in its Update clarified that it's

not planning to permanently deposit MFT or any

tailings in its four pit lakes; is that correct?


Q. But there will be temporary storage of tailings in

some of the pit lakes; correct?

A. I'll have Mr. Roberts speak to that.

A. MR. ROBERTS: Yes, there's temporary

storage of tailings in the pit lakes that are on

the Jackpine Lease-13 lakes. Those will be, the

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761

MFT that's in those will be removed and centrifuged

as time goes on. So at the end of the operation,

there'll be no MFT in any of our pit lakes.

Q. So approximately, can you give me an idea of how

long the residency time, then, is, for the tailings

in these pit lakes?

A. The last of the MFT would be processed in 2054, I

believe.

Q. So between 2018 and 2054, these pit lakes will be

used to store --

A. No.

Q. -- or these areas --

A. So I don't think it's 2018. I don't think we've

cleared the footprint for that.

Q. Sorry. Starting in 2018.

A. Yeah, it will be in probably the late, the mid- to

late-2030s, subject to check, that we would start

putting MFT in the southern pit lakes and then we

would be processing that over the next 20 years.

Subject to check, we do have I think rough

schedules of when that will occur.

Q. Maybe at this juncture it would be helpful to

clarify when the expected start up date of the

Expansion is at this time?

A. 2018. So that's for the expanded plant at 100,000

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762

barrels a day processing ore from Lease 13.

Q. Thank you.

Now, is Shell agreeable to having a condition

on its ERCB approval that prohibits the deposit of,

or the permanent deposit of tailings at the end pit

lake into the end pit lake after closure?

A. MR. BROADHURST: Yes, so I can take that.

What we said in our Application is that we will not

have MFT in the end pit lake. And so that

commitment's already been put forward in terms of

our submissions.

Q. So is the answer "yes"?

A. The answer is yes.

Q. Now, at the first Jackpine Mine hearing in 2003,

Shell agreed to comply with water quality standards

developed by CEMA and accepted by the Government of

Alberta for end pit lakes. Can you clarify whether

these standards have been developed?

A. MR. SPELLER: We'll have Jerry Vandenberg

speak to that.

A. MR. VANDENBERG: The water quality standards

for end pit lakes have not yet been developed by

CEMA or Alberta Environment. However, what we've

produced is a set of objectives known as "chronic

effects benchmarks" which we've applied to this

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763

Project. These are developed in accordance with

CCME guidelines to be protective of aquatic

species.

And I'm going to ask my colleague Peter

Chapman to talk a little bit more about that.

Q. Actually, Mr. Vandenberg, I'm not asking about your

chronic effects benchmarks. I'm asking if CEMA has

been working on developing standards specific for

the, water quality standards specific for these end

pit lakes.

A. Not that I'm specifically aware of.

Q. Now, in 2003, Shell also said that at that time it

had no plan for a demonstration end pit lake. Has

a demonstration end pit lake now been undertaken by

Shell?

A. MR. MARTINDALE: Shell is working with a

group of companies and we're sharing results and

contributing to the research that's being done on

the Syncrude end pit lake.

Q. Other than Syncrude's base mine lake, is there any

other demonstration end pit lake planned or under

way?

A. No.

Q. Thank you.

Now, does that mean that all of the results

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764

of Syncrude's monitoring and research of base lake

are available to Shell or is it just some of that

information?

A. I would say that all of the information as we are

contributing to the research.

Q. Okay.

A. It depends what you mean by "all." They may be

doing other research there that I'm not aware of.

Q. But their monitoring data for the pit lake would be

available to Shell, then?

A. Yes.

Q. And is it publicly available?

A. No.

Q. Thank you.

Now, I provided -- or my friend, Ms. Gorrie,

provided you what we could find publicly, which is

a presentation by Mr. Zubot of Shell (sic) to

APEGGA in 2010 which dealt with some information

about the base lake.

MS. BUSS: Mr. Chairman, may I give you,

the Panel, hard copies of --

A. Just a slight clarification. Warren works for

Syncrude, not Shell.

MS. BUSS: Oh, I'm sorry. I misspoke.

Thank you.

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765

MR. DENSTEDT: Mr. Martindale noted that's a

Syncrude document. We'll do our best to answer the

questions, but we may not be completely helpful.


Q. MS. BUSS: My question just relates to

the last page, page 30.

Before I get to there, Mr. Martindale, are

you the one who's going to respond to this

question. I'm not sure who in your team looked at

this?

A. I don't know what the question is.

Q. I'm wondering if there's anything in the excerpts

of Mr. Zubot's presentation that Shell disputes or

believes is incorrect?

A. We have no reason to believe any of it is

incorrect.

Q. Now, my question can be quite short, on page 30, or

it would be his slide 30, it shows some information

about naphthenic acid degradation in the base lake

mine. Now, you'll see that this chart is showing a

10-year span for the rate of degradation of

naphthenic acids; correct?

A. Without knowing the whole document, yes, that's

what it appears to be.

Q. And does this accord with Shell's information,

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766

then, that after four years of residency time, the

degradation of naphthenic acids levelled off?

A. I'll let Jerry take this.

A. JERRY VANDENBERG: Yeah, I'd refer you to

Appendix 3.6 of our May 2012 submission.

Appendix 3.6, Figure 3.2-2. We have a --

Q. Sorry, 3.2?

A. 3.2-1.

Q. Dash one, okay.

A. We have a similar figure. And I've actually traced

one over the other and they are remarkably similar.

These are the rates that we've used in our model

for predicting the degradation of naphthenic acids.

Q. All right.

A. These were derived using the same rates that were

observed at Syncrude. They come from a published

study called "Han et al. (2009)", which is

referenced in that appendix.

MS. BUSS: Mr. Chairman, can we mark

this as the next exhibit. It's three printed pages

from a presentation 2010 by Mr. Warren Zubot of

Syncrude.

THE CHAIRMAN: I think it's 011-016? No.

MR. PERKINS: I've been told 017-021, but

whichever is your pleasure.

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767

MS. BUSS: 017 is OSEC, Zubot number, I

believe.

MR. PERKINS: So that would seem to favour

017-021, sir.

THE CHAIRMAN: What is your prefix,

Ms. Buss?

MS. BUSS: 017.

THE CHAIRMAN: I like 017-021, thanks.

EXHIBIT 017-021: Three printed pages from a

presentation 2010 by Mr. Warren Zubot of

Syncrude

Q. MS. BUSS: I have a question related

to your objective for your end pit lakes, which is

contained in Exhibit 001-070A. PDF page 12. And

this is your October 15th, 2012 response to

Environment Canada Recommendation 6.

Anyway, you state in there that Shell's

objective -- well (as read):

"Shell agrees and its plans

already call for pit lakes to be

self-sustaining and eventually

support a naturally diverse aquatic

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768

ecosystem."

And then you give a citation where that's

described in 2008 in your materials.

My question is relating to the definition of

"nationally diverse aquatic ecosystem." Does it

mean that your plans call for the water quality in

a lake to be similar to a lake that pre-existed on

your lease prior to mining?

A. MR. KOVACH: I'll take that. No, we're

not suggesting it would be similar water quality to

a lake, a naturally occurring lake. What we're

suggesting is that the end pit lake will provide

adequate water treatment and ultimately provide

habitat.

Q. For some living biota; correct?

A. Yes.

Q. And is that biota going to resemble, is it going to

be the same, is it going to contain the same

species of fish as occur now on JPME's lease?

A. Just one moment.

A. MR. VANDENBERG: Sorry, I'm just looking up a

reference here. We submitted a chapter that I

wrote for the End Pit Lake Technical Guidance

document along with our October 15th submission.

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769

And in coming up with that chapter, that was one of

the things we looked at is what exactly will live

in oil sands pit lakes. And we looked at a number

of studies that had been completed on similar

systems, mainly at Syncrude's site as well as some

studies at Suncor.

And our conclusion was that you wouldn't have

the exact same species, but you would have species

at every trophic level, that means the function

would be, the lakes would function as

self-sustaining ecological systems, but not

necessarily with all of the same species that you

would find on the site today.

Q. So as far as we know today, the best you can

project is there'll be some living organisms, so

there'll be some organisms, the nature of which we

don't know necessarily today?

A. No, we have some idea of the nature of which

species, and it's not necessarily a bad thing.

There'll be mixed results, there'll be some

improvements, some drawbacks. For example, right

now, oxygen is limiting in most of the lakes in the

local study area, whereas we don't expect oxygen to

be limiting in end pit lakes. So there will

actually be some species that will be able to

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770

survive in end pit lakes that are not presently

able to live in some of the smaller lakes. So

there's pros and cons.

Q. All right.

My question is with respect to the degree of

certainty Shell has for these outcomes. Have you

conducted any Monte Carlo simulation methods or

other analysis to try to estimate the degree of

risk associated with achieving that objective?

A. We have completed Monte Carlo simulations on the

chemical concentrations that we expect to be in end

pit lakes. Those are in the 2007 EIA, Appendix

4-2.

Q. And what about for the overall objective of

creating a diverse aquatic ecosystem?

A. There haven't been Monte Carlo simulations per se

continued on that objective, but there's been, you

know, a fairly large study on analogous systems

looking into what survives in that type of system.

It's not the type of study that lends itself to a

Monte Carlo simulation.

Q. So what degree of uncertainty has Shell assessed

for this objective, for achieving it?

A. DR. CHAPMAN: Peter Chapman. The certainty

is as follows: The certainty that you're going to

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771

have species, organisms, biota, in the lakes, that

they will comprise different trophic levels. In

other words, we'll have bacteria, the animals that

live in the water, the animals that live in the

sediment, the plants, we'll have fish. There's

less certainty about exactly what will comprise

those which species will be.

Q. My question is what's your degree of certainty.

Are you saying that you're 100 percent certain that

there'll be some organisms in there?

A. In science, there's never 100 percent certainty.

We are as certain as we can be, close to

100 percent that there'll be some organisms in

there. Everything indicates that that will be the

case.

Q. And what is your level of certainty that these

living creatures are not going to look like, you

know, escapees from the planet Mars or something?

A. I'm sorry, could you explain?

Q. What's your degree of certainty that there's going

to be fish in this lake that will be healthy and

available for consumption, for example?

A. Given the water quality requirements, the fact that

the modelling indicates and we will be monitoring

water quality to make sure it's acceptable, we

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772

don't expect any surprises in terms of fish looking

like whatever might look from Mars.

Q. You said you "don't expect any surprises."

A. Peter Chapman. In science, there are always

surprises. And let me repeat my answer. You know,

we're going to find organisms in the lake. We're

going to have different trophic levels. Exactly

which they are, we're not sure. As Jerry

mentioned, conditions in some respect will be

better, so we may have some surprises in terms of

which organisms are there.

Q. Mr. Chapman, what is the level of certainty that

Shell can predict with confidence, the level of

confidence or certainty it can give around its

prediction that there will be fish that can be

consumed by people or animals without harm in this

pit lake?

A. Peter Chapman here. Can you clarify exactly, are

you talking about people will be able to safely eat

the fish if there are fish that people want to eat

in those lakes?

Q. Yes.

A. Yes.

Q. Sorry, what is your confidence level in that

prediction?

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773

A. What exactly do you mean by "confidence level"?

Are you asking for a percentage such as

100 percent, 50, 25, 10?

Q. Yes.

A. MR. VANDENBERG okay, I think we need to

put some context around that question. So there

are stages of progression in a pit lake. Pit lakes

are initially designed as treatment systems to

detoxify the water. I don't think Shell has ever

said or planned to have fish in the pit lakes on

day one. Fish in the pit lakes will, it will

become a sustainable ecosystem over time. But

initially, the objective of a pit lake is to

bio-remediate any of the runoff, seepage, and other

types of water that are draining from the mine so

that it can be released to the receiving

environment without harm.

So over time we will see fish in the lakes.

And once there are fish, I'm going to turn that

part of the question over to our human health

component lead, Bart Koppe.

Q. Is he going to tell me about the level of risk in

that prediction or what the degree of certainty

Shell has in that prediction?

A. MR. KOPPE: Yeah, so it's Bart Koppe.

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774

And, Ms. Buss, I will try and answer that question.

I think with what Mr. Vandenberg said is that this

is an ongoing process and there'll be mitigation in

place and there will be monitoring in place as

well. So the water quality will be tested. Fish

tissue will be tested as well. And we have done

that analysis and we're confident, we have a high

degree of confidence that those fish will be safe

to eat at some point in time.

Q. What do you mean by "a high degree," what

percentage are we talking about or what scale are

we talking about?

A. Like Dr. Chapman said, we're dealing with science

here, so there is no such thing as 100 percent

certainty. In fact, I couldn't give you a

percentage of confidence. But we are, we have a

high level of confidence, that's all I can say at

this point. And that level of confidence will be

tested and it will be confirmed over time through

monitoring.

Q. And what period of time are you talking about in

terms of having fish that are edible for human

consumption, are we talking about 100 years after

closure, 50 years, what time horizon were you

discussing?

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775

A. MR. VANDENBERG: Before we go on to that, I

think it warrants some context around what's

presently found in that reach of the river right

now.

Q. Actually, with respect, it doesn't need a context;

it needs an answer as to what time period -- sorry,

I'm not saying your name properly.

A. "Koppe".

Q. With respect to your answer, what time period were

you referring to?

A. Again, we can't provide 100 percent definitive

answer on that, but our best guess based on similar

studies and analogous systems would be a few

decades after closure.

Q. And a "few decades" is four, five, six, more than

six, less than six?

A. Like I say, this is best guess based on the

literature, two or three decades.

Q. And wouldn't it be fair to say that your

projections around the fish and their safety for

human consumption could also be fairly

characterized as a best guess?

A. In that timeframe, yes. In the far future, where

we've looked at 100 years, I think our certainty

goes up to high at that point. In the early years,

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776

our certainty would be quite low around exactly

when you can expect to see which species and when

they would be safe to eat. As time goes on, our

certainty increases.

Q. Mr. Vandenberg, you're obviously going to be one of

the people that's most familiar with the CEMA

guidance document that Shell submitted in October,

Exhibit 001-070J. Is that correct?

A. Yes.

Q. Now, I notice that in 2003, Shell had said that it

expected a guidance document on end pit lakes to be

produced by CEMA by 2005. Is the one that was

issued October 1st, 2012, was that the document

that was referred to?

A. There was an earlier draft of that document. It

was rejected by CEMA. CEMA then farmed it out by

chapter to experts in each field. And based on the

recommendations of the first review, they produced

the 2012 document, which was released last month.

Q. Okay, so that's the same guidance document that was

under way in 2005?

A. It's --

Q. Or a version of it?

A. It completely replaces the first draft.

Q. Now, you would agree with me that that document

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777

refers to end pit lakes as "effectively a

large-scale experiment"?

A. I believe that that term is used, yes.

Q. I'll step back a minute, Mr. Vandenberg.

I take it that Shell has supported this end

pit lake guidance document and had input into it,

obviously; is that correct, Mr. Vandenberg?

A. MR. KOVACH: Shell does support the

document. We had people participating on the End

Pit Lake Working Group who reviewed it, and the

Reclamation Working Group who reviewed it, on

behalf of Shell. And we support it.

Q. Okay, we might need to turn to the document now.

It would be handy to have it as a reference.

My first question is would you agree that the

authors of this document question whether there's

any substantive difference between an end pit lake

with tailings and one without tailings permanently

placed in them?

A. MR. VANDENBERG: Could you repeat that

question?

Q. My question is, would you agree the authors of this

report, specifically the author of chapter 1,

Mr. McKenna, and James -- I can't pronounce his

name.

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778

A. "Hrynyshyn".

Q. I think it's "Hrynyshyn". -- question whether

there's any substantive difference between an end

pit lake that has tailings permanently in it and

one that does not?

A. I can say that throughout the document, there are

quite a few places where there are differences

highlighted between a lake with and without

tailings. I know I can speak specifically to

chapter 6, which I wrote, which highlights some of

the differences. I can find you some quotes from

the chapter, if you'd like.

Q. Let's look at page 18 of the hard copy.

MS. BUSS: Mr. Chairman, has everyone

got the reference to this CEMA document?

THE CHAIRMAN: I don't.

MS. BUSS: It is Exhibit 001-070J, as in

"jam."


MS. BUSS: And I'll give you the section

numbers I'm referencing because I don't have the

PDF pages, but right now we're on Section 1.3, and

near the end of that section, which is hard copy

page 18.

MR. DENSTEDT: If you're using the exhibit

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779

list, it's actually K, not J.

MS. BUSS: Oh, I'm sorry.

MR. DENSTEDT: I think it's different in a

couple of spots.

MS. BUSS: Actually, I'll make this

easier, Mr. Chairman. I do have hard copies.

Now, Mr. Chairman, that copy that I just

handed out is not the complete document, because

it's a very lengthy document, so I excerpted

sections that I was asking questions about.

Q. All right, so on page 18, Mr. Vandenberg, you were

going to answer to these questions; is that right?

A. MR. VANDENBERG: Depends on the question.

Q. So on page 18, second paragraph before the heading

1.3.1, it says:

"Much is made of the

difference between the two types of

end pit lakes. Both types will

receive significant quantities of

tailings seepage water from the

reclaimed watersheds and saline

groundwater from the surrounding

bedrock."

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780

Do you see that?

A. Yes.

Q. It says:

"Most of the watershed and

lake processes will be similar in

each. As the tailings consolidate,

EPLs with tailings storage become

more and more like EPLs without

tailings storage."

So do you agree that, over time, there's not

going to be significant difference between the two?

A. Yes, over time, the differences between the two

types of pit lakes will be reduced.

Q. Now, in the next paragraph, at the last sentence,

it says:

"Oil sands end pit lakes are

also expected to contain some

overburden and interburden (lean

oil sands) deposited during

mining."

Is that true of Shell's end pit lakes?

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781

A. MR. MARTINDALE: Yes, that's true.

Q. Now, the next page, page 19, it says just

underneath Figure 1-4, it says: "From a

reclamation perspective..." Sorry, it starts with

that. The second sentence says:

"Most often they [referring

to end pit lakes] will be located

at the lowest elevation on the mine

site and the reclaimed topography,

including overburden dumps and

drainage channels, will be shaped

to direct surface runoff toward the

EPL."

That will be true of Shell's; correct?

A. MR. ROBERTS: Yes.

Q. When I say "Shell's," I mean for the Jackpine Mine

Expansion, you'll understand that?

A. Yes. That would be true, we'd be contouring the

final topography so the runoff goes to those pit

lakes.

Q. And then at page 22, Section 1.5, "Adaptive

Management Framework," second paragraph is of

interest. It says:

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782

"The precautionary principle

requires that when scientific

uncertainty is high and the

potential for substantial negative

and environmental and/or social

impacts exists - a likely scenario

for EPLs -- decision-makers and

designers should err on the side of

caution."

Now, does Shell agree that decision-makers in

this context would include the ERCB?

A. MR. BROADHURST: Yes, I think that when

we're looking at the decisions around end pit

lakes, we're clearly going to be reviewing our

plans with the ERCB and also with Alberta

Environment and Sustainable Resources Development.

Q. And the ERCB should take a cautionary approach to

the end pit lake plans; correct?

A. Well, I think, I think you do take a precautionary

approach. And again, just to be clear,

precautionary approach doesn't mean that you, if

there's a risk, avoid the risk. It means if you

have alternatives, then you're going to select the

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783

alternative that's going to give you the best

opportunity for mitigating risk. So it isn't an

avoidance of risk, it's how you're choiceful in the

options that you have available to you.

Q. The people who were commissioned to assist with

this end pit lake guidance document by CEMA, I

recall, were experts that were canvassed from

around the globe because there wasn't very many

experts in end pit lakes; is that correct?

A. MR. VANDENBERG: No, that's incorrect. It

wasn't because there aren't very many experts.

It's because they wanted to have an international

perspective and so they intentionally looked pretty

far afield, as far as New York, Europe, and

Australia to find sort of a cold eye on what we

were doing and they brought those people into the

process.

Q. And obviously CEMA brought in people who they

thought were the most or amongst the best, having

the best expertise in end pit lakes?

A. That's my understanding.

Q. And those experts concluded that scientific

uncertainty was high with respect to end pit lake?

A. Sorry, are you quoting a specific chapter there?

Q. Section 22. I mean page 22, the quote that I just

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784

gave you, that there was: (Paraphrased quote)

"A high degree of scientific

uncertainty regarding the potential

for substantial negative and

environmental impacts."

A. Sorry, can you provide me a line that you're

quoting there?

Q. Sure, second paragraph after the heading, after the

Section 1.5. I just paraphrased it.

A. Yes, I guess I would disagree with your

paraphrasing. I'll just read it in full:

"The precautionary principle

requires that when scientific

uncertainty is high and the

potential for substantial negative

and environmental and/or social

impacts exists -- a likely scenario

for EPLs -- decision-makers and

designers should err on the side of

caution. This guide is written

with this principle in mind."

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785

So in other words, we have erred on the side

of caution where necessary. We take a fairly

conservative view in the assessments and the

modelling that we do for these lakes. We've

recommended fairly rigorous monitoring to ensure

that things go as planned.

Q. Mr. Vandenberg, I'm not going to engage in a

discussion with you on that interpretation of this.

But let's just assume for a minute, Mr. Chapman,

that my interpretation of this paragraph is

correct, you would agree that some experts in the

field of end pit lakes think that there's a high

risk from these pit lakes for adverse environmental

and social impacts? Sorry, a high degree of

uncertainty?

A. Okay, I'll go along with you.

Q. And you just started to tell me about adaptive

management, I believe, Mr. Vandenberg. Do you

agree, at page 23, we'll see -- there's a very

interesting comment about adaptive management. And

that's in the first full paragraph on page 23. It

says, when it talks about:

"This Guide introduces a

robust adaptive management."

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786

And then you'll see in the second line, it

says:

"Worldwide, adaptive

management has a poor track record

of performance."

Now, has Shell undertaken any work to assess

the track record for adaptive management in other

contexts and assessed what risk is involved in

taking this approach to scientific uncertainty and

risk?

A. Specifically with reference to that quote, the

author found that quote and went to pretty great

lengths to do his best to make sure that would not

be the case with oil sands pit lakes. He's laid

out a number of steps to follow to avoid the

problems that he's seen worldwide. And he

considered that lessons learned that the planners

can follow.

Q. All right, so this is going to be a bit of an

experiment in trying to make adaptive management

work in the context of end pit lakes; would that be

a fair summary?

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787

A. Now, just to clarify, you know, going back to some

of the earlier comments around uncertainty, the

experts who wrote this document have confidence

that the system will work. There is uncertainty

related to some of the specifics, for example,

which species will be there, which species won't be

there. There's a lot of uncertainty around that

type of thing, which I've already talked about.

But overall it's highlighted numerous times in this

document that the authors and the experts do feel

with a fairly high level of confidence that the oil

sands pit lakes will work, they will be successful.

When they are talking about uncertainty, we

are talking about specific details about, you know,

will it look like this, will it look like that.

But overall the concept was found to be sound

and ...

Q. Mr. Vandenberg, I'm sure the Panel's going to study

the document in its entirety itself.

I'm interested in asking some questions about

what Shell is going to do. And, in particular, I

notice that as part of adaptive management in this

case, further on in that paragraph, it says that:

"If the lake is performing

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788

poorly, there is a..."

I think it's saying that there is...

"... there is a list of

practical, reasonable, affordable

and timely interventions that have

already been assessed and

documented."

So I'm going to be interested in what

alternatives that Shell has assessed and

documented. In fact, I was interested in that, but

I couldn't find anything in your Application that

sets out what alternatives that Shell is

considering if their objective is not met or the

pit lakes don't perform as expected, an assessment

of the cost, the risks and the options to deal with

it.

A. MR. KOVACH: Again, I would like to repeat

what I think is an important part of

Mr. Vandenberg's response in that, end pit lakes

are going to serve two functions: The first

function is to make sure that we have adequate

water quality so that when the pit lake is put back

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789

in connection with the natural environment, we can

be assured that the receiving environment, that the

water quality will be maintained.

Q. But Mister --

A. I will answer your question.

And the second part is to look at the natural

environment and what the pit lake will look like at

the end of the day. And there's more uncertainty

on that.

So in terms of adaptive management, the key

aspects of adaptive management for the water

treatment aspects of it are related to, can you do

active treatment if it doesn't work? So ozonation,

absorption media. We've looked at that. We

understand that. While we're confident that the

pit lakes will provide adequate water quality,

there are options we can take, and we have many

years to study those.

Q. I understand you have many years to study those,

but I want to know, Mr. Kovach, ask you to confirm

that there's no assessment in the materials that

Shell has filed that this Board can look at to

understand each of those options and their relative

economic and technical feasibility?

A. No, there's nothing in the documents that explains

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790

that.

Q. Thank you.

Now page 24 of the CEMA document talks about

alternatives to end pit lakes. And that's Section

1.7. So it gives two main alternatives. Well,

first of all, it identifies that they are costly.

One is that each mine can essentially rehandle

tailings and overburdens and backfill it back into

the trench. You might recall we discussed that at

the Total hearing. Now, I understand, according to

this, that that would cost billions or tens of

billions of dollars for each pit. You're aware of

that?

Now, the second option it says is that you

could allow another operator to put their

overburden or tailings into the pit from nearby

leases so that you have a sequential mining filling

operation.

Now, given that Shell has a number of mines,

and is developing them sequentially, this is an

option that could be assessed by Shell; correct?

A. MR. ROBERTS: It is an option that we could

be looking at. Part of the issues that we have

with our mine from a geometry perspective is that

when we finish mining at the end of the north end,

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791

there is, although the Kearl operation is adjacent

to us, it is not in a state of development that

would allow backfilling of our pit with Kearl

overburden or tailings.

Q. Sorry, I didn't catch the last sentence you said.

What is it about the Kearl?

A. So the Kearl has a development plan that is

proceeding in the two pit mines through -- and

where we mine up and into the north end of Lease 88

and 89 where the last piece of ore that we'll be

removing, the Kearl operation has moved on, and

with the inability to move Kearl material in, so

that speaks to the cooperation of the two

operators. So the area north of Lease 88 and 89,

the overburden is deep, the ore is thick. The ore

is not quite as good, so there will not be an

operator to the north of us that would allow that

cooperation.

And, yes, we could, with great cost, move

materials in and backfill; that erodes the

viability of the Project and the returns from a

royalty perspective and a taxation perspective to

the stakeholders within Alberta and within Canada.

The last piece that is not mentioned here

that we think is viable is the implementation of a

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792

water treatment plant that could continually

process water until you've removed the impurities

and got it to a point that the water is sufficient

quality to mitigate any of the natural degradation

of contaminants.

Q. Thank you for raising that because I'm going to get

there. So option one is expensive, to backfill a

trench. And option two, to use your own mine or a

neighbouring, your own neighbouring mines or others

to backfill is expensive but maybe a bit less

expensive. Would that be a fair summary?

A. It depends on the geometry of the mine, the lease

holdings and the development plans. With adjacent

development plans, there is never certainty that

someone else's lease is going to be developed at

the rate or in the manner at which it's

contemplated.

Q. And then the third possibility identified in this

document is that if the end pit lake does not meet

its intended performance goals, then it could be

substantially modified or backfilled. And it says

this would be the most expensive option. I'm not

sure why.

In any event does Shell agree that those are

three -- I don't think that number 3 is an

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793

alternative to an end pit lake, it's just dealing

with the fact that there's a possibility that if

they work you would need to do something similar to

one and two; correct?

A. Correct.

Q. Now, what I'm interested in is is there any

information by which the Panel can assess the costs

of the various alternatives? There's the three

listed here. And then you mentioned water

treatment. How is the Panel going to assess the

relative risks and costs of the different options?

A. So we haven't filed that because we are confident

that the end pit lake solution without MFT is a

viable option. And as indicated in our submission

and our filings, we would not start filling the end

pit lakes until 2050, and with runoff water. That

provides us with 38 years of time to assess the

lakes that are being put in place and to manage and

put alternative plans in place should the risks

suggest that there may be some challenges with

remediation of those lakes.

Q. Now, Mr. Vandenberg, this document refers

throughout to adaptive management and the key

message appears to be that you should have

contingencies available in the event that things

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794

don't turn out as expected; correct?

A. MR. VANDENBERG: Correct. The Section 1.7

that you were reading from is "Alternatives to

EPLs" meaning that you basically avoid the EPL

concept. The remainder of the document is strongly

focussed on adaptive management within the end pit

lake concept, so what can you do if things don't go

as you anticipated but still set you back on the

track towards successful pit lake.

Q. And it's fundamental in assess -- to assess

document and have ready what your options or

contingencies are, correct, for each stage of the

development of the pit lake?

A. Correct. And that's, again, that's alternatives,

within the pit lake concept, what plans can you

change to make your lake more successful.

Q. And one of the options is that if it doesn't

perform, we've already looked at, might be to fill

in part of the pit or all of the pit, and it's also

in the shopping list of options that are attached

at, starting at page 354, table 9-5.

Now, let's just look at some examples, on the

left-hand side, do you see the second big column,

"Surface Water and Chemical"?

A. Yes.

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795

Q. And then if we go to the second row to the right.

Sorry, second row under that heading to the right,

fourth column, "potential interventions," it talks

about pumping in freshwater, reconfiguring

watershed geometry, reducing lake size.

Now, has Shell assessed the cost of making

reductions to the size of its 40 square kilometres

of pit lake?

A. So this table lists a number of hypothetical

problems that might arise and steps that could be

taken if those problems do arise. And I don't

think as authors of this document we advocated that

everybody's who got a pit lake assess all of these

option in advance. These are things that you would

do in the event that one of these are indicated.

Q. This document definitely advocates that you have a

adaptive management plan that sets out your options

for various contingencies and you document and

assess them; correct?

A. MR. BROADHURST: So, Ms. Buss, I wonder if

I could maybe just offer a comment. So we've been

talking to our specialist who is deeply

knowledgeable in pit lakes. What we're more

knowledgeable in is how you do developments. And

one of the things that we're talking about here is

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796

when you're doing a development and you have a

component of it that needs to be adaptively

managed, how do you do that and when do you

actually need to start putting in alternatives.

And it's very important because if you felt that

you needed to look at every dimension of your

project and think about every possible way that

there might be a change necessary, and think about

every alternative that could exist, you would never

be able to do anything.

And adaptive management is not about having

fully developed lists of alternatives at all times.

What it is about is having a plan that you have a

high degree of confidence you can deliver, having a

way of tracking and measuring progress towards your

objectives. And so for example on pit lakes, as

Mr. Martindale indicated, one of the things that we

are directly engaged with, and very interested in

the results, is the work with Syncrude on their

base mine lake. So you have a plan, you put in

place a monitoring and measurement plan that allows

you to identify the trigger for when you might need

to explore alternatives in more detail.

So it is very appropriate for us on the pit

lake, given the confidence that we have, to know

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797

that there are alternatives, and that's really what

the CEMA report is doing is putting a shopping list

of everything that you could conceivably consider

if you wanted to make a change from the pit lakes,

but it doesn't necessarily mean that one would

advocate doing all of that today when your base

case you're extremely confident in and where your

adaptive management is going to be the types of

things that we were just discussing a couple

moments ago in terms of adjusting the design of the

pit lake.

The other point which is really important, is

we're talking about pit lakes as if they don't

exist anywhere in the world, and they do. And if

at some point you're interested in hearing about

the success cases of pit lakes in the world in

other mining operations, Mr. Martindale has direct

experience with that and would be more than happy

to tell you how it can work, recognizing that you

always want to think about how it might not work,

but ensure that you have the appropriate level of

adaptive management in place, and don't jump the

gun.

Q. Mr. Broadhurst, let me put it to you this way.

This is the problem. We have a document, this end

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798

pit lake guidance document that gives us a rough

estimate in orders of magnitude that alternatives

to pit lakes could cost billions, certainly several

million. Right? What we don't know is how does

that compare, even on an order of magnitude level,

to what your options are if the pit lakes fail to

perform. If this experiment fails, what is going

to be the cost to Shell and to the taxpayer of this

province. And we know from reading this that the

most expensive option is to have the end pit lake

and then at the end of mining, if it fails, to fill

it back in.

So my question is, has Shell any information

that assessed the relative risks and costs of your

major options in the event that the lakes fail to

perform?

A. So I understand the concern as you've expressed it.

I wouldn't characterize pit lakes as an experiment,

particularly given the experience that we have

globally as an industry and being able to implement

them. I think it comes back to, as I'd indicated

before, the level of confidence that we have based

on that and the data that exists for the oil sands

in being able to deploy these pit lakes. And the

fact that the first tranche, and probably the

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799

second and the third tranche of adaptive management

is going to be the things that you do around

designing the pit lake. We've got plenty of time

and plenty of smart technical people that will find

other alternatives to the extreme measures that are

identified in the report. I think for the authors,

for the purpose of what they were doing with the

report, which was really providing an information

update on what's known around pit lakes, it's not

inappropriate to identify the extremes that one

could go to to address shortfalls, but in our

opinion, that's far, far down the list of options.

And so it wouldn't really be fruitful to put our

energy and time into that. Our energy and time

should be going into making them work.

Q. Mr. Broadhurst, Shell is seeking from this Panel

today, or in the next couple weeks, an approval for

a Mine Plan that's dependent on the creation of end

pit lakes; correct?

A. That's correct.

Q. And this Panel, therefore, needs to know what

mitigation Shell is prepared to undertake today

when it gives you that approval; correct?

A. Well, again, I think it comes back to our earlier

discussion. You can ask me to speculate on things

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800

and I can speculate.

Q. No, I'm not asking you to speculate. I'm asking

you just through the principle that this Panel

needs to understand what mitigation Shell is

prepared to commit to; correct?

A. Right. And what I'd like to be very clear on with

the Panel is that we've done a significant body of

work, we're confident in the base design that we

have for the plan, we work with industry, and we

will have the data based on the work that Syncrude

is leading to allow us to refine that design.

There are mitigations that one can do around

designing the pit lake to be able to manage the

water treatment aspect and also the final

characterization of the lake.

If there are necessary measures to be taken,

and we've identified within the CEMA report a

number of what I would call "end-of-the-road

options," but there are more likely options like

water treatment or the integration of some water

treatment, then those are the measures that will

work when we have the data to actually tell us we

have a problem that needs to be fixed.

And clearly our progress will be very closely

tracked and monitored through our engagement with

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801

the regulators. So we are confident in what we can

deliver. We are committed to doing what is

necessary to make sure that at the end of the day,

the mine will deliver the ultimate closure and

reclamation landscape that's necessary.

Q. Mr. Broadhurst, I have one final question on end

pit lakes if I might ask before the break.

If you could turn to page 179 of the CEMA

document, section 6.1.1 entitled: "Unique

Challenges Posed by End Pit Lakes."

Now, you've talked about that there are some

success stories from other mines, and those other

mines are hard rock mines, correct, that

Mr. Martindale referred to?

A. Yes. And coal.

Q. And if we look at the second paragraph under 6.1.1,

you will see that the authors of this document say

that:

"The principle and

overarching issue related to EPL

water quality will be degradation

of oil sands process water, waters

(OSPW) toxicity. Whereas in hard

rock mine pit lakes, water quality

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802

is generally controlled by

geotechnical (sic) processes such

as oxidation/reduction reactions,

metal leaching and acid rock

drainage, these processes are of

secondary concern in EPLs.

Instead, EPL water quality will be

driven primarily by dissolved

organics and salinity. As a

result, nearly all information

regarding the toxicity and fate of

OSPW constituents has been gained

through studies that were conducted

specifically on OSPW."

So you would agree that there are unique

features to the pit lakes in this region?

A. Yes, I would.

Q. And you're going to be fighting issues of salinity

and organic toxicity from naphthenic acids;

correct?

A. Well, I put it in the same family as fighting all

of the other technical innovations that we have, so

I don't see it as much as fighting as much as doing

the technical work that's necessary to deliver the

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803

solutions, which is under way, by the way.

MS. BUSS: All right, Mr. Chairman. I'm

happy to leave this subject and have a break, if

that would please the Panel.

THE CHAIRMAN: It would, Ms. Buss. Thank

you.

I have 10:22. So we'll be back in

20 minutes.

(The morning adjournment)

THE CHAIRMAN: Ladies and Gentlemen, just by

way of housekeeping, I think the morning has gone

better in terms of the ability to identify and

retrieve the documents, but I just wanted to note

that the exhibit list that I think is being

provided regularly has a cross-reference between

the exhibit number and the document number from the

CEAA Registry, if that helps in addition.

The second thing is Mr. Perkins would like to

meet with counsel at the start of the lunch break

to speak further about scheduling, so if you would

please do that, we'd appreciate it.

Ms. Buss.

MS. BUSS: Thank you, Mr. Chair.

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804

A. MR. MARTINDALE: Ms. Buss, can I make a

correction to a statement I made earlier this

morning. When questioned about Syncrude base mine

lake, the information, the data that will be

collected will be submitted to Alberta Environment

and SRD. And, you know, will be publicly available

at the discretion of ASRD. Alberta Environment and

ASRD.

Q. That will be collected, you mean in the future?

A. Yes. The experiment basically will be beginning at

the beginning of next year. And so the data will

be submitted annually to ASRD.

Q. Okay, thank you. Now that we're warmed up, I have

some questions on air. And, sorry, I should have

handed this out at the break. I'm going to have

some questions regarding a report by the Water

Monitoring Data Review Committee appointed by the

Government of Alberta entitled "Evaluation of Four

Reports on Contamination of the Athabasca River

System by Oil Sands Operations" dated March 7th,

2011. Now, I take it that Shell's familiar with

this document?

A. Yes, we're familiar.

Q. Now, this document's not in evidence, and I

understand you've had a quick opportunity yesterday

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805

to refresh your memory about it. Who would be

answering questions with respect to it from the

panel?

A. MR. SPELLER: Again, Ms. Buss, I think it

will depend on what the question is.

Q. Okay. Let me take you to the Executive Summary on

page i and the very, very last sentence on the

page that says:

"The RAMP program has many

monitoring sites, but the low

sampling frequency each year limits

this program's ability to determine

impacts from oil sands operations."

Do you see that?

A. MR. KOVACH: Yes, not all of us have a

copy, but we'll take your word for it.

Q. Do you want me to wait until you've had a chance to

look at the copy I provided?

A. MR. SPELLER: I'm sorry, Ms. Buss, is it

the paragraph starting "The Regional Aquatics

Monitoring Program has a very extensive monitoring

design"?

Q. No, it's the last paragraph on page i.

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806

Mr. Denstedt found his copy, so he's going to give

you another one. It's the very last paragraph, it

starts with the words "The focused", and then the

last sentence in that paragraph which starts with

"The RAMP."

A. Yes, we see it.

Q. Now, Shell is a member of RAMP, correct?

A. MR. KOVACH: That is correct.

Q. And it would have read with interest this report

commissioned by Alberta to investigate competing

claims regarding impacts of oil sands development;

correct?

A. Yes, that is correct. We want to make sure that we

have good monitoring in the region. And we're

supportive of RAMP and we're supportive of other

programs that provide additional data.

Q. And given that this team of experts appointed by

the Government of Alberta found that the RAMP

program has limited ability to determine impacts

from oil sands operations, does Shell agree that

the RAMP data has limitations that ought to be

considered by the Panel in evaluating the

information that Shell has provided that relies on

RAMP?

A. Yes, I think I understand what you're asking, is

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807

RAMP data valuable in terms of how we can use it in

an impact assessment that informs a public-interest

decision?

Q. I'm asking you whether you agree that in light of

the findings of this report that this Panel should

be cautious in relying on RAMP data?

A. I think I'll pass this on, but I think I'll start

by saying I think it depends on the nature of the

data, so there are limitations noted with RAMP data

in the region and that's why Alberta and Canada

have come up with a joint monitoring plan or

implementation plan for monitoring in the oil sands

region. However, there is still value in the RAMP

data and we can speak to it.

Q. We're going to get there.

So let's go to page 13 of this document,

Section 2.1.4. The heading is "conclusions" and

then on the hard copy, it starts at page 213. And

the last paragraph on that section. That starts

with:

"Taking into consideration

all data and critiques, the WMDRC,

(that's the Committee) agrees with

Kelly et al.'s conclusion..."

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808

And just let's step back for a minute.

Kelly et al. is the reports by Kelly and Schindler

regarding their sampling, results of sampling that

they undertook in the Athabasca River and published

2010; is that correct?

A. MR. SPELLER: Yes, if I could speak to

that. So the Kelly/Schindler et al. paper from

2009 looked at airborne deposition of compounds on

to the snowpack and discussed whether there would

be, during snowmelt, those would, those compounds

would make it to the river. This last paragraph --

Q. And they had two publications, one in 2009 and one

in 2010; correct?

A. That's correct. One for polycyclic aromatics and

one for metals. The last paragraph that you're

discussing talks about:

"This document agrees with

the conclusion that some of the

poly-aromatics are being introduced

into the environment."

And then the next sentence states:

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809

"Their water data do not

allow even approximate assessment

of the relative contributions of

natural loadings and those due to

oil sands operations."

Q. And this panel also found that -- sorry, the panel

I'm referring to is the expert panel for the

monitoring:

"While many of the

differences they (referring to

Kelly et al.) document are

consistent with large inputs from

oil sands operations."

And then the part that you read that their

scope of the study was not able to approximate the

assessment of the relative contribution of natural

versus those due to oil sands.

Now, with respect to the findings being

consistent large inputs of PACs from oil sands

operations, my questions are these: Would you

agree that it would be prudent to limit mass

loadings of PACs to the extent feasible?

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810

A. Ms. Buss, in my opinion, the reduction or

mitigation of those emissions are beneficial.

Q. Are what?

A. Are beneficial.

Q. Yes. So you'll agree that it would be beneficial

to reduce mass loadings where possible or feasible?

A. Yeah, I believe that proper mitigation for an

industrial development is appropriate.

Q. My question was do you agree that it would be

prudent to limit mass loadings of PACs to the

extent possible. Is that a "yes"?

A. No, I don't -- it would really depend on the

loading that you're talking about.

Q. I'm talking about mass loadings of polycyclical

aromatic compounds.

A. I'm sorry, Ms. Buss, what I meant was it depends on

the mass and the amount of the loading.

Q. Do you agree that if there's large inputs of PACs

from oil sands operations, it would be prudent to

limit those inputs to the extent feasible?

A. Again, it's -- in my opinion, the -- when you're

looking at what you should be doing for mitigation

on something, you should be looking to the degree

of the quantitative input of that into the

ecosystem. So without having a qualification of

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811

"large." Mitigation is a good thing, but again,

without a definition of what you're talking about

for "large," it's difficult to answer.

Q. Well, does Shell agree it's prudent to limit the

amount of pollution that it emits into the air?

A. MR. KOVACH: I'm sorry, could you repeat

that.

Q. Does Shell agree that it's prudent to limit the

amount of pollution it puts into the air where

feasible?

A. Shell believes that when we look at impacts -- when

we look at our operations and what we emit into the

air, we have to be careful to understand the

impacts due to those, so we look at the mass

loadings and we do an impact assessment to

determine the effects to the environment. That's

our approach. And we look at based on what we find

that helps us to understand whether or not we need

to incorporate additional mitigation.

Q. Okay. So let's move on.

I thought that was going to be a very simple

point that one would try to avoid putting pollution

in the air where one could, but I take it Shell

can't agree with that principle?

MR. DENSTEDT: Mr. Chairman, I think what

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812

Shell couldn't agree with was Ms. Buss's words of

"large, prudent and feasible", and they've provided

their own answer, which is on the record.

MS. BUSS: That's fine. Let's move on.

Q. Do you agree that combustion of hydrocarbons is a

source of PACs?


Q. And that includes the exhaust from Shell's mine

fleet?


Q. Now, one of the findings of this expert panel, at

page 26 and 27 -- sorry, I've got my citation

wrong. Okay, let's go to the general conclusions

at the bottom of page 26 that says:

"The Kelly et al. (2009/2010)

papers have served a useful purpose

in pointing out some deficiencies

in the current monitoring programs

in the oil sands area. The

committee thinks that this is now

accepted by all, as evidenced by

the Alberta Premier appointing yet

another panel to develop a more

rigorous monitoring program for the

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813

future.

We believe that this was the

goal of Professor Schindler's team

when they initiated their studies.

They did what they could do with

limited funds, and while not

perfect and limited in scope, the

results have received considerable

attention."

Now, my question is does Shell also accept

that the Schindler et al. work has served a useful

purpose in pointing out limitations in the existing

monitoring programs?

A. MR. KOVACH: Yes.

Q. Now, with respect to the next paragraph, the first

sentence acknowledges that:

"There are limitations on the

ability of Kelly et al. to estimate

the mass loadings of contaminants

from the oil sands activities in

the watershed.

Their results, however, carry

the implication that considerably

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814

more particulate matter and trace

metals are being released from the

oil sands facilities than is being

reported in the National Pollutant

Release Inventory or that fugitive

sources are a major source of local

pollution in the area."

Now, given that finding, can you confirm that

the Jackpine Mine Expansion's mine fleet will be a

source of particulate matter?

A. Yes, it will.

Q. And it will also be a source of trace metals;

correct?


MS. BUSS: Mr. Chairman, I'm wondering

if we can mark this as an exhibit.

MR. PERKINS: I've got 17-022, sir.


EXHIBIT 17-022: REPORT ENTITLED "EVALUATION OF

FOUR REPORTS ON CONTAMINATION OF THE ATHABASCA

RIVER SYSTEMS BY OIL SAND OPERATORS"

Q. MS. BUSS: Now, in Exhibit 001-070A,

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815

which is Shell's October 15th response to the

submissions filed, including that of my client,

OSEC, you say at page 22-23:

"Although it is correct to

state that ambient air quality

concentrations in the region are

generally higher when compared to

50 years ago, proper trend analysis

of 10 years of monitored ambient

air quality in the region was

conducted by Kindzeirski et al. in

a series of studies in 2009."

And I'm just going to stop there. There was

actually one study that was published in parts; is

that correct?

A. MR. SPELLER: I'd have to check that for

you. When we deal with these different reports, we

usually treat them as a separate series, so I'd

have to confirm that. It was a large volume of

work that was done by Dr. Kindzeirski.

Q. Yes. And you cite him for the proposition that:

"There [has been] little or

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816

no pattern to the changes in

concentrations of various air

pollutants ... during the past

10 years."

Is that a fair summation?

A. That's Dr. Kindzeirski's summation. There were

some compounds that showed some trends over time,

either increasing or decreasing, and others showed

no trends. This was Dr. Kindzeirski's finding.

Q. I'm just going to hand out a hard copy of one of

your attachments to that exhibit to make it easier

to follow.

Now, the period of time that Dr. Kindzeirski

looked at would be WBEA data was from 1998 to 2007;

correct?

A. That's correct.

Q. And would you agree with me that 1998 oil sands

production in the region was about 500,000 barrels

per day?

A. MR. KOVACH: Sounds about correct.

Q. And in 2007, when his study ended, there was about

1.3 million, I'm giving really rough numbers here,

but it was approximately 1.3 million barrels per

day of production of oil sands; correct?

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817

A. MR. MARTINDALE: That's about right.

Q. And at that time, CNRL's mine wasn't operating;

correct?

A. Correct.

Q. The Muskeg River Mine wasn't even operating?

A. The Muskeg River Mine was operating. Jackpine Mine

wasn't operating.

Q. When did the Muskeg River Mine start up?

A. 2003.

Q. When did the Expansion start up?

A. 2010.

Q. And the Jackpine Mine started when in 2010?

A. The first production was August of 2010.

Q. And the Kearl Mine hadn't started yet?

A. No. It was under construction.

Q. And you agree that currently the number of barrels

per day of approved production is about three

million?

A. Yes, that would be about right.

Q. And that's probably going to come online by 2018?

A. Not a lot of construction right now, other than

Kearl.

Q. Well, if you get approval for this Expansion,

you'll be coming online?

A. I hope so.

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818

Q. You said "I hope so," I believe, is that correct?

A. Yes, yes.

Q. I think you alluded to this, Mr. Kovach. In

Dr. Kindzeirski's findings, he did note under the

heading "what did we find" on the summary page, and

I apologize, the copy is poor here:

"Concentration of oxides of

nitrogen increased at a station by

Fort McKay and at one station of

Fort McMurray over the 10-year

period."

Now, your mine fleet is going to be a source

of nitrogen dioxide; is that correct?

A. MR. KOVACH: Yes, that is correct.

Q. And if we turn the page, you can see it says that:

"Mixed results were found at

stations close to oil sands

development."

Is that correct?

A. Yes, that's what it states.

Q. And then for particulate matter, if you look at the

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819

end of that paragraph, he didn't have 10 years of

data for particulate matter. The period of record

ranged from four to seven years for various

stations; correct?

A. Correct, that's what it states.

Q. We also see that with respect to reduced sulphur

compounds, there was also small increases in

concentrations again at the Patricia McInnis

station near Fort McKay?

A. MR. MARTINDALE: Just a correction, that

station is in the Timberlea in Fort McMurray.

Q. I have the wrong name of the station. So it's the

station near Fort McKay anyway?

A. MR. KOVACH: Can you tell me where you're

reading from?

Q. The reduced sulphur compound section.

A. Just to clarify, you said Patricia McInnis? Did

you mean Fort McKay?

Q. Yes, I got the name wrong of the monitoring

station.

A. Okay. Yes, it states that.

MS. BUSS: Now, Mr. Chairman, I don't

propose to mark this as an exhibit because it's

already in the record.

THE CHAIRMAN: I don't see the need.

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820

Q. MS. BUSS: Now, does Shell, therefore,

agree that industrial emissions are impacting air

quality? I'm not asking about degree. I'm asking

about whether there's an impact?

A. Yes, industrial development with combustion of

hydrocarbons will release these compounds.

Q. And the degree of impact depends on the nature of

the emissions; correct?

A. Can you explain what you mean by "nature"?

Q. The type of emissions, the substances and whether

they're -- let's just stick with the type of

substances.

A. Yes, the factors that would lead to impact are the

ones you identified as well as the way that they

are released into the environment.

Q. And it also depends on, our ability to know what

effects there are depends on when, where, and how

air quality is measured?

A. MR. SPELLER: Sorry, could you rephrase

that?

Q. Our ability to determine the effect of emissions on

air quality depends on where it's measured;

correct?

A. Our ability to understand the resulting

concentrations is dependent on where it's

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821

monitored, yes. There are other aspects of effects

that aren't tied to air quality monitoring.

Q. Also depends on when we measure?

A. The frequency of measurement is one of the aspects

when we look at monitoring data, yes.

Q. And the location of your monitoring stations?

A. Yes. We're relying only on the monitoring data to

understand effects. There are other techniques as

long as model predictions and other aspects.

Q. Now I have some questions regarding your mine fleet

emissions. And I can take you to the documents if

you need to, but you might know this information if

you're the air quality expert for Shell, I believe.

The mine fleet emissions that are estimated

for the Expansion are based on emission factors,

correct? Those are based on manufacturer's

specifications?

A. Ms. Buss, I'll answer that. So the emissions from

the mine fleet that we used are based on a

combination of emission standards from the United

States Environmental Protection Agency for off-road

vehicles, as well as incorporating aspects of load

factor and other things from a modelling

perspective.

Q. Right, so your model assumes, it's basically based

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822

on assumptions about how much emissions there's

going to be based on the manufacturer's

specifications and the standards that apply;

correct?

A. That's correct.

Q. And it includes things like assumptions, like you

said, on load factor and assumptions like

deterioration factors?


Q. And it's only through monitoring those emissions

that you'll be able to determine whether the amount

of emissions are actually as predicted?

A. Yeah, there's two aspects when you're looking at

air quality and monitoring to confirm your

predictions and understand what is going on, so the

first is monitoring from the emission source

itself, so how much is coming from, in this case, a

truck or a vehicle. And the second is monitoring

the ambient air in that vicinity, or far afield, to

understand what the impacts are. And that

monitoring is currently proceeding in the region.

Q. Now, the information that you filed with respect to

the Expansion, it actually shows a decrease in the

mine fleet emissions as a result of the Jackpine

Mine Expansion; correct?

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823

A. Yes, so the mine fleet, when we look at our EIA, we

start with our base case which is existing and

approved, then we add on the project we're applying

for, which is the Application Case. So since this

is an integrated Mine Plan for Jackpine Mine, what

we did was, the Base Case Jackpine Mine emissions

are what was approved for Jackpine Mine Phase I.

And that's mainly a mine fleet that's made up of

TIER-I and TIER-II vehicles, which are the

higher-emitting types of trucks chronologically in

the US EPA tier standards.

We then, for the Application Case, when we

looked at the entire 300,000 barrels per day

integrated mine fleet for Jackpine Mine Expansion

and Jackpine Mine Phase I, we looked at the

combined mine fleet and found the largest year of

emissions over the 40-year-life of mine, and

included that number to represent the entire mine

fleet.

Q. When you said the largest number, was that based on

emission factors?

A. So we developed the mine fleet profile for the mine

fleet for every year based on the emission

standards that are expected to be met for the

different tiers of trucks and took the highest one,

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824

yes.

Q. Let me summarize. What you did is you recalculated

the mine fleet emissions from Jackpine I?

A. Yeah, typically, when we add, if this was a

stand-alone project and not an amendment, the new

project would just be in addition to the existing

and approved projects. Because this is an

integrated mine fleet, there's not a

200,000-barrel-per-day mine fleet travelling on the

site and then a separate 100,000-barrel-per-day

mine fleet travelling in another part. They are

comingled, it's the same fleet, so we put them

together and recalculated.

Q. Now, for the purpose of assessing the impacts of

the Expansion, you just assumed that one-third of

the emissions from the entire mine would be

attributable to the Expansion based on the ratio of

production; is that correct?

A. That's correct.

Q. Now, let's look at -- well, I don't know if we have

to look -- yes, we do. We have to look at table 2,

which is Exhibit 001-051F, which is -- it's

page 150 of the PDF. So this is your tables that

are supporting your assessment in the May 2012

Supplemental Information, Appendix 1 to SIR8. My

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825

question is with respect to Table A-2. Do you have

that, Mr. Kovach?

A. MR. KOVACH: I'm sorry, could you give us

the PDF number one more time, please, or the

page number.

Q. Well, the PDF page number I have is 150.

A. 150.

Q. And it's Air Emission Attachment A. The first

page of the attachment, I believe. No, it's

page A-6.

A. MR. SPELLER: So if it would be helpful,

what we're discussing is Appendix 3.2 of the May

2012 submission. That Appendix has an Attachment

A. And that's I believe the table you're referring

to, Ms. Buss.

Q. Yes, thank you for that.

So my question is, the amount of emissions

from, first of all you have Jackpine Mine I and

Jackpine Mine Expansion as the first project listed

in Table A2; correct?

A. That's correct.

Q. And it's showing that NOx emissions are 11,202

tonnes per day, or that's the predicted emission

rate; correct?


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826

Q. And your particulate matter emissions are estimated

at 0.398 for the combined mine?


Q. And most of your trace metals would be bound up in

that particulate matter; is that correct?

A. Yes, our trace metal emissions would be a

subfraction of those PM2.5 numbers.

Q. So using your methodology, we would attribute

one-third of the 11,202 tonnes per day to the

Expansion; is that fair?

MR. DENSTEDT: Mr. Chairman, I think it's

11.2 tonnes, not 11,200. At least it is on my

table. It's 11.2.

MS. BUSS: Thank you. My table is

extremely tiny. It's hard to read.

A. MR. SPELLER: Yes, Ms. Buss. Roughly

taking that ratio, that 200,000 to 100,000, you

could divide that number. Because of the location

of the area source, there is about, I'd say, 0.6

tonnes per day, that's not directly attributable to

the mine fleet, it's a very small portion. It's

space heating and other factors in that area. But

generally the answer's yes.

Q. So it would be approximately 3.4 tonnes per day of

NOx from the Expansion, and approximately 0.100

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827

tonnes per day for particulate matter; would that

be fair?

A. Yes, in our calculation, again it's a rough ratio,

in our calculations the NOx from Jackpine Mine

Expansion from the mine fleet should be 3.54 tonnes

per day, so it's in the right ballpark.

Q. Then for your Muskeg River Mine, you've got

emissions it looks like somewhere in the

neighbourhood of 22 to 23 tonnes per day, is that a

fair estimate, or summary of your table? There's

20.583 on the first column, or the second column,

and there's 1.9 tonnes per day in the first column,

both labelled "mine fleet exhaust and mine face

fugitives."

A. Yes, that's the correct number. And again, that

goes to show, again, the conservative nature of the

assessment that we're doing. The MRM mine fleet

was made up primarily of TIER-I and TIER-II trucks

at the time when it was applied for in 2005 and

2006, so those emissions are higher than what we

would see at the Jackpine Mine Expansion. Because

for the Expansion projects, the largest year is the

year when most of the trucks are going to be

TIER-IV emissions.

Q. Now I would like you to go to Exhibit 001-051I,

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828

which, again, is that same Appendix 3.2. And I'm

looking at, can you look at table 3.2-1, which is

on the PDF page 13. And this is your mine fleet,

sorry, this is the emissions from mine fleets.

Sorry, it's Figure 3.2-2. I misspoke.

Okay, so this is only NOx emissions from mine

fleet, it doesn't include boilers and heaters and

other sources; correct?


Q. And if we look at your bar charts here, there is

between 2017 and 2018, we see the total bar goes

up, I mean the bar for 2017 is less high than the

one for 2018?


Q. Can you estimate about what the difference is

between that?

A. Sorry, between?

Q. 2017 and 2018.

A. I guess I'd estimate that's around 10 tonnes per

day.

Q. And does this incorporate the start-up of Jackpine

Mine Expansion in this table?

A. Yes, it does, recognizing that when Jackpine Mine

Expansion starts up, it doesn't start up at the

full 100,000 barrels per day, it's a gradual

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829

increase.

And perhaps, Ms. Buss, it would be helpful to

explain what this graph is. So in our EIA, when we

look at the mine fleets, because we don't know

exactly when different mine fleets will be coming

online and what the production will be from

year-to-year, we conservatively assume that each

mine fleet is operating at its maximum capacity all

in the same year, and we just modelled that

scenario.

Q. Yes, and --

A. What we've tried to do in this graph, and in this

example, is show, estimate how production in the

region will come online and how the mine fleet --

Q. Will turn over --

A. -- will cause, well, will cause the emissions to

grow in the region. The black lines are showing

our estimate of what that looks like. The red dash

line at the very top, the 205, is actually what we

model in our assessment.

Q. I'm interested in your mine-fleet turnover in 2025.

So does Shell commit to turning over, to having all

TIER-IV trucks by 2025?

A. MR. ROBERTS: So I'll take that one. So

what we will commit to is purchasing TIER-IV trucks

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830

when they are available, as we replace our fleet

and as we bring new trucks on to the market, or

into the fleet.

Q. So the answer is no?

A. That's correct.

Q. And just for context Mr. Kovach, this chart doesn't

include other emission sources from SAGD and

traditional mines for other sources of NOx;

correct?

A. MR. SPELLER: Actually, I'm Wayne Speller.

Q. Oh, I'm sorry, Mr. Speller.

A. So this graph specifically is just focused on mine

fleets because when we did our acid deposition

modelling assessment, we used the right-hand side

of this graph, and that is what it's meant to

represent. So other stationary sources are

included in the overall modelling. And in our

emissions tables, this is strictly focused on mine

fleets.

Q. So you were clarifying this chart and I wanted to

clarify, sorry, this figure, and I also wanted to

clarify this figure, that it doesn't tell us in

itself the overall levels of expected NOx

emissions; correct?

A. That's correct. That information is in tables

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831

earlier in this Appendix and in the Assessment

itself.

Q. Thank you.

Now, Shell participated in the, what used to

be called the NoxSOx Management Working Group of

CEMA, to develop the Alberta -- which developed the

Alberta Acid Deposition Framework, is that correct?

A. MR. KOVACH: Yes, that's correct.

Q. And Shell was a member of CEMA and it was approved

by CEMA in 2004; correct?

A. Yes, that sounds correct.

Q. And it was supported by Shell, I believe Judy Smith

was the champion of it at the time for Shell?

A. That is correct.

Q. Now, I have a question related to the Lower

Athabasca Regional Plan, also known as LARP, which

is found at Exhibit 017, this is the OSEC

submission, Appendix QQ, which on the registry is

017-016T, as in Tom. And my reference

unfortunately is only to the page number out of the

hard copy. The very top of page 28. And it's

found in the section entitled, "Monitoring (sic)

Air, Water and Biodiversity, and Minimizing Land

Disturbance."

A. MR. KOVACH: Just confirming, you're

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832

on page 28 of LARP, there's a Section 6.33,

"Investigation"?

Q. No, I'm in the Lower Athabasca Regional Plan

2012-22. This is the big plan that has all of

the --

A. My apologies, yes.

Q. The overall plan.

A. "The Future of the Region" is one of the big texts

in there?

Q. No. It says "The establishment of ambient air

modelling." Can I just show you my page. Maybe

that would help.

A. Yes, I apologize, if you could, that would be

helpful.

Q. Now, Mr. Kovach, this is the Lower Athabasca

Regional Plan that was approved by the Government

of Alberta on September 1st of this year; is that

correct?


Q. And I'll read into the record the first

paragraph on page 28 of that document. It says:

"The establishment of ambient

environmental limits provides

context for decision-making by

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833

government and by potential

applicants for new projects. The

limits also encourage industries

and other land users to employ best

practices, new technologies and

process improvements to minimize

impacts on the region's air and

water."

Now, would you agree that the ERCB and the

Joint Review Panel are decision-makers to which

this paragraph would apply?

A. Yes.

Q. You're aware that Environment Canada commissioned a

report by a consulting firm named Bradley which

indicated that:

"Significant reductions in

NOx and particulate matter could be

achieved through retrofits to the

mine fleets."

A. Do you have a name for that document? I'm not

personally familiar with what you've given. I do

know that had been suggested by persons, yes.

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834

Q. Are you a member of WBEA?

A. MR. MARTINDALE: Yes, we are.

Q. And that Bradley report is referenced in the

Environment Canada Submission. I'm sorry I don't

have the reference to it. I just assumed that you

would be familiar with it because I understand it

was a topic at WBEA.

A. MR. KOVACH: One moment.

We understand that, again, that people have

suggested repowering engines as a potential

mitigation to manage NOx in the region.

Q. Now, Shell has not proposed testing any retrofits

of its mine fleet, for example by adding

particulate filters or SCR technology to reduce NOx

emissions; is that correct?

A. MR. ROBERTS: So at this point in time,

we're not considering retrofitting our mine fleet.

What we are committing to doing is to continue to

work with the equipment suppliers to give us the

most energy-efficient and emissions-friendly

equipment as it evolves and as it develops.

We are participating in trials with our

vendors in non-diesel haul-trucks. We will be

bringing in Caterpillar's first hybrid diesel truck

or diesel excavator with 25 percent, that has

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835

25 percent less emissions because of capacitor

banks that it has. This is a first for the mining

business. We will be the trial site for that.

We're working very closely with our equipment

suppliers and it's in our best interests to reduce

our fuel costs, to reduce our maintenance, and to

provide the highest reliability and up-time that we

can to maximize the efficiency of our equipment and

reduce the emissions.

Q. Shell is not proposing to test any retrofits for

its mine fleet such as particulate filters or SCR;

is that accurate?

A. Not at this time.

Q. It's not accurate or you're not proposing it at

this time?

A. Pardon me? I missed that.

Q. Is this correct that you said not at this time, at

this time Shell is not proposing to test any such

retrofits; correct?

A. Not with the current evolution of the equipment.

Q. Okay.

A. We're monitoring how the equipment suppliers are

developing their engine packages and their truck

packages.

Q. All right. And I heard Mr. Broadhurst say on

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836

Tuesday that Shell is committed to leading

innovation; is that correct?

A. Yes, I believe he said that.

Q. And in order to advance new technology to reduce

pollution, it has to be subject to trials by some

operator; is that correct?

A. That's correct. And we are doing that with our

mining, with the actual shovel fleet that we have.

And we are participating in manufacturers'

development of alternative fuels to diesel as well.

Q. Okay, so when you say you're doing that with

respect to your mine fleet, that's with respect to

these hybrid Caterpillars and?

A. That would be hybrid shovels, we will be doing

that, that shovel will be up and operating I

believe early in the New Year. And we're actively

monitoring fuels that are alternate fuels to diesel

that are undergoing development at this time.

Q. And at this point in time you're not proposing any

retrofits to your existing mine fleet; correct?

A. Not at this point in time.

Q. Okay.

A. There may be a time very near in the future where

we would embark on that.

Q. Now I have some questions of the Muskeg River

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837

basin. But first I'm wondering if we can get on

the same page as to the definition of "ecological

integrity."

Now, according to Environment Canada, this

term is used to describe:

"... ecosystems that are

self-sustaining and

self-regulating. For example, they

have complete food webs, a full

complement of native species that

can maintain their populations, and

naturally functioning ecological

processes (energy flow, nutrient

and water cycles, etc)."

Now, does Shell agree that that's a fair

definition of ecosystem ecological integrity?

A. MR. KOVACH: Yes.

Q. Now, back in the earlier part of the 2000s, CEMA

had a Muskeg River Integrity Working Group, of

which Shell was a member; correct?

A. That is correct.

Q. And the purpose was to develop a plan to protect

the ecological integrity of the Muskeg River

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838

watershed; correct?


Q. And CEMA stopped funding it, correct?

A. MR. MARTINDALE: No, CEMA didn't stop

funding it. I believe the work of the group was

sent on to Alberta Environment.

Q. And that was because the group wasn't making

progress?

A. That's my understanding.

Q. And was any member on your panel involved in this

working group?

A. No. That was another person in the Shell office in

Calgary.

Q. And would you know, Mr. Martindale, if one of the

reasons for the disbanding of that group was

because it was very challenging to make a plan for

ecological integrity in a basin that was going to

have a lot of mining in it?

A. I'm sorry, I wasn't party to those meetings or

conversations, but I do understand that there was

wide discussion in the group as to where it was

going. And I think the government needed to have a

framework or had committed to having a framework by

a certain amount of time, so they took on the work

that had been done to date.

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839

Q. And they had to do that because the work wasn't

progressing fast enough; correct?

A. Correct.

Q. Can you confirm that the Muskeg River watershed is

approximately 1400 kilometres, square kilometres?

A. MR. SPELLER: I can, yes.

Q. And it has terrestrial and aquatic features

including wetlands?

A. That's correct.

Q. And the Jackpine Mine Expansion will be the first

project in this watershed that will not maintain

the integrity of the mainstem of the river?

A. My understanding is that that's false, that the

Imperial Kearl Project is also disturbing part of

the mainstem.

Q. I thought it was in the headwaters, but maybe

there's an issue about definition of mainstem?

A. There may be, yes.

Q. And what definition are you using?

A. My understanding for the mainstem is that it's the

part that curls up through Leases 88 and 89 and

then progresses into the east.

Q. Now, I wasn't clear because I saw different numbers

throughout your Application about how much of the

mainstem of the Muskeg River will be mined by

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840

Shell. Is it 16, 21 or 22 kilometres.

A. MR. KOVACH: We're just checking lengths,

but our understanding is it's 21.

Q. Okay. All right. Subject to check, we'll take

21 kilometres as a reasonable estimate. Would that

be fair?

A. Yes, 21 is the right number. We're just trying to

be sure of how that meander plays into that.

Q. Now, there's no assessment in the Environmental

Impact Assessment that you've prepared that looks

at the impacts to the watershed as a whole; is that

fair?

A. MR. SPELLER: The impact assessment looks

at the different components of the watershed, yes.

Q. Well, I was looking through all of your documents

and I couldn't find this, because of the way that

the EIA is structured, but is it correct that the

Expansion will increase the disturbed area within

the Muskeg River watershed to a total of about

45 percent? Or do you want to check that?

A. Yes, we'd have to check that number.

Q. So my question is, when you add Jackpine Mine

Expansion to the existing development, we end up

with about 45 percent of the watershed disturbed.

Is that clear?

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841

A. We can check that for you, yes.

MR. DENSTEDT: So we should get that on the

record as an undertaking given by Mr. Speller in

relation to the percentage of the watershed that's

been encroached on.

UNDERTAKING 9: MR. SPELLER TO PROVIDE THE

PERCENTAGE OF THE WATERSHED THAT HAS BEEN

ENCROACHED ON

Q. MS. BUSS: Now, Mr. Kovach, the

Joint Review Panel asked Shell to assess the

impacts of its Project on the ability of renewable

resources to meet the needs of present and future

generations. Is that correct?

A. MR. KOVACH: Are you referring to the

capacity of renewable resources?

Q. Yes.


Q. And that assessment didn't include assessing the

capacity of the Muskeg River basin to meet the

needs of present or future generations; is that

correct?

A. The Muskeg River basin wasn't specifically chosen

as a spatial area as part of the impact assessment.

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842

We provided two spatial areas -- sorry, study

areas. The first one was the Local Study Area, and

we've defined how we've chosen that, and we also

looked at a Regional Study Area. And we would be

happy to explain why we chose those as the --

Q. No, I understand that. I'm interested in the

watershed as a -- the components of the watershed

are interrelated to how the river functions in a

general way, is that correct, that the peatlands

and so on interact with the waterflow --


Q. -- which in turn interacts into what kind of plants

are supported and what kind of animals; correct?

A. Yes, that's correct. And that was considered in

the assessment when we looked at the watershed and

the waters going to the river.

Q. You mean when you're assessing the aquatic

resources component here of your Project; is that

correct?

A. Yes, when we look at the aquatic resources

assessment, we look at what the watershed, the

current land use is and what the make-up of the

lands, where is there uplands, where are the

wetlands, how do they receive precipitation, how

does that runoff. And then we also look at the

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843

closed landscape in the far future, so when there's

more uplands in the area and how do they function

and how does the precipitation land and go to the

river, and deal with flows. So that's accounted

for in that regard.

Q. And again that relates to the specific components

of the functions?


Q. Now, let's look at the Muskeg Basin Management

Framework. And just to step back for a moment.

I'm assuming you're aware that at both the Jackpine

Mine Expansion and the Kearl, sorry, the Jackpine

Mine No. 1 ERCB and Joint Review Panel decision and

the Kearl decisions, in both cases the Panel

recommended that Alberta Environment facilitate

CEMA coming up with a management plan or prepare

one itself. Right? That's uncontroversial fact?

A. MR. KOVACH: That's correct.

Q. And eventually Alberta Environment did produce an

Interim Framework for Water Quality and Quantity in

June of 2008; correct?

A. That is correct.

Q. So I've handed out a letter dated August 3rd, 2010

from Ms. Flint of the Government of Alberta to Rick

Courtney, cc.'d to various parties, with respect to

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844

the Muskeg River Interim Management Framework and

then a copy of the Framework; correct?


MS. BUSS: Maybe we could just take this

moment to mark that as an exhibit. I propose,

Mr. Chairman, that we mark it as one exhibit with

the letter that goes with the Framework, Muskeg

River Management Framework.

THE CHAIRMAN: Is it 23? 017-23.

EXHIBIT 017-023: LETTER DATED AUGUST 3RD, 2010

FROM MS. FLINT OF THE GOVERNMENT OF ALBERTA TO RICK

COURTNEY, CC.'D TO VARIOUS PARTIES, WITH RESPECT TO

THE MUSKEG RIVER INTERIM MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK AND

ALSO A COPY OF THE FRAMEWORK

MS. BUSS: Yes, thank you.

Q. Now, if we look at page 16, Section 3.1 of that

document.

MR. DENSTEDT: Mr. Chairman, the letter that

we got doesn't appear to be related to the actual

document. Looks like it's related to monitoring

program results.

MS. BUSS: If you look at the second

paragraph, we'll get there.

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845

I think we're fine on that, Mr. Chairman.

We're going to get to the letter in due course.

Q. So we are on page 16, Section 3.1.

A. We have it.

Q. He agreed generally that the scope of this, first

paragraph in 3.1, of this plan was limited to

air -- sorry, that:

"The framework, initially

focused on water quality and

quantity, will be in place until

the end of 2009."

A. Yes, that is -- that is correct.

Q. And we also see in the next paragraph, it says

that:

"Alberta Environment

acknowledges that other terrestrial

and land use components are

important for the integrity of the

watershed. These components, as

well as economic and

social/cultural considerations,

will be addressed in the

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846

comprehensive management plan for

the Muskeg River Watershed."

That's what it says?

A. Yes, I would agree. And I think if you go to

page 58, it provides a good explanation of what

Alberta Environment was thinking.

Q. Okay.

A. In a response. And maybe it would be helpful if I

read it. It says:

"[Alberta Environment]

acknowledges the above issues and

concerns. However, most of these

concerns are beyond the scope and

limits of the Interim Management

Framework."

And that's speaking to the short-term nature

and whether or not existing projects could comply

with it.

It goes on to say:

"The management objectives of

the Interim Management Framework

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847

are intended to be in place until

the end of 2009. Thus, the Interim

Management Framework is a

contingent plan (backstop).

Alberta Environment believes that

the proposed management objectives

are appropriate and achievable

during the interim framework, while

most of the developments are in

their early stages."

Q. Thank you, Mr. Kovach. Now, my question is related

to the fact that this Interim Management Plan is

still in place; is that correct?


Q. And the letter that I handed out with the Framework

dated August 3, 2010, in the second paragraph, it

says that Alberta Environment is extending the

existing Interim Management Framework for the

Muskeg River. Does that accord with your

experience?

A. Yes. My understanding with talking with

Mr. Courtney is that the Government of Alberta felt

that development in the watershed had not increased

to the extent where they felt they needed to put in

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848

place a comprehensive plan yet.

Q. For whatever reason, they haven't done it yet. And

no final plan has been made; is that correct?

A. Like I suggested, my understanding was is that

again it was due to the nature of the development

in the watershed thus far, and it didn't require

that a comprehensive plan be put in place yet.

Q. Well, there was a time plan, a timeframe for when

this comprehensive plan was going to be in place in

the framework; correct?

A. Yes, there was. As you mentioned, it was 2009.

Q. And at page 47, Alberta Environment makes some

recommendations, including number 4, do you see

that, "water quality parameters"?

A. Yes, I see that.

Q. It says:

"The Interim Management

Framework focused mainly on water

quality parameters that have been

previously detected in the river.

However, it had been recommended

that additional parameters, such as

naphthenic acids and PAH's be

included in the comprehensive

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849

plan."

So we don't have those parameters included

yet, is that correct?

A. No, we do not have those in the plan yet, but we

did look at those as part of our Environmental

Impact Assessment and we're happy to share those

results.

Q. Now, one thing that hasn't changed is the Project's

plan for the basin at page 8, table 2.1. Can you

confirm that all of the oil sands projects that are

listed at page 8 --

A. Just one moment. I'll have the appropriate person

talk to that.

So you were asking can we confirm if all

these projects are approved and on time? Is

that -- I'm sorry, did I understand correctly?

Q. My question was all of the oil sands projects

listed in this table still are approved and

planned?

A. That is correct, they are approved, some of them

have been delayed, but they are approved. Birch

Mountain Resources maybe is one where I'm not sure

if that would still be going forward.

Q. That was why I limited my questions to oil sands

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850

projects because I thought you would know about

that.

A. Sorry, my apologies.

Q. Now, would you agree with the statement in this

report that "aquatic health is really the litmus

test for monitoring impacts"?

A. I'm sorry, could you give me a reference, please?

Q. Page 20. See "Aquatic Health" at the bullet point

on the top of the page? It says:

"Aquatic health is more

difficult to monitor and assess

than water quantity and quality,

but provides a litmus test for how

well quantity and quality are being

managed."

A. Yes, I would agree with that statement.

Q. And this Interim Plan doesn't contain any

components for aquatic health; correct?

A. Not directly, but, again, it's trying to deal with

aquatic health through two main components, water

quantity and water quality.

Q. And at page 21, we see that it's established an

interim threshold for water levels in the Muskeg

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851

River, sorry, water quality, and second paragraph,

it uses 20 percent deviation from mean and peak

values as the target for water quality?

A. Yes, I see that.

Q. And is that an arbitrary number? There's no

reference in this document to how that number was

determined.

A. Our understanding is we don't understand it. It

could be arbitrary. We weren't part of that

discussion.

Q. And the water in-stream flow recommended for the

Muskeg River, that's at Section 4.4.1, was a

minimum of 85 percent of instantaneous flow. And

basically what it does is equates with what they

call the "red threshold". It basically equates

with a Q95 streamflow. That's a 7Q10 number;

correct?

A. Excuse me for one second.

Ms. Buss, would you mind repeating that

question, please? We want to make sure we

understood exactly what you were saying.

Q. I just want you to confirm that this reference in

the second paragraph of 4.4.1 where it says that

"the red threshold is approximately (sic) the Q95

streamflow." What it's saying is that the red

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852

level or the level of which you shouldn't go below

is equivalent to the 7Q10 number of 95 percent.

A. No, that is not correct. And maybe I'll have

Dr. Biftu speak to that.

Q. Can you explain what the Q95 number means?

A. MR. BIFTU: So the Q95 is if you take the

whole data series, it is the flow that can be

exerted 95 percent of the time.

Q. So when you get to 5 percent is the red threshold

then?

A. So what it means is 5 percent of the flows of based

on the recorded data has to be lower than that,

yeah.

Q. All right. Thank you.

Now, when I looked at page 31, Section 5.1.2,

there's a specific reference to this Project. This

is under the heading "Muskeg River Water

Quality (sic) Objectives"?

A. MR. KOVACH: Page 31, Muskeg River Water

Quantity Objectives?

Q. Sorry, quantity. Section 5.1.2.

A. Okay.

Q. It says on the fifth bullet point:

"Ensure no physical diversion

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853

or re-routing of the mainstem of

the Muskeg River while the Interim

Management Framework is in place."

And then it says:

"However, AENV acknowledges

that very late in the process of

developing this interim framework,

Shell Canada submitted an

application for approval of the

Jackpine Mine Expansion. This

application includes a proposal to

mine the upper reaches of the

mainstem of the Muskeg River. The

interim framework has not attempted

directly to deal with this proposal

at this time. AENV recommends that

the decision on this application be

guided by the public interest,

considering economic, social, and

environmental studies (sic)."

I'm sure that you're very familiar with that;

correct?

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854

A. Yes, we're familiar with that, and that's why we

did all the studies on the Muskeg River to inform

this decision, include it in our Application and

our Draft No Net Loss Plan, which we've described

in ...

Q. Would it be a fair summary to say what happened

here was that the past Joint Review Panels for all

of the previous projects in the basin recommended

that this management plan be expedited or at least

completed so that it could guide decision-making

and now what's happened is Alberta Environment has

flipped it back to the ERCB and Joint Review Panel

and said, this is a public-interest

decision-making, and doesn't provide guidance with

respect to it. Would that be a fair summary?

A. I don't think I can speak to why this has happened

like it is. I'm sorry. I'm not sure why Alberta

Environment did this.

Q. Would you agree that the net result is that this

Framework is equivocal as to how it applies to your

Project?

A. I'm sorry, could you rephrase that. Simpler words.

Q. I'm worried I might make a Freudian slip if I do

that. So we would say at best, it's not clear how

the management objectives of this framework are

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855

supposed to apply to your Project; is that fair?

A. I think what I think is fair is what the Alberta

Environment's trying to do is make sure that the

integrity of the Muskeg River is maintained. And

looking at their Interim Framework, that is

particularly driven towards water quantity and

quality effects. So they've put in place a plan

that, for the current time, they feel is going to

be protective of the watershed. They recognize

that there are plans for more development in the

watershed and that's why they've noted there's a

comprehensive plan that needs to be developed that

has to take into account development as well as

social and environmental repercussions of that.

What we have here is the tipping point --

Q. I think that's probably --

A. -- I'll just finish. I think what we have is the

point now where we have to start asking, "does more

work need to be done," and that's why Shell in its

submission has provided a lot of evidence why we

believe that the lower reaches, which are

important, can be maintained, that they can be

protected, yet we can still divert a portion of the

river further upstream.

Q. I have a question about your days of storage, how

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856

many days of storage you have from the Athabasca

River. Shell's proposal is, for the expansion,

30 days of storage only; is that correct?

A. Yes, this is probably a good place to provide

clarification. Shell put in 30 days of storage as

a place holder when we first put in to get the

Application together. Shell's commitment is to

comply with the Water Management Framework for the

Lower Athabasca River as amended. So what that

means to us is, we'll comply with the Framework

that's in place today, And when the Phase 2

Framework is put into place, we'll develop our

plans based on that once we have more certainty

over what that plan looks like and, again, how they

want to do that amongst operators in the region.

Q. You're hoping to get approval from Alberta

Environment this year for an additional 80,000

cubic metres withdrawal from the Athabasca River;

is that correct?

A. I'm sorry, I'm not familiar with that. Can you be

more specific?

Q. Your water licence application is for an additional

80,000 cubic metres withdrawal from the Athabasca

River?

A. Yeah, the Application for the Jackpine Mine

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857

Expansion Project is requesting an additional

18 million cubic metres per year that would be

applied to Stage 2 of our existing Jackpine Mine -

Phase I licence, which is at 35.3 million cubic

metres per year.

Q. And can Shell commit to providing at least 90 days

of storage?

A. Again, what Shell's committed to is making sure we

comply with the Framework, which we believe will be

protective of the Athabasca River.

Q. Do you believe that will require 90 days of storage

or will it require more?

A. We do not know at this time. What we do know is

that we have to be adaptive to what the Framework

suggests.

Q. Are you able to shut down your water intake

entirely for the Jackpine Mine?

A. MR. ROBERTS: Yes, we are periodically from

time to time. We prefer not to in the wintertime

so that we don't freeze up our equipment and have

ice plugs and the like. We like to maintain a

minimum flow in the winter, so that, of, I believe

we've requested 0.2 cubic metres per second under

winter conditions to ensure that the pipeline does

not freeze.

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858

Q. I was looking at your tables and I'm wondering if

you could undertake to confirm in a 7Q10, assuming

a 7Q10 flow of 100 I guess it would be million

cubic metres per second, what percentage of the

river will be drawn down by Jackpine Mine and

additionally by the Jackpine Mine Expansion?

A. MR. KOVACH: Sorry about that. I had to

find that. So my understanding is the 7Q10 flow

for the Athabasca River is 100 cubic metres per

second.

Q. Yes.

A. So I can't -- you have to forgive me, I'd have to

look back on the Phase I Framework. But I know on

the Phase 2 recommendation, they are suggesting at

100 cubic metres per second, I'm sorry, it's a

graph that's tough to read. Basically I'll tell

you one thing and then we can try and extrapolate

what it is for 100 cubic metres per second.

Below 87 cubic metres per second flow, which

is a little lower than that, industry has agreed to

take 4.4 cubic metres per second. Above that, it's

on a chart. It all depends on what the exact flow

rate is, but I'll just try and eyeball it. It

looks like it might be around 10 cubic metres per

second, so it would be one-tenth of that.

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859

Q. And Shell would be what portion of that withdrawal

with Jackpine Mine Expansion?

A. Yeah, in accordance with the Phase 2

recommendation, if it was to go through, Shell

committed to 0.2 cubic metres per second.

Q. And that Phase 2 is not approved yet; is that

correct?

A. No, that is correct. It's with DFO and Alberta

Environment Sustainable Resource Development and,

again, once we understand how they want to protect

the river, we'll adjust our plans accordingly.

MS. BUSS: I have some questions on

socio-economic issues, so I think we'll be able to

wrap up by 12:30, Mr. Chairman, on this section,

and then move to terrestrial questions. Would that

be agreeable?

THE CHAIRMAN: Sounds good.

Q. MS. BUSS: Okay, I would like to turn

you to, turn the Panel and the witness panel to

Exhibit 001-051S, as in "Sam". This is the May

2012 Supplemental Information, and particularly

Appendix 6, which is a Response to the Panel's

Question 32, SIR32. And it's a report about

socio-economic impacts of the Jackpine Mine for

specific Aboriginal communities. I'm not

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860

interested, actually, in the -- I won't be asking

you questions about the Aboriginal communities, but

it contains some of the most recent information in

your Application about socio-economic trends in

general.

I can provide the reference to this, but is

the author of this report from Nichols Management

here?

A. MR. SCHAAF: Yes, I am. David

Schaaf.

Q. You are predicting a Jackpine Mine Expansion would

be responsible for 7.5 percent approximately of the

growth in the region over the next 10 years?

A. Could you refer me to a specific page, please.

Q. You refer to it throughout the document, but it

does occur on page 22.

A. I see that on page 19.

Q. Yes, so you agree that's Nichols Management

prediction of --

A. Yes.

Q. -- JPME's portion of population growth in the next

10 years?

A. Yes, it is.

Q. And I'm interested now in Section 4.4.1.3 as a

heading "Non Market Housing."

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861

A. Yes, I see that.

Q. It says:

"Fort McMurray is home to the

largest contingent of Aboriginal

persons in the region."

And then is says Fort McMurray has a high

cost of detached house sale prices: In 2001, was

$735,000, while a one-bedroom rent averages $1700,

et cetera. And it says:

"High housing costs affect

the entire population, but for

Aboriginal residents, who tend to

have lower income levels, the

effect is felt more acutely."

Now, would you agree that the effect of high

housing prices is felt more acutely by all lower

income persons in Fort McMurray?

A. Yes, I would agree with that.

Q. And population is a driver of this trend of

increased, increasing rent and housing costs?

A. Population drives the demand for housing. But

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862

there is a supply side to the equation that has to

be considered when we're looking at the cost of

housing in Fort McMurray.

Q. Yes, but there is in all of the social indicators

that you have in this report -- well, I shouldn't

say all, but for housing and for additional

facilities such as education and community

services, infrastructure, all of that is really

associated with population increases; is that fair?

A. Again, demand for those infrastructure services,

yes.

Q. Can you also estimate --

A. Sorry, could I just point one thing out.

When you began the questioning, you mentioned

that SIR32 represented the most recent information

available with respect to the socio-economics on

the Project.

Q. Yes.

A. As part of the May 2012 submission, there was also

an Updated Planned Development Case that was done.

Q. Yes, I saw that.

A. Okay, and there is to that Updated Planned

Development Case there is an Attachment A which

provides information on current socio-economic

issues and responses for the region.

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863

Q. All right, thank you for that reference.

A. So just helpful for the Board.

Q. Now, you also say in this report that housing

prices in Fort McMurray are the highest in Alberta?

A. Yes, they are.

Q. Now, I noticed in the Regional Municipality of Wood

Buffalo submission in these proceedings, they say

that: "Housing prices in Fort McMurray are the

highest in Canada by a wide margin with the

exception of Vancouver." Does that accord with

your information?

A. I believe that's accurate, yes.

Q. And the same applies to the rental market?

A. Yes, I believe so.

Q. In the report that we're looking at, answer to

SIR32, and Section 4.5.2.2, PDF page 54, I think

you're referring to, in that section, to

educational facilities. You say that:

"Population growth ... will

increase demand for education,

[other community] infrastructure

and services ... requiring

additional facilities, programming,

and staffing."

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864

And would that apply to other types of social

programming and infrastructure other than

education?

A. Yes, it would. And, again, I would just sort of

refer back to that Updated Planned Development

Case, and the attachment to it, which provides

information on some of these issues to which you

are alluding as well as responses by both public

and private sector agencies in addressing some of

those issues.

Q. Yes. Now, in Section 4.1.1 of the same report

we're looking at, PDF page 21.

A. 4.1.1 did you say?

Q. Yes. It provides a nice summary of the

socio-economic impacts of population growth in Fort

McMurray.

A. Yes, I'm looking at that section.

Q. And those two are:

"One, a rising cost of

living, driven especially by

housing costs; and, two, increased

competition for ... services ...

and infrastructure as a result of

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865

recent growth."

Do those factors apply to both Aboriginal and

non-Aboriginal persons?

A. They would apply to residents of the region as a

whole.

Q. I want to go to something else here. There's a

Hazard Assessment that includes an assessment of

accidents and malfunctions, which was in a May 2011

submission. And it's Exhibit 001-015A. And it's

PDF page 66.

A. Sorry, can you repeat the reference?

Q. Which part of it?

A. Which submission?

Q. It's the May 2011. I don't know if this is a

question for you. Whoever prepared this

assessment. So that's Exhibit 001-015A, PDF

page 66. Are you able to find it? Because I might

be able to find more information about that

reference. Sorry, it should be 015. I might have

misspoken. Yes, that's what I have, 015A. It's

Section 3.2.6, and particularly 3.2.6.1. Do you

have that reference?

A. MR. SPELLER: We do. Some of us do. It is

page 61 of the May 2011 submission, PDF page 66.

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866

Q. All right. So who prepared this?

A. MR. BROADHURST: So we can have Mr. Roberts

speak to this.

Q. Now, Section 3.2.6.1, it says that (as read):

"The Project will increase

traffic particularly on Highway 63

from buses, vehicles, transport

trucks carrying heavy equipment,

and transport trucks carrying

hazardous goods."

Can you tell me where the origin of the transport

trucks will be that are going to the Jackpine Mine

Expansion?

A. MR. ROBERTS: So I can't tell you

specifically at this point in time. But in general

they will be coming from Highway 63 from either

Fort McMurray or from the Edmonton region.

Q. And the ones from Fort McMurray will be originating

by the industrial park somewhere by the, I think

there's some by the airport and some just north of

town?

A. Yeah, the evolution of the industrial park is on

Highway 63 north, so, you know, depending on which

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867

vendor that we're working with or which supplier,

it could either be from the Gregoire Park area or

from the northern industrial park. There's also a

significant industrial park, the Fort McKay

industrial park, on the east side of the Athabasca

River north of the bridge where a number of our

major equipment suppliers have their shops and

warehouses, which significantly cuts down on

traffic from McMurray to our site.

Q. Is there an assessment in your materials that shows

the number of transport trucks that will be

carrying wide loads or hazardous goods that you

expect during construction?

A. Just bear with us a moment.

Q. My question was the number.

A. Of wide loads?

Q. And the number of loads carrying hazardous goods.

A. Okay, we don't have that information. We've got

some general --

Q. Comments, yeah, I saw that. I just want to know if

there's actual numbers.

A. Okay.

Q. You also refer to increased traffic from passenger

busses and passenger vehicles. Does that also mean

that we don't have a transport study showing us the

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868

numbers of vehicles estimated?

A. MR. SCHAAF: I get to sit in the big

chair. This is quite a promotion.

I will refer you and perhaps you have seen

it, I'm not sure, but to SIR27A, from, again these

would be I believe it's from December 2009. We did

provide an estimate of traffic for the Project

during the construction period in the range of 470

to 575 AADTs which is average annual daily traffic.

Then in response to 27B from the regulator, we also

provided a general estimate with respect to private

vehicles, trucks and buses as a percentage of that

AADT estimate.

Q. And in your Hazard Assessment, Shell says that

"this traffic," the four types that I mentioned,

"will increase risk of injuries and fatalities from

accidents or spills for anyone using Highway 63";

is that correct?

A. MR. ROBERTS: Is that on page 62?

Q. It might be on the next page. I'm afraid I didn't

print it out. Okay, well, let's just look on the

first paragraph on 3.2.6.1, it says in the middle

of the paragraph (as read):

"An accident could occur that

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869

involves passenger vehicles, buses

carrying site personnel, transport

trucks carrying heavy equipment

and/or hazardous goods. The

potential exists that people may be

seriously injured in a traffic

accident and/or an environmental

spill may occur should a transport

truck be involved."

So I think that's --

A. MR. ROBERTS: I think what we're

suggesting --

Q. -- those hazards are associated with the transport

that you're, the vehicles that you've identified;

correct?

A. So those hazards exist today and they would

increase proportionally as the traffic on the

highway increases. We are attempting to mitigate

those through transportation of workers in through

the aerodrome as well as utilizing the Fort McKay

industrial park on the east side of the Athabasca

north of the bridge.

Q. I understand that. The aerodrome would be used

primarily during construction for the transport of

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870

workers; is that correct?

A. Yes, primarily.

Q. And what percentage of the 4,400 workers will be

exclusively using the airport at Shell to come to

the site and to leave the site? Sorry, Shell's

aerodrome.

A. So subject to check, an estimate would be that

90 percent of the construction workforce would use

the aerodrome.

Q. Yes. I saw that. But what is the number who will

be exclusively using the aerodrome?

A. Exclusive? Could you help me with that.

Q. Well, the percentage who will not be making any

trips into Fort McMurray or driving or the number

of contractors, consultants, engineers that will

not be driving on the highway?

A. It will be about 90 percent that will be,

approximately 90 percent that will be using the

aerodrome for transport in and out during

construction.

Q. Yes, but your information doesn't say that they'll

be using it all of the time for every trip.

A. Right, so from personal experience, the

hour-and-some-odd drive-in, there isn't a whole lot

of traffic that those folks fly into the Albian

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871

Village, going into town, they don't have personal

vehicles at the camp, most of them, and there is

periodic bus service that takes them in. Most

don't with the long hours that they are working.

Q. Do you have statistics on that?

A. Pardon me?

Q. Do you monitor that and keep statistics on that?

A. We don't actively, but we could probably, based on

the amount of bus traffic that occurs right now,

those individuals use the shuttle buses to go back

and forth, we can come up with an estimate.

Q. Now, some workers will be flying into the Fort

McMurray airport; is that correct?

A. Typically what we've been doing is the aerodrome

handles a significant number of flights. In fact

at this point in time, it's managing some Shell

flights as well as Kearl flights. So we don't

anticipate flying folks in through, or construction

workers in through the Fort McMurray airport.

Q. But some of them will arrive through the Fort

McMurray airport; correct?

A. I can imagine that there'll be consultants that

come on a periodic basis might do that. We tend to

offer them seats on our jet.

Q. And you are also going to have consultants and

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872

workers who drive from the south, right, from

Edmonton and points south?

A. We discourage that.

Q. But they do do it; correct?

A. There are a few.

Q. How many?

A. I don't know that number.

Q. Do you have counts on that? You don't know that?

A. It's most likely in the range of 10 percent would

be from Fort McMurray and would be from the

Edmonton, Calgary or B.C.

Q. And a certain percentage of your workforce is going

to be from Fort McMurray; correct?

A. That's correct.

Q. Now, how many flights a day are arriving in the

aerodrome at Shell?

A. So I can speak for ours. We fly in, in and out

once a day, in once, out once, Monday through

Thursday.

Q. And how big is that jet?

A. It's about 70 seats.

Q. And for Jackpine Mine Expansion you're going to

bring in all of these 4,400 workers in and out on

that one plane?

A. They typically come in on leased 737s.

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873

Q. And how many flights a day are there going to be of

737s arriving at Shell's aerodrome?

A. We can undertake to have our logistics folks

provide a more accurate number.

Q. And with that, is there jets the size of a 737 that

are also using your airstrip by Kearl?

A. Pardon me?

Q. Does Imperial Oil also use your airstrip?

A. They are currently using it through their

construction phase.

Q. Do they land 737s or planes of a similar magnitude

there?

A. Yes.

Q. And will Jackpine Mine Expansion increase the

number of planes of any size that land at that

aerodrome?

A. Increase the number?

Q. Yes.

A. It will be comparable to what we handled during the

building of the original Jackpine Mine - Phase I

first train.

Q. To be moving in and out 4,000 workers?

A. That's a peak.

Q. Okay, so how many flights would you have a week or

a day to bring those in and out?

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874

A. So I don't have the number. And I sense that

you're looking for a number, so we'll have to check

with our logistics folks who arrange for air

traffic.

Q. Just interesting that I don't remember seeing in

your assessment of the air impacts of the Expansion

any accounting for the emissions from the jets. Is

it in there somewhere in your assessment of air

pollution?

A. MR. SPELLER: We considered the emissions

from the jets, but found them to be negligible

compared to the other emissions in the region. We

did include them in the noise assessment in

Appendix 3-11.

MS. BUSS: Mr. Denstedt wanted to

confirm an undertaking.

MR. DENSTEDT: Yes, I think there's an

undertaking given by Mr. Roberts to determine the

number of daily or weekly flights during the

Expansion construction phase.

UNDERTAKING 10: MR. ROBERTS TO DETERMINE THE

NUMBER OF DAILY OR WEEKLY FLIGHTS DURING THE

EXPANSION CONSTRUCTION PHASE AND THE SIZE OF THE

PLANES AND HOW MANY PASSENGERS THEY WILL BE

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875

BRINGING IN AND OUT

MS. BUSS: The number of flights and the

size of the planes, like how many passengers

they'll be bringing in and out.

Q. All right. And are all of your workers going to

be -- well, I guess, are 90 percent of your workers

going to be housed in camp? And where would that

be located?

A. MS. JEFFERSON: The construction labour force

will be housed in the camp, is the plan.

Q. And are you going to monitor and report how many

actually use the camp facilities?

A. So we do monitor, we have closely who is in the

camp and so we have those numbers for existing

operations and through construction, so.

Q. Okay.

MS. BUSS: I've gone over time.

Q. Can you just confirm finally, Mr. Schaff, that it

is expected that the population in 2010 will

increase to 174,000 in Fort McMurray?

A. MR. SCHAAF: No, I can't. 2010 passed.

What year are you looking at?

Q. I'm sorry, 2020.

A. Can you give me a reference?

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876

Q. In the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo, their

population model is projecting 174,000. Is that

about right?

A. In year 2020?

Q. Yes.

A. Yes, that is the prediction they've used in their

Municipal Development Plan. I believe it involves

both the Urban Service Area of the rural

communities as well as the Project accommodation

which is the camps in the region. That's their

projection for planning purposes.

MS. BUSS: All right. I apologize, I

went an extra 10 minutes.

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you, Ms. Buss. So I

have 12:35, so we'll take an hour.

Just a reminder to visit with Mr. Perkins

before you leave.

(The luncheon adjournment)

(12:35 p.m. to 1:35 p.m.)

THE CHAIRMAN: Good afternoon, everyone.

Mr. Duncanson.

MR. DUNCANSON: Good afternoon, Mr. Chairman.

Just a couple of the undertakings from this morning

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877

that the panel is able to discharge at this time.

SHELL UNDERTAKINGS AND RECORD CORRECTIONS SPOKEN TO, BY

MR. DUNCANSON:

MR. DUNCANSON: The first one relates to the

percentage of Muskeg River watershed that is

disturbed at present. And I believe that that's

something that the panels prepared to speak to.

A. MR. SPELLER: In Volume 4B of the EIA,

Appendix 4-7, table 5.1-8, page 486, the disturbed

close-circuited area in the Muskeg River watershed

is predicted to be around 600 hectares or

40 percent.

MR. DUNCANSON: Thank you, Mr. Speller. The

second undertaking from this morning that the panel

can speak to at this time is the last one from the

morning relating to the number of planes that are

currently landing on a daily or weekly basis at the

Shell aerodrome. I believe Mr. Roberts can speak

to that.

A. MR. ROBERTS: Yes, so, I don't think it's

what we currently are landing, I think it's what

would be expected to be landing during

construction. And I can confirm that during the

peak of the construction period that we had, we had

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878

16 landings per week, so we were in between two and

three a day, depending on which day of the week.

Those aircraft were: An Embraer, which is an

88-seater; Dornier, which is a 42-seater; 737s

configured for 215 seats; and a 727 configured for

189 seats. With approximately 2,000 passenger

movements per week.

MR. DUNCANSON: Thank you, Mr. Roberts. And

I believe that the panel also has some

clarifications that they would like to make from

their testimony this morning.

A. MR. BROADHURST: Yes, Mr. Chairman, we've got

two corrections we would like to make. I will do

the first and then I will pass over to Mr. Kovach

to do the second.

The first relates to the discussion that we

were having with Ms. Buss around oil sands

production and the projections for the future. We

were asked whether we thought the numbers were

about right and we thought that they were. We did

go back and check, and the numbers were quite a bit

higher than what is projected by CAPP. We looked

at the CAPP database. It may have been that

Ms. Buss was giving us numbers that included both

in situ and mining.

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879

But to be clear, for the mining numbers from

the CAPP site, the numbers projected are, well,

2011 is an actual at 0.89 million barrels per day.

2015 projected at 1.21 million barrels per day.

2020 at 1.52. And 2025 at 1.93.

So we just wanted to provide that

perspective.

A. MR. KOVACH: Mr. Chairman, I'd also like

to draw your attention to line 116 of the

transcript where we were talking about the Muskeg

River Integrity Framework and the decision before

the Panel on this Project and diversion.

I used an inappropriate characterization of

what "we have here is a 'tipping' point." What I

meant to say was a "decision" point. Just wanted

to make that clarification.

MR. DUNCANSON: We have no further

clarifications.

THE CHAIRMAN: We had 001-077 and 001-078

left for us. I take it there's no need to speak to

those or you hadn't planned to?

MR. DUNCANSON: Sorry, sir, those were the

undertakings that I spoke to first thing this

morning.


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880

Ms. Gorrie?


COALITION, BY MS. GORRIE:

MS. GORRIE: I'm going to be asking some

questions on two areas, the terrestrial resources

and then also a little bit on greenhouse gas

emissions.

Q. So I would just like to start with some general

questions, I think it would be for Mr. Speller, in

regard to EIAs generally.

So how many EIAs has Golder prepared in the

Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo?

A. MR. SPELLER: Oh, gosh. I don't have an

exact number, but it's safe to say 20-plus.

Q. 20-plus. And how many were you involved with?

A. Oh, between myself and members of this team, I'd

say we've been involved with 75 to 90 percent of

them.

Q. Now, has Golder concluded that any of those

projects would cause significant adverse effects on

terrestrial resources, for any of those EIAs?

A. Could you clarify, are you talking in terms of

project effects or cumulative effects?

Q. I would say both.

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881

A. So in the September submission that we made as part

of the September 2012, there were cumulative

effects identified as being significant. In

general in the EIAs we've done in the region, we

don't typically provide a significance assessment.

Past EIAs have looked at discussions of effects in

terms of environmental consequence, and then left

it to the Joint Review Panel to make decisions in

terms of significance. So I want to make that

clarification.

But in terms of having high environmental

consequences on terrestrial resources, I would say

that appears in a number of our assessments.

Q. So if I hear you correctly, you apply the

environmental consequence rating and you hang

(phonetic) them up with magnitude effects, but in

terms of determining whether the effects are going

to be significant, you don't speak to that in those

EIAs, you leave that for the Panel's determination?

A. Often we don't, but this one we did do a

significance determination.

Q. And that's the only one you've ever done that for?

A. In the oil sands region, yes.

Q. In the oil sands region. Thank you.

And so I'd like to ask a few questions about

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882

the threshold that Shell employs to determine

significant adverse effects, and obviously this is

in reference to terrestrial resources specifically?

A. Yes, and a number of my colleagues behind me will

be helping me.

Q. Sure. And I'm not sure who will be the best one

but --

A. We'll help you out.

Q. -- I'll ask the question. Great.

So Shell's assessment of whether an effect

will be significant involves applying a rating

system to each effect based on the following

criteria: Direction, magnitude, geographical

extent, duration, reversibility, and frequency of

the effect; is that correct?

A. Yes, that's correct, we take those from CEAA

guidance as to how to look at environmental effects

and significance.

Q. And then you end up with a rating of either

negligible, low, moderate or high?

A. That's correct.

Q. Right, okay.

Now, after you have this rating, the

ecological context or state of the environment is

considered in order to determine whether there's

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883

actually a significant adverse effect?

A. That's what we did in this Assessment, that's

correct.

Q. All right. So I just have a few questions for you

about the ecological context in this case for this

Project.

So what objective analysis did you employ to

assess the ecological context for this Project?

A. DR. JALKOTZY: So you asked about the

objective measures that we used to determine

significance.

Q. To assess the ecological context, yes.

A. Yes, the ecological context, what we're using is

we'll use a variety of pieces of information.

Certainly we'll use the environmental consequences.

And then from the perspective of ecological

context, we also then look at population

trajectories that are known. In some cases we go

to the amount of habitat that may be affected and

remaining.

We really try to use the best available

knowledge that we have and we start sort of in the

vicinity of the study area, if we have those data,

or if those data aren't available in the immediate

vicinity, then we start casting a wider search for

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884

data that will help us try to determine whether or

not the -- well, try to put some context on the

ecological conditions of a particular indicator.

Q. So you mentioned population trajectory and habitat,

and that's data that's different than what was

already included in the environmental consequence

rating?

A. Well, in the habitat end of it can be what was

already included in the environmental consequence

rating, but that would be the, tends to be one of

the last places that we go if we really don't have

a lot of other data.

I should also add that we're looking at the

kinds -- if we are, let's say, looking at a

particular species that's declining in a general

trend, let's say in Canada or in Alberta, we're

also looking at the reasons for that decline,

taking into account that ecological context.

Q. Okay, thank you.

Now my friend on I believe it was Tuesday, he

provided a map of the oil sands region and it was

marked I believe as Exhibit 011-014. I'm not going

to take you to that now. But you agree you

remember that he provided a map along those lines?

A. MR. SPELLER: I remember them providing

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885

that map, yes.

Q. Now, to follow up on that, on what's provided on

that map, you're familiar with the Dover Commercial

Oil Sands Project, are you not?

A. DR. JALKOTZY: Yes, I am.

Q. You are, okay.

A. Are you going to go to the paper that you gave us?

Q. You're right on there, yes.

A. All right, so before you do that, I'd like to bring

up an issue, and I'm glad this was brought forward.

Mr. Chairman, we've identified an errata in the

moose population viability assessment modelling

conducted for this Application. I mean, it came up

because of looking at the paper that was given to

us by OSEC.

What's happened is that we've used a CAPP

survival number that was used in the original EIA

for Shell, whereas in the Dover EIA, we've used an

updated CAPP survival number.

We regularly update these models and so when

we reran the models in 2012 for Shell, we made the

mistake of not updating that CAPP survival number.

And we'll undertake to provide an updated

population viability assessment for moose to

replace those that are in the 2012 submissions.

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886

Q. Okay, well, thank you for that. That wasn't

actually my question, but thank you, that's great.

A. Well.

Q. And it's an undertaking for today and when do you

anticipate being able to provide that number?

A. It looks to me like we'll be able to provide it by

Monday morning.

Q. By Monday?

A. Yes.

UNDERTAKING 11: DR. JALKOTZY TO PROVIDE AN

UPDATED POPULATION VIABILITY ASSESSMENT FOR MOOSE

TO REPLACE THOSE THAT ARE IN THE 2012 SUBMISSIONS

Q. So I have with me, and you have already referenced

that, the excerpt from the Dover EIA. I would just

like to provide copies, if I could. You've already

referenced the moose population and that is the

area that I am wanting to speak about with you

right now.

I'm looking at page 4-26 in the Dover EIA.

It's Volume 5.

A. Go ahead. I have it in front of me.

Q. So halfway down the paragraph, it states that:

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887

"... moose and woodland

caribou populations in the RSA are

currently in a state of decline."

Is that correct?

A. Sorry, is that the first paragraph under population

viability assessment?

Q. One second.

A. I think I see it. In the first paragraph.

Q. In the first paragraph, right in the middle there:

"This suggests that moose and

woodland populations in the RSA are

currently in a state of decline."

Correct?

A. Correct.

Q. And then you skip ahead a sentence and it starts:

"Unless these trends are

reversed, the moose and woodland

caribou populations in the RSA are

estimated in the PVA to decline to

be near extirpation after

30 years..."

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888

And it says in all three cases that they

assessed; is that correct?

A. That's correct.

Q. Now, I'd like to turn to, I'll get right back to

that, but I'd like to turn to another document that

OSEC provided in its October 1st submissions.

And sorry, I guess I should ask if I can mark

this Dover Commercial EIA as an exhibit, please.

MR. PERKINS: 17-024, sir.


EXHIBIT 017-24: DOVER APPLICATION EXCERPT

A. Sorry, could you give that again, please? We

missed it, the reference.

Q. MS. GORRIE: Oh, the next document? I

haven't provided it yet.

A. Oh.

Q. It's the LARP, well, Lower Athabasca Regional Plan,

ALCES III scenario modelling. And that would be

Exhibit 017-0160.

A. MR. SPELLER: Do you know which tab of your

October 1st submission that was?

Q. I don't have that in front of me. I have one extra

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889

copy for reference. I have one extra copy.

A. Can you show us the cover just to make sure we have

the right cover.

Q. My colleagues have informed me that it's Appendix L

as well, not that we need it now, but.

So now in that document, to give a general

background, this was prepared to assist with the

development of the Lower Athabasca Regional Plan.

And as set out in the Executive Summary, don't have

to go there but just to give context (as read):

"It's supposed to provide

simulation modelling to provide an

objective and quantitative

evaluation of alternative planning

options in the region."

And (as read):

"This sets out a baseline

scenario which means that it

assumes that the factors such as

current practice, footprint

intensity, public policies and

market forces remain unchanged from

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890

current conditions or current

trends."

So it's not considering increases in

development levels.

So turning to the actual document, if I could

ask you, please, sir, to turn to page 5. And it's

the big number 5. It's got two different numbering

systems, unfortunately. Do you have that

reference? It starts "growing industrial

footprint" is the start of the page.

A. DR. JALKOTZY: No, I'm not there.

Page 5, starts with "Impacts on Biodiversity." Oh,

yes, I have it now.

Q. On page 6. Like I said, the big number. So big

number page 5, little number page 4.

So in the first paragraph, about halfway

through, it says, "continued growth," it starts,

and it says (as read):

"Continued growth of linear

development such as roads,

pipelines and seismic lines will

leave few areas outside of

protected zones in the bitumen

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891

region that will be considered

ecologically intact."

Do you see that?

A. Yes, I do.

Q. And if I could ask you, please, just to turn to the

next page, the one that you were on previously.

And the second paragraph there it says (as read):

"All biodiversity indicators

were assessed to diverge from

natural conditions under the

baseline scenario with an average

departure from natural of over

50 percent."

Is that correct?

A. Yes, I see that.

Q. Okay, thank you very much.

So given this information, it would seem that

the ecological context in this case is an area that

is impacted by development; would you agree?

A. Can you restate that question. I don't understand.

Q. Well, we were talking about ecological context;

correct?

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892

A. Yes.

Q. Which is the status of the environment for the

area. And I'm asking you, based on the information

that has been provided, the oil sands map, the

Dover EIA information, and these statements here

talking about "few areas being ecologically intact

and the Natural Range of Variation being below

50 percent," wouldn't you agree that that indicates

that it's an area that is impacted by development?

A. I would certainly agree that it's impacted by

development, but if we're going back to the

discussion that we've had about ecological context,

we're looking at particular indicators, and then

for that, we need to be looking at information and

ecological context that refers directly to those

indicators.

Q. But isn't the ecological context about the state of

the environment the Project is going to occur,

where it's going to occur, and if you have an area

that has significant development, should that not

be considered as part of the ecological context?

In fact if they're not, I don't know what else

would be considered.

A. It can be, but it doesn't mean that individual

indicators are -- it doesn't give any particular

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893

information on the trend of particular indicators

that we're talking about.

Q. And the indicators such as biodiversity and a level

of intactness in an area, they are not considered

part of the -- they are not considered indicators

for the ecological context consideration?

A. Well, within the, within our Regional Study Area,

we certainly look at biodiversity. Earlier we were

talking about wildlife indicators that I was using

for examples when I was referring to -- in my

responses.

Q. I guess what I'm getting at is if you have an

environmental consequence rating high, of high, and

then you say, but then we need to apply this

ecological context factor on top of it, and the

ecological context is one where you have high

levels of development and information like

decreasing biodiversity and few levels being

intact, I guess I struggle to understand how

applying the ecological context to a high magnitude

effect rating then results at a different

determination that there's no significant adverse

effect.

A. Perhaps I could assist the Panel in understanding

this. There are different indicators that will

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894

have different trends associated with them. So if

we're looking at a particular bird species, let's

say, that's associated with a particular type of

habitat, the fact that the area is under

development and that is, as has been pointed out,

being affected to some degree by development, that

doesn't mean that that indicator is necessarily

declining. The two don't necessarily follow.

You can make statements in general that

biodiversity is affected, however, if we're looking

at significant adverse impacts on particular

indicators, I have to look at information that

provides information -- I have to look at

information that pertains to those particular

indicators.

And if you look -- another way to look at

this also is ABMI is doing work in the region. And

again, this has to do with some of the other

indicators that -- in the wildlife area, for

instance, birds, they are looking at the intactness

of the system. And although you've mentioned that

there is this decline in biodiversity in the area,

when you look at the ABMI values for intactness

that they are coming up for a number of bird

species in the oil sands, they are more or less in

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895

the 80-plus-percent intact still. So again it

depends on the indicator.

Q. I would actually disagree with that. I have a

document. I can pull it if we need to. But if

there's a map in the ABMI document that you're

referring to and it shows that it has the different

colour coding of when there's high intensity levels

and it's quite clear that the high intensity level

in terms of level of intactness where you match it

up with where there's development, it's not an

80 percent. It's an 80 percent in areas that do

not include oil sands development.

THE CHAIRMAN: Sorry, to interrupt. Could

you put that into a question.

MS. GORRIE: Sure, sorry. Maybe I'll put

that aside for now and if I have time I'll raise

the ABMI document with you and ask you questions

about it.

Q. So the final point on the ecological context issue.

You're talking about the particular indicators.

Where in any of the EIA materials do you talk about

the indicators and how you determine the ecological

context. You've told me in person, but I'm just

wondering where in the document is that explained?

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896

A. So in the September submission Section 2.3.3.2 is

entitled "Environmental Significance

Determination." And in there, we talk about

ecological significance -- or sorry, ecological

context.

Q. And what do you say there? You talk about the

different indicators?

A. One minute, please. So:

"Ecological context is also

considered explicitly in the

determination of significance for

wildlife by putting the effects of

landscape change in the context of

the resilience of regional wildlife

populations. Resilience refers to

the ability of ecological systems

to absorb disturbance and maintain

system integrity and function."

Q. So what evidence did you put forward that the

system is resilient in the EIAs?

A. Well, as I said earlier, I mean, it is something

that isn't a hard and fast rule that we go by.

What we're doing is we're looking at the best

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897

available information that we have, and taking a

look at that, and then making a, really it's a

professional judgment at that point because it's

not a quantitative exercise like modelling or

something like that.

Q. So it's a subjective assessment?

A. It's based on my professional judgment.

Q. Okay, thank you.

A. And of course that's backed up by the information

that I'm using, the empirical data that we're

gathering for a particular indicator.

Q. Now just to raise one question back to the ABMI

report. You mentioned the level of intactness.

That map and that document refers to current

conditions; correct?

A. Yes, I believe it does.

Q. Okay.

MR. DUNCANSON: Mr. Chairman, perhaps we

could just pull up that map so we can all follow

along.

MS. GORRIE: Sure. I wasn't actually

going to ask anymore questions about it. But if

you feel like you need to refer to it, I think

you've already answered the question.

Q. So it doesn't include future impact considerations;

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898

correct?

A. Sorry, say again?

Q. So the document doesn't consider future impact on

the region?

A. No, that's correct, it measures the number, the

abundance and distribution of, in particular, bird

species relevant to reference conditions today.

Q. And just for clarity for the record, we were just

referring to the ABMI report, which is

Exhibit 001-070B.

Now, back to the ratings system that we were

talking about. You applied the environmental

consequence rating at the LSA and the RSA level; is

that correct?

A. MR. SPELLER: Yes, that's correct.

Q. Okay, thank you. So when you determine whether

effects are significant, you were considering the

RSA level, not the LSA level; is that correct?

A. Yeah, that's correct. For the terrestrial

resources only. So you have to look, when you're

looking at the significance determination, how we

set our study area. So our Local Study Area is a

500-metre boundary on the direct effect area of the

Project, so it's focused very much on the footprint

of the Project. And we traditionally use it to be

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899

able to talk about the change in the predevelopment

footprint of the Project and then the reclamation

footprint. So you can see that after mining, when

reclamation has progressed and things are growing,

what the new landscape looks like at a local area.

So we're looking at the significance of

effects on a key indicator like, let's say I pick

Canada warbler, we don't think it's appropriate to

look at significance on that very narrow Local

Study Area. We think for ecological context, it's

more appropriate to look at the Regional Study Area

for those wide-ranging species.

Q. Okay. And has that approach been applied by any

previous oil sands Joint Review Panel that you're

aware of?

A. We know this was a discussion point in the Total

Decision Report, we're not aware of it being a

discussion point in other Joint Review Panels.

Q. Actually it was discussed in the Total Decision

Report. And do you recall it or would you like to

take a moment to pinpoint where in the document

they discussed it or do you just want me to ask the

question and see if you recollect?

A. Why don't you --

Q. I'll ask the question and you tell me if you need

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900

to go to it.

A. Thank you.

Q. My understanding is that what the Total Joslyn

Panel said is that it's unusual to use the RSA for

determining significance of effects and that the

LSA is normally used to assess the effects of a

Project. Does that sound about right to you?

A. Yes, that's my understanding as well. Again, as I

mentioned, when we would be looking at significance

in our aquatics assessment or our air quality

assessment or other aspects of our EIAs and the way

we set those Local Study Areas, I would agree we

would be looking at significance both locally and

regionally. In the way that we set our terrestrial

Local Study Area again with its focus on the

footprint itself, we wouldn't agree that we should

be looking at significance at a regional level.

Q. And that's a decision that Shell made or Golder

made based on what information, like what analysis

did you undertake to determine that for terrestrial

resources specifically that they needed a special,

it was a special case as opposed to everything

else?

A. Well, as I just mentioned, the way that we set our

Local Study Area -- the way that we set our Local

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901

Study Area, because it's a boundary around your

footprint, if I was to use that approach to build a

shed in my backyard, those effects would be, in

theory, significant, because the development

footprint is the majority of that Local Study Area,

so we believe you need to look at a more regional

context in the way that we've set our Local Study

Area --

Q. So the fact that there's local effects don't

matter?

A. Oh, they do matter. And as you indicated, that's

why we provide environmental consequence

information on it. That's why we discuss them.

Q. Right. Right.

A. And why we show them against how we do our

reclamation. But from a significance determination

under CEAA, I believe our Local Study Area, and the

way it's been set, limits us from doing

significance at a local level.

Q. You mentioned CEAA. There's no CEAA guidance

documents that speak to that issue that take your

position saying that for terrestrial resources you

need to look at the RSA level; is that correct?

A. No, as far as I'm aware, there's no CEAA guidance

discussing what study area to be looking at

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902

significance at.

Q. Okay. Now, in your Application, you refer to the

Cumulative Effects Assessment Practitioners

Guidance (sic) document in various places; correct?

A. Correct.

Q. Now, this document is supposed to guide cumulative

effects assessments; correct?

A. That's correct.

Q. Could I ask you, please, to turn to Exhibit

001-051E. And that's the May 2012 Supplementary

Information Response. And specifically I'm wanting

to turn you to the SIR29. Let me know when you

have that and I'll give you an actual pinpoint

page number.

A. Yes, I have SIR29.

Q. So looking at page 3-23, and I'm on the second-last

line.

A. I'm sorry, I'm wondering if -- I'm at SIR29.

Q. Yes.

A. For me that's page 3-85.

Q. My apologies, I believe I'm wanting to refer to

SIR9 at page 3-23.

A. I'm at SIR9.

Q. So just the second-last line it states, it starts

by saying:

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903

"Significance was assessed at

the regional scale, which is

appropriate for terrestrial

resources."

It then goes on to say that:

"... it is important to

'evaluate significance in

consideration of other than just

local direct effects'..."

And then it also says:

"... and 'expand boundaries

sufficiently to address the

cause-effect relationships between

actions and VECs'."

You see that?

A. Actually, I don't. Could you give me that

reference again, I'm sorry. You're in our May 2012

Submission, SIR9?

Q. Yes, page 3-23. So it's at page 3-23.

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904

A. Yes, I'm on page 3-23.

Q. And at the end of the page, the last paragraph, and

I'm on the second-last line, it says, "Significance

was assessed..." do you see that?

A. Yes, I see it.

Q. Okay, great. I'll read that out again:

"Significance was assessed at

the regional scale, which is

appropriate for terrestrial

resources."

And then it says:

"As stated in the Cumulative

Effects Assessment Practitioners

Guide, it is important to 'evaluate

significance in consideration of

other than just local, direct

effects' and 'expand boundaries

sufficiently to address the

cause-effect relationships between

actions and Valued Ecosystem

Components'."

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905

Do you see that?

A. I do see that.

Q. Great. Now, the second quote there, where it says,

"evaluate significance in consideration of," now

that's provided in the Cumulative Effects

Practitioner Guidance (sic) documents in order to

guide decisions on the scoping of projects, not the

assessment of significance; isn't that correct?

A. Let me check that.

Q. And I have copies of that piece, if you'd like.

A. I have it here as well. I'll just take a look.

Q. Pardon me?

A. I have it here as well and I'll just take a look.

Q. Oh, okay, great. Just to tell you, it's on page 14

of that document. And that's just to help you.

A. Yes, I have both documents with me now. So would

you mind asking your question again and I'll give

you an answer.

Q. One moment. Sorry about that.

Yes, my question was: Is that the second

quote that says "expand boundaries sufficiently

to..." now that is referring to the scoping of the

project, not the assessment of significance; is

that correct?

A. It's the section in the Practitioners Guide under

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906

"scoping" talking about establishing the spatial

boundaries and how you should set them. And the

reason we've included that in this discussion is we

believe that concept of the boundaries expanding to

sufficiently address cause-effect relationships and

their actions in the VECs is part of that

ecological context that we look at.

Q. Well, you provided that citation in support of

assessing at the regional scale. So my point was

just that that piece from the Cumulative Effects

Practitioners Guide doesn't speak to assessing

significance, it's talking about establishing the

spatial boundaries for the actual scoping of the

project; correct?

A. That is the portion of the document it's in, yes.

Q. Now, I'd like to move on to the discussion of

cumulative effects assessments. And I'll just

quote for you from this document. You don't have

to go to it unless you feel you need to after I

read it out. It's the September 7th, 2012 document

entitled, "Responses to JRP August 15, 2012." And

it's Exhibit 001-063.

Now I'm at Section 2.3.3.2 at page 56 and it

states --

A. I'm sorry to interrupt you, but I can almost

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907

guarantee I'm going to have to look at that to

remember. Would you mind --

Q. -- definition of cumulative effects that you guys,

that you used, but do you want to go to it?

A. Yes.

Q. So that's Exhibit 001-063. And it's the

September 7th document entitled "Responses to JRP

August 15, 2012" and it's "Supplemental Information

Requests". And it's Section 2.3.3.2 and that's

page 56.

A. It's the "Environmental Significance Determination"

section for the wildlife assessment?

Q. I believe so.

A. Okay. I have that.

Q. Okay. So you're on page 56?

A. I am.

Q. I'm just looking at the definition of cumulative

effects and it says:

"Cumulative effects to

wildlife are considered to be

significant if they compromise

resilience such that populations

are likely to no longer be

self-sustaining, ecologically

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908

effective populations."

Is that correct?

A. DR. JALKOTZY: Yes, it is.

Q. Okay, thank you. Now, this test has not been used

for any previous oil sands assessments; is that

correct?

A. Well, as Wayne mentioned earlier, this is the first

time that we're doing significance, so we are

applying something new here to give that ecological

context when we're determining significance.

Q. Okay. And it's not a test that any Review Panel

for oil sands development has applied, to your

knowledge; correct?

A. Not to my knowledge.

Q. Okay. And it's not a test that's set out in any

CEAA guidance documents?

A. No, but there aren't CEAA guidance documents that

dictate how a cumulative effects assessment should

be done.

Q. There's no CEAA Cumulative Effects Practitioners

Guide?

A. I mean, it talks about -- yes, there are documents

that talk about the context generally, but it

doesn't give the specifics about how it should be

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909

done.

Q. Right, but there's CEAA Cumulative Effects

Practitioners Guide doesn't make any reference to

self-sustaining or compromised resilience as being

a part of any test of significance, does it?

A. No, it doesn't.

Q. So how did you determine that effects compromise

resilience or whether a population is at a point

where it's likely to no longer be self-sustaining?

A. The question about how we determined resilience,

I've already broached that topic earlier. We

talked about gathering empirical data that we had,

available data. We started in and around the oil

sands region particular to the indicator species

and if population or trend information wasn't

available in the immediate area, then we started

casting a wider net looking for information

regarding that particular indicator on a wider

scale.

So in the case, for example, with respect to

some of the breeding bird indicators, we used

breeding bird data from Alberta or even nationwide.

Q. Right, and as we were talking about, that was

talking about resilience in terms of the ecological

context, correct, that was the context of the

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910

conversation?

A. Yes.

Q. And I believe you said that it was a subjective

assessment based on your professional opinion;

correct?

A. It's a professional judgment based on the empirical

data that we were able to gather regarding that

indicator.

Q. Okay, thank you. I'd like to move on to the issue

of thresholds. And in Shell's EIA, if I could take

you to Volume 3, and that's Exhibit 001-001B. And

I'm looking at page 1-33. So table 1.3-4. And

this is where you lay out about -- you talk about

high magnitude effects. And it shows here that you

have a high, which in brackets, is plus 15, is a

greater-than 20 percent change in a measurement end

point; is that correct?

A. MR. SPELLER: So in Table 1.3-4 on

page 1-33, that information is under the air

emission effects on terrestrial ecological

receptors. I'm wondering if you're referencing

another part of the table, perhaps.

Q. Okay. That same test was used, though, that's the

test that was used for all of the effects, was it

not?

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911

A. No. So what Table 1.3-4 shows is that for each of

the components that we assess, our experts look at

what are appropriate criteria and scores for those

different areas. So you'll see for air quality,

for instance, noise, air emission effects, on

those. There's different scoring for magnitudes

depending on which component you're looking at.

Q. But was that not also used for looking at magnitude

of effect for habitat loss and things like that in

reference to terrestrial resources?

A. Yes. So on page 1-35 of that same table, you'll

see our terrestrial resources section. And in

there, you'll see that a negligible change in

magnitude was less than 1.0 percent change on the

measurement end point. Low was less than

10 percent. A moderate was 10 to 20 percent.

Q. Right.

A. And a high was greater than 20 percent change in

the measurement end point.

Q. Yes, that's what I'm talking about. And that

20 percent comes from a CEAA document, correct? I

believe it's the Operational Policy Statement for

Adaptive Management Measures under the Canadian

Environmental Assessment Act, is that your

understanding?

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912

A. Sorry. So that reference to the operational guide

that you gave is actually -- the operational guide

provides a case study that talks about that.

Martin Jalkotzy will talk about where the 10 and

the 20 percent come from that we've used in our

assessment.

Q. I'm just concerned with the 20 percent high

magnitude effect, was what I was referring to.

A. Yes, certainly, he'll talk about that.

A. DR. JALKOTZY: So the 20 percent is

typically measured as a change in -- it's typically

applied in the habitat part of the assessment of

the effects on wildlife.

Q. Just to stop you there. Are you going to be

answering my question about whether it's in -- the

20 percent is from the operational policy

statement? Because that's all I wanted to know.

A. MR. SPELLER: As I mentioned, that

reference to the -- sorry. I have a sore throat.

The 20 percent is that -- we talk about the

Operational Policy Guide. There is a case study in

that guide that talks about the 20 percent but

that's not the source of it for us.

And Martin is going to talk about the source

of it, if you'd like.

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913

Q. I have it where it's cited in the documents, and

maybe if I can take you to the document and it will

provide better context. It's the May 2012 SIR. At

page 3-23. Were you able to locate that pinpoint?

A. DR. JALKOTZY: So I'm sorry, where in

the -- that's SIR9. Where did you want us to go in

there.

Q. Page 3-23. And it's under number b.

A. All right.

Q. And it's about, well, half to three quarters of the

way through that paragraph, it says, "The use of

20 percent as a threshold." Do you see that?

A. Yes, I do.

Q. And it says there:

"The use of 20 percent as a

threshold for categorizing an

impacts magnitude as high is

supported by the Operational Policy

Statement for Adaptive Management

Measures under the Canadian

Environmental Assessment Act..."

A. Yes, I see that.

Q. And it says that:

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914

"... which suggests that when

accepted science-based thresholds

for terrestrial resources do not

exist, a '20 percent effect level'

... should be used."

A. Yes.

Q. So that's the only point I'm trying to make is that

it's supported by that document?

A. Yes, that's fine.

Q. All right. Thank you.

Now I'd like to discuss for a moment the

Terrestrial Ecological Management Framework. Now,

this framework requires that wildlife indicators be

maintained within 10 percent below the lower limit

of the Natural Range of Variation, or NRV; is that

correct?

A. Yes, that's correct. Let me pull up TEMF or the

document here that I'm looking for.

Q. Okay, I'm not going to ask specific questions about

what's contained in it, but go ahead. I'll ask my

next question and then if you need to keep pulling

it up.

A. Go ahead.

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915

Q. So Shell didn't incorporate the NRV for species in

its significance determination, did it?

A. No, we didn't.

Q. And Shell didn't provide any information to suggest

that the planned development case is consistent

with the regional Natural Range of Variation

targets that are set out in the Terrestrial

Ecological Management Framework; is that correct?

A. No, we didn't. And I'd like to clarify here. The

TEMF document was done in 2008 and since the Lower

Athabasca Regional Plan has been issued, we

consider that to be now the document that we should

be following with respect to regional planning in

the area.

Q. And does that document set out any thresholds for

wildlife or biodiversity?

A. It does indicate that there will be thresholds set

out in 2013.

Q. But there's no thresholds right now?

A. No, there are not, but that now is a document that

guides regional planning.

Q. But in the absence of a biodiversity management

framework, which is going to be developed hopefully

next year, is that correct, that's what our

understanding is is that 2013 is when it's supposed

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916

to be developed?


Q. And you'd agree with me that sometimes the

government doesn't always meet its targeted

deadlines for producing documents like these?

A. I can't comment on that. I don't really know

whether --

Q. There's no documents that you can think of that

have an anticipated release date that has not been

met?

A. They've stated that they're going to produce them

in 2013.

Q. So regardless of whether it's going to be 2013 or

2014 or 2015, there's no biodiversity framework

right now; correct?

A. There isn't one right now.

Q. So are you suggesting that in the absence of a

framework threshold under that framework, there

should be no thresholds?

A. So I'm not implying that we don't need to use a

threshold, but we do use thresholds, a variety of

different screens, let's call them, at 10 and

20 percent magnitude or, sorry, 10 to 20 percent

magnitude change. We then, at the local level, we

then push that to do a planned development case or

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917

a cumulative effects assessment. And then once we

get to that stage, we're looking at any ecological

resilience and ecological context at that point.

So it's not that we're not using any kind of a

threshold at all, we are looking at these things on

an indicator by indicator basis given the lack of

current direction from LARP.

Q. Well, you say "lack of current direction from

LARP," but there is direction from the Terrestrial

Ecological (sic) Management Framework; correct?

A. Yes, there is. But I'd also like to indicate that

the Terrestrial Ecosystem Management Framework

applies to the whole of the Regional Municipality

of Wood Buffalo and we're talking about a Regional

Study Area that's within or that takes up a portion

of that area.

Q. Right.

A. And in addition to that, the TEMF takes into

account the fact that there will be areas that are

more heavily developed than others. So to just

apply that 10 percent Natural Range of Variability

to our, to the changes that we see within our

Regional Study Area isn't appropriate.

Q. You mentioned that the TEMF is for the region. Are

you aware that in the Total Joslyn Mine Decision

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918

Report, the Panel disagreed with that approach.

Total tried to take that approach and they said

that the TEMF should still be taken into account,

did it not?

A. MR. SPELLER: If I could. Yes, that's our

understanding of how it read as well. And when we

did our assessment, we did take aspects of TEMF

into account in terms of how we looked at forest

fire and forest harvest. Also, aspects of the

developments that we should be including, what they

should look like. So we have taken aspects of TEMF

into consideration.

Q. You took it into consideration, but not the TEMF,

even though the Total Decision Report states that

(as read):

"In the absence of any other

guidelines or thresholds, the Panel

finds it would have been

particularly relevant and useful

for Total to use the Framework to

better inform its cumulative

effects assessment on terrestrial

components."

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919

A. And I believe that's what we've done, we've taken

the aspects of --

Q. You've taken aspects?

A. Yes, aspects in the way that the framework was

applied and looked at it from a cumulative effects

assessment.

Q. But not the NRV component? Sorry didn't mean to

interrupt you. Go ahead.

A. We did not look at the NRV portion of the

assessment, no.

Q. So you said, okay, so you're not going to apply the

NRV, you said you will apply the 20 percent in

terms of looking at the environmental consequence

rating; correct?

A. 20 percent is one of our metrics, yes.

Q. So in terms of determining actual significance, are

you suggesting a different threshold?

A. Again, as we've been describing, when we came up

with our significance determination, the 20 percent

change metric was part of our environmental

consequence rating and for terrestrial resources we

then layered in the environmental ecological

context aspects for each of the indicators, as

Martin had just described a few minutes ago.

Q. Okay. So I'm just curious, because I know it seems

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920

like you are really relying on the biodiversity

framework coming out and that that's going to guide

decision-making. And, fair enough, it definitely

will in the future and we're all hopeful that it

will be a very helpful and instructive document,

but given that we don't have that yet, would you

oppose the Panel deferring its decision on this

Project until we have that framework in place and

we have the thresholds for managing resources in

the region?

A. MR. BROADHURST: So I'll answer that on behalf

of Shell. No, we wouldn't think that's

appropriate. The guidelines will be coming out.

We will be taking them into account in our design

as we go forward, but we would not think it's

appropriate to hold this opportunity in abeyance

while we wait for that or any other guidelines to

come out.

Q. Okay. Now, I'd like to move on to a little bit

different topic, but still related.

September 2012 Response to Information

Request and that's Exhibit 001-63.

Actually, I'm going to go back to that

question later, if you don't mind. My apologies.

So I have a question for Mr. Jalkotzy and it

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921

is in relation to a paper actually marked as an

exhibit yesterday, I believe. It's the Effects of

Linear Developments on Wildlife.

A. DR. JALKOTZY: Yes.

Q. Now, I'm starting to the same paper that was marked

as an exhibit before, but I'm actually going to be

referring to a different pinpoint in the document.

So I have copies that I'd like to hand out for

reference. And these were provided to counsel

yesterday.

And my understanding is that the entire

paper, if the entire paper was not marked as an

exhibit, and just the excerpts, I take cue from

you, Mr. Chairman, but perhaps it should be its own

exhibit?

THE CHAIRMAN: Let's mark it. I think it's

17-025.

EXHIBIT 017-025: Excerpt from "The effects of

Linear Developments on Wildlife: A Review of

Selected Scientific Literature"

MS. GORRIE: I'd like to take you to

Section 8.1, and there's no page numbers

unfortunately, entitled "Regional Planning." And

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922

it's the second page, so not the page where 8.1 is,

but the page following. It's the

paragraph starting "Most landscapes."

Q. Are you able to find that?

A. DR. JALKOTZY: Yes.

Q. I'll just read out if you don't mind, it says:

"Most landscapes and regions

are affected by development and

development corridors to some

degree and in many cases

disturbance to wildlife occurs as a

result of many different factors.

Given that the detrimental effects

of disturbance may accrue in

wildlife populations without

generating obvious population

responses (e.g., precipitous

declines), regional planning in the

future may require that different

interests use regions or landscapes

in a staggered fashion. By

reducing the levels of human use in

a landscape over a given period,

the deleterious cumulative effects

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923

of several disturbance activities

occurring at the same time can be

avoided."

I just wanted to ask you, Mr. Jalkotzy, what

do you mean by "staggered fashion"?

A. I'm referring to a temporal effect or a temporal

staggering.

Q. So at different time periods?

A. Correct.

Q. And what is a "precipitous decline"?

A. Well, that would be what we were talking about

earlier, declines in species in a given area.

Q. So any decline?

A. Typically no. It would be something that is

declining faster than just any decline.

Q. So it's declining faster or quickly, would that be

a fair characterization?

A. Yes.

Q. Now, you also referred to "deleterious cumulative

effects" and what would be considered as

"deleterious cumulative effects" in your

understanding?

A. Well, they would be referring to any of the

effects. It would be, I mean, it's a bit circular,

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924

but it's the kinds of effects and, you know, this

is a large document, but I went through it in

there, the direct and indirect mortality, direct

and indirect habitat loss, and those sorts of

things that may cause a decline.

Q. So is my understanding correct that what you're

saying here in this paragraph is that development

can't occur all at once if you want to avoid

cumulative negative impacts of development; is that

correct?

A. This particular paragraph is in the context of

regional planning and what I'm suggesting is that

regional planning should be taking the extent, as

has been done in TEMF, and actually in now in the

LARP, in the Lower Athabasca Regional Plan, needs

to take into account the kinds of development and

when they're going ahead and at what time and at

what scale.

Q. Okay, thank you.

I'd ask you to turn back to the

September 2012 Response to Information Request

document. And again, that's Exhibit 001-63. And

I'm looking at Section 1.3.

A. Sorry, can you give us a minute, please.

Q. Yes, sure.

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925

A. I think we have it here. 1.3.

Q. Section 1.3, PDF page 13.

A. Correct.

Q. And so I'm looking at one of the bullets. It's how

many bullets down? It's further down the page.

And it starts:

"The assessment of cumulative

effects on wildlife species..."

A. I see that.

Q. Okay, great. Now, the second sentence there says:

"Wildlife population trends

within the RSA are not known for

most species and as a result the

certainty of predicted significance

determinations varies from low to

moderate for the KIRs and Species

at Risk considered in this

assessment."

A. Yes. And the beginning of that bullet referred to

that, we're looking at here, is between the

Pre-Industrial Case and the 2012 Application Case

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926

and Planned Development Case, so it's sort of from

prior to development onwards, that's what that

confidence level is referring to.

Q. Okay, thanks. So my question is, then, if you

don't know the wildlife population trends for most

species, how are you able to come to a

determination under your cumulative effects

assessment that the likelihood of being

self-sustaining is not threatened?

A. Well, as I said earlier, we go and look at the best

available data that we have and, no, it's not

perfect, but it does provide us some information

regarding the trends of these species. And I think

in cases where we thought that there was some

connection to what was going on in the RSA, we

tended to take a harder look at the trend data that

we had and the habitat loss and the habitat

remaining in the RSA. But it really is a question

of looking at the best available information that

we have and making an assessment based on that.

And as I said earlier, it is a professional

judgment based on the empirical data that's

available.

Q. So it's a professional judgment based on

information where you recognize that there are some

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927

gaps?

A. Certainly there are some gaps, but having said

that, we tended to in each case have a reasonable

idea and we made that significance determination

based on the information that we had.

Q. Now moving on to the issue of old-growth forests.

So Shell refers to "progressive reclamation" in its

Application; correct?

A. That's correct.

Q. When do you anticipate reclamation efforts

beginning?

A. MR. MARTINDALE: Basically reclamation

will begin, basically as we speak we're working

towards and always with progressive reclamation, so

any spots that are available as we move forward

will be reclaimed. So the, probably in, I'm

guessing, well, guessing, we've calculated about

five years we'll be starting some progressive

reclamation.

Q. Five years after production begins?

A. Well, we've already began at Jackpine. And this is

an Expansion, right. So we're talking about

Jackpine, correct?

Q. We're talking about the Project that's being

assessed.

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928

A. Which is an expansion of an existing mine, yes.

Q. Right, but you're not going to be starting until

2018 the production of -- from the Expansion; is

that not correct?

A. MR. MIDDLETON: Hello. Colin Middleton.

So in the May 2012 Submission, page 141,

table 46-1.

Q. Sorry, table what?

A. Table 46-1.

Q. That's May 2012?

A. That's correct.

Q. The SIR document?

A. That's the SIR document, it's SIR number 46.

Q. Sorry, just give me a moment to get there.

A. And this table --

Q. Sorry, just give me a moment please. In the

Supplemental Information Requests document, and is

that your --

A. Oh, I'm sorry, maybe perhaps this is in one of the

appendices? No, in the main document, the page is

3-141.

Q. 3-141?

A. That's correct.

Q. There's only so many pages. Like it's 3- and then

there's two numbers like 3-37 or 3-41.

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929

A. It's PDF page 158 out of 169.

Q. Okay, clearly we're not on the same document here.

MR. DUNCANSON: Mr. Chairman, I believe that

the witness is referring to Exhibit 001-051E. And

the PDF page that I had I believe it was 143, but

it might be different.

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you, sir.

A. MR. MIDDLETON: My apologies, I have a hard

copy in front of me. Sorry, PDF page 141.

Q. All right, I'm there, thank you. You can go ahead.

A. So this table and subsequent figure for 46-1 and on

the following page 46-2, the Figure 46-2 shows the

progression of, the estimated progression of

reclamation under the Integrated Mine Plan which

includes Phase I and its Expansion.

And to your question of progressive

reclamation, there's a breakdown of estimated

timelines for lands available for terrestrial and

wetlands reclamation at five-year snapshots.

Q. And it looks like at 2050 is you're anticipating

about -- so you've got a mine-site footprint of

almost 13,000, a plant-site footprint of 169, and

then a reclamation terrestrial of about 7,000;

that's correct?

A. That's correct.

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930

Q. So even by 2050 you still had not reclaimed about

75 percent? And that would be about 5,000 is still

unreclaimed; correct? I'm guessing the unit is in

hectares, yes, hectares.

A. MR. MARTINDALE: Yes, but also, too,

there's 866 hectares of aquatic and that's when the

mine's finished and then there's still reclamation

to go. Like you've got to remember it's an active

mine until then, so there is reclamation activities

that will be going after the mine stops operating.

Q. I guess what I'm trying to get at is habitat for

species that rely on old-growth forests, that won't

be reclaimed for a very long time; correct?

A. MR. MIDDLETON: That's correct.

Q. In fact, in the September 2012 Response, it states

that:

"However, old-growth forest

is expected to re-establish on

reclaimed land after a 100 years or

more."

Does that sound about right?

A. It takes at least that long for something to be

considered old-growth, yes.

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931

Q. So then even after we have reclamation, it's going

to take at least another hundred years before we

have old-growth forest habitat on the landscape;

correct?

A. MR. MARTINDALE: That's correct, but one

needs to keep in mind that only 1.0 percent of the

old-growth forest is disturbed in the landscape in

the RSA.

A. DR. JALKOTZY: And if I could add to

that. It's not like this is an on or off switch.

These are maturing forests, and as a forest

matures, once it's sort of in the 50- to 60-year

range, you're starting to get larger and more

mature trees, and although it may not be classified

as old-growth yet at that point, you are starting

to get those species coming in. So like I said,

it's not an on or off where we're waiting until 100

years and then bang everything is in there.

Q. But the species, like I've read the documents and

it says that they rely on forests that are a

100 years, sometimes they rely on forests that are

over a hundred years, so that seems to me, is that

not --

A. Well, again you're talking about habitat

preferences, but that doesn't mean it's the only

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932

place they are seen or that they don't necessarily

show up right away until it's -- or that they don't

show up until it's classified as old-growth. Most

of these species prefer old-growth, but you'll be

finding them at different densities in mature

forest as well.

Q. How many species are we talking about there,

woodland caribou, which is a 47 percent habitat

loss in the RSA, the bard owl, which is a

43 percent, and the black throated green warbler,

correct, those species are all old-growth forest

species?

A. So can you provide a reference for that? I mean,

it sounds right. But having said that --

Q. I'm just asking you as the wildlife ...

A. Again, though, you know, a bird like a black

throated green warbler or some of the other species

that are designated as preferring old-growth, they

do exist in mature forest as well.

Q. So then the species that rely on old-growth

forests, and I don't have a pinpoint to pull, I've

read in the documents that you refer that are

relying on old-growth forests, but the species that

do rely on old-growth like the ones I just

mentioned, so in the interim while the disturbance

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933

has occurred and we're waiting for reclamation and

then we're waiting for the hundred years, you say

it could be less than a hundred years, because they

can come in before that, they adapt, in the

interim, though, those species won't be able to

rely on that habitat; is that correct?

A. In the areas where that habitat is lost, no,

obviously they can't rely on those areas. But

there are other areas, as you were saying, if we've

got a 46 percent loss from PIC to the 2012 Base

Case, or thereabouts, there's still, depending on

the species and the indicator, anywhere from

60-plus-percent of the habitat that's still there

for them to reside in.

Q. Now I just wanted to mention caribou briefly. Now,

you found that under the cumulative effects

assessment that there'd be significant adverse

effects; correct?

A. MR. SPELLER: In our September 2012

Submission which was looking at the pre-industrial

case, so from roughly the 1950s before most

development or forest harvest in the region, to our

Application and Planned Development Case in the

EIA, we did that assessment as part of the SIRs and

did find there was a significant adverse effect on

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934

caribou from development from the 1950s forward.

Q. So are there any species that, like the young

habitats or seral early-stage forests, let's say,

that are created by deforestation and mine

reclamation?

A. DR. JALKOTZY: Certainly there are early

seral species. A moose is a good example of a

species that will take advantage of early seral.

Q. What about deer?

A. Certainly deer take advantage of early seral.

Q. So we might actually see deer populations increase,

then, in the area as a result of the development?

A. Well, a minute ago you were talking about the

Regional Study Area and now you're referring to the

Local Study Area. Certainly --

Q. Well, I'm just talking about effects generally. It

could be LSA level or RSA level, I'm just talking

about what the effects in change in landscape are.

A. Certainly in north-eastern Alberta, deer appear to

be invading, whitetail deer appear to be invading

and are taking advantage of the early seral; that's

well documented in the literature.

Q. So the answer is we could expect deer populations

to increase?

A. Yes, we can expect, we may expect white-tailed deer

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935

to be present on the landscape in the early seral

stages.

Q. And deer attract wolves, do they not?

A. Can you rephrase that, how do you mean "they

attract wolves"?

Q. Well, deer are prey, like the predator for deer are

wolves; correct?

A. That's correct.

Q. Thank you. And how far is the Jackpine Mine site

to the nearest designated caribou range?

A. It's in the tens of kilometres, I suspect.

Q. Okay, yeah, my estimate was about 20, so does that

sound about right?

A. Yes.

Q. So that 20 kilometres that's within travelling

distance for a wolf or for a deer, is it not?

A. Certainly wolf home ranges are in the order of a

thousand square kilometres.

Q. Okay. So then it's possible, then, that if the

Project is only 20 kilometres from the nearest

caribou range and you create a situation where

you're attracting deer which attract wolves and

wolves have, like you said, thousands of kilometres

range, home range, would it not be possible then

that the Project will increase predation on caribou

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936

in their caribou ranges?

A. It's not quite that straightforward. Caribou have

a habitat selection strategy that involves avoiding

wolf predation and so they'll be spending time in

areas, that's caribou now will be spending time in

areas that are not preferred deer habitat, so they

are not in the uplands nearly as much. And in that

sense, although there may be an increase in wolves,

and that has been documented elsewhere in the oil

sands, it doesn't directly mean that caribou are as

affected as may be suggested.

Q. But you agree that they would be affected?

A. Certainly wolves eat moose, deer and caribou and

wolves are opportunistic carnivores, so, yes, they

can be affected. And that does appear to be what's

happening in the oil sands region in general.

Sorry, one of the things I'd like to add to

this. I mean, this is a regional issue, and from

that perspective, if you look at LARP and the

recently-announced Federal Caribou Recovery

Strategy, that's, and as I've been referring to a

number of times speaking in the last few minutes,

that this is happening across the oil sands region,

it's not particular to this Project, really, and in

fact this Project doesn't fall into a caribou

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937

range, as you noted yourself.

The Caribou Recovery Strategy is now in

place. There will be range plans that will be

developed and that's the scale at which this issue

of deer, wolf and caribou interactions need to be

addressed.

And really, it's at that level and at that

regional scale, it's ESRD in conjunction with the

industry on the landscape as well as other

interested stakeholders are really working pretty

hard at this right now.

Q. And they've been working hard at it for quite a

while, right, there's been many documents produced

and many ...

A. We now have critical habitat for caribou

designated. We've made some great strides.

Q. Yes, and I don't want to delve too deeply into the

Recovery Strategy issue. It's an interest of mine,

so maybe we can talk about it offline together

later. But I understand that the Recovery

Strategy, yes, you're right, it talks about

regional plans, but those aren't anticipated for

another three to five years; correct?

A. The range plans, yes, they are to be coming out in

three to five years. I think that's correct.

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938

Q. And it's not mandated, it's suggested in the

document but there's no legal requirement that

those plans be produced?

A. No, there isn't, but their critical habitat has now

been designated and so there's other things that

are going to come into play.

Q. Right, the critical habitat designation on its own

does not mean that they are actually going to be

protected. It's a designation, which I agree, but

it doesn't mean that there's actually going to be

protection; is that correct?

A. I guess all I'm saying is we are making strides

now.

Q. Okay, fair enough.

I'd just like to ask about again about

old-growth forests with a little bit of a different

take. And I'm just going to give these numbers and

if you need to check back to the documents, I can

provide the cite. But my understanding is that the

old-growth forest potential in the RSA is estimated

to be around 356,000 hectares; does that sound

right?

A. That's in the pre-industrial case, old-growth in

the RSA.

Q. Correct, yes. So you're probably already at the

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939

document. Are you at page 27 of the September 2012

document?

A. I'm on table 3.3-6 and I'm looking for a number

here. It's actually page 85 of the September 2012

submission.

Q. And it's correct that it's estimated that there's

going to be a decrease by 60,242 hectares between

the Pre-Industrial case to the 2012 Jackpine Mine

Expansion Application Case?

A. So I don't have that number exactly, but it's

certainly in the ballpark.

Q. Okay, we'll go with that then, thank you.

So just the point that I'm trying to make

here is that if we're looking at those two numbers,

roughly that represents a loss of about 17 percent

give or take old-growth forest potential in the

RSA; is that correct?

A. Yes, and you'd have to take into account again that

the assessment that we do, what we do is we need to

have a timeframe to be looking at it, a temporal

aspect. And the planned development case we're

looking at the far future after closure and

reclamation. So the losses is in some ways you

could consider, it's not an absolute loss in the

sense that if we carried the assessment out further

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940

to 100 or 120 years, then a lot of that forest that

isn't yet counted as old-growth will be on the

trajectory for old-growth and then once we get to

that stage.

Q. Right, but my question was about the Application

Case as it stands now. Okay.

So now you mentioned before about TEMF and

taking into account forest fires. So you'd agree

that forest fires are reasonably foreseeable in the

LSA and RSA; would you agree?

A. Certainly they are foreseeable in the RSA.

Q. And in the LSA?

A. MR. SPELLER: I think what Martin is

speaking to is the spatial extent of where there

could be a forest fire is something we don't know

right now, but we do know the reasonably

foreseeable events and as such we've included them

in our assessment. But saying will there be a

forest fire in the extent of our LSA?

Q. No, no, I'm not saying will there be, just is it

foreseeable?

A. It's possible. Definitely in the region there will

be forest fires.

A. DR. JALKOTZY: One of the reasons that I

was pausing, I was starting to think of it. During

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941

the Application Case, when this is a mine, and if

you remember how we defined our LSA, there isn't a

lot outside of infrastructure to burn, so that's

why I was hesitating.

Q. I understand totally.

Now, you'd agree that a landscape without

peat wetlands is dryer, would you not?

A. Yes.

Q. And we know that peatlands are going to be lost as

a result of the Project, so would you also agree

that the post-reclamation landscape will be dryer

because of that loss?

A. So we've indicated in the Assessment that certainly

given that there will be more uplands, more

terrestrial uplands in the closure landscape, that

it will be a dryer landscape. And I mean there are

also more lakes in the landscape.

Q. Okay, so it will be dryer?

A. Yes.

Q. So given that, wouldn't you agree that that means

that there's an increased susceptibility to forest

fire?

A. When we looked at forest fires, we used the

modelling. You were referring earlier to some of

the aspects of ALCES that we, or Wayne was

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942

referring to some of the aspects of ALCES that

we've used. And what we've used is the same fire

and the same fire modelling that was used in the

TEMF modelling, so in that sense, whether or not

that landscape will be dryer, I'm not sure.

Intuitively what you're saying is correct, but

having said that, we used the same modelling for

fire that was used by TEMF and is being used to

inform the Lower Athabasca Regional Plan.

Q. Okay. Fair enough.

But the increased potential for loss of

old-growth forest and the resulting increased dry

landscape was not considered as part of your

assessment, though, was it?

A. So to answer your question, a dryer landscape could

in theory burn more often. But having said that,

if you're looking at the Local Study Area and

you're looking at an area that has more water

available and the fact that it's close to

development, in all likelihood, if you look at the

kind of forest-fire-fighting capacity that would be

thrown at fires in these air areas, in all

likelihood we wouldn't end up with an increase.

And then I would just go back again to say

that we used what has been accepted by the region,

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943

the ALCES modelling and the fire simulation to

inform our assessment.

Q. So again the first part of that answer was that

you're relying on forest fire -- there'll be

firefighters that will come and --

A. Well, forest fire suppression generally in an area

like that is going to be greater. And again, I

fought forest fires a long time ago, and typically

the access to water is one of the biggest issues

and here we'll have access to water in and around

this area, so the ability to suppress fires will be

quite a bit greater in and around a development

like this.

Q. Okay, but you didn't include, you said that that

might be something that would mitigate the fires,

but you didn't actually include the consideration

of loss of old-growth forest in your assessment,

though, did you?

A. Now you're talking about loss of old growth

assessment. I'm confused. We were just talking

about fire.

Q. We were talking about the increased potential for

loss of old-growth trees which would increase the

potential for forest fires.

A. I'm sorry, you've lost me.

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944

MS. GORRIE: Sorry, maybe I misspoke.

I'll just end on that.

Mr. Chairman, I'm close to being done. I

have just a few more questions on wildlife and then

just a few on greenhouse gas emissions, but I'll

leave it up to you if this might be a good time for

a break.

THE CHAIRMAN: So do you have an estimate of

time?

MS. GORRIE: I would say 15 minutes to

half an hour.

THE CHAIRMAN: Well, if it's going to be as

much as half an hour, we better have a break.

MATTERS RELATED TO TIMING OF HEARING SPOKEN TO:

THE CHAIRMAN: Before we do that, I just

wanted to speak briefly to some scheduling details.

I was going to do this when we resumed after lunch,

but not everyone was in the room, so I deferred it.

As discussed earlier, we're going to finish

by 3:00 p.m. by tomorrow. On Monday, November 5th,

we're going to commence at 10:00 a.m.

Relative to discussion that counsel had at

lunchtime, we plan to sit on the morning of

November 9th, the Friday, with the Regional

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945

Municipality presenting and possibly Dr. Westman,

and just sit the morning that day. And we

understand that some parties will need to be

elsewhere that day, or at least some counsel will

need to be elsewhere that day, but that seems to be

acceptable to everyone.

I suppose it's clear to everyone we wouldn't

be sitting on Monday, November the 12th.

Go ahead, Mr. Perkins.

MR. PERKINS: Just in relation to your last

comment, and I understand now that the intention is

to sit Friday morning, the 9th. The schedule is

somewhat more fluid hopefully than that. But what

I'm getting at is Mr. Purdy has one witness

constraint possibly on that morning. However, we

also in our discussion at noontime did not account

for Sierra Club Prairie. So if it's acceptable to

you, sir, what we'll do is we'll work toward

sitting that morning of the 9th as you've stated.

It may not be the parties that I advised you of,

but we'll certainly work towards doing that if

that's acceptable.

THE CHAIRMAN: Sure, and we'll just try and

keep the information about scheduling flowing.

Ms. Bishop?

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946

MS. BISHOP: Thank you. I just wanted to

say that I am one of the parties that won't be

available on Friday or Thursday just because of

logistics.

So on the schedule, my clients are scheduled

to come in after the holiday. And I understand it

is sort of a fluid schedule, but I just wanted to

advise the Panel or actually request of the Panel

that I might not be in attendance, I likely won't

be in the attendance at all next week. So I just

wanted to put that on the record. Thank you.

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you. So that's all we

had for now and we'll keep looking for information

relative to scheduling.

So I have 3:20 and we'll take 20 minutes.

(The afternoon adjournment)

THE CHAIRMAN: Could we resume, please. Is

there any housekeeping before Ms. Gorrie resumes?

I take it not.

Go ahead, Ms. Gorrie.

MS. GORRIE: I believe Ms. Bishop had a few

minor thing s that she wanted to discuss, but. I

guess not.

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947


COALITION, BY MS. GORRIE (CONTINUING):

Q. One more question in relation to wildlife. Now,

it's my understanding that in Shell Jackpine

Phase I, in the Decision Report, there was a

recommendation in relation to wildlife movement and

corridors. And I can ask you, I have the Decision

Report with me. I provided it to counsel earlier.

I'll put the statement to you, but if you need a

copy to review, I can do that. Basically one of

the recommendations was that (as read):

"AENV and ASRD require Shell

to participate in a technical

review of wildlife corridors that

includes analysis of corridor

effectiveness in facilitating

wildlife movement."

A. MR. KOVACH: That sounds correct, yes.

Q. Now, has this work been completed?

A. No, it has not. Shell undertook wildlife corridor

monitoring along the Jackpine -- I'm sorry, along

the Muskeg River and Athabasca Rivers on a site, I

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948

guess I'd call it a site-specific monitoring

program. Then in 2008, I always get the name

wrong, it's WHEC, Wildlife Habitat Effectiveness

Connectivity project was put together under CONRAD,

and that's where industry is working with Alberta

Environment Sustainable Resource Development to

look at these corridors on a more regional basis so

we can pool our resources to better understand the

corridors better.

Q. And what's the progress with that initiative?

A. I'm sorry, what's the?

Q. What's the progress on that initiative that you

just described?

A. Yes, my understanding is they've completed a lot of

the study and the -- excuse me, I'll just check.

Yes, if you don't mind, I'll have Mr. Jalkotzy

speak to that. He's more familiar with it than I

am.

A. DR. JALKOTZY: So that program that was

just referred to is actually three different

programs. There's a camera program. A

remote-camera wildlife-monitoring program. There's

also a moose telemetry project as well as a wolf

telemetry project. And none of them are, none of

them is complete, but they are well advanced.

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949

There's a number of students involved. And it's

being run by Stan Boutin out of the IOM lab in the

UofA.

Q. And do you have any idea in terms of when we can

expect to see the results of that work?

A. No, I don't, although I know that the results are

being reported annually to ESRD. And so although

there aren't final results, we are getting updates

on a regular, sorry, the regulators are getting

updates on a regular basis.

Q. I would just like to move on briefly to discuss

greenhouse gases. So Shell committed to a

greenhouse gas emission target for the Jackpine

Phase I Mine, and that target was to reduce

greenhouse gas emissions from the Project to a

level less than that associated with imported oil.

A. MR. BROADHURST: Yes, so we indicated at

the time that we would be targeting to be at the

same level as the imported basket of crude into

North America.

Q. You indicated at that time. And is that still the

target, is that the working target for that

project?

A. That's the target that we're working for our entire

oil sands business.

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950

Q. What about for the mine when I was asking about the

Jackpine Phase I Mine?

A. Yes, again, for the Jackpine Phase I Mine, it was

to target the average intensity of the imported

basket of crudes into North America. And we've

been very clear that more generally our

aspirational goal is to do that for our heavy oil

business.

Q. So then is what you're saying is that you have not

met that target for Shell Jackpine?

A. No, I wouldn't say that. What I would say is that

we've taken very proactive steps for our oil sands

business in terms of driving towards meeting that

target, again for Jackpine Mine Phase I, but more

generally our aspirations for the entire business.

That's why one of the important steps that we took

recently that we're quite proud of is the

announcement of the Quest Project, which is going

to be the first carbon capture and storage facility

and that will give us the opportunity to sequester

about a million tonnes per year of C02. And that's

all part of the basket of activities that we would

take to meet that objective.

Q. Okay, so that is your goal. But I'm asking you

about specifically for the Shell Jackpine Phase I

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951

whether to date you have met that target?

A. No, we haven't met the target for our Athabasca oil

sands project of matching that average import

basket of crude. But, again, we're very committed.

That is our aspiration for the business and that's

why we've been making major investments like the

Quest opportunity.

Q. And you made that same commitment for the Muskeg

River Mine Expansion, did you not?

A. Again, just to be clear, what we've set as an

aspirational goal and we've been very transparent

with our 2011 Heavy Oil Oil Sands Performance

Report, we set an aspiration for our entire heavy

oil business that we want to target to achieve, we

have an aspiration to achieve that average basket

of crude target. And we take steps in many parts

of our business to be able to achieve that, Quest

again being one example.

Q. You mentioned that being an aspirational goal, but

you committed, it wasn't an aspirational goal, you

committed to meeting that target for those

projects, did you not?

A. And I would say that the steps that we're taking

are moving us in the right direction to meeting

that objective.

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Q. So just so we're clear, though, you haven't met

that target to date for either of the Shell

Jackpine Phase I or the Muskeg River Mine

Expansion; correct?

A. Two points I would make, one is that we're clear

that that's our aspiration, and we're taking many

steps, as you can see, to move us in that

direction. The other point that I think is

important to recognize is that that commitment was

made at a time when there were no regulatory

requirements in place. And now of course we have a

specified gas emitters requirement, and as you can

see as well from our performance report, we're

doing what's required to meet that objective as

well.

Q. You mentioned the provincial targets, but there's

no federal, there's no federal requirement, no

federal targets right now for you to meet; is that

correct?

A. No, there's no federal target at this point in

time. Alberta was very proactive in putting in

place one of the first regulatory regimes around

GHG management. And of course that's what we're

compliant with.

Q. Okay, so then my understanding is that you aspire

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953

to meet a greenhouse gas emission target for these

projects, including this Project?

A. Well, to be clear, just for certainty, we have an

aspirational objective, as we've said, in our

performance report for all of our heavy oil

business, a drive towards that average import

intensity. And we're taking the steps that are

necessary to move us in that direction. That's a

voluntary objective. If you set that aside, we

have in place a regulatory regime for GHG and C02

management within Alberta and, of course, we're

compliant with that. And we report that publicly

as well.

MS. GORRIE: Those are all my questions, thank

you.

THE CHAIRMAN: Thanks, Ms. Gorrie.

Mr. Malcolm?

MATTERS SPOKEN TO RE: EXHIBIT NUMBERS, BY MS. BISHOP:

MS. BISHOP: Mr. Chair, while there is a

break in proceedings, I thought I might just

address a housekeeping matter. There are two

documents that I provided to the registrar that

haven't been given exhibit numbers. The first was

a will-say of Fred Fraser. And the second was the

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954

2007 Alberta First Nation Consultation Policy that

I discussed with Ms. Jefferson this morning.

THE CHAIRMAN: Can you leave that with us,

Ms. Bishop, and I'll check with the staff?

MS. BISHOP: Okay, thank you.

THE CHAIRMAN: Ms. Bishop, maybe we can get

partway there. There was a document,

Exhibit 010-018, that's the 2005 Consultation

Policy. And actually I was going to ask you about

that. I thought we had discussed the 2007 Update?

MS. BISHOP: And that's the document that

I provided to the registrar this morning.

THE CHAIRMAN: It's the Update?

MS. BISHOP: It's the 2007 Update.

THE CHAIRMAN: Okay, we'll get back to you.

Go ahead, Mr. Perkins.

MR. PERKINS: Just following the discussion

you had with Ms. Bishop, I don't believe we've

marked that document. I do have a number from the

registry if that's your intention, sir.

THE CHAIRMAN: Yes.

MR. PERKINS: It's 10-21.

EXHIBIT 010-021: UPDATED VERSION OF GOA

CONSULTATION POLICY

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955

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you. Go ahead, sir.

CROSS-EXAMINATION BY MR. JOHN MALCOLM:

MR. MALCOLM: Thank you Mr. Dilay. Greetings to

everybody. Thank you for allowing me this

opportunity to cross-examine. I'll try and keep

the questions as quick as possible.

Q. I heard a comment earlier at the start of this

hearing which was that the Shell's Jackpine Mine

Expansion is no more than a road through the

forest. Do you recall which gentleman made that

comment?

A. MR. KOVACH: Yes, that was me who made the

comment in the Opening Statement.

Q. What did you mean we're no more than a road, an

analogy of a road through the forest?

A. Yes, thank you. The analogy I was trying to make

was, when we discussed this morning, is the whole

idea of context, ecological context. So when we're

talking about effects, we understand there's going

to be effects at the local area and they are going

to be substantial effects, but the point we were

trying to make is that when you look at it in a

regional perspective, that gives you a better idea

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956

of what the effects are to the species, the air

quality, and whatnot, in that larger area. That

was what I was trying to convey.

Q. Did you mean that was a pristine forest area or is

it a developed area?

A. It's just a concept. I guess we could call it a

pristine forest, if that works for you.

Q. I beg to differ. I think the problem that we're

having is, in the Regional Study Area, is that

we're not a pristine forest anymore and the impacts

are already prevalent in our area. And I just

wanted to ask you what effects clear cutting has on

the wildlife?

A. Sure, I'll have our wildlife experts talk to that.

Mr. Jalkotzy will speak to it.

A. DR. JALKOTZY: So the question was the

effects clear cutting have on wildlife?

Q. Yes.

A. The immediate effects are removal of habitat. I'm

sure you know, John. Over time, depending on what

happens next, but if there's planting that goes on,

then over a period of time the forest returns.

Q. And I heard about a hundred years before it returns

properly?

A. No, I wouldn't say that. That discussion was

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957

talking about a technical side of old-growth forest

and when something is considered old-growth. But I

mean, as you know, once forest starts to grow, at

different times as it grows up, there's going to be

different species there. Like you'll get rabbits

and let's say moose maybe, yeah, moose moving in

earlier and then as the forest grows up and

matures, you're going to end up with some different

species like marten and fisher or that kind of

thing.

Q. So things are dynamic, the landscape changes with

the clear cut?

A. Yes.

Q. And the animals change as well?

A. Yeah, there are changes in the animal community.

I'm sure you've seen that.

A. Yes.

Q. I have a concern about the Mule Deer. Mule Deer

are disappearing rapidly in this region, and part

of the problem is the whitetail are moving in and

displacing them. So I was just wondering if Shell

has any mitigating factors to protect the Mule

Deer?

A. In the Wildlife Assessment, we didn't really look

at deer. Certainly there are -- you're right that

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958

white-tailed deer are moving north. I mentioned

that earlier this afternoon. And I don't, no, I

don't spend enough time on the land to know that

white-tailed deer are displacing Mule Deer.

Certainly Mule Deer are less common than whitetail

deer on some of our baseline projects now. But I

wasn't here before, so I can't really comment on

it.

The Wildlife Assessment itself doesn't really

look at deer. I guess I could add too, in my own

experience in the bush, white-tailed deer tend to

be found around these river breaks and creeks and

that kind of stuff, and my sort of time that I have

spent up on the upper end of the Muskeg River, to

me it didn't strike me as Mule Deer habitat like

along the Crooked River something like that.

Q. We don't really know, do we?

A. Well, the aerial surveys that we did on the

Jackpine Mine Expansion at baseline had some deer.

Because it's an aerial survey, sometimes you can't

identify the species. But certainly Mule Deer are

less common than white tails. I think you said

that earlier.

Q. Okay. So the bottom line is you have no mitigating

factors on how to protect the Mule Deer?

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959

A. Like I said, the assessment didn't look at Mule

Deer specifically, John.

Q. Okay, thank you, sir. The peatlands is being

removed and buried with the tailings ponds. And I

feel that it affects the fish. Do you have any

ideas what the water temperatures in the Muskeg

River and the creeks that flow in?

A. I'll pass that over to Kasey Clipperton --

A. MR. VANDENBERG: So we did an assessment of

thermal effects in the Muskeg River. That can be

found in section 6.5 of Volume 4 A in the 2007 EIA.

As it's noted, there will be replacement of some of

the landscape with pit lakes and the outflows from

the pit lakes will affect the river temperatures.

What you normally can expect in that type of

situation and what we've predicted here will be

that you get sort of a lag in temperature compared

to the pre-development landscape, so you don't get

much of a change, per se, but you get a delay in

some of the temperature changes that you would have

previously seen.

Q. Peat muskeg thaws out slowly throughout the

summertime and controls the water temperatures in

the streams to keep it cool; would you agree with

me on that?

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960

A. Yeah, in a river, the temperature responds quite

quickly to changes or to atmospheric equilibrium.

In other words whatever is in the river actually

comes up to river conditions pretty quickly. It's

more driven by atmospheric exchange.

Q. So the Muskeg that thaws out slowly throughout the

summer has no effect on keeping the water cool?

A. I wouldn't say no effect, but the effects are

pretty short-lived in the river.

Q. I'm sorry?

A. The effects are pretty short-lived in the river

from whatever flows into the river. It's more

driven by exchange with the atmosphere.

Q. Are you familiar with the amount of oxygen content

that's required to sustain fish?

A. Generally, yes.

Q. And what temperatures in waters would meet those

requirements?

A. Well, oxygen has a saturation that's dependent on

temperature. Generally the colder the temperature,

the more oxygen. But that's only at the solubility

level. At a lower oxygen, it's not affected by

temperature.

Q. So with the clear cutting of the forests and the

removal of the peat, I see the temperature of the

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961

water is increasing. Would you agree with me on

that?

A. Yes, I think I would agree with that.

Q. So would you know what the critical temperature

would be for the threshold of the fish?

A. Well there are guidelines in Alberta of 5.0 and 6.5

but those are nowhere near the solubility. So in

other words, if the temperature increases too high,

it wouldn't affect the oxygen at that level. The

oxygen solubility is about 14 milligrams per litre

and at a high temperature that will decrease, but

it only decreases within the range of normal

temperatures down to something like 12. So you

would see a decrease of say 14 to 12, and it

doesn't really affect the DO once you get near the

fish thresholds.

Q. So the fish eggs, when the fish spawn and stuff

like that, and in the springtime I noticed in the

EIA that the water temperatures were around five to

eight degrees Celsius in the spring in the rivers

in the Jackpine Mine?

A. I'd have to check that, but subject to check, okay.

Q. Okay. So I'm concerned about the spawning of the

fish in the springtime with all the clear cutting

and the peat moss removed. Have you looked at the

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962

fact that the water temperature increases are going

to affect the spawning areas and the fish itself?

A. I would just like to check with my colleague

Mr. Clipperton.

A. MR. CLIPPERTON: Sorry, yes, so we did

look at the temperatures predicted under the

Application Case in the Muskeg River and looked at

the temperature requirements for the different

species in the Muskeg River for spawning and all

the different life stages, and our conclusion was

that it was still within the range of acceptable

temperatures.

Q. Could you give me an example of an unacceptable

temperature?

A. Again, so that will depend by species and there's a

range of species that use the Muskeg River for

migrations. Probably the most temperature

sensitive species would be arctic grayling. They

are typically requiring a colder temperature range

and they've got a lower upper thermal limit. Some

of the other species like northern pike and suckers

are quite tolerable over a much wider range. And,

again, spawning for the spring spawning species

typically starts very early in the spring just

after ice-out and can happen at a fairly low

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963

temperature. So those temperatures will still be

present because there still will be ice on the

river every year. And so as the ice comes off, the

fish will generally respond and spawn in those

temperatures and then the eggs will develop and

they typically hatch over a fairly short period.

And again, depending on the species.

Q. Have you identified the streams that the fish spawn

in, are there certain streams that certain fish

will spawn in or do the fish spawn in every stream?

A. Generally within the Athabasca River basin or

relative to the Project?

Q. Relative to the Project.

A. So relative to the Project, certainly the Muskeg

River itself is expected to be a spawning river for

the sucker species that migrate into the river.

Historically, it was, it has been documented that

Jackfish Creek, I believe it was formerly called

Hartley Creek, was a spawning creek for arctic

grayling. And that creek has since been affected

by abundant beaver activity and a lot of the

habitat that the grayling spawn in in that creek

has been back-flooded and silted in with the beaver

ponds.

The Muskeg River mainstem itself and Jackfish

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964

Creek, but Muskeg Creek itself also could be a

potential spawning ground.

Q. Would you be able to identify in the creek itself

where the spawning areas are?

A. Absolutely. Again, it's very species-dependent, so

there's some species that will typically target

higher slope areas or higher gradient areas that

maintain clean gravel and rubble. And a lot of

those areas are located in the lower Muskeg River

itself, but, again, there's some species. A lot of

the species that are found in the upper Muskeg

River and the creeks that are affected by the

Project, there's not very many species up in that

area. The two sucker species within the area, the

long-nose sucker and white sucker are found there,

as well as a few forage fish or minnows. And

again, each species has a slightly different

spawning habitat requirement, northern pike or

jackfish as an example, typically will spawn in

aquatic vegetation or sometimes flooded terrestrial

vegetation. There's other species of fish that

will use the underside of logs for spawning

material. And as I mentioned, there's species that

will only target clean gravels to deposit their

eggs.

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965

Q. Which species is that?

A. So those species would include: Walleye are known

to use clean gravels for spawning. Certainly

arctic grayling target clean gravels, as do sucker,

both sucker species will target clean gravels for

spawning. Within the Athabasca River itself, lake

whitefish are known to migrate upstream of Fort

McMurray to the Grand Rapids area and they'll use

the rocky area there for spawning.

Q. And have you identified any of the clean gravelled

areas in the Muskeg Creek?

A. Muskeg Creek or Muskeg River?

Q. Both, I guess.

A. In Muskeg River, again, the lower portions of the

Muskeg River are known to include intermittent

riffle areas and which contain rocky habitat. Once

you get to the upstream section of Muskeg River

itself and within the Project area, the gradient of

the river is extremely flat and the habitat there

is predominantly a slow-moving channel, we call it

a flat habitat, and it's predominantly a sediment

bottom, a silt-sand sediment bottom, so those areas

don't provide spawning habitat for those

particularly species.

In Muskeg Creek, again I think there are some

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966

isolated patches of areas with a little bit steeper

gradient that can clean out the gravel and cobble.

But generally speaking, Muskeg Creek itself is also

a fairly low-gradient stream with predominantly

flat and silty habitat.

As I mentioned earlier, Jackpine Creek or

Hartley Creek was a section that contained abundant

riffle-pool habitat, that was documented in the

1970s, and it was also documented to have some

grayling habitat in there. But in recent surveys,

those spawning areas seem to have been replaced

with beaver ponds.

Q. So are the beaver responsible for the grayling

disappearing?

A. No. Certainly the beaver appear to be responsible

for the loss of some of the habitat within that one

particular location. The decline of grayling has

been documented to be occurring for sometime now.

The Fish and Wildlife report on the status of

grayling has documented that grayling declines were

predominant through the '50s and the '70s and it's

a regional decline that's been documented, not

specifically related to anyone in industrial

development.

Q. Does clear cutting not affect the grayling habitat?

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967

A. Sorry, pardon me, can you repeat.

Q. Clear cutting, does it not affect grayling habitat?

A. Again, I can't comment on that specifically. I

guess there probably would be a number of factors

to consider there. I think stream buffers in some

forestry areas can be quite effective at

maintaining the habitat within the stream, so I

don't think it's a blanket statement that can be

applied.

Q. But it does have impact on it, though?

A. Again, I don't think that there can be a

generalized statement. I think you'd have to look

at a specific area and the mitigation measures that

may have been in place surrounding that activity,

and the stream that it is travelling through.

Q. Your samples that were taken for the fish studies,

I noticed in your EIA that it showed spring, summer

and fall. Could you be more specific with the

dates that those samples were taken?

A. I'd have to pull up the document itself to -- we do

report the specific dates of the sampling and that

would be reported in the environmental setting

report.

Q. The reason why I'm asking, specific dates are

important when you're doing your sampling. When

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968

fish are spawning, they only spawn in the creek for

one or two days and then they go back to where they

live. And the way your samples look and what's

taken there, there's no fish left in the whole

area, there's hardly any fish identified in your

studies. And I'm just wondering if that's

accurate. And we've been impacted already by the

developments where there's hardly any fish left and

it's going to be another 50 to 70 years before we

see any again.

A. So again, I think the way we do our assessment is

twofold. Certainly we go and look to capture fish.

We don't, depending on the scope of the field

program, we don't always try to be there exactly

when the fish is spawning. So we look at a number

of factors. You know, one of the main factors that

we look at is the habitat that's present at the

site. And so, again, within the Project footprint,

the habitat that's present is a strong indicator of

what could be using that area for spawning.

So in particular, with respect to grayling,

the habitat available within the Project footprint

area really is not suitable and is not a habitat

that grayling would target for spawning.

And for the other species, we look at the

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969

habitat and its potential to support spawning. So

even if we don't specifically find, so northern

pike would be a good example, we really haven't

found very many northern pike or any northern pike

in our baseline studies and even in historical

studies we haven't found northern pike commonly up

that high in the watershed. But we certainly look

at the habitat potential. And to support that.

And then we also did, in the EIA, take

traditional knowledge input and there was some

waterbodies that were identified as supporting

northern pike within the Project area which we then

assumed pike were present even though we didn't

physically sample them in our baseline programs.

Q. So what I get out of this is that pike are gone

from there or they never were there?

A. There's certainly some indication that individuals

have found pike in some areas, but most -- the

additional traditional knowledge that's been

collected hasn't indicated that the upper reaches

of the Muskeg River where the Project is located

has been an area that's been targeted for northern

pike fishing. There's been some indication of

collecting fish, collecting suckers, in the Project

footprint area.

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970

So, again, I think, you know, even though

northern pike have a tolerance for low dissolved

oxygen, low dissolved oxygen is considered a

limiting factor in the Muskeg River for some

species, and so based on that, even the historic

studies, the studies that were done in the 1970s

didn't find or didn't capture northern pike in the

upper reaches of the Muskeg River.

So certainly the western science fish

collection techniques would indicate that northern

pike aren't an abundant or common species in that

portion of the Muskeg River. And, again, we've

aimed to include the traditional knowledge that was

collected. And, in our assessment, which we use

for the development of the No Net Loss Plan to

compensate for habitat, we have included northern

pike as a consideration of a potential project

impact.

Q. You mention the studies done earlier. Were they

done during spawning season or were they done when

the fish were gone from the streams?

A. In the 1970s?

Q. Yes.

A. Again they had a range of studies. They used some

fish-fence programs in a couple of the years, and

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971

those programs have been repeated in recent years,

and those were typically attempted to be installed

as soon as possible after ice was off to collect

information. Now, that's down at the lower end of

the Muskeg River, near the mouth.

And, again, current studies continue to

document northern pike in the lower portions of the

Muskeg River. And, in fact, Shell's current

monitoring in their Jackpine Compensation Lake has

documented northern pike within their Compensation

Lake. So northern pike remain in the watershed.

What I'm saying is, in the upper section of the

river, where this Project is located, we haven't

documented northern pike.

And, again, even if we miss the short window

that fish might be spawning, the expectation would

be that the young fish would remain in the local

area to rear, and that sampling throughout the

year, if the fish were present, would be able to

detect those fish.

Q. I had an opportunity with Mr. Mitch Goodjohn a

couple years ago to show him where the fish were.

Jackfish were spawning in Bonesies (phonetic)

Creek, if he can recall.

A. MR. GOODJOHN: I do recall that, John.

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972

Q. And that was a very -- how, how wide was that

stream?

A. Going from memory, it did not strike me as being a

very wide stream, yes. But just for the benefit of

the other people, that was in the Anzac area, too,

where that creek was that you showed me.

Q. Yes. And we were about a mile away from the lake

in a small little muskegy-type stream, right?

A. That's correct, yes.

Q. So the jackfish could be spawning and you guys

wouldn't even know because you haven't tested on

the right dates. Would I be correct in that

assumption?

A. MR. CLIPPERTON: Again, I don't, I don't

agree with that, that assumption. The location of

the Project isn't, you know -- your example is in a

small creek within a mile of a lake where large

northern pike would likely reside most of the year.

The Project itself is I believe over

40 kilometres -- this would be subject to check --

upstream of the Athabasca River. It's a very long

distance upstream.

So, again, there's been sampling along the

entire length of the Muskeg River, including our

baseline data that we collected. And, certainly,

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973

again, if the fish were to spawn there, there

should be a reasonable chance over repeated

sampling that fish would be detected.

And I will agree with you that a single

sampling event is a snapshot in time, so it does

not represent the full species assemblage that

likely inhabits a portion of the river. So what we

do look at is our current sampling as well as

historic sampling to try and piece together the

story of what fish are living in the river and what

lifestage of that fish is using the river.

Q. Okay. What season is Shell going to do their --

THE CHAIRMAN: Mr. Malcolm, just a second.

We've just got to stop for a second, Mr. Malcolm.

There's a technical glitch. Sorry about that.

(Realtime Technical Issue)

THE CHAIRMAN: Sorry, sir. Please continue.

MR. MALCOLM: Thank you, Mr. Dilay.

Q. The relocation of the Muskeg River that's planned,

what season is that planned to be done in?

A. MR. ROBERTS: We haven't got to the

detailed planning on that, but most likely it would

be in the winter months to accommodate the heavy

equipment with that type of terrain that we have

out there.

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974

Q. And the flow will be cut off during that time

period through the river, are you going to maintain

a flow through it at all times or are you just

going to dig it all out and start all over again?

A. We don't have the detailed schemes but I can tell

you what I think we would do without having gone

through the detailed planning. We would probably

have the equipment on the north side of the

existing Muskeg River and cut the new channel and

line the new channel with rip-wrap and get it

probably as close to, well, given that the existing

one moves through a Muskeg region, we would get to

it to the point where we believe it would hold

water and then at a point in time, we would open

the flow in at the upstream end and let it flow

through to the downstream end and then block it

off.

I would imagine at the same time that we'd be

involved in fish salvage activities. Maybe

Darrell, you can correct me if I'm wrong on that,

but we'd most likely attempt to salvage the fish

that are in the part of the Muskeg River that we'd

be draining.

Q. I'm just trying to picture you salvaging fish

underneath the ice. I just can't fathom that.

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975

A. We would be constructing it in the wintertime, but

in the spring that's when we most likely would open

the flow so you could take advantage of the spring

runoff conditions.

Q. Would you wait until the spawning season is over or

would you do it during spawning season?

A. I can't answer that question.

Darrell, you're involved much closely with

the Khahago Creek relocation.

A. MR. CLIPPERTON: I can answer that. So

the experience to date with diversions in the oil

sands is there's a level of preparation to begin

the diversion that would happen in the open-water

season, and often a barrier, some level of a

temporary barrier would be installed at the

downstream end of the portion of the reach that

would be dewatered.

The salvaging activities are typically

targeted for summer to fall. You generally want to

avoid the spring for a couple of reasons. One, as

you comment, to avoid the spawning season, but

really from a, it's a practical consideration, is

you want to avoid the high flows in the spring,

which make it difficult to capture fish.

So from there, the activity that's gone on is

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976

typically you will then attempt to remove fish from

short sections of the creek, so you're not trying

to remove fish from the entire diversion at the

same time. And so this would all be happening in

the summer and fall prior to the construction.

So at the time the construction happens and

the water is diverted around the channel, a vast

majority of the fish will be removed from the

channel to be dewatered. And there's protocols

that have been developed for the oil sands region

on specific targets by species to achieve in that

process.

Q. Are you aware of what season the arctic grayling

spawn in?

A. Arctic grayling are a spring-spawning species.

Q. Here they spawn in the first week in July.

A. Arctic grayling typically beginning their spawning

run under the ice. Often they'll be moving into

streams quite early in the year and that actually

is one of the challenges in sampling arctic

grayling spawning runs is that they start their

movements under the ice.

The temperatures that grayling would be

targeting for spawning are fairly low, so they'll

be spawning in water temperatures of around four

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977

degrees and upwards. My experience is by July the

water temperatures in the streams in the area, and

if you look at the data collected at the fish-fence

operations by RAMP, the water temperatures are

quite a bit higher than 10 degrees by July. So my

experience, and from the published biological

information on grayling in the region as well as

elsewhere, is that they would spawn earlier than

that.

Now, obviously there are areas much farther

north in the arctic where grayling may not spawn

until July and the reason for that is that those

streams are still ice-covered or can be ice-covered

through June.

Q. In your EIA, Red Clay Creek was found to be, a few

grayling were found there and it was a summer

sampling.

A. So, again, so a couple points to clarify. Red Clay

Creek is not within the Project area, that's on the

other side of the Athabasca River. The other point

is that grayling often do, after they complete

their pawning run, they'll often spend the entire

summer within the spawning stream to feed, so

that's been documented in the Muskeg River. So it

may not be related to the timing that they spawn,

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978

but after they spawn, the adults remain in the

river and you'll often actually find that they'll

stay throughout the summer and in a lot of those

streams you'll find a large out-migration in the

fall.

Q. So with all the sampling and the fish testing

that's been going on, the only creek that had a few

grayling in it wasn't even in the Local Study Area?

A. Again, so the sampling that was conducted for the

Project was specific to within the Project

footprint area. We relied on historic information

and other ongoing monitoring programs that

collected information outside of the Project

footprint, so downstream on the Muskeg River and in

Jackpine Creek. So we didn't specifically collect

additional baseline data for this Project on

streams that were outside the Project footprint.

The objective of our baseline sampling was to

augment the existing data set with information

within the upper watershed that didn't have as much

information available.

Q. Okay, thank you. The new Muskeg River diversion

that's going to be put in place, where's the

spawning beds going to be for gravel, for example,

for the walleye?

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979

A. So, again, I think as I discussed a little bit

earlier, the habitats within the upper reaches of

the Muskeg River that are going to be diverted are

generally are lacking in riffle habitats and rocky

habitats. The habitat within the Muskeg River

being diverted is a very low-gradient flat

slow-moving water, there's frequent beaver

impoundments and the habitat, the substrate is fine

materials.

In the new, in the diversion channel itself,

it will similarly be low-gradient and slow moving.

Again, the designs of that channel are not

available, but the expectation is that it would

provide fish passage to the upper Muskeg River as

well as providing some habitat for fish to use.

But there currently isn't spawning habitat for

walleye and arctic grayling within the Project

footprint area of the Muskeg River, so the

diversion channel itself would likely not aim to

provide that habitat.

Q. Red Clay Creek?

A. Red Clay Creek is outside of the Project area,

that's on the other side of the Athabasca River.

Q. Yes.

A. And you may have read that, that's associated with

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980

the Pierre River Mine, which is a different

project.

Q. Would the flows in the water quality be the same

as the Muskeg River?

A. Sorry, can you repeat that? Are you referring to

the Red Clay Compensation Lake now?

Q. No, the Red Clay Creek itself where the grayling

were found in your samples?

A. Right.

Q. The creek there, is it similar to the same as

Muskeg River where it's the same bottom and the

same type of flows and same water quality?

A. Again, so it's on the other side of the Athabasca

River. There are some physical differences to the

creek. It's a smaller creek than Muskeg River is.

Down towards the mouth, again, there is some rocky

habitat there, but again, that's just -- Red Clay

Creek itself is not associated with this Project.

But from our baseline information, there's a very

short section near the mouth that contains some

rocky habitat and then it goes once again through a

very flat discontinuous channel that wouldn't be

suitable for grayling.

Q. The habitat that you describe is basically the

habitat in this whole region?

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981

A. Pardon me?

Q. The habitat that you describe in the Muskeg River

is basically a similar habitat in the whole region?

A. I guess I would disagree with that, to a certain

extent. The streams on the west side of the

Athabasca River that feed the Athabasca River do

have some, I think, some physical differences than

the Muskeg River.

Q. Okay, but grayling was found on both sides of the

river, right, both sides of the Athabasca River

that the streams flow in, grayling were found on

both sides, not just on the one side?

A. That's correct, grayling have been found on both

sides of the river in tributaries to the Athabasca.

Q. So the Muskeg River diversion could affect some of

the spawning grounds of some fish species?

A. Just one minute, sorry. Sorry about that. I was

remiss. I misspoke when I said Red Clay Creek

wouldn't be part of this Project. It is part of

this Project in respect to it's the location of the

compensation lake associated with this Project, but

it's not part of the development footprint itself.

Going to your question, I believe you were

asking if the Muskeg River diversion could

potentially affect grayling populations on both

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982

sides of the Athabasca River, is that?

Q. No, just for the creek, the fish that go up that

creek itself.

A. Up Red Clay Creek?

Q. No, Muskeg River.

A. Up Muskeg River. So again, I think currently, our

understanding of the distribution of arctic

grayling within the Muskeg River watershed is that

they have been found predominantly within the

Muskeg River up to Jackpine Creek and within

Jackpine Creek. They then occur less frequently

further upstream of that. They have been found on

occasion, but not in great numbers, up to Muskeg

creek itself. And then further upstream of that in

the Muskeg River, there really are no records of

grayling occurring much further upstream of Muskeg

Creek. And again, my professional opinion on that

is that, and the reason for that is that it lacks

suitable habitat for grayling and they wouldn't be

targeting those areas for use.

Q. I'll move on to the end pit lake. The end pit

lake, does it have any critical streams or spawning

streams that are going to be designated for that

lake?

A. Sorry, the streams feeding into the end pit lake?

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983

Q. Whatever streams that the fish will spawn in for

that lake. If I use an example of Gregoire Lake or

Willow Lake where I live in, it has five streams

that flow into it. One is very critical for the

walleye, it's the only stream that the walleye will

spawn in. And the other ones are for the jackfish,

as Mitch and I have visually seen.

And I'm just wondering, what streams are

spawning streams for this end pit lake, are the

fish going to spawn at all or is it just going to

be a dead lake that you have to keep replenishing

the fish?

A. Sorry about that. So I'm not sure if you were

present this morning, but there was a bit of a

discussion in terms of the species that would be

expected in the long-term in a pit lake. And

there's certainly a bit of uncertainty in terms of

the exact species composition that will form the

pit lake.

However, the existing fish community in the

vicinity of the pit lake, as I mentioned earlier,

is fairly restricted. So the fish that have been

found in that very upstream reach of the Muskeg

River are white sucker and long-nose sucker and

then there's a few forage fish species. And all of

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984

the species found there are generally tolerant of

low dissolved oxygen conditions, which is is why we

believe those are the only species present.

So it can be expected that through natural

colonization when the pit lake would be connected

to the natural streams, that those would likely be

the species that would initially inhabit the lake.

So we likely wouldn't be initially talking about

walleye or jackfish.

I guess the second point on that, as I've

mentioned earlier, is that the existing habitat in

the upper Muskeg River isn't providing high quality

spawning habitat that walleye or grayling would

target. However, at the design stage, when you get

to the closure landscape and you're designing both

the pit lake itself as well as the channels that

are connecting the pit lake, those can be design

considerations to incorporate into the channel

designs to make sure that you can in the end

sustain a fish community within the lake and

provide the habitat features within the connecting

channels to support the long-term goal of what fish

community might be targeted.

Q. So those plans, are they in the EIA?

A. The specific plans of the channels and the pit

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985

lakes are quite conceptual at this time and those

are a long way off and those would be put together

at a later detail design stage of the process.

Q. So what kind of fish can we expect to eat out of

this end pit lake?

A. Again, so in terms of natural fish colonization, as

I've mentioned a couple of times now, the likely

species to initially move into the lake are the

ones that are commonly found in the upper reaches.

I think similar to the compensation lake design

where input is gathered from stakeholders in terms

of what fish community might be desirable within

the closure landscape, I think those are

discussions that have yet to happen as far as I'm

aware, but certainly there can be habitat features

designed to support the fish community and if there

is a desire for a fish community that can support

fish consumption, then I think that can be

determined closer to the stage of detailed design.

Q. My question was what kind of fish could we expect

to eat from this lake.

A. Mr. Koppe answered earlier that he felt that there

was a high level of confidence that the fish would

be suitable for consumption in the lake.

Q. Yes, but I'm asking you what species of fish.

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986

A. And so my answer, I believe indicated that that can

be something that is determined at a later phase

when the lake is being designed and so that habitat

features specific to support that species can be

included with the lake. The fish, the specific

fish community within the pit lake itself has not

been determined, but the likely natural

colonization of the lake, based on the local fish

community, would be sucker species and forage

species, so.

Q. I'm just trying to figure out, this end pit lake,

how it's going to benefit me as a traditional land

user. Right now all the fish have gone from the

area. And the end pit lake is supposed to be no

compensation loss. What kind of fish can I eat? I

eat sucker-heads, sucker is not bad, but what other

fish species would I be able to eat? You mentioned

there won't be no walleye and no pike.

A. MR. ROBERTS: John, maybe I can take that.

Just to put this in a broader context, the end pit

lake is part of our reclamation scheme, so we've

got the terrestrial, the land reclamation as well

as the aquatic restoration. We're committed to

consulting with our stakeholders and with our

neighbours on what that design looks like and how

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987

we're going to return that to the, to a native

state. So there will be a point in time where we

will be seeking input and seeking advice and much

like we did with our compensation lake for Jackpine

Phase I. We won't be doing that now but we will be

doing that at some point in the future.

Part of our Reclamation Plans that we have to

put in place for Alberta Environment require

consultation and so that will be part of the

process. And to the extent that we can design an

end pit lake to accommodate other species, we will

work with our stakeholders to do that.

Q. So are you considering putting in a foreign

species?

A. I can't -- I would suggest not, but ...

Q. So the only thing I can count on is eating sucker

heads from this lake, then?

A. Pardon me?

Q. The only fish that I can eat from this lake is

suckers, I guess?

A. So if we can, I think if we can accommodate getting

some of the other species that are in the lower

reaches into the lake through the design, we would

look to do that.

Q. Which would include some spawning grounds?

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988

A. I think, you know, that's part of the discussion

that we'd have sometime in the future when we're

designing that lake. I don't see that out of the

realm of possibility.

Q. Okay. And when will I be able to eat the fish from

the end pit lake?

A. Sir, I don't have that answer.

A. MR. KOPPE: So, Mr. Malcolm, your

question was when it would be safe to eat fish from

these lakes?

Q. Yes.

A. And again, this is something that we talked about

this morning as well. And we can't say with

100 percent certainty at this time when it will be

safe to eat fish from these lakes. However, we are

confident that at some point there will be fish in

these pit lakes. And through the monitoring, so

the testing of the water quality and the quality of

the fish themselves, again, we have a comfortable

or a high level of confidence that at some point

these fish will be safe to eat. We just can't say

right now for sure when that will be.

Q. Could you say it won't be in my lifetime? I'm 49

now.

THE CHAIRMAN: But you look like you're in

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989

pretty good shape.

MR. MALCOLM: Thank you, sir.

MR. VANDENBERG: I don't think it will be in

any of our lifetimes; the lakes aren't proposed to

start releasing water until 2065. But the

compensation lake is more relevant to when you will

be able to start seeing some benefits from

constructed waterbodies.

Q. The Compensation Lake, what fish will be in that

lake.

MR. CLIPPERTON: So right now there's a long

species list that's been developed as part of the

Draft No Net Loss Plan for species to include in

the lake, and it does include walleye and northern

pike. There's also been a request from some of the

Aboriginal stakeholders to look at including lake

whitefish in the lake. And then there's also the

sucker species and the forage-fish or the minnow

species in the lake to support it as well --

Q. Do you know what creeks flow into Compensation

Lake, are you going to allow the walleye and spawn

in, and the jackfish, designated creeks at all?

A. So right now, the design of the Compensation Lake

is fed directly by Red Clay Creek. And so we

talked about that a little bit already. And where

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990

the lake itself is situated is in a fairly flat

portion of the topography that runs parallel to the

Athabasca River. And the habitat within that

portion of the landscape is actually fairly poor.

There's discontinuous channels, a lot of beaver

impoundments.

A short distance upstream of that and right

near where Red Clay Creek would flow into the

Compensation Lake, Red Clay Creek itself actually

does go through an area of higher gradient and

there's a riffle and pool habitat there that would

be suitable for spawning.

In addition to that, in the Big Creek

watershed, there'd be a currently proposed

diversion that would take some water in from Big

Creek, that would be a constructed inlet channel.

And again, the habitat features of that inlet

channel can be specifically targeted to provide

spawning habitat.

In addition, the outlet channel would be a

constructed channel, and that channel can also be

constructed to target specific spawning habitat for

target species.

Q. They haven't been planned yet, but they can be,

right?

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991

A. That's right. Conceptually, obviously, the

species, the target species have been identified

for the lake. And so biologically and

ecologically, we obviously -- there needs to be the

habitat to support the full lifecycle of the

species within the lake, either within the lake

itself or in adjoining streams. But the specific

details of the constructed channels have certainly

not been designed yet, but the concept of providing

suitable spawning habitat I believe is

well-established.

Q. Okay, so I will be able to see that when it comes

out; right?

A. Yes.

Q. Thank you. The Compensation Lake, right now the

Muskeg is one of Mother Nature's purifiers that

help purify the potential acid input that comes

from the strong areas and stuff like that. What

buffers does Shell plan for the Compensation Lake

to protect it when there's no more muskeg?

A. MR. KOVACH: The Compensation Lake is

proposed to be put in I think about 20 kilometres

away from the active mine area, so there will be

the natural ground all around it.

Q. Okay. Great. Thank you for that. I'll move on to

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992

water conservation. Shell has a stringent water

conservation policy?

A. Yes, we do.

A. MR. MARTINDALE: Yes, we do. We've got a

program where we're trying to reduce the amount of

water that we withdraw from the river.

Q. Okay. Would that include cutting back on your

water that supplies your camp?

A. Right now, the water for the camp is a very, very

small portion of the water that we use. It is

taken from the river, but the water treatment plant

that we build is capable of going to groundwater

and that was the intention from the beginning.

Q. Okay. And is it working?

A. We're not there yet.

Q. So you have no plans like for low-flow toilets or

low-flow showers, nothing like that to help

alleviate the usage of water?

A. Subject to check, when we were building the Albian

camp, I was the environmental manager at the time,

and I requested that low-flush toilets -- it's the

dual flush?

Q. Yes.

A. Yes, so that's in there now. We really don't want

to treat more water than we need to, at either end

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993

of the process.

Q. Your wash bay for the equipment, does that have a

recycle system on it?

A. I could check, but I don't -- at the Muskeg River

Mine, it does apparently.

Q. That's great. Move to hydrogeology and the

outcrops identified in this aquatics

Exhibit 001-001I. I'm sorry, I gave the wrong one.

It's the hydrology one. Sorry, Exhibit 001-001K.

001-001 K.

On Section 3, I guess, page 14, it talks

about the basal aquifer and the flows of it. It

flows westward from muskeg mountain towards the

river. And on the next page, page 15, it talks

about the basal aquifer has been drained down in

the region or the area.

A. MR. KOVACH: Forgive us, can you just give

us one minute to get the reference. Apologies.

A. MR. MARTINDALE: John, are you looking at

table D?

Q. I'm just looking at the bottom paragraph of

page 15, Section 3.32. And just below table D, the

bottom paragraph there. And in it it describes the

basal aquifer as "groundwater levels in the

immediate vicinity of the Muskeg River Mine pit by

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994

as much as 45 metres since 2000." And then it goes

on to say (as read):

"Hydraulic heads, 1 kilometre

west of Kearl Lake, 10 kilometres

east of Muskeg River Mine, have

declined by about 1.3 metres since

2000."

And this book is five-years-old. I just

wonder if you have any recent levels, if it's

changed since then?

A. MR. KOVACH: Just one second. We think

Mr. Kupper can help you. Mr. Kupper can help you.

A. MR. KUPPER: Hi, this is John Kupper.

Yes, the water levels have been decreased by

45 metres as we say here at this location that we

have by Kearl Lake.

Q. Can you bring the microphone closer to you or speak

up.

A. MR. KUPPER: Okay, thank you. At the

location by the Kearl Lake, where we have seen a

1.3 metres, the water levels have been generally

consistent over the last five years or so.

Q. Okay. Could you tell me, the basal aquifer

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995

basically saturates the whole Local Study Area;

right?

A. The basal aquifer is present in the study area,

it's a patchy aquifer so it's not fully continues

over the entire area.

Q. Okay. Without lowering the level, what caused the

lowering of the level?

A. The level in the basal aquifer is lower because of

depressurization of the aquifer for mining

purposes.

Q. How is it depressurized?

A. They have wells, depressurization wells with pumps

and the pumps will pump the water from the basal

aquifer, and the water levels, the isometric level

will decrease.

Q. What's the reason behind that, why decrease in the

water levels for the basal aquifer?

A. The reason for the decrease in the water level in

the basal aquifer is for safe mine operations.

Q. For all the Muskeg Jackpine Mine and mine Expansion

or?

A. That is correct.

Q. So that's quite a large area that you're

depressurizing; right?

A. In the end, yes, that's correct.

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996

Q. And have you noticed that there's any effect on the

McClelland Lake Fen through all this?

A. From the operations of either Muskeg River or

Jackpine Mine, no, we have not seen any effects or

predict any effect to McClelland Lake Fen.

Q. Is there any piezometers over there to monitor or

how do you come to that conclusion?

A. We came to that conclusion based on the modelling

simulation that we did for the Project.

Q. So there's no actual physical testing, it's just a

model?

A. The data that we have, the depressurization of the

Muskeg River Mine and Jackpine Mine does not extend

to that distance at this time, and will not extend

to that distance in the future.

Q. How do you know that?

A. I can refer you to a figure in the text there.

Q. If it's a model, it's okay, I'll move on to the

next question.

A. Okay.

A. MR. KOVACH: Maybe I could add,

Mr. Malcolm. The basal aquifer is a lower aquifer,

so near the surface what we have are surficial

aquifers or quaternary aquifers and then we have an

impermeable layer or low permeable layer and then

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997

we have the basal that goes under it.

So Shell understands that the McClelland Lake

Fen complex is important and that's why in a letter

to Alberta Environment we said we would do some

monitoring to make sure our Project had no effects,

because based on the models that we've run, we

don't anticipate any effects to McClelland Lake

Fen.

Q. So you will do monitoring but you haven't done any

yet?

A. That's right. Once the Project is up and running

if it gets approved.

And Mr. Roberts would like to add something.

A. MR. ROBERTS: So John, at this point in

time, we do have piezometers on the north end of

Lease 88 and 89 and they were installed about three

winters ago.

Q. I guess that's why they are not in the EIA because

I was looking for some and I didn't see any. So

thank you for that.

A. Okay.

Q. If I can go on to the next page, page 18. And on

page 18, middle paragraph, it talks about (as

read):

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998

"The groundwater is expected

to flow from uplands areas

southeast, northwest to lower

areas, central portions of the

Regional Study Area, likely

discharging at subcrops and/or

outcrops particularly along the

river valleys and steep slopes."

Do you know where any of these sites are

where they do outcrop?

A. MR. KUPPER: Sorry, which paragraph are

you referring to.

Q. The middle one, I guess. It talks about the Grand

Rapids formation in the last two sentences of that

paragraph, talk about the subcrops and outcrops of

the Grand Rapids formation.

A. So you're asking whether we have a notion where the

base flows, the groundwater is coming to the

rivers?

Q. Yeah. CEMA wants to know, we met with CEMA there a

couple of weeks ago, and they wanted to know where

all the underground streams and the outcrops along

the Athabasca River were and they met with our

Elders and we told them what we knew. So I was

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999

just wondering if you knew where they are so we

could share that information with them?

A. I think I don't have a very detailed set of

information there, but you have the expressions of

springs that will come to the river. Whatever have

ice accumulation along the borders of the river

during the winter, that would be an expression of

groundwater coming and being discharged for

example.

Q. Has Shell ever considered using these as sample

points for monitoring seepage?

A. MR. MARTINDALE: John, we've sampled or

we've done surveys at the base, the western,

extreme western end of Lease 13 where there's seeps

going into Isadore lake. And so we've just

finished that a couple of years ago and would be

looking to start monitoring along there. First it

was to identify it and then establish a monitoring

program. We haven't done that yet.

Q. Okay. Are there flows, rapid flows or they're just

kind of trickling-in seeps?

A. Just trickles. There's a couple trickles, not very

much.

Q. So most of the water is being retained in the bowl

area, the Muskeg River area, and some of it is just

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1000

trickling out?

A. Well, that's that escarpment just above Isadore

Lake, and so, yes, some of it's buried and not

visible, but the parts that are, you can see it.

Q. Okay.

A. Yeah.

Q. Any freshwater aquifers been identified?

A. MR. KUPPER: Yes, we have the Pleistocene

channel aquifer.

Q. Okay. And with all this drilling going on and

stuff, drilling has an impact to underground to

cause connections between certain water levels or

certain grounds. What is Shell doing to protect

these, the freshwater aquifer, from that, the

drilling?

A. MR. KOVACH: Well, Shell's approach is to

understand the nature of how depressurization of

the aquifers or dewatering of the aquifers will

affect ecological receptors such as, you know, fish

in creeks and whatnot, and waterflows and whatnot.

So what we do is we look at our plans for what

we're going to dewater and then we try and

understand the impacts to the groundwater and how

that will affect flows and streams and the water

quality in streams and whatnot. That's our

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1001

approach.

A. MR. MARTINDALE: If I could add, too.

When we've noted, like the Pleistocene Channel, we

installed a cut-off wall at Jackpine in Jackpine

Phase I. And so we augment streams like Jackpine

Creek with a small flow of water, freshwater, to

keep flow rates exactly as they were before.

Q. So that's one of your --

A. That's a mitigation.

Q. -- mitigations of protecting the freshwaters?

A. Yes.

Q. Okay. Some of the streams on your site have

different pH levels, they vary from 6 to 8. And

just wondering if possibly which one of them, which

sustain which kinds of fish.

A. MR. CLIPPERTON: The pH found on the site

is all within the range necessary to support fish.

Q. Every kind of fish?

A. The fish within the region.

Q. Which would include walleye and jackfish?

A. That's correct.

Q. Thank you. The prime Directive 074, with the new

tailings pond initiatives, is this going to cause

Shell to reclaim any of their tailings ponds sooner

than what was previously planned?

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1002

A. MR. ROBERTS: Yes, John. The Directive 74

has had a significant impact on how we're

approaching tailings, particularly at Jackpine, as

well as the Muskeg River Mine. So we've revamped

the original Jackpine Mine Expansion Tailings Plan

to accommodate Directive 074. And as you're aware,

meeting Directive 074 is a challenge for the

industry right now.

And to meet our needs, we're deploying three

different types of technologies:

We've got the thickened tailings where we're

taking the fines right out of the extraction

process and using thickeners to express the water

from that before depositing that into a thickened

tailings deposit.

The second method that we're using, and we're

adopting this from some of our industry partners

that we're working with, is centrifuging fine

tailings to put the mechanical energy in to drive

the water out and get the clays to a level that is

closer to being trafficable in an earlier period of

time.

And the third is that we're deploying

non-segregating tailings technology, or CT as it's

called at Syncrude and Suncor, and using that to

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1003

fill our lakes.

All this is moving us towards getting the

water out of the tailings sooner so that it's not

in ponds.

So you will still see some clarification

lakes that we have, but it's moved us a lot farther

along the way of not having mature fine tails in

large inventories onsite.

Q. That sounds wonderful. How many years is that

going to advance the reclamation?

A. So it's -- we've got a -- the geometry of our ore

body is such that when we get up into the Leases 88

and 89, we're advancing -- it's -- so we have a --

compared to our original plan, we're going to be

able to reclaim sooner, but it's still not -- I

think we're -- I can -- the --

Q. I just wanted a timeframe.

A. So we will be 2055 is -- so 20 -- I should speak

from a position of knowing what I'm talking about

here. So give me a minute to look up. So we will,

in 2025, we will start permanent reclamation on our

Jackpine Mine, the integrated operation. And that

will be accelerating that into the latter part of

2040. And then at 2050, we'd be finishing that up

between 2050 and 2055. So that speaks for

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1004

Jackpine.

At Muskeg River, we're well on our way to

reclaiming the EGF, so getting the woody material

on the slopes of that tailings pond. And we're

looking to advance that as quickly as we can. So

if that helps.

Q. Actually, yeah, it hasn't. I'm sorry. I just

wanted a timeframe. Is it going to speed up 10

years, five years, or there's no idea?

A. Well, I don't have the -- I can undertake to get

that to you, the difference between the Directive

74 plan and the previous plan, to give you an idea

of what that's sped up.

Q. I'd appreciate that.

A. Okay.

Q. The tailings pond, does it have a liner in it?

MR. DENSTEDT: I think we should confirm

that undertaking on the record that Mr. Roberts

gave to Mr. Malcolm to provide the delta between

the previous tailings plan and the D74 plan.

UNDERTAKING 12: MR. ROBERTS TO PROVIDE

MR. MALCOLM THE DELTA BETWEEN THE PREVIOUS

TAILINGS PLAN AND THE D74 PLAN

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1005

MR. MALCOLM: Thank you, Mr. Dendsted. I

thought I was doing something wrong there for a

second.

MR. DENSTEDT: You'll know.

MR. MALCOLM: I'm sure I will. Thank you.

Q. If we can get back to the tailings pond liner.

CNRL is using a clay liner in their tailings pond,

I was just wondering if Shell is using one as well?

A. MR. ROBERTS: At the base Jackpine

operation, no, we're not.

Q. Okay. And so it's just sand that's going to be at

the bottom of the pond?

A. No, it's Muskeg with the clay-till underneath that.

Q. Oh, so you do have some filtration for seepage.

Thank you for that. So it's basically there's no

liner, so you've already admitted that seepage is

going to be prevalent?

A. Bill, do you have the seepage numbers?

A. MR. KOVACH: Yes, what we've done is we've

taken a look at what we anticipate for seepage

given the natural conditions underneath the

external tailings disposal area. And what we've

done is we put in mitigation where we have internal

drains that help depressurize the pond by taking

the water from the inside and conveying it to the

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1006

outside. That feeds into a perimeter ditch which

is collected and reused in the process. We also

have a system of some wells where we collect water

that goes a little deeper into the Pleistocene

Channel aquifer that was mentioned earlier, and

again we collect that, that seepage and again put

it back into the process. So we think that's good

mitigation that's going to be effective, and so we

didn't think we needed to put in a clay liner.

THE CHAIRMAN: Sorry, Mr. Malcolm, nothing

wrong with the question, but we're going over

questions that have already been asked and

answered, sir.

MR. MALCOLM: Okay, I'm sorry about

that, Mr. Dilay. I was just --

Q. I didn't see in these plans where the piezometers

were going to be installed to monitor these. And

in the hydrology section there, it just shows all

-- most of the piezometers on the upstream side of

the tailings ponds and I didn't see any in

Figure 16. Exhibit 001-001K, Figure 16, I believe,

it had the piezometers located on the Shell's

sites. And I was just wondering where all the

piezometers were going to be to monitor the flow

when it's all flowing towards the river and all the

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1007

piezometers are on the east side of the site?

A. Yeah, an important consideration is that, again,

groundwater moves slowly, and so we do expect

seepage towards the mine pit and, you're right,

towards the river. And what happens, as you mine

further north, you come in between there.

So there will be monitoring, but it will

probably be after; later in the mine life. And we

haven't -- we've put together a conceptual

groundwater monitoring program for this

application. But our intent is to meet with the

regulators, if this Project is approved, and

develop that detailed monitoring plan with their

input.

Q. Okay.

A. So that's probably why you're not seeing a lot of

detail in terms of where the monitoring is. But

that's our intent, if we get approved, to work with

the regulators to make sure we have that rigorous

monitoring.

Q. And one of the tailings pond is going to be put

directly on top of the ventricular (phonetic) fen?

A. No, the tailings pond or the external tailings

disposal area is -- I'm not exactly sure how far

south it is, but it's not on the pattern (phonetic)

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1008

fen, no.

Q. I just misunderstood the drawing.

Okay, tailings dust. Is there anything being

done to alleviate the, well, not just tailings dust

but the mine dust, combined? When I travel through

Fort McKay, it gets dusty sometimes, and I just --

I know that Shell is not the only contributing

factor.

A. MR. MARTINDALE: Yes, so dust is an

important factor to make the mine safe as well, so

it's a human health for our workers as well as Fort

McKay. So we do water the roads, primarily spring,

summer and fall. In the wintertime, that's not too

advisable, but then the roads are frozen and

there's not as much dust.

What we have done is we've installed a dust

meter, or sampler at station 9, which is Barge

Landing. So between us and Fort McKay. And it's

been there for over a year now. And it samples

particles from PM10 down to PM less than 1. And so

far there's been -- the intention was to correlate

wind speed, wind direction with dust. And for the

past year, there's been no occurrences of dust. It

doesn't -- you know, we're still waiting. But the

biggest amount that we've recorded, actually, is

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1009

shift change. So when the buses roll in to Barge

Landing camps and roll out, that's when we pick up

dust in the sensor.

So we're confident that there's not a lot of

dust flying around. And as we -- and that's

reasonable, too, because of the way we build the

tailings pond; so the water level, there's not a

lot of beach exposed for most of the year. And so

there's not a lot of fetch to pick up the dust and

blow it around. So between the monitoring and the

way we operate, dust is kept to a minimum.

Of course, and as mentioned earlier,

reclamation has begun on the west side of the

tailings pond. And will continue. We're currently

doing a bit on the southeast -- southwest side and

that will also keep dust down.

Q. Would lowering the height of the pond also keep the

dust down?

A. Lowering the height of the pond?

Q. Tailings pond, yes.

A. It doesn't lower. I don't quite follow.

Q. Well, if you get higher area of surface area, and

the wind is blowing, you're going to get more dust

blowing around than if you have a lower area,

right?

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1010

A. Right. But it is where it's at and so will be --

you mean if it was built lower?

Q. M'mm-hmm.

A. That probably would occur, but then it's bigger.

And so it's a combination of design and making sure

that the sand is wet and that there's vegetation.

Those are the biggest factors.

Q. I have two concerns about the height of the pond.

One is the dust. And the other I have is the head

pressure increases on seepage; the higher the head

pressure, the more seepage you're going to get.

A. Correct.

Q. So I was just wondering if, with this new Directive

074, does Shell have any plans to lower its

tailings pond heights?

A. MR. KOVACH: Mr. Malcolm, what we've done

is we don't have plans to lower our heights, but

what we've tried to do in the Environmental Impact

Assessment is help people like yourselves and the

Panel to understand what that might look like in

terms of seepage. And, again, when we look at

that, we think that the effects are low to

negligible.

Q. Yes. And I agree with that, but the heights do

have a pertaining implication on seepage, right?

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1011

A. No, you're correct. And as Mr. Martindale said,

it's one of those things where you have a volume of

tails you have to manage, and it's got to go either

higher or bigger, so we're trying to manage that

balance.

Q. Right now, but with the new directive, with the

tailings drying and combining all these coarse

sands and fine sands tailings and stuff like that,

isn't there any plans to lower your water intake

because you don't need as much water, you're drying

out your tailings ponds, so you're recycling that?

A. I'm sorry, I'm not exactly sure what you're asking.

Can you rephrase that one more time, please?

Q. I'm just looking at the benefits of 074. And so

far I haven't seen any explained to me. Things are

in the works. But I'm looking at benefits of

smaller tailings ponds, less footprints, and stuff

like that.

A. Right. Okay. I think I understand. So the

benefits of D074 again are getting, in terms of

water use, are if you can get tailings where you

can put your coarse sand tailings in with your fine

sand tailing and you get those fines in between

your coarse tails, what you have is less space for

water. So what we're proposing, as Mr. Roberts

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1012

mentioned, is a non-segregating tails where, again,

you've put these fine tails mixed in with your

coarse tails, and what that does is you have a

lower, I guess I'd call it a sink of water, less

storage in the ground. And that will happen

throughout the mine as we built these

non-segregating tails. I think where the confusion

comes in is the: Do we do non-segregating tails in

our external tailings disposal area? And that's

not where it happens.

Q. Well, I guess my direct question more is water

consumption. And Directive 074. Suncor is going

total recycle and they are expanding their Voyager

Mine and they don't need to have any more water

intake from the Athabasca River. Does Shell have

any plans like that in the future?

A. MR. ROBERTS: So, John, we're working

towards eliminating water withdrawals. The big

difference between us and some of our other

operators is they have a much larger footprint to

collect precipitation that they can use and reuse

in their process. With us being only in operation

essentially 10 years, our footprint isn't all that

big, so our catchment area for precipitation isn't

as large as theirs. So we do have an objective to

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1013

work towards getting off the river, using

precipitation, using groundwater in our processes.

We're not there yet, but it is an aspiration.

Q. Thank you. The sewage from the camp, does that go

into the tailings pond or does it go somewhere

else?

A. MR. MARTINDALE: At this point in time, it

goes into the recycle water pond.

Q. There's no water being hauled to Fort McMurray

sewage lagoon from Jackpine Mine -- Jackpine camp?

A. No, not from Jackpine Mine.

Q. Or Muskeg?

A. Muskeg, subject to check, it's been on again, off

again. There have been times when we have had to

haul to the Municipality. But I don't know the

status today. When I was there -- it was operation

was normal. But for the last few months, I don't

know what the status is.

Q. Okay. I haul water sewer and I was talking to a

fellow at the sewage lagoon as we were dumping our

sewer, and I asked him where he was from, and he

said, "I'm from Shell Jackpine."

A. Well, as far as I know, the Jackpine operation is

working just fine. And it's going to the tailings.

Now, I will add that there are different

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1014

by-products. And that we do have a sludge that's

collected. All water treatment plants have a

clarifier and a sludge collection. That sludge is

hauled to the Municipality from both plants.

Q. Right.

A. Yeah.

Q. So other than that, there's no sewage going --

A. Raw sewage with the plants down, yes, raw sewage

gets hauled to town, but the plants are normally

running fine.

Q. Okay. Thank you. Was there any testing done on

the Athabasca River for frogs and clams?

A. DR. JALKOTZY: Hi, John. Could you be

more specific? Are you talking about surveys for

frogs and clams or? You said testing, but.

Q. Yeah, I'm sorry, I should be more specific. I have

two question: One is if any have been found, and

the other one is if any have been tested to see if

the clams are safe to eat.

A. So we have done a lot of baseline work on

amphibians, like you say, frogs and toads. And

certainly they've been found. They are pretty --

actually, on the frog end of the scale, they are

pretty ubiquitous; they are everywhere throughout

the area. And on the toad side, it's a bit more

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1015

sporadic; there's not as many toads around.

As far as the testing, I'll pass that over to

Bart.

A. MR. KOPPE: Yeah, Mr. Malcolm, I'm

actually not aware of clams having been tested at

all. They haven't been monitored. They haven't

been tested for contaminant levels either. Nothing

that I'm aware of.

Q. Have they been found?

A. DR. JALKOTZY: I'm looking down at the

Fisheries side. Certainly on the Terrestrial side,

I'm not aware of any surveys that are being done

for freshwater clams. And I don't think Kasey is

aware of --

A. MR. CLIPPERTON: Kasey Clipperton. I'm

not aware of any specific studies focused directly

on clams. Certainly when benthic samples are

taken, if clams are found, but those would be very

small clams, so. They would be documented and sent

off to the taxonomist for identification. But

that's generally the fairly small clams.

Q. And have any been documented? Because I haven't

seen it.

A. The breakdown of invertebrate species that would be

collected in a benthic sample would be found, so

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1016

your best source for that is likely RAMP. They

collect benthic samples in the Athabasca River.

For this Project specifically, we did not take any

additional benthic samples in the Athabasca River.

Q. Okay. So you don't know if there's any at all?

THE CHAIRMAN: Mr. Malcolm? Excuse me, sir.

MR. MALCOLM: Yes, sir.

THE CHAIRMAN: I thought I had an

arrangement with Ms. Johnston. And we're well past

that. I wonder if you could ask one final question

and we'll conclude for the day.

MR. MALCOLM: Yes, sir, I'll just try and

hone in on what I feel is most important.

Q. I guess I could ask a socio-economic question. In

your EIA, Exhibit 001-051G or 051F -- I'm sorry, it

would be 051G -- basically talks about the housing

situation and Aboriginal peoples.

A. MS. JEFFERSON: Can you just give us a minute

to get the document.

Q. I'm sorry, it's an S. 001-051S.

A. MR. SCHAAF: Which page are you looking

at, Malcolm? Mr. Malcolm? John?

Q. Page 3, 2.2, key questions. And then 2.3, key

indicators. Appendix 6.

A. Okay, yes.

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1017

Q. Do you know how many Aboriginal people own their

own homes?

A. How many Aboriginal people?

Q. In this area, in these surveys that you did with

the people to get these results that aren't on

Reserves.

A. Unfortunately I don't know the number of Aboriginal

people who own their own home who are not on

reserve. I would just suggest that when it comes

to market housing with respect to Aboriginals in

the region, that you might want to take a look

at -- just give me one second here -- at Section

4.4 in the same document that you're looking at.

So there is information there with respect to the

First Nations housing programs, but also with

respect to Aboriginal, Aboriginal people in the

region and their experiences with private market

housing. But I do not have a specific number as to

how many own their own home, I'm afraid.

MR. MALCOLM: Thank you, Mr. Dilay.

THE CHAIRMAN: Thanks, Mr. Malcolm.

MR. MALCOLM: Thank you, gentlemen, Ladies

and Gentlemen.

THE CHAIRMAN: We'll resume at 8:30 tomorrow

morning, Mr. Perkins, with questions from Sierra

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1018

Club Prairie?

MR. PERKINS: Yes, sir, I've been in

contact with Sierra Club's representative and she

actually initiated the contact indicating that she

had questions of Shell. So I suggested to her that

the time was running out for that and if she had an

interest in doing that that she attend tomorrow at

8:30 and she indicated she would do that.

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you, sir.

Thanks everyone. Have a good evening.

(THE HEARING ADJOURNED AT 5:38 P.M.)

(THE HEARING TO RESUME ON FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 2, 2012,

AT 8:30 A.M.)

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1019

REPORTER'S CERTIFICATION

I, Nancy Nielsen, RCR, RPR, CSR(A), Official

Realtime Reporter in the Provinces of British Columbia

and Alberta, Canada, do hereby certify:

That the proceedings were taken down by me in

shorthand at the time and place herein set forth and

thereafter transcribed, and the same is a true and

correct and complete transcript of said proceedings to

the best of my skill and ability.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto subscribed

my name this 1st day of November, 2012.

_____________________________________

Nancy Nielsen, RCR, RPR, CSR(A)

Official Realtime Reporter

#

#175 [1] - 723:17

#468 [1] - 723:13

$

$1700 [1] - 861:10

$22 [1] - 736:24

$735,000 [1] - 861:10

'

'20 [1] - 914:5

'50s [1] - 966:21

'70s [1] - 966:21

'evaluate [2] - 903:10;

904:17

'expand [2] - 903:16; 904:20

'tipping' [1] - 879:14

0

0.1 [2] - 744:17, 19

0.100 [1] - 826:25

0.2 [2] - 857:23; 859:5

0.398 [1] - 826:2

0.6 [1] - 826:19

0.89 [1] - 879:3

001-001 [1] - 993:10

001-001B [1] - 910:11

001-001I [1] - 993:8

001-001K [2] - 993:9;

1006:21

001-002 [1] - 759:18

001-002PT [1] - 758:5

001-006A [1] - 747:24

001-0151E [1] - 742:6

001-015A [2] - 865:10, 17

001-051E [2] - 902:10; 929:4

001-051F [1] - 824:22

001-051G [1] - 1016:15

001-051I [1] - 827:25

001-051M [2] - 753:1, 6

001-051S [2] - 859:20;

1016:20

001-063 [2] - 906:22; 907:6

001-070A [2] - 767:16;

814:25

001-070B [1] - 898:10

001-070J [2] - 776:8; 778:17

001-077 [4] - 727:3; 734:25;

735:7; 879:19

001-078 [4] - 727:6; 734:25;

735:12; 879:19

001-079 [3] - 727:9; 735:1, 18

001-63 [2] - 920:22; 924:22

010-018 [1] - 954:8

010-021 [2] - 727:24; 954:24

011-014 [1] - 884:22

011-016 [1] - 766:23

015 [1] - 865:20

015A [1] - 865:21

017 [3] - 767:1, 7; 831:17

017-0160 [1] - 888:22

017-016T [1] - 831:19

017-021 [5] - 727:11; 766:24;

767:4, 8, 10

017-023 [2] - 727:16; 844:11

017-025 [2] - 727:21; 921:19

017-23 [1] - 844:9

017-24 [2] - 727:20; 888:13

051F [1] - 1016:15

051G [1] - 1016:16

074 [6] - 1001:22; 1002:6;

1010:14; 1011:14; 1012:12

1

1 [19] - 721:16; 723:19;

725:20; 727:7; 729:1;

735:14; 736:4, 6; 745:21,

23; 758:5; 759:18; 777:23;

824:25; 843:13; 994:4;

1008:20

1-33 [2] - 910:12, 19

1-35 [1] - 911:11

1-4 [1] - 781:3

1-9 [1] - 748:2

1.0 [2] - 911:14; 931:6

1.2 [2] - 744:10, 15

1.21 [1] - 879:4

1.3 [8] - 778:22; 816:23;

924:23; 925:1; 994:7, 23

1.3-4 [3] - 910:12, 18; 911:1

1.3.1 [1] - 779:15

1.4 [2] - 743:22; 744:14

1.5 [2] - 781:23; 784:11

1.52 [1] - 879:5

1.7 [2] - 790:5; 794:2

1.9 [1] - 827:12

1.93 [1] - 879:5

10 [23] - 728:9; 773:3;

815:10; 816:4; 819:1;

828:19; 858:24; 860:13,

22; 872:9; 874:22; 876:13;

911:16; 912:4; 914:16;

916:22; 917:21; 977:5;

994:5; 1004:8; 1012:23

10-21 [1] - 954:22

10-year [2] - 765:21; 818:11

100 [19] - 745:13, 15; 771:9,

11, 13; 773:3; 774:14, 23;

775:11, 24; 858:3, 9, 15,

18; 930:20; 931:17, 21;

940:1; 988:14

100,000 [5] - 745:8; 749:25;

761:25; 826:17; 828:25

100,000-barrel-per-day [1] -

824:10

1005 [1] - 728:15

1018 [1] - 726:11

1019 [1] - 721:18

10:00 [1] - 944:22

10:22 [1] - 803:7

11 [2] - 728:13; 886:11

11,200 [1] - 826:12

11,202 [2] - 825:22; 826:9

11.2 [2] - 826:12

116 [1] - 879:9

12 [6] - 728:15; 742:11;

767:16; 961:13; 1004:22

120 [1] - 940:1

12:30 [1] - 859:14

12:35 [3] - 725:24; 876:15, 20

12th [1] - 945:8

13 [6] - 741:11; 762:1;

807:16; 828:3; 925:2;

999:14

13,000 [1] - 929:22

14 [4] - 905:14; 961:10, 14;

993:11

1400 [1] - 839:5

141 [2] - 928:6; 929:9

143 [1] - 929:5

15 [6] - 906:21; 907:8;

910:15; 944:10; 993:14, 22

150 [3] - 824:23; 825:6

151 [1] - 721:24

1554388 [1] - 721:4

158 [1] - 929:1

15th [3] - 767:17; 768:25;

815:1

16 [7] - 734:14; 840:1;

844:18; 845:3; 878:1;

1006:21

169 [2] - 929:1, 22

17 [1] - 939:15

17-022 [3] - 727:13; 814:18,

21

17-024 [1] - 888:10

17-025 [1] - 921:17

174,000 [2] - 875:21; 876:2

179 [1] - 801:8

18 [8] - 736:12; 778:13, 24;

779:11, 14; 857:2; 997:22

189 [1] - 878:6

19 [3] - 721:10; 781:2; 860:17

1950s [2] - 933:21; 934:1

1970s [3] - 966:9; 970:6, 22

1998 [2] - 816:15, 18

1:35 [2] - 725:24; 876:20

1st [5] - 776:13; 832:17;

888:7, 24; 1019:14

Realtime Connection - the Realtime EXPERTS - [email protected]

Shell Jackpine Mine Expansion, Fort McKay, Alberta - Volume 5

1

2

2 [8] - 726:12; 824:21;

856:11; 857:3; 858:14;

859:3, 6; 1018:13

2,000 [1] - 878:6

2.1 [1] - 849:10

2.1.4 [1] - 807:17

2.2 [1] - 1016:23

2.3 [1] - 1016:23

2.3.3.2 [3] - 896:1; 906:23;

907:9

2.6-13 [1] - 759:19

2.6-5 [1] - 758:6

20 [27] - 761:19; 803:8;

850:8; 851:2; 910:16;

911:16, 18, 21; 912:5, 7,

10, 16, 20, 22; 913:12, 16;

916:23; 919:12, 15, 19;

935:12, 15, 20; 946:15;

991:22; 1003:18

20-plus [2] - 880:15

20.583 [1] - 827:11

200,000 [1] - 826:17

200,000-barrel-per-day [1] -

824:9

2000 [4] - 721:7; 994:1, 8

2000s [1] - 837:20

2001 [1] - 861:9

2003 [4] - 762:14; 763:12;

776:10; 817:9

2004 [1] - 831:10

2005 [4] - 776:12, 21; 827:19;

954:8

2006 [1] - 827:20

2007 [15] - 727:10; 734:13;

735:19; 736:23; 737:23;

738:5; 770:12; 816:15, 22;

954:1, 10, 14; 959:11

2008 [8] - 749:24; 758:5;

759:11; 760:2; 768:4;

843:21; 915:10; 948:2

2009 [12] - 733:15; 736:23;

747:22; 748:2; 766:17;

808:9, 13; 815:13; 845:12;

847:2; 848:11; 868:6

2009/2010 [1] - 812:16

2010 [15] - 727:12, 16;

764:18; 766:21; 767:11;

808:6, 14; 817:11-13;

843:23; 844:11; 847:17;

875:20, 22

2011 [6] - 804:21; 865:9, 15,

25; 879:3; 951:12

2012 [45] - 721:10, 16;

726:12; 727:4, 7, 9;

728:14; 729:1; 735:8, 14,

19; 742:7; 753:8; 766:5;

767:17; 776:13, 19;

824:24; 825:13; 859:21;

862:19; 881:2; 885:21, 25;

886:13; 902:10; 903:23;

906:20; 907:8; 913:3;

920:21; 924:21; 925:25;

928:6, 10; 930:15; 933:10,

19; 939:1, 4, 8; 1018:13;

1019:14

2012-22 [1] - 832:4

2013 [4] - 915:18, 25; 916:12

2014 [1] - 916:14

2015 [2] - 879:4; 916:14

2017 [3] - 828:11, 18

2018 [9] - 761:9, 13, 15, 25;

817:20; 828:11, 13, 18;

928:3

2020 [9] - 743:16, 18; 744:9,

14; 745:3; 747:4; 875:24;

876:4; 879:5

2025 [4] - 829:21, 23; 879:5;

1003:21

2030 [3] - 744:10, 14; 745:3

2040 [1] - 1003:24

205 [1] - 829:19

2050 [6] - 757:13; 793:16;

929:20; 930:1; 1003:24

2054 [3] - 757:10; 761:7, 9

2055 [2] - 1003:18, 25

2065 [1] - 989:5

21 [6] - 840:1, 3, 5, 7; 850:24;

864:13

213 [1] - 807:18

215 [1] - 878:5

22 [6] - 781:23; 783:25;

827:9; 840:1; 860:16

22-23 [1] - 815:3

23 [4] - 785:19, 21; 827:9;

844:9

23.7 [1] - 753:11

238 [1] - 736:11

24 [1] - 790:3

25 [6] - 727:10; 735:19;

754:5; 773:3; 834:25;

835:1

26 [2] - 812:12, 14

26th [1] - 733:15

27 [2] - 812:12; 939:1

27B [1] - 868:10

28 [4] - 748:14; 831:21;

832:1, 21

2A [1] - 733:3

3

3 [6] - 792:25; 847:17;

910:11; 928:24; 993:11;

1016:23

3-11 [1] - 874:14

3-12 [1] - 742:9

3-141 [2] - 928:21

3-23 [7] - 902:16, 22; 903:25;

904:1; 913:4, 8

3-37 [1] - 928:25

3-41 [1] - 928:25

3-85 [1] - 902:20

3.1 [3] - 844:18; 845:3, 6

3.2 [4] - 743:16; 766:7;

825:12; 828:1

3.2-1 [2] - 766:8; 828:2

3.2-2 [2] - 766:6; 828:5

3.2.6 [1] - 865:22

3.2.6.1 [3] - 865:22; 866:4;

868:22

3.3-6 [1] - 939:3

3.32 [1] - 993:22

3.4 [1] - 826:24

3.4.1 [2] - 736:11, 15

3.54 [1] - 827:5

3.6 [3] - 753:8; 766:5

30 [9] - 732:17, 22; 753:13;

765:6, 17-18; 856:3, 5;

887:25

300,000 [1] - 823:13

31 [6] - 727:4, 9; 735:8, 19;

852:15, 19

32 [1] - 859:23

35.3 [1] - 857:4

354 [1] - 794:21

356,000 [1] - 938:21

38 [1] - 793:17

39 [1] - 748:2

3:00 [1] - 944:21

3:20 [1] - 946:15

3RD [2] - 727:16; 844:11

3rd [1] - 843:23

4

4 [3] - 848:13; 890:16; 959:11

4,000 [1] - 873:22

4,400 [2] - 870:3; 872:23

4-2 [1] - 770:13

4-26 [1] - 886:21

4-7 [1] - 877:10

4.1.1 [2] - 864:12, 14

4.2-1 [3] - 753:1, 6; 755:13

4.4 [2] - 858:21; 1017:13

4.4.1 [2] - 851:12, 23

4.4.1.3 [1] - 860:24

4.5.2.2 [1] - 863:16

4.6 [2] - 743:18, 20

40 [6] - 747:17; 752:22;

753:22; 795:7; 877:13;

972:20

40-year-life [1] - 823:17

42-seater [1] - 878:4

43 [1] - 932:10

45 [4] - 840:20, 24; 994:1, 17

46 [2] - 928:13; 933:10

46-1 [3] - 928:7, 9; 929:11

46-2 [2] - 929:12

47 [3] - 759:19; 848:12; 932:8

470 [1] - 868:8

486 [1] - 877:10

49 [1] - 988:23

4B [1] - 877:9

5

5 [8] - 721:17; 852:9, 11;

886:22; 890:7, 13, 16

5,000 [1] - 930:2

5.0 [1] - 961:6

5.1-8 [1] - 877:10

5.1.2 [2] - 852:15, 21

50 [7] - 773:3; 774:24; 815:9;

891:15; 892:8; 931:12;

968:9

500,000 [1] - 816:19

500-metre [1] - 898:23

52 [1] - 721:10

54 [1] - 863:16

55 [1] - 759:19

56 [3] - 906:23; 907:10, 15

575 [1] - 868:9

58 [1] - 846:6

59540 [1] - 721:5

5:38 [2] - 726:11; 1018:12

5C5 [1] - 721:25

5th [1] - 944:21

6

6 [9] - 736:11; 742:14;

745:18; 767:18; 778:10;

859:22; 890:15; 1001:13;

1016:24

6-1 [4] - 742:10, 14, 16;

747:2

6.1.1 [2] - 801:9, 16

6.33 [1] - 832:1

6.4 [1] - 753:12

6.5 [2] - 959:11; 961:6

60,242 [1] - 939:7

60-odd [1] - 738:1

60-plus-percent [1] - 933:13

60-year [1] - 931:12

600 [1] - 877:12

61 [1] - 865:25

62 [1] - 868:19

63 [4] - 866:7, 18, 25; 868:17

66 [3] - 865:11, 18, 25



2

7

7,000 [1] - 929:23

7.5 [1] - 860:12

70 [2] - 872:21; 968:9

721 [1] - 721:18

727 [1] - 878:5

730 [1] - 725:3

732 [1] - 725:18

735 [3] - 727:3, 6, 9

736 [1] - 725:20

737 [1] - 873:5

737s [4] - 872:25; 873:2, 11;

878:4

74 [2] - 1002:1; 1004:12

740 [1] - 725:22

75 [2] - 880:18; 930:2

759 [1] - 728:3

767 [1] - 727:11

7Q10 [5] - 851:16; 852:2;

858:2, 8

7th [3] - 804:20; 906:20;

907:7

8

8 [5] - 728:3; 758:16; 849:10,

12; 1001:13

8.1 [2] - 921:24; 922:1

80 [2] - 895:11

80,000 [2] - 856:17, 23

80-plus-percent [1] - 895:1

814 [1] - 727:13

842 [1] - 728:7

844 [1] - 727:16

85 [2] - 851:13; 939:4

866 [1] - 930:6

87 [1] - 858:19

875 [1] - 728:9

876 [1] - 725:24

877 [1] - 726:1

88 [5] - 791:9, 14; 839:21;

997:16; 1003:12

88-seater [1] - 878:4

880 [1] - 726:3

887 [1] - 728:13

888 [1] - 727:20

89 [5] - 791:10, 14; 839:21;

997:16; 1003:13

8:30 [5] - 726:12; 729:2;

1017:24; 1018:8, 14

9

9 [3] - 728:7; 841:7; 1008:17

9-5 [1] - 794:21

90 [7] - 857:6, 11; 870:8,

17-18; 875:7; 880:18

921 [1] - 727:21

944 [1] - 726:4

946 [1] - 726:6

947 [1] - 726:7

95 [2] - 852:2, 8

953 [1] - 726:9

954 [1] - 727:24

955 [1] - 726:10

9th [3] - 944:25; 945:12, 19

A

A-2 [1] - 825:1

A-6 [1] - 825:10

a.. [1] - 788:1

A.M [3] - 726:12; 729:2;

1018:14

a.m [1] - 944:22

A2 [1] - 825:20

AADT [1] - 868:13

AADTs [1] - 868:9

abeyance [1] - 920:16

ability [14] - 729:13; 748:24;

750:14; 803:14; 805:13;

806:19; 813:20; 820:16,

21, 24; 841:13; 896:17;

943:11; 1019:11

able [40] - 733:5, 10-11;

740:25; 748:5; 749:14,

20-21, 24; 750:4; 769:25;

770:2; 772:19; 796:10;

798:20, 24; 800:13;

809:18; 822:11; 857:16;

859:13; 865:18; 877:1;

886:5; 899:1; 910:7; 913:4;

922:4; 926:6; 933:5;

951:17; 964:3; 971:19;

986:17; 988:5; 989:7;

991:12; 1003:15

ABMI [6] - 894:17, 23; 895:5,

18; 897:12; 898:9

Aboriginal [14] - 737:22;

859:25; 860:2; 861:5, 15;

865:3; 989:16; 1016:17;

1017:1, 3, 7, 16

Aboriginals [1] - 1017:10

absence [3] - 915:22;

916:17; 918:17

absolute [1] - 939:24

absolutely [1] - 964:5

absorb [1] - 896:18

absorption [1] - 789:14

abundance [1] - 898:6

abundant [3] - 963:21;

966:7; 970:11

accelerating [1] - 1003:23

accept [1] - 813:11

acceptable [5] - 771:25;

945:6, 17, 22; 962:11

accepted [4] - 762:16;

812:22; 914:3; 942:25

accepting [1] - 760:14

access [3] - 738:16; 943:9

accident [2] - 868:25; 869:7

accidents [2] - 865:9; 868:17

accommodate [4] - 973:23;

987:11, 21; 1002:6

accommodation [1] - 876:9

accord [3] - 765:25; 847:20;

863:10

accordance [2] - 763:1;

859:3

according [3] - 755:19;

790:10; 837:4

accordingly [1] - 859:11

account [10] - 855:13;

884:18; 917:19; 918:3, 8;

920:14; 924:16; 939:18;

940:8; 945:16

accounted [1] - 843:4

accounting [1] - 874:7

accrue [1] - 922:15

accumulation [1] - 999:6

accurate [6] - 745:13;

835:12, 14; 863:12; 873:4;

968:7

ACFN [6] - 727:3, 5, 7; 735:7,

9, 15

achievable [1] - 847:7

achieve [4] - 951:14, 17;

976:11

achieved [1] - 833:20

achieving [2] - 770:9, 23

acid [4] - 765:19; 802:4;

830:13; 991:17

Acid [1] - 831:7

acids [5] - 765:22; 766:2, 13;

802:20; 848:24

acknowledges [4] - 813:17;

845:19; 846:13; 853:7

Act [1] - 911:24

ACT [3] - 721:7, 10

Act.. [1] - 913:22

actions [3] - 903:19; 904:23;

906:6

active [3] - 789:13; 930:8;

991:23

actively [2] - 836:16; 871:8

activities [6] - 813:22; 923:1;

930:9; 950:22; 974:19;

975:18

activity [3] - 963:21; 967:14;

975:25

actual [9] - 836:8; 844:21;

867:21; 879:3; 890:6;

902:13; 906:13; 919:16;

996:10

acutely [2] - 861:17, 20

Adams [1] - 722:7

adapt [1] - 933:4

Adaptive [3] - 781:23;

911:23; 913:20

adaptive [17] - 785:17, 20,

25; 786:5, 10, 23; 787:22;

789:10; 793:23; 794:6;

795:17; 796:11; 797:8, 22;

799:1; 857:14

adaptively [1] - 796:2

add [11] - 823:3; 824:4;

840:22; 884:13; 931:9;

936:17; 958:10; 996:21;

997:13; 1001:2; 1013:25

adding [2] - 744:3; 834:13

addition [6] - 736:18; 803:19;

824:6; 917:18; 990:13, 20

additional [11] - 806:16;

811:19; 848:23; 856:17,

22; 857:1; 862:6; 863:24;

969:19; 978:16; 1016:4

additionally [1] - 858:6

address [6] - 750:14; 799:11;

903:17; 904:21; 906:5;

953:22

addressed [2] - 845:25;

937:6

addressing [1] - 864:10

adequate [3] - 768:14;

788:24; 789:16

adhere [1] - 729:8

adjacent [2] - 791:1; 792:13

adjoining [1] - 991:7

ADJOURNED [2] - 726:11;

1018:12

adjournment [3] - 803:10;

876:19; 946:17

ADJOURNMENT [2] -

725:24; 726:6

adjust [4] - 748:20; 749:21;

751:7; 859:11

adjusting [3] - 751:10, 14;

797:10

admitted [1] - 1005:16

adobe [1] - 748:14

adopting [1] - 1002:17

adults [1] - 978:1

advance [5] - 757:4; 795:14;

836:4; 1003:10; 1004:5

advanced [1] - 948:25

advancing [1] - 1003:13

advantage [4] - 934:8, 10,

21; 975:3

adverse [8] - 785:13; 880:21;

882:2; 883:1; 893:22;

894:11; 933:17, 25

advice [1] - 987:3

advisable [1] - 1008:14

advise [3] - 733:3, 14; 946:8

advised [1] - 945:20



3

advocate [1] - 797:6

advocated [1] - 795:12

advocates [1] - 795:16

AENV [3] - 853:7, 18; 947:14

aerial [2] - 958:18, 20

aerodrome [11] - 869:21, 24;

870:6, 9, 11, 19; 871:14;

872:16; 873:2, 16; 877:19

Affairs [1] - 722:12

affect [11] - 861:13; 959:14;

961:9, 15; 962:2; 966:25;

967:2; 981:15, 25;

1000:19, 24

affected [11] - 756:13;

883:19; 894:6, 10; 922:9;

936:11, 15; 960:22;

963:20; 964:12

affects [1] - 959:5

AFFIRMED [2] - 725:4;

730:21

affordable [1] - 788:6

afield [2] - 783:14; 822:19

afraid [2] - 868:20; 1017:19

Afshan [1] - 722:19

AFTERNOON [1] - 726:6

afternoon [4] - 876:22, 24;

946:17; 958:2

agencies [1] - 864:10

AGENCY [3] - 721:5; 722:6

Agency [1] - 821:21

ago [9] - 797:10; 815:9;

919:24; 934:13; 943:8;

971:22; 997:17; 998:22;

999:16

agree [55] - 745:15; 752:6;

754:12; 776:25; 777:15,

22; 780:12; 782:12;

785:11, 19; 792:24;

802:16; 806:20; 807:4;

809:24; 810:5, 9, 18;

811:4, 8, 24; 812:1, 5;

816:18; 817:16; 820:2;

833:10; 837:17; 846:5;

850:4, 18; 854:19; 860:18;

861:19, 22; 884:23;

891:22; 892:8, 10; 900:12,

16; 916:3; 936:12; 938:9;

940:8, 10; 941:6, 10, 20;

959:24; 961:1, 3; 972:15;

973:4; 1010:24

agreeable [2] - 762:3; 859:16

agreed [5] - 730:5; 739:24;

762:15; 845:5; 858:20

agrees [3] - 767:22; 807:24;

808:19

Aguas [1] - 722:14

ahead [12] - 730:8; 886:23;

887:18; 914:22, 25; 919:8;

924:17; 929:10; 945:9;

946:22; 954:16; 955:2

aim [1] - 979:19

aimed [1] - 970:13

air [27] - 804:14; 811:5, 9, 13,

23; 815:6, 11; 816:2;

820:2, 18, 22; 821:2, 13;

822:14, 19; 832:10; 833:7;

845:7; 874:3, 6, 8; 900:10;

910:19; 911:4; 942:22;

956:1

Air [2] - 825:8; 831:23

airborne [1] - 808:9

aircraft [1] - 878:3

airport [5] - 866:22; 870:4;

871:13, 19, 21

airstrip [2] - 873:6, 8

al [8] - 766:17; 808:3, 8;

809:13; 812:16; 813:12,

20; 815:12

al.'s [1] - 807:25

ALBERTA [7] - 721:2, 11;

725:20; 727:17; 736:4;

844:12

Alberta [49] - 721:24; 723:18,

24; 733:16; 738:5; 739:14;

747:14; 762:17, 23;

782:17; 791:23; 804:5, 7,

18; 806:10, 18; 807:10;

812:23; 831:6; 832:17;

838:6; 843:15, 19, 24;

845:18; 846:7, 12; 847:5,

18, 23; 848:12; 854:11, 17;

855:2; 856:16; 859:8;

863:4; 884:16; 909:22;

934:19; 948:5; 952:21;

953:11; 954:1; 961:6;

987:8; 997:4; 1019:5

Albian [2] - 870:25; 992:19

ALCES [4] - 888:21; 941:25;

942:1; 943:1

Alex [1] - 722:4

alleviate [2] - 992:18; 1008:4

allow [6] - 790:15; 791:3, 17;

800:11; 809:2; 989:21

allowing [1] - 955:6

allows [3] - 750:9; 751:10;

796:21

alluded [1] - 818:3

alluding [1] - 864:9

almost [2] - 906:25; 929:22

alone [1] - 824:5

alphabetical [1] - 723:5

ALSO [4] - 727:18; 728:6;

758:21; 844:15

alternate [1] - 836:17

alternative [6] - 783:1; 793:1,

19; 796:9; 836:10; 889:15

Alternatives [1] - 794:3

alternatives [13] - 782:25;

788:12, 15; 790:4; 793:8;

794:14; 796:4, 12, 23;

797:1; 798:2; 799:5

Amanda [1] - 722:12

AMANDA [1] - 734:25

ambient [5] - 815:6, 10;

822:19; 832:10, 23

amended [1] - 856:9

amendment [1] - 824:5

Amendment [1] - 740:23

America [3] - 744:21; 949:20;

950:5

American [1] - 742:16

amount [14] - 733:25; 736:9;

745:14; 810:17; 811:5, 9;

822:11; 825:17; 838:24;

871:9; 883:19; 960:14;

992:5; 1008:25

amphibians [1] - 1014:21

AN [2] - 728:13; 886:11

analogous [2] - 770:18;

775:13

analogy [2] - 955:17

analysis [6] - 770:8; 774:7;

815:9; 883:7; 900:19;

947:17

AND [28] - 721:3, 5-6, 8-9,

11; 725:18, 20-21; 726:1;

727:18; 728:5, 11-12, 16;

732:1; 736:5; 758:19;

844:14; 874:24; 875:1;

877:3; 1004:24

animal [1] - 957:15

animals [5] - 771:3; 772:16;

842:13; 957:14

Anna [2] - 723:15; 724:11

ANNA [6] - 729:11, 15;

730:4, 9, 16, 18

announced [1] - 936:20

announcement [1] - 950:18

annual [3] - 737:16; 757:8;

868:9

annually [3] - 757:23;

804:12; 949:7

ANNUALLY [2] - 728:5;

758:19

answer [24] - 762:12; 765:2;

772:5; 774:1; 775:6, 9, 12;

779:12; 789:5; 811:3;

812:3; 821:18; 830:4;

863:15; 905:18; 920:11;

934:23; 942:15; 943:3;

975:7, 10; 986:1; 988:7

answer's [1] - 826:23

answered [3] - 897:24;

985:22; 1006:13

answering [2] - 805:2;

912:15

anticipate [5] - 871:18;

886:5; 927:10; 997:7;

1005:20

anticipated [3] - 794:8;

916:9; 937:22

anticipating [1] - 929:20

anyway [2] - 767:19; 819:13

Anzac [1] - 972:5

APEGGA [1] - 764:18

apologies [6] - 832:6; 850:3;

902:21; 920:24; 929:8;

993:18

apologize [3] - 818:6;

832:13; 876:12

appear [6] - 730:10; 844:21;

934:19; 936:15; 966:15

APPEARANCES [1] - 722:1

appendices [1] - 928:20

appendix [1] - 766:18

Appendix [16] - 736:11;

753:8; 766:5; 770:12;

824:25; 825:12; 828:1;

831:1, 18; 859:22; 874:14;

877:10; 889:4; 1016:24

applicable [1] - 760:13

APPLICANT [1] - 723:1

applicants [1] - 833:2

application [5] - 853:11, 13,

19; 856:22; 1007:11

Application [22] - 740:24;

748:7; 749:7; 758:4; 762:8;

788:14; 823:4, 12; 839:24;

854:3; 856:7, 25; 860:4;

885:13; 902:2; 925:25;

927:8; 933:23; 939:9;

940:5; 941:1; 962:7

APPLICATION [3] - 721:4;

727:20; 888:13

applied [9] - 762:25; 827:19;

857:3; 898:12; 899:13;

908:13; 912:12; 919:5;

967:9

applies [3] - 854:20; 863:13;

917:13

apply [11] - 822:3; 833:12;

855:1; 864:2; 865:3, 5;

881:14; 893:14; 917:21;

919:11

applying [4] - 823:3; 882:11;

893:20; 908:10

appointed [2] - 804:17;

806:17

appointing [1] - 812:23

appreciate [3] - 739:9;

803:23; 1004:14

approach [12] - 750:2;

782:19, 22-23; 786:12;

811:17; 899:13; 901:2;

918:1; 1000:16; 1001:1

approaching [1] - 1002:3

appropriate [13] - 796:24;

797:21; 810:8; 847:7;

849:13; 899:8, 11; 903:4;

904:10; 911:3; 917:23;



4

920:13, 16

approval [6] - 762:4; 799:17,

23; 817:23; 853:11; 856:16

approved [15] - 753:17;

817:17; 823:3, 7; 824:7;

831:9; 832:16; 849:16, 19,

21-22; 859:6; 997:12;

1007:12, 18

approximate [2] - 809:2, 18

Aquatic [1] - 850:8

aquatic [14] - 763:2; 767:25;

768:6; 770:15; 839:7;

842:17, 20; 850:5, 11, 20,

22; 930:6; 964:20; 986:23

aquatics [2] - 900:10; 993:7

Aquatics [1] - 805:22

aquifer [16] - 993:12, 15, 24;

994:25; 995:3, 8-9, 14, 17,

19; 996:22; 1000:9, 14;

1006:5

aquifers [5] - 996:24; 1000:7,

18

arbitrary [2] - 851:5, 9

arctic [10] - 962:18; 963:19;

965:4; 976:13, 15, 17, 20;

977:11; 979:17; 982:7

ARE [2] - 728:14; 886:13

area [84] - 740:21; 752:20;

753:10; 754:21, 25; 755:6;

756:14, 18; 769:23;

791:14; 812:20; 814:7;

826:19, 22; 840:18;

841:25; 843:2; 867:2;

877:11; 883:23; 886:19;

891:21; 892:3, 9, 19;

893:4; 894:4, 19, 22;

898:22; 899:5; 901:25;

909:16; 915:14; 917:16;

923:13; 934:12; 942:18;

943:6, 11; 955:22; 956:2,

4-5, 11; 964:14; 965:8, 18;

967:13; 968:5, 20, 23;

969:12, 22, 25; 971:18;

972:5; 977:2, 19; 978:11;

979:18, 22; 986:14;

990:10; 991:23; 993:16;

995:3, 5, 23; 999:25;

1005:22; 1007:24;

1009:22, 24; 1012:9, 24;

1014:25; 1017:4

Area [22] - 842:2, 4; 876:8;

893:7; 898:22; 899:10;

900:15, 25; 901:1, 5, 8, 17;

917:15, 23; 934:14;

942:17; 956:9; 978:8;

995:1; 998:5

areas [33] - 746:15; 761:12;

842:1; 880:6; 890:24;

892:6; 895:11; 911:4;

917:19; 933:7-9; 936:5;

942:22; 962:2; 964:4, 7, 9;

965:11, 16, 22; 966:1, 11;

967:6; 969:18; 977:10;

982:20; 991:18; 998:2, 4

Areas [1] - 900:12

argument [2] - 729:13, 24

arise [2] - 795:10

aromatic [1] - 810:15

aromatics [2] - 808:15, 21

arrange [1] - 874:3

arrangement [1] - 1016:9

arrive [1] - 871:20

arriving [2] - 872:15; 873:2

aside [2] - 895:17; 953:9

aspect [2] - 800:14; 939:21

aspects [17] - 789:11; 821:1,

4, 9, 22; 822:13; 900:11;

918:7, 9, 11; 919:2-4, 23;

941:25; 942:1

aspiration [5] - 951:5, 13,

15; 952:6; 1013:3

aspirational [5] - 950:7;

951:11, 19-20; 953:4

aspirations [1] - 950:15

aspire [1] - 952:25

ASRD [4] - 804:7, 12; 947:14

assemblage [1] - 973:6

assess [14] - 786:9; 793:7,

10, 17; 794:10; 795:13, 19;

841:12; 850:12; 883:8, 12;

900:6; 911:2

assessed [12] - 770:22;

786:11; 788:8, 12; 790:21;

795:6; 798:14; 888:3;

891:11; 903:2; 904:8;

927:25

assessed.. [1] - 904:4

assessing [5] - 824:14;

841:20; 842:17; 906:9, 11

assessment [59] - 788:17;

789:21; 807:2; 809:2, 19;

811:15; 824:24; 827:17;

829:20; 830:14; 840:9, 13;

841:20, 25; 842:15, 21;

865:8, 17; 867:10; 874:6,

8, 13; 881:5; 882:10;

885:12, 24; 887:7; 897:6;

900:10; 905:8, 23; 907:12;

908:19; 910:4; 912:6, 12;

917:1; 918:7, 23; 919:6,

10; 925:8, 21; 926:8, 20;

933:17, 24; 939:19, 25;

940:18; 942:14; 943:2, 17,

20; 959:1, 9; 968:11;

970:14

Assessment [17] - 750:19,

25; 751:3; 831:1; 840:10;

849:7; 865:8; 868:14;

883:2; 902:3; 904:16;

911:24; 913:22; 941:13;

957:24; 958:9; 1010:19

ASSESSMENT [5] - 721:5,

10; 722:6; 728:14; 886:12

assessments [5] - 785:3;

881:13; 902:7; 906:17;

908:6

assist [3] - 783:5; 889:7;

893:24

associated [11] - 752:1;

753:17; 770:9; 862:9;

869:14; 894:1, 3; 949:16;

979:25; 980:18; 981:21

Association [1] - 723:12

assume [3] - 738:2; 785:9;

829:7

assumed [3] - 824:15; 834:5;

969:13

assumes [2] - 821:25;

889:22

assuming [4] - 744:1, 24;

843:11; 858:2

assumption [2] - 972:13, 15

assumptions [5] - 750:20;

822:1, 6

assured [1] - 789:2

AT [5] - 721:15; 726:11;

1018:12, 14

ATHABASCA [2] - 727:14;

814:22

Athabasca [45] - 723:7;

733:2; 740:19, 22; 741:4,

21, 23; 742:2; 804:19;

808:5; 831:16; 832:3, 15;

856:1, 9, 18, 23; 857:10;

858:9; 867:5; 869:22;

888:20; 889:8; 915:11;

924:15; 942:9; 947:25;

951:2; 963:11; 965:6;

972:21; 977:20; 979:23;

980:13; 981:6, 10, 14;

982:1; 990:3; 998:24;

1012:15; 1014:12; 1016:2,

4

atmosphere [1] - 960:13

atmospheric [2] - 960:2, 5

attached [1] - 794:20

attachment [2] - 825:9;

864:7

Attachment [3] - 825:8, 13;

862:23

attachments [1] - 816:12

attempt [2] - 974:21; 976:1

attempted [2] - 853:16;

971:2

attempting [1] - 869:19

attend [1] - 1018:7

attendance [2] - 946:9

attention [3] - 755:13; 813:9;

879:9

Attorney [2] - 723:8, 23

attract [3] - 935:3, 5, 22

attracting [1] - 935:22

attributable [2] - 824:17;

826:20

attribute [1] - 826:8

audio [1] - 729:7

augment [2] - 978:19; 1001:5

AUGUST [2] - 727:16; 844:11

August [5] - 817:13; 843:23;

847:17; 906:21; 907:8

Austin [1] - 722:21

Australia [1] - 783:15

author [3] - 777:23; 786:15;

860:7

authors [6] - 777:16, 22;

787:10; 795:12; 799:6;

801:17

available [25] - 741:3; 764:2,

10, 12; 771:22; 783:4;

793:25; 804:6; 830:1;

862:16; 883:21, 24; 897:1;

909:13, 16; 926:11, 19, 23;

927:15; 929:18; 942:19;

946:3; 968:22; 978:21;

979:13

average [8] - 753:24; 754:6;

868:9; 891:13; 950:4;

951:3, 15; 953:6

averages [1] - 861:10

avoid [8] - 782:24; 786:18;

794:4; 811:22; 924:8;

975:20, 23

avoidance [1] - 783:3

avoided [1] - 923:3

avoiding [1] - 936:3

aware [17] - 763:11; 764:8;

790:12; 833:14; 843:11;

899:15, 17; 901:24;

917:25; 976:13; 985:15;

1002:6; 1015:5, 8, 12, 14,

16

B

B.C [1] - 872:11

back-flooded [1] - 963:23

backed [1] - 897:9

backfill [4] - 790:8; 791:20;

792:7, 10

backfilled [1] - 792:21

backfilling [1] - 791:3

background [1] - 889:7

backstop) [1] - 847:4

backyard [1] - 901:3

bacteria [1] - 771:3

bad [2] - 769:19; 986:16

Bakken [1] - 746:15

balance [3] - 747:16, 18;

1011:5



5

balanced [1] - 729:22

balancing [1] - 747:7

ballpark [2] - 827:6; 939:11

Band [1] - 723:17

bang [1] - 931:18

banks [1] - 835:2

bar [3] - 828:10

bard [1] - 932:9

Barge [2] - 1008:17; 1009:1

barrels [11] - 744:10; 745:8;

749:25; 762:1; 816:19, 24;

817:16; 823:13; 828:25;

879:3

barrier [2] - 975:14

BART [2] - 725:7; 731:1

Bart [3] - 773:21, 25; 1015:3

basal [11] - 993:12, 15, 24;

994:25; 995:3, 8, 13, 17,

19; 996:22; 997:1

base [12] - 763:20; 764:1, 19;

765:19; 796:20; 797:6;

800:8; 804:3; 823:2;

998:19; 999:13; 1005:9

Base [2] - 823:6; 933:10

based [33] - 747:1; 775:12,

17; 776:17; 798:22;

800:10; 811:17; 821:15,

19, 25; 822:2; 823:20, 23;

824:17; 852:11; 856:13;

871:8; 882:12; 892:3;

897:7; 900:19; 910:4, 6;

914:3; 926:20, 22, 24;

927:5; 970:5; 986:8; 996:8;

997:6

baseline [11] - 889:20;

891:13; 958:6, 19; 969:5,

14; 972:25; 978:16, 18;

980:19; 1014:20

basic [1] - 752:13

Basin [1] - 843:9

basin [7] - 837:1; 838:17;

841:21, 24; 849:10; 854:8;

963:11

basis [6] - 730:8; 871:23;

877:18; 917:6; 948:7;

949:10

basket [5] - 949:19; 950:5,

22; 951:4, 15

bay [1] - 993:2

BE [2] - 728:12; 874:25

beach [1] - 1009:8

bear [1] - 867:14

beaver [7] - 963:21, 23;

966:12, 15; 979:7; 990:5

BECAUSE [2] - 728:6;

758:21

become [2] - 773:12; 780:8

bedrock [1] - 779:24

bedroom [1] - 861:10

beds [1] - 978:24

BEEN [4] - 728:4, 8; 758:17;

841:8

beg [1] - 956:8

began [2] - 862:14; 927:21

begin [2] - 927:13; 975:12

beginning [6] - 804:10;

925:23; 927:11; 976:17;

992:13

begins [1] - 927:20

begun [1] - 1009:13

behalf [8] - 724:5, 10-11;

739:17, 25; 777:12; 920:11

behind [2] - 882:4; 995:16

believes [4] - 732:10; 765:14;

811:11; 847:5

BELL [2] - 725:7; 731:2

below [6] - 743:9; 852:1;

858:19; 892:7; 914:16;

993:22

benchmarks [2] - 762:25;

763:7

beneficial [3] - 810:2, 4

benefit [5] - 733:6; 749:9;

751:22; 972:4; 986:12

benefits [5] - 752:7; 989:7;

1011:14, 16, 20

benthic [4] - 1015:17, 25;

1016:2, 4

Bertolin [1] - 723:18

best [19] - 765:2; 769:14;

775:12, 17, 22; 783:1,

19-20; 786:16; 833:4;

835:5; 854:24; 882:6;

883:21; 896:25; 926:10,

19; 1016:1; 1019:11

better [9] - 759:17; 772:10;

803:14; 913:3; 918:22;

944:13; 948:8; 955:25

between [31] - 736:23;

743:21; 744:9; 745:2;

760:11; 761:9; 777:17;

778:3, 8; 779:18; 780:13;

803:17; 828:11, 16-17;

878:1; 880:17; 903:18;

904:22; 925:24; 939:7;

1000:12; 1003:25;

1004:11, 19; 1007:6;

1008:18; 1009:10;

1011:23; 1012:19

BETWEEN [2] - 728:16;

1004:23

Bevan [1] - 722:18

beyond [1] - 846:15

Biem [1] - 723:7

Biftu [1] - 852:4

BIFTU [3] - 725:8; 731:4;

852:6

Big [2] - 990:13, 15

big [10] - 794:23; 832:4, 8;

868:2; 872:20; 890:8, 15;

1012:18, 24

bigger [2] - 1010:4; 1011:4

biggest [3] - 943:9; 1008:25;

1010:7

Bill [1] - 1005:18

BILL [2] - 725:15; 731:17

billions [3] - 790:11; 798:3

bio [1] - 773:14

bio-remediate [1] - 773:14

Biodiversity [2] - 831:23;

890:13

biodiversity [10] - 891:10;

893:3, 8, 18; 894:10, 22;

915:16, 22; 916:14; 920:1

biological [1] - 977:6

biologically [1] - 991:3

biota [3] - 768:16, 18; 771:1

Birch [1] - 849:22

Birchall [1] - 722:7

bird [6] - 894:2, 24; 898:6;

909:21; 932:16

birds [2] - 734:14; 894:20

Bishop [8] - 723:19; 736:1;

739:11; 945:25; 946:23;

954:4, 6, 18

BISHOP [12] - 725:21; 726:9;

736:2, 6-7; 739:8; 946:1;

953:19; 954:5, 11, 14

Bishop's [1] - 733:16

bit [19] - 732:8; 741:15;

763:5; 786:22; 792:10;

878:21; 880:7; 920:19;

923:25; 938:16; 943:12;

966:1; 977:5; 979:1;

983:14, 17; 989:25;

1009:15; 1014:25

Bitumen [5] - 742:22; 743:5,

15

bitumen [6] - 742:24; 744:10;

745:3; 747:3; 890:25

Bitumen" [1] - 743:6

Black [1] - 722:12

BLACK [1] - 734:25

black [3] - 829:17; 932:10,

16

blanket [1] - 967:8

block [1] - 974:16

BLOISE [2] - 725:12; 731:11

blow [1] - 1009:10

blowing [2] - 1009:23

BOARD [3] - 721:4, 11; 722:9

Board [5] - 722:10; 759:11;

789:22; 863:2

Bob [1] - 722:12

body [5] - 741:11; 754:22;

755:11; 800:7; 1003:12

boilers [1] - 828:7

bolded [1] - 743:2

Bolton [1] - 722:4

Bonesies [1] - 971:23

book [1] - 994:10

borders [1] - 999:6

bottlenecking [1] - 750:2

bottom [10] - 744:16; 755:14;

812:14; 958:24; 965:22;

980:11; 993:21, 23;

1005:12

bound [1] - 826:4

boundaries [6] - 903:16;

904:20; 905:21; 906:2, 4,

13

boundary [2] - 898:23; 901:1

Boutin [1] - 949:2

bowl [1] - 999:24

Boychuk [1] - 722:16

brackets [1] - 910:15

Bradley [2] - 833:15; 834:3

bravely [1] - 748:4

break [7] - 801:7; 803:3, 21;

804:15; 944:7, 13; 953:21

breakdown [2] - 929:17;

1015:24

breaks [1] - 958:12

breeding [2] - 909:21

bridge [2] - 867:6; 869:23

briefly [4] - 739:23; 933:15;

944:17; 949:11

bring [8] - 737:25; 753:2;

830:2; 872:23; 873:25;

885:9; 994:19

BRINGING [2] - 728:12;

875:1

bringing [2] - 834:24; 875:5

British [1] - 1019:4

broached [1] - 909:11

broad [1] - 744:23

broader [2] - 744:8; 986:20

broadhurst [1] - 801:6

Broadhurst [12] - 738:15, 17;

740:7; 741:7; 747:1; 748:6;

750:12; 751:5; 797:24;

799:16; 835:25

BROADHURST [10] - 725:16;

731:19; 738:18; 762:7;

782:14; 795:20; 866:2;

878:12; 920:11; 949:17

BROCK [2] - 725:13; 731:13

brought [3] - 783:16, 18;

885:10

Buffalo [6] - 724:3; 753:25;

863:7; 876:1; 880:13;

917:14

buffers [2] - 967:5; 991:19

build [3] - 901:2; 992:12;

1009:6

building [2] - 873:20; 992:19

built [2] - 1010:2; 1012:6

bullet [3] - 850:8; 852:23;

925:23

bullets [2] - 925:4



6

buried [2] - 959:4; 1000:3

burn [2] - 941:3; 942:16

bus [2] - 871:3, 9

buses [5] - 866:8; 868:12;

869:1; 871:10; 1009:1

bush [1] - 958:11

business [9] - 835:3; 949:25;

950:8, 13, 15; 951:5, 14,

17; 953:6

BUSS [37] - 725:23; 739:15;

740:5; 748:16; 757:19;

758:23; 764:20, 24; 765:5;

766:19; 767:1, 7, 14;

778:14, 17, 20; 779:2, 5;

803:2, 25; 812:4; 814:16,

25; 819:22; 820:1; 826:14;

841:11; 844:4, 17, 24;

859:12, 18; 874:15; 875:3,

18; 876:12

Buss [22] - 723:11; 724:1;

739:16; 753:9; 767:6;

774:1; 795:20; 803:5, 24;

804:1; 805:4, 21; 810:1,

16; 821:18; 825:15;

826:16; 829:2; 851:19;

876:14; 878:17, 24

Buss's [1] - 812:1

busses [1] - 867:24

BY [37] - 721:2, 11; 725:18,

20-23; 726:1, 3, 7, 9-10;

727:4, 6-7, 12, 15; 732:2;

735:8, 13, 15; 736:4, 6;

740:4; 814:23; 877:3;

880:3; 947:2; 953:19;

955:4

by-products [1] - 1014:1

C

C.0-7 [1] - 721:8

C02 [2] - 950:21; 953:10

calculated [1] - 927:17

calculation [1] - 827:3

calculations [1] - 827:4

Calgary [2] - 838:13; 872:11

camera [2] - 948:21

camp [10] - 871:2; 875:8, 11,

13, 15; 992:8, 20; 1013:4,

10

camps [2] - 876:10; 1009:2

Canada [17] - 723:2, 9;

724:7; 747:11, 19; 767:18;

791:23; 807:10; 833:14;

834:4; 837:4; 853:10;

863:9; 884:16; 899:8;

1019:5

CANADA [4] - 721:2, 12;

727:6; 735:12

Canada's [3] - 746:23; 747:4,

6

Canadian [9] - 743:4, 8, 10,

24; 744:16; 745:12;

747:13; 911:23; 913:21

CANADIAN [3] - 721:5, 9;

722:6

CANDACE [2] - 725:7; 731:2

canvassed [1] - 783:7

cap [1] - 756:2

capable [1] - 992:12

capacitor [1] - 835:1

capacity [6] - 733:25;

738:11; 829:8; 841:17, 21;

942:21

CAPP [6] - 878:22; 879:2;

885:16, 19, 22

capture [4] - 950:19; 968:12;

970:7; 975:24

carbon [1] - 950:19

careful [1] - 811:13

Caribou [2] - 936:20; 937:2

caribou [16] - 887:2, 22;

932:8; 933:15; 934:1;

935:10, 21, 25; 936:1, 5,

10, 13, 25; 937:5, 15

Carlo [4] - 770:7, 10, 16, 21

carnivores [1] - 936:14

carried [1] - 939:25

carry [1] - 813:24

carrying [6] - 866:9; 867:12,

17; 869:2

case [21] - 759:15; 771:15;

786:17; 787:23; 797:7;

822:17; 823:2; 883:5;

891:21; 900:22; 909:20;

912:3, 21; 915:5; 916:25;

927:3; 933:21; 938:23;

939:8, 21

Case [15] - 823:4, 6, 12;

862:20, 23; 864:7; 925:25;

926:1; 933:11, 23; 939:9;

940:6; 941:1; 962:7

cases [6] - 797:16; 843:14;

883:18; 888:2; 922:11;

926:14

casting [2] - 883:25; 909:17

catch [1] - 791:5

catchment [1] - 1012:24

categorizing [1] - 913:17

Caterpillar's [1] - 834:24

Caterpillars [1] - 836:13

cause-effect [3] - 903:18;

904:22; 906:5

caused [1] - 995:6

caution [3] - 782:10; 784:23;

785:2

cautionary [1] - 782:19

cautious [1] - 807:6

cc'd [1] - 733:20

CC.'D [2] - 727:17; 844:13

cc.'d [1] - 843:25

CCME [1] - 763:2

CD [1] - 748:6

CEAA [13] - 722:6; 803:19;

882:16; 901:17, 20, 24;

908:17, 21; 909:2; 911:21

CEAR [1] - 721:5

cell [1] - 733:2

Celsius [1] - 961:20

CEMA [23] - 762:16, 23;

763:7; 776:6, 12, 16;

778:15; 783:6, 18; 790:3;

797:2; 800:17; 801:8;

831:6, 9-10; 837:20; 838:3;

843:16; 998:21

central [2] - 759:14; 998:4

centrifugation [1] - 758:24

centrifuged [1] - 761:1

centrifuging [1] - 1002:18

certain [9] - 771:9, 12;

838:24; 872:12; 963:9;

981:4; 1000:12

certainly [36] - 740:20;

745:14; 751:19; 798:3;

883:15; 892:10; 893:8;

912:9; 927:2; 934:6, 10,

15, 19; 935:17; 936:13;

939:11; 940:11; 941:13;

945:21; 957:25; 958:5, 21;

963:14; 965:3; 966:15;

968:12; 969:7, 17; 970:9;

972:25; 983:17; 985:15;

991:8; 1014:22; 1015:11,

17

certainty [20] - 770:6, 24-25;

771:6, 8, 11, 16, 20;

772:12, 14; 773:23;

774:15; 775:24; 776:1, 4;

792:14; 856:13; 925:17;

953:3; 988:14

CERTIFICATION [1] - 1019:1

certify [1] - 1019:5

cetera [1] - 861:11

chair [4] - 747:23; 803:25;

868:3; 953:20

Chair [2] - 722:3; 752:25

CHAIRMAN [55] - 729:4, 14,

25; 730:7, 11, 17; 731:23;

734:17, 24; 735:3, 25;

739:11; 740:2; 765:4;

766:23; 767:5, 8; 778:16,

19; 803:5, 12; 814:19;

819:25; 844:9; 859:17;

876:14, 22; 879:19, 25;

888:11; 895:13; 921:16;

929:7; 944:8, 12, 16;

945:23; 946:12, 19;

953:16; 954:3, 6, 13, 15,

21; 955:2; 973:13, 17;

988:25; 1006:10; 1016:6,

8; 1017:21, 24; 1018:9

Chairman [29] - 732:3; 734:7,

20; 735:23; 739:15, 24;

757:15; 764:20; 766:19;

778:14; 779:6; 803:2;

811:25; 814:16; 819:22;

826:11; 844:6, 20; 845:1;

859:14; 876:24; 878:12;

879:8; 885:11; 897:18;

921:14; 929:3; 944:3

challenge [1] - 1002:7

challenges [2] - 793:20;

976:20

Challenges [1] - 801:10

challenging [1] - 838:16

champion [1] - 831:13

chance [2] - 805:19; 973:2

change [16] - 794:16; 796:8;

797:4; 896:14; 899:1;

910:16; 911:13, 18;

912:11; 916:24; 919:20;

934:18; 957:14; 959:19;

1009:1

changed [2] - 849:9; 994:12

changes [8] - 751:1, 19;

816:1; 917:22; 957:11, 15;

959:20; 960:2

changing [2] - 748:23; 752:8

Channel [2] - 1001:3; 1006:5

channel [16] - 965:20; 974:9;

976:7, 9; 979:10, 12, 19;

980:22; 984:18; 990:16,

18, 20-21; 1000:9

channels [6] - 781:12;

984:16, 22, 25; 990:5;

991:8

CHAPMAN [3] - 725:13;

731:14; 770:24

Chapman [6] - 763:5;

770:24; 772:4, 18; 774:13;

785:9

chapman [1] - 772:12

chapter [10] - 740:10, 13;

741:8; 768:23; 769:1;

776:17; 777:23; 778:10,

12; 783:24

characteristics [1] - 759:12

Characteristics [1] - 753:7

characterization [3] -

800:15; 879:13; 923:18

characterize [1] - 798:18

characterized [1] - 775:22

Charles [1] - 722:7

chart [5] - 753:14; 765:20;

830:6, 20; 858:22

charts [1] - 828:10

check [22] - 752:24; 761:17,

20; 815:18; 840:4, 20-21;

841:1; 870:7; 874:2;

878:21; 905:9; 938:18;



7

948:15; 954:4; 961:22;

962:3; 972:20; 992:19;

993:4; 1013:13

checking [1] - 840:2

chemical [1] - 770:11

Chemical [1] - 794:24

Chipewyan [2] - 723:7; 733:2

choiceful [1] - 783:3

chose [1] - 842:5

chosen [2] - 841:24; 842:3

chronic [2] - 762:24; 763:7

chronologically [1] - 823:10

circuited [1] - 877:11

circular [1] - 923:25

citation [3] - 768:3; 812:12;

906:8

cite [2] - 815:23; 938:19

cited [1] - 913:1

claims [1] - 806:11

clams [9] - 1014:12, 15, 19;

1015:5, 13, 17-19, 21

clarification [6] - 734:10;

764:22; 856:5; 879:16;

881:10; 1003:5

CLARIFICATIONS [2] -

725:18; 732:1

clarifications [2] - 878:10;

879:18

clarified [1] - 760:16

clarifier [1] - 1014:3

clarify [12] - 754:2; 759:3;

761:23; 762:17; 772:18;

787:1; 819:17; 830:21;

880:23; 915:9; 977:18

clarifying [1] - 830:20

clarity [1] - 898:8

classified [2] - 931:14; 932:3

clay [3] - 1005:7, 13; 1006:9

Clay [12] - 977:15, 18;

979:21; 980:6, 17; 981:18;

982:4; 989:24; 990:8

clay-till [1] - 1005:13

clays [1] - 1002:20

clean [7] - 964:8, 24;

965:3-5, 10; 966:2

clear [23] - 735:3; 739:5;

758:13; 782:22; 800:6;

839:23; 840:25; 854:24;

879:1; 895:8; 945:7; 950:6;

951:10; 952:1, 5; 953:3;

956:12, 17; 957:12;

960:24; 961:24; 966:25;

967:2

cleared [1] - 761:14

clearly [3] - 782:16; 800:24;

929:2

Clearwater [1] - 723:17

client [3] - 729:20; 738:21;

815:2

client's [1] - 729:12

clients [2] - 733:16; 946:5

Clinton [1] - 724:9

CLIPPERTON [8] - 725:10;

731:7; 962:5; 972:14;

975:10; 989:11; 1001:16;

1015:15

Clipperton [3] - 959:8; 962:4;

1015:15

close [7] - 745:15; 771:12;

818:20; 877:11; 942:19;

944:3; 974:11

close-circuited [1] - 877:11

closed [1] - 843:1

closely [4] - 800:24; 835:4;

875:14; 975:8

closer [4] - 753:12; 985:19;

994:19; 1002:21

closure [11] - 752:16;

756:18; 757:12; 762:6;

774:24; 775:14; 801:4;

939:22; 941:15; 984:15;

985:13

Club [3] - 724:4; 945:17;

1018:1

Club's [1] - 1018:3

CNRL [1] - 1005:7

CNRL's [1] - 817:2

coal [1] - 801:15

Coalition [2] - 724:1; 739:18

COALITION [6] - 725:23;

726:3, 7; 740:5; 880:4;

947:3

coarse [4] - 1011:7, 22, 24;

1012:3

cobble [1] - 966:2

coding [1] - 895:7

cold [1] - 783:15

colder [2] - 960:20; 962:19

Colin [1] - 928:5

COLIN [2] - 725:12; 731:12

colleague [3] - 739:18;

763:4; 962:3

colleagues [2] - 882:4; 889:4

collect [6] - 971:3; 978:15;

1006:3, 6; 1012:21; 1016:2

collected [10] - 804:5, 9;

969:20; 970:14; 972:25;

977:3; 978:13; 1006:2;

1014:2; 1015:25

collecting [2] - 969:24

collection [2] - 970:10;

1014:3

colonization [3] - 984:5;

985:6; 986:8

colour [1] - 895:7

Columbia [1] - 1019:4

column [6] - 755:14; 794:23;

795:3; 827:11

combination [2] - 821:20;

1010:5

combined [3] - 823:16;

826:2; 1008:5

combining [1] - 1011:7

combustion [2] - 812:5;

820:5

comfortable [1] - 988:19

coming [13] - 769:1; 817:24;

822:17; 829:5; 843:16;

866:18; 894:24; 920:2, 13;

931:16; 937:24; 998:19;

999:8

comingled [1] - 824:12

commence [1] - 944:22

comment [11] - 752:3;

785:20; 795:21; 916:6;

945:11; 955:9, 13, 15;

958:7; 967:3; 975:21

comments [2] - 787:2;

867:20

Commercial [2] - 885:3;

888:9

commissioned [3] - 783:5;

806:10; 833:14

commit [4] - 800:5; 829:22,

25; 857:6

commitment [3] - 856:7;

951:8; 952:9

commitment's [1] - 762:10

committed [10] - 801:2;

836:1; 838:23; 857:8;

859:5; 949:12; 951:4,

20-21; 986:23

committee [1] - 812:21

Committee [2] - 804:17;

807:24

committing [1] - 834:18

commodity [1] - 747:19

common [3] - 958:5, 22;

970:11

commonly [2] - 969:6; 985:9

Communication [1] - 722:13

Communications [1] - 722:8

communities [3] - 859:25;

860:2; 876:9

community [11] - 862:7;

863:22; 957:15; 983:20;

984:20, 23; 985:12, 16-17;

986:6, 9

Community [1] - 723:12

companies [1] - 763:17

company [1] - 737:15

comparable [1] - 873:19

compare [1] - 798:5

compared [4] - 815:8;

874:12; 959:17; 1003:14

compensate [2] - 755:1;

970:16

Compensation [10] - 971:9;

980:6; 989:9, 20, 23;

990:9; 991:15, 19, 21

compensation [5] - 981:21;

985:10; 986:15; 987:4;

989:6

competing [1] - 806:10

competition [1] - 864:24

compilation [1] - 748:7

complement [1] - 837:11

complete [5] - 779:8; 837:10;

948:25; 977:21; 1019:10

completed [5] - 769:4;

770:10; 854:10; 947:22;

948:14

completely [2] - 765:3;

776:24

complex [1] - 997:3

compliant [2] - 952:24;

953:12

comply [5] - 762:15; 846:20;

856:8, 10; 857:9

component [5] - 773:21;

796:2; 842:18; 911:7;

919:7

components [9] - 840:14;

842:7; 843:6; 845:20, 22;

850:20, 22; 911:2; 918:24

Components' [1] - 904:24

composition [1] - 983:18

compound [1] - 819:16

compounds [6] - 808:9, 11;

810:15; 816:8; 819:7;

820:6

comprehensive [6] - 846:1;

848:1, 7, 9, 25; 855:12

comprise [2] - 771:2, 6

compromise [2] - 907:22;

909:7

compromised [1] - 909:4

conceivably [1] - 797:3

concentration [1] - 818:8

concentrations [5] - 770:11;

815:7; 816:2; 819:8;

820:25

concept [7] - 787:16; 794:5,

7, 15; 906:4; 956:6; 991:9

conceptual [2] - 985:1;

1007:9

conceptually [1] - 991:1

concern [3] - 798:17; 802:6;

957:18

concerned [2] - 912:7;

961:23

concerns [3] - 846:14;

1010:8

conclude [1] - 1016:11

concluded [2] - 783:22;

880:20

conclusion [5] - 769:7;

808:20; 962:10; 996:7

conclusion.. [1] - 807:25

conclusions [2] - 807:17;



8

812:13

condition [1] - 762:3

conditions [11] - 772:9;

857:24; 884:3; 890:1;

891:12; 897:15; 898:7;

960:4; 975:4; 984:2;

1005:21

conducted [5] - 770:7;

802:13; 815:12; 885:13;

978:9

confidence [17] - 737:17;

772:13, 24; 773:1; 774:8,

16-18; 787:3, 11; 796:14,

25; 798:22; 926:3; 985:23;

988:20

confident [8] - 774:7;

789:15; 793:12; 797:7;

800:8; 801:1; 988:16;

1009:4

confidential [3] - 734:4;

737:9, 14

configured [2] - 878:5

confirm [18] - 733:19, 24;

738:4; 758:12; 789:20;

814:9; 815:21; 822:14;

839:4; 849:11, 15; 851:22;

858:2; 874:16; 875:19;

877:24; 1004:17

confirmed [1] - 774:19

confirming [1] - 831:25

confused [1] - 943:20

confusion [3] - 732:8, 11;

1012:7

conjunction [1] - 937:8

connected [1] - 984:5

connecting [2] - 984:17, 21

connection [2] - 789:1;

926:15

Connection [1] - 724:15

connections [1] - 1000:12

Connectivity [1] - 948:4

CONRAD [1] - 948:4

cons [1] - 770:3

consequence [9] - 881:7, 15;

884:6, 9; 893:13; 898:13;

901:12; 919:13, 21

consequences [2] - 881:12;

883:15

conservation [2] - 992:1

CONSERVATION [5] - 721:4,

6, 8, 11; 722:9

conservative [2] - 785:3;

827:16

conservatively [1] - 829:7

consider [5] - 797:3; 898:3;

915:12; 939:24; 967:5

considerable [1] - 813:8

considerably [1] - 813:25

consideration [11] - 807:22;

893:6; 903:11; 904:18;

905:4; 918:12; 943:16;

970:17; 975:22; 1007:2

considerations [3] - 845:24;

897:25; 984:18

considered [20] - 786:20;

806:22; 842:14; 862:2;

874:10; 882:25; 891:1;

892:21, 23; 893:4; 896:11;

907:21; 923:21; 925:20;

930:25; 942:13; 957:2;

970:3; 999:10

considering [6] - 788:16;

834:17; 853:21; 890:4;

898:17; 987:13

consistent [4] - 809:14, 22;

915:5; 994:24

consolidate [1] - 780:7

consolidation [4] - 755:19,

22, 24

constituents [1] - 802:12

constraint [1] - 945:15

constructed [5] - 989:8;

990:16, 21-22; 991:8

constructing [1] - 975:1

construction [16] - 817:15,

21; 867:13; 868:8; 869:25;

870:8, 20; 871:18; 873:10;

874:20; 875:10, 16;

877:24; 976:5

CONSTRUCTION [2] -

728:11; 874:24

consultants [3] - 870:15;

871:22, 25

consultation [1] - 987:9

Consultation [4] - 737:23;

738:6; 954:1, 8

CONSULTATION [2] -

727:24; 954:25

consulting [2] - 833:15;

986:24

consumed [1] - 772:16

consumption [6] - 771:22;

774:23; 775:21; 985:18,

24; 1012:12

contact [2] - 1018:3

contain [4] - 768:19; 780:20;

850:19; 965:16

contained [3] - 767:16;

914:22; 966:7

containment [1] - 732:20

contains [2] - 860:3; 980:20

contaminant [1] - 1015:7

contaminants [2] - 792:5;

813:21

CONTAMINATION [2] -

727:14; 814:22

Contamination [1] - 804:19

contemplated [1] - 792:17

content [1] - 960:14

context [45] - 773:6; 775:2,

5; 782:13; 786:24; 830:6;

832:25; 882:24; 883:5, 8,

12-13, 17; 884:2, 18;

889:10; 891:21, 24;

892:12, 15, 17, 21; 893:6,

15-16, 20; 895:20, 24;

896:5, 10, 14; 899:10;

901:7; 906:7; 908:11, 24;

909:25; 913:3; 917:3;

919:23; 924:11; 955:20;

986:20

contexts [1] - 786:11

contingencies [3] - 793:25;

794:12; 795:18

contingent [2] - 847:4; 861:5

continual [1] - 746:3

continually [1] - 792:1

continue [7] - 747:15; 750:1;

757:5; 834:18; 971:6;

973:17; 1009:14

continued [3] - 770:17;

890:18, 21

continues [1] - 995:4

CONTINUING [4] - 725:21;

726:8; 736:6; 947:3

continuity [1] - 750:4

contouring [1] - 781:20

contractors [1] - 870:15

contribute [1] - 746:21

contributed [1] - 736:9

contributing [3] - 763:18;

764:5; 1008:7

contribution [2] - 737:8;

809:19

contributions [1] - 809:3

contributor [1] - 747:16

contributors [2] - 737:10, 13

controlled [1] - 802:1

controls [1] - 959:23

conventional [5] - 743:12;

746:6, 10, 14, 20

conversation [1] - 910:1

conversations [1] - 838:20

convey [1] - 956:3

conveying [1] - 1005:25

Cooke [1] - 722:4

cool [2] - 959:24; 960:7

cooperation [2] - 791:13, 18

Coordinator [1] - 722:12

copied [1] - 733:15

copies [8] - 733:6, 12;

737:25; 764:21; 779:6;

886:17; 905:10; 921:8

COPY [2] - 727:18; 844:15

copy [16] - 733:20; 778:13,

23; 779:7; 805:18, 20;

806:1; 807:18; 816:11;

818:6; 831:21; 844:2;

889:1; 929:9; 947:11

Corporation's [1] - 736:10

Corporations [1] - 736:21

correct [248] - 738:17;

741:19; 743:19; 744:2, 13,

17; 746:9; 747:5, 12;

749:7, 12; 752:8, 23;

753:15, 20-21, 23; 754:15;

755:8, 11; 756:7, 15-16,

19; 757:11, 25; 758:25;

759:1, 20; 760:4, 7-8,

18-19, 21; 765:22; 768:16;

776:8; 777:7; 781:16;

782:20; 783:9; 785:11;

790:21; 793:4; 794:1, 12,

14; 795:19; 799:19, 23;

800:5; 801:13; 802:21;

806:7, 12-13; 808:6, 14-15;

812:10; 814:14; 815:5, 17;

816:16, 21, 25; 817:3;

818:1, 15-16, 23; 819:4;

820:8, 23; 821:16; 822:4,

9, 25; 824:18; 825:20,

24-25; 826:3, 5; 827:15;

828:8, 14; 830:5, 9, 24-25;

831:7, 10-11, 14; 832:18;

834:15; 835:17, 19; 836:2,

6-7, 20; 837:22; 838:1-3;

839:2, 9; 840:17; 841:15,

19, 23; 842:9, 13-14, 19;

843:8, 18, 21-22; 844:2;

845:14; 847:14; 848:3, 10;

849:4, 21; 850:20; 851:17;

852:3; 853:25; 856:3, 19;

859:7; 868:18; 869:16;

870:1; 871:13, 21; 872:4,

13-14; 882:15, 21; 883:3;

887:5, 16-17; 888:3;

891:17, 25; 897:15; 898:1,

5, 14-15, 18-19; 901:23;

902:4, 7-8; 905:8, 24;

906:14; 908:3, 7, 14;

909:25; 910:5, 17; 911:21;

914:18; 915:8, 24; 916:2,

15; 917:10; 919:14;

923:10; 924:6, 10; 925:3;

927:8, 23; 928:4, 11, 23;

929:24; 930:3, 13-14;

931:4; 932:11; 933:6, 18;

935:7; 937:23, 25; 938:11,

25; 939:6, 17; 942:6;

947:21; 952:4, 19; 972:9,

12; 974:20; 981:13;

995:22, 25; 1001:21;

1010:12; 1011:1; 1019:10

correction [2] - 804:2;

819:10

corrections [1] - 878:13

CORRECTIONS [2] - 726:1;

877:3

correctly [2] - 849:17; 881:14

correlate [1] - 1008:21



9

corridor [2] - 947:17, 23

corridors [5] - 922:10; 947:8,

16; 948:7, 9

cost [9] - 788:18; 790:11;

791:19; 795:6; 798:3, 8;

861:9; 862:2; 864:21

costly [1] - 790:6

costs [7] - 793:7, 11; 798:14;

835:6; 861:13, 24; 864:23

counsel [6] - 730:12; 803:21;

921:9; 944:23; 945:4;

947:9

Counsel [3] - 722:7, 10

count [1] - 987:16

counted [1] - 940:2

counts [1] - 872:8

couple [14] - 739:12; 749:6;

779:4; 797:9; 799:17;

876:25; 970:25; 971:22;

975:20; 977:18; 985:7;

998:22; 999:16, 22

course [10] - 749:17; 750:17;

751:1, 11; 845:2; 897:9;

952:11, 23; 953:11;

1009:12

COURT [1] - 724:14

court [2] - 757:16; 758:11

COURTNEY [2] - 727:17;

844:13

Courtney [3] - 722:20;

843:25; 847:23

cover [2] - 889:2

covered [2] - 977:13

create [1] - 935:21

created [2] - 757:10; 934:4

creating [2] - 755:3; 770:15

creation [1] - 799:18

creatures [1] - 771:17

Cree [2] - 723:17, 21

Creek [30] - 963:18; 964:1;

965:11, 25; 966:3, 6-7;

971:24; 975:9; 977:15, 19;

978:15; 979:21; 980:7, 18;

981:18; 982:4, 10-11, 17;

989:24; 990:8, 13, 16;

1001:6

creek [15] - 963:19, 22;

964:3; 968:1; 972:6, 17;

976:2; 978:7; 980:10, 15;

982:2, 14

creeks [6] - 958:12; 959:7;

964:12; 989:20, 22;

1000:20

criteria [3] - 760:13; 882:13;

911:3

critical [6] - 937:15; 938:4, 7;

961:4; 982:22; 983:4

critiques [1] - 807:23

Crooked [1] - 958:16

cross [7] - 729:13, 16, 20,

23; 749:14; 803:17; 955:7

CROSS [14] - 725:20, 22;

726:3, 7, 10; 727:5, 8;

735:10, 15; 736:4; 740:4;

880:3; 947:2; 955:4

cross-examination [1] -

749:14

CROSS-EXAMINATION [14]

- 725:20, 22; 726:3, 7, 10;

727:5, 8; 735:10, 15;

736:4; 740:4; 880:3; 947:2;

955:4

cross-examine [5] - 729:13,

16, 20, 23; 955:7

cross-reference [1] - 803:17

Crude [2] - 742:16; 743:10

crude [9] - 743:8; 746:6, 11,

20, 22; 747:3; 949:19;

951:4, 16

crudes [1] - 950:5

CSR(A [3] - 724:15; 1019:3,

19

CT [1] - 1002:24

cubic [13] - 856:18, 23;

857:2, 4, 23; 858:4, 9, 15,

18-19, 21, 24; 859:5

cue [1] - 921:13

Cumulative [6] - 902:3;

904:15; 905:5; 906:10;

908:21; 909:2

cumulative [18] - 880:24;

881:2; 902:6; 906:17;

907:3, 17, 20; 908:19;

917:1; 918:22; 919:5;

922:25; 923:20, 22; 924:9;

925:8; 926:7; 933:16

curious [1] - 919:25

curls [1] - 839:21

Curran [1] - 722:12

current [14] - 812:19; 835:20;

842:22; 855:8; 862:24;

889:23; 890:1; 897:14;

917:7; 971:6, 8; 973:8

cut [4] - 957:12; 974:1, 9;

1001:4

cut-off [1] - 1001:4

cuts [1] - 867:8

cutting [7] - 956:12, 17;

960:24; 961:24; 966:25;

967:2; 992:7

cycles [1] - 837:15

Cynthia [1] - 723:18

D

D074 [1] - 1011:20

D74 [3] - 728:16; 1004:20, 24

DAILY [4] - 728:5, 10;

758:19; 874:23

daily [5] - 757:8, 23; 868:9;

874:19; 877:18

Dan [1] - 723:3

Daniel [1] - 722:19

Daniela [1] - 723:22

DARRELL [2] - 725:15;

731:18

Darrell [2] - 974:20; 975:8

dash [2] - 766:9; 829:18

Data [1] - 804:17

data [40] - 744:23; 764:9;

798:23; 800:10, 22; 804:4,

11; 806:16, 21; 807:1, 6, 9,

14, 23; 809:1; 816:15;

819:2; 821:5, 7; 852:7, 12;

883:23; 884:1, 5, 12;

897:10; 909:12, 22; 910:7;

926:11, 16, 22; 972:25;

977:3; 978:16, 19; 996:12

DATA [2] - 727:6; 735:13

database [1] - 878:23

date [7] - 754:14; 761:23;

838:25; 916:9; 951:1;

952:2; 975:11

dated [3] - 804:20; 843:23;

847:17

DATED [4] - 727:10, 16;

735:19; 844:11

dates [4] - 967:19, 21, 24;

972:12

David [1] - 860:9

DAVID [2] - 725:6; 730:25

days [9] - 732:17, 22; 855:25;

856:1, 3, 5; 857:6, 11;

968:2

de [1] - 750:2

de-bottlenecking [1] - 750:2

dead [1] - 983:11

deadlines [1] - 916:5

deal [5] - 788:18; 815:19;

843:4; 850:21; 853:17

dealing [2] - 774:13; 793:1

deals [1] - 748:10

dealt [1] - 764:18

Debbie [1] - 723:19

Deborah [1] - 722:21

decades [3] - 775:14, 18

December [2] - 747:22;

868:6

decided [1] - 748:3

decision [16] - 782:8, 12;

784:21; 807:3; 832:25;

833:11; 843:13; 853:19;

854:3, 10, 14; 879:11, 15;

900:18; 920:3, 7

Decision [6] - 899:17, 19;

917:25; 918:14; 947:6, 8

decision-makers [4] - 782:8,

12; 784:21; 833:11

decision-making [4] -

832:25; 854:10, 14; 920:3

decisions [4] - 782:15;

843:14; 881:8; 905:7

decline [12] - 746:10; 884:17;

887:3, 14, 23; 894:22;

923:11, 14, 16; 924:5;

966:17, 22

declined [1] - 994:7

declines [3] - 922:19;

923:13; 966:20

declining [4] - 884:15; 894:8;

923:16

decrease [7] - 822:23; 939:7;

961:11, 14; 995:15, 18

decreased [1] - 994:16

decreases [1] - 961:12

decreasing [2] - 816:9;

893:18

deep [1] - 791:15

deeper [2] - 755:6; 1006:4

deeply [2] - 795:22; 937:17

deer [22] - 934:9-11, 19-20,

23, 25; 935:3, 6, 16, 22;

936:6, 13; 937:5; 957:25;

958:1, 4, 6, 10-11, 19

Deer [9] - 957:18, 23; 958:4,

15, 21, 25; 959:2

deferred [1] - 944:19

deferring [1] - 920:7

deficiencies [1] - 812:18

defined [2] - 842:3; 941:2

definitely [3] - 795:16; 920:3;

940:22

definition [8] - 768:5; 811:2;

837:2, 18; 839:17, 19;

907:3, 17

definitive [1] - 775:11

deforestation [1] - 934:4

degradation [6] - 765:19, 21;

766:2, 13; 792:4; 801:22

degree [16] - 770:5, 8, 22;

771:8, 20; 773:23; 774:8,

10; 784:3; 785:14; 796:14;

810:23; 820:3, 7; 894:6;

922:11

degrees [3] - 961:20; 977:1,

5

delay [2] - 749:5; 959:19

delayed [1] - 849:22

deleterious [3] - 922:25;

923:20, 22

deliver [4] - 796:14; 801:2, 4;

802:25

DELTA [2] - 728:16; 1004:23

delta [1] - 1004:19

delve [1] - 937:17

demand [5] - 742:23; 745:12;

861:25; 862:10; 863:21

Demand [4] - 742:17, 20;

743:3; 744:16



10

demonstration [3] - 763:13,

21

dendsted [1] - 1005:1

densities [1] - 932:5

Denstedt [4] - 723:2; 748:3;

806:1; 874:15

DENSTEDT [13] - 748:14;

757:15; 758:11; 765:1;

778:25; 779:3; 811:25;

826:11; 841:2; 844:20;

874:17; 1004:17; 1005:4

departure [1] - 891:14

dependence [2] - 746:24;

747:5

dependent [5] - 754:22;

799:18; 820:25; 960:19;

964:5

deploy [1] - 798:24

deploying [2] - 1002:9, 23

deposit [5] - 760:17; 762:4;

964:24; 1002:15

deposited [1] - 780:22

depositing [1] - 1002:14

deposition [2] - 808:9;

830:13

Deposition [1] - 831:7

depressurization [4] - 995:9,

12; 996:12; 1000:17

depressurize [1] - 1005:24

depressurized [1] - 995:11

depressurizing [1] - 995:24

depth [2] - 754:22

Deranger [2] - 723:10

derived [1] - 766:15

describe [3] - 837:5; 980:24;

981:2

described [5] - 740:9; 768:4;

854:4; 919:24; 948:13

describes [1] - 993:23

describing [1] - 919:18

DESCRIPTION [3] - 725:2;

727:2; 728:2

Description [1] - 745:21

design [16] - 760:15; 797:10;

800:8, 11; 805:24; 920:14;

984:14, 17; 985:3, 10, 19;

986:25; 987:10, 23;

989:23; 1010:5

designated [6] - 932:18;

935:10; 937:16; 938:5;

982:23; 989:22

designation [2] - 938:7, 9

designed [4] - 773:8; 985:16;

986:3; 991:9

designers [2] - 782:9; 784:22

designing [4] - 799:3;

800:13; 984:15; 988:3

designs [2] - 979:12; 984:19

desirable [1] - 985:12

desire [1] - 985:17

detached [1] - 861:9

detail [3] - 796:23; 985:3;

1007:17

detailed [6] - 973:22; 974:5,

7; 985:19; 999:3; 1007:13

details [4] - 743:7; 787:14;

944:17; 991:8

detect [1] - 971:20

detected [2] - 848:21; 973:3

deterioration [1] - 822:8

Determination [2] - 896:3;

907:11

determination [10] - 881:19,

21; 893:22; 896:12;

898:21; 901:16; 915:2;

919:19; 926:7; 927:4

determinations [1] - 925:18

determine [14] - 805:13;

806:19; 811:16; 820:21;

822:11; 874:18; 882:1, 25;

883:10; 884:1; 895:23;

898:16; 900:20; 909:7

DETERMINE [2] - 728:10;

874:22

determined [5] - 851:7;

909:10; 985:19; 986:2, 7

determining [4] - 881:17;

900:5; 908:11; 919:16

detoxify [1] - 773:9

detrimental [1] - 922:14

develop [7] - 750:1; 812:24;

831:6; 837:24; 856:12;

963:5; 1007:13

developed [16] - 762:16, 18,

22; 763:1; 792:15; 796:12;

823:22; 831:6; 855:12;

915:23; 916:1; 917:20;

937:4; 956:5; 976:10;

989:12

Developers [1] - 737:7

developing [4] - 763:8;

790:20; 835:23; 853:9

Development [10] - 748:13;

782:18; 859:9; 862:20, 23;

864:6; 876:7; 926:1;

933:23; 948:6

development [65] - 740:11,

13, 18; 741:1, 5, 9; 742:1;

746:4, 15; 748:21; 749:16;

751:8, 14; 752:8, 20;

791:2, 7; 792:13; 794:13;

796:1; 806:11; 810:8;

818:21; 820:5; 836:10, 18;

840:23; 847:24; 848:5;

855:10, 13; 889:8; 890:5,

22; 891:22; 892:9, 11, 20;

893:17; 894:5; 895:10, 12;

901:4; 908:13; 915:5;

916:25; 922:9; 924:7, 9,

16; 926:2; 933:22; 934:1,

12; 939:21; 942:20;

943:12; 959:18; 966:24;

970:15; 981:22

developments [5] - 742:3;

795:24; 847:9; 918:10;

968:8

Developments [2] - 921:3,

20

DEVELOPMENTS [1] -

727:22

develops [1] - 834:21

deviation [1] - 851:2

dewater [1] - 1000:22

dewatered [2] - 975:17;

976:9

dewatering [1] - 1000:18

DFO [1] - 859:8

dictate [1] - 908:19

diesel [5] - 834:23-25;

836:10, 17

differ [2] - 729:18; 956:8

difference [7] - 777:17;

778:3; 779:18; 780:13;

828:15; 1004:11; 1012:19

differences [7] - 729:24;

778:7, 11; 780:14; 809:12;

980:14; 981:7

different [42] - 739:21;

751:20; 756:8; 771:2;

772:7; 779:3; 793:11;

815:19; 823:25; 829:5;

839:23; 840:14; 884:5;

890:8; 893:21, 25; 894:1;

895:6; 896:7; 911:4, 6;

916:22; 919:17; 920:20;

921:7; 922:13, 20; 923:9;

929:6; 932:5; 938:16;

948:20; 957:4, 8; 962:8,

10; 964:17; 980:1;

1001:13; 1002:10; 1013:25

differently [1] - 760:2

difficult [4] - 751:17; 811:3;

850:12; 975:24

dig [1] - 974:4

Dilay [5] - 722:3; 955:5;

973:18; 1006:15; 1017:20

dimension [1] - 796:6

diminishing [2] - 746:5, 19

dioxide [1] - 818:15

direct [9] - 755:12; 781:13;

797:17; 898:23; 903:12;

904:19; 924:3; 1012:11

directed [2] - 758:25; 759:4

direction [8] - 882:13;

917:7-9; 951:24; 952:8;

953:8; 1008:22

Directive [7] - 1001:22;

1002:1, 6-7; 1004:11;

1010:13; 1012:12

directive [1] - 1011:6

directly [9] - 796:18; 826:20;

850:21; 853:17; 892:15;

936:10; 989:24; 1007:22;

1015:16

disagree [3] - 784:12; 895:3;

981:4

disagreed [1] - 918:1

disappearing [2] - 957:19;

966:14

disbanding [1] - 838:15

discharge [1] - 877:1

discharged [1] - 999:8

discharging [1] - 998:6

discontinuous [2] - 980:22;

990:5

discourage [1] - 872:3

discretion [1] - 804:7

discuss [5] - 729:12; 901:13;

914:13; 946:24; 949:11

discussed [10] - 749:19;

790:9; 808:10; 899:19, 22;

944:20; 954:2, 10; 955:19;

979:1

discussing [7] - 736:8;

737:22; 774:25; 797:9;

808:17; 825:12; 901:25

discussion [16] - 785:8;

799:25; 838:21; 851:10;

878:16; 892:12; 899:16,

18; 906:3, 16; 944:23;

945:16; 954:17; 956:25;

983:15; 988:1

discussions [2] - 881:6;

985:14

displacing [2] - 957:21;

958:4

disposal [4] - 756:14;

1005:22; 1007:24; 1012:9

disputes [1] - 765:13

dissolved [4] - 802:8; 970:2;

984:2

distance [5] - 935:16;

972:22; 990:7; 996:14

distribution [2] - 898:6;

982:7

Disturbance [1] - 831:24

disturbance [5] - 896:18;

922:12, 15; 923:1; 932:25

disturbed [5] - 840:18, 24;

877:7, 10; 931:7

disturbing [1] - 839:14

ditch [1] - 1006:1

diverge [1] - 891:11

diverse [3] - 767:25; 768:6;

770:15

diversion [10] - 852:25;

879:12; 975:13; 976:3;

978:22; 979:10, 19;

981:15, 24; 990:15

diversions [1] - 975:11



11

divert [1] - 855:23

diverted [3] - 976:7; 979:3, 6

divide [1] - 826:18

DO [1] - 961:15

document [95] - 734:23;

736:11; 738:8, 13; 765:2,

23; 768:25; 776:7, 11, 13,

15, 19-20, 25; 777:6, 9, 13,

16; 778:6, 15; 779:8;

783:6; 787:3, 10, 19;

790:3; 792:19; 793:22;

794:5, 11; 795:12, 16, 18;

797:25; 798:1; 801:9, 17;

803:18; 804:22; 807:16;

808:19; 809:13; 832:21;

833:23; 844:19, 22; 851:6;

860:15; 888:6, 17; 889:6;

890:6; 895:4, 18, 25;

897:14; 898:3; 899:21;

902:4, 6; 905:15; 906:15,

18, 20; 907:7; 911:21;

913:2; 914:10, 20; 915:10,

12, 15, 20; 920:5; 921:7;

924:2, 22; 928:12, 17, 20;

929:2; 938:2; 939:1; 954:7,

11, 19; 967:20; 971:7;

1016:19; 1017:13

document's [1] - 804:24

documented [15] - 788:9, 13;

934:22; 936:9; 963:17;

966:8, 18, 20, 22; 971:10,

14; 977:24; 1015:19, 22

documents [18] - 789:25;

803:15; 821:11; 840:15;

901:21; 905:6, 16; 908:17,

23; 913:1; 916:5, 8;

931:19; 932:22; 937:13;

938:18; 953:23

dollars [1] - 790:12

domestic [1] - 746:21

Don [2] - 722:18; 723:21

done [33] - 730:12; 763:18;

774:6; 800:7; 815:22;

838:25; 848:2; 855:19;

862:20; 881:4, 22; 908:20;

909:1; 915:10; 919:1;

924:14; 944:3; 970:6,

19-20; 973:20; 997:9;

999:13, 19; 1005:19, 23;

1008:4, 16; 1010:16;

1014:11, 20; 1015:12

Donna [2] - 723:10

Dornier [1] - 878:4

Dover [6] - 885:3, 18; 886:16,

21; 888:9; 892:5

DOVER [2] - 727:20; 888:13

down [20] - 743:24; 746:16;

756:1; 799:12; 857:16;

858:5; 867:8; 886:24;

925:5; 961:13; 971:4;

980:16; 993:15; 1008:20;

1009:16, 18; 1014:8;

1015:10; 1019:7

downstream [3] - 974:16;

975:16; 978:14

downturn [1] - 749:23

Dr [8] - 774:13; 815:22;

816:7, 10, 14; 818:4;

852:4; 945:1

DR [18] - 728:13; 770:24;

883:9; 885:5; 886:11;

890:12; 908:4; 912:10;

913:5; 921:4; 922:5; 931:9;

934:6; 940:24; 948:19;

956:16; 1014:13; 1015:10

Draft [2] - 854:4; 989:13

draft [2] - 776:15, 24

drainage [3] - 760:10;

781:12; 802:5

drained [1] - 993:15

draining [2] - 773:15; 974:23

drains [1] - 1005:24

draw [1] - 879:9

drawbacks [1] - 769:21

drawing [1] - 1008:2

drawn [1] - 858:5

drilling [3] - 1000:10, 15

Drive [1] - 721:24

drive [4] - 870:24; 872:1;

953:6; 1002:19

drive-in [1] - 870:24

driven [5] - 802:8; 855:6;

864:22; 960:5, 13

driver [1] - 861:23

drives [1] - 861:25

driving [3] - 870:14, 16;

950:13

dry [1] - 942:12

dryer [6] - 941:7, 11, 16, 18;

942:5, 15

drying [2] - 1011:7, 10

dual [1] - 992:22

due [5] - 809:4, 20; 811:14;

845:2; 848:5

dumping [1] - 1013:20

dumps [1] - 781:11

Duncanson [3] - 723:2;

731:24; 876:23

DUNCANSON [19] - 725:19;

726:2; 732:2, 23; 733:22;

734:6, 18; 735:2, 23;

876:24; 877:4, 14; 878:8;

879:17, 22; 897:18; 929:3

duration [1] - 882:14

during [17] - 780:22; 808:11;

816:3; 847:8; 867:13;

868:8; 869:25; 870:19;

873:19; 874:19; 877:23;

940:25; 970:20; 974:1;

975:6; 999:7

DURING [6] - 727:5, 7;

728:10; 735:9, 15; 874:23

dust [16] - 1008:3-5, 9,

15-16, 22-23; 1009:3, 5, 9,

11, 16, 18, 23; 1010:9

dusty [1] - 1008:6

dynamic [1] - 957:11

E

E&P [1] - 724:8

E-10 [1] - 721:7

e.g [1] - 922:18

Eamon [1] - 723:7

early [11] - 775:25; 836:16;

847:10; 934:3, 6, 8, 10, 21;

935:1; 962:24; 976:19

early-stage [1] - 934:3

easier [2] - 779:6; 816:12

east [10] - 741:21-23; 742:1;

747:7; 839:22; 867:5;

869:22; 994:6; 1007:1

eastern [2] - 740:22; 934:19

eat [16] - 772:19; 774:9;

776:3; 936:13; 985:4, 21;

986:15-17; 987:19; 988:5,

9, 15, 21; 1014:19

eating [1] - 987:16

ecological [40] - 769:11;

837:2, 13, 18, 25; 838:17;

882:24; 883:5, 8, 12-13,

16; 884:3, 18; 891:21, 24;

892:12, 15, 17, 21; 893:6,

15-16, 20; 895:20, 23;

896:4, 10, 17; 899:10;

906:7; 908:10; 909:24;

910:20; 917:2; 919:22;

955:20; 1000:19

Ecological [3] - 914:14;

915:8; 917:10

ecologically [4] - 891:2;

892:6; 907:25; 991:4

economic [17] - 749:1, 10,

16, 23; 750:13; 751:9, 16;

752:7; 789:24; 845:23;

853:21; 859:13, 24; 860:4;

862:24; 864:16; 1016:14

economics [1] - 862:16

Ecosystem [2] - 904:23;

917:12

ecosystem [6] - 768:1, 6;

770:15; 773:12; 810:25;

837:18

ecosystems [1] - 837:7

edible [1] - 774:22

Edmonton [3] - 866:19;

872:2, 11

education [3] - 862:7;

863:21; 864:4

educational [1] - 863:18

effect [22] - 820:21; 861:17,

19; 882:10, 12, 15; 883:1;

893:21, 23; 898:23;

903:18; 904:22; 906:5;

911:9; 912:8; 914:5; 923:7;

933:25; 960:7; 996:1, 5

effective [3] - 908:1; 967:6;

1006:8

effectively [1] - 777:1

effectiveness [1] - 947:18

Effectiveness [1] - 948:3

effects [65] - 762:25; 763:7;

811:16; 820:17; 821:1, 8;

855:7; 880:21, 24; 881:3,

6, 16-17; 882:2, 17;

896:13; 898:17; 899:7;

900:5; 901:3, 9; 902:7;

906:17; 907:3, 18, 20;

908:19; 909:7; 910:14, 20,

24; 911:5; 912:13; 917:1;

918:23; 919:5; 921:19;

922:14, 25; 923:21, 25;

924:1; 925:9; 926:7;

933:16, 18; 934:16, 18;

955:21-23; 956:1, 12, 17,

19; 959:10; 960:8, 11;

996:4; 997:5, 7; 1010:22

Effects [7] - 902:3; 904:16;

905:5; 906:10; 908:21;

909:2; 921:2

EFFECTS [1] - 727:22

effects' [1] - 904:20

effects'.. [1] - 903:12

efficiency [1] - 835:8

efficient [3] - 748:25; 749:16;

834:20

efficiently [1] - 751:11

efforts [1] - 927:10

EGF [1] - 1004:3

eggs [3] - 961:17; 963:5;

964:25

EIA [22] - 770:12; 823:1;

829:3; 840:17; 877:9;

885:17; 886:16, 21; 888:9;

892:5; 895:22; 910:10;

933:24; 959:11; 961:19;

967:17; 969:9; 977:15;

984:24; 997:18; 1016:15

EIAs [8] - 880:11, 22; 881:4,

6, 19; 896:22; 900:11

eight [1] - 961:20

either [12] - 755:4; 757:22;

816:9; 866:18; 867:2;

882:19; 952:2; 991:6;

992:25; 996:3; 1011:3;

1015:7

EITHER [2] - 728:5; 758:19

Elders [1] - 998:25

elevation [1] - 781:9



12

Elford [1] - 723:9

eliminating [1] - 1012:18

elsewhere [4] - 936:9; 945:4;

977:8

embark [1] - 836:24

Embraer [1] - 878:3

Emission [1] - 825:8

emission [11] - 821:15, 20;

822:16; 823:21, 23;

825:23; 830:7; 910:20;

911:5; 949:13; 953:1

emissions [38] - 810:2;

820:2, 8, 10, 21; 821:11,

14, 18; 822:1, 10, 12, 24;

823:6, 17; 824:3, 16;

825:17, 22; 826:1, 6;

827:8, 20, 24; 828:4, 6;

829:16; 830:18, 24;

834:15, 20; 835:1, 9;

874:7, 10, 12; 880:8;

944:5; 949:15

emissions-friendly [1] -

834:20

emit [1] - 811:12

emits [1] - 811:5

emitters [1] - 952:12

emitting [1] - 823:10

empirical [4] - 897:10;

909:12; 910:6; 926:22

employ [2] - 833:4; 883:7

employs [1] - 882:1

enable [1] - 748:24

encourage [1] - 833:3

encroached [1] - 841:5

ENCROACHED [2] - 728:8;

841:9

End [3] - 768:24; 777:9;

801:10

end [97] - 732:5; 752:15, 20;

753:18, 20; 754:3, 13;

756:3; 760:12; 761:2;

762:5, 9, 17, 22; 763:9,

13-14, 19, 21; 767:15;

768:13; 769:24; 770:1, 11;

776:11; 777:1, 5, 17;

778:3, 23; 779:19; 780:19,

25; 781:8; 782:15, 20;

783:6, 9, 20, 23; 785:12;

786:24; 788:22; 789:8;

790:4, 25; 791:9; 792:19;

793:1, 13, 15; 794:6;

797:25; 798:10; 799:18;

800:18; 801:3, 6; 819:1;

840:23; 845:12; 847:2;

882:19; 884:8; 904:2;

910:16; 911:15, 19;

942:23; 944:2; 957:8;

958:14; 971:4; 974:15;

975:16; 982:21, 25; 983:9;

984:19; 985:5; 986:11, 14,

20; 987:11; 988:6; 992:25;

995:25; 997:15; 999:14;

1014:23

end-of-the-road [1] - 800:18

ended [1] - 816:22

ENERGY [4] - 721:3, 6, 11;

722:9

energy [5] - 799:14; 834:20;

837:14; 1002:19

energy-efficient [1] - 834:20

engage [1] - 785:7

engaged [1] - 796:18

engagement [1] - 800:25

engine [1] - 835:23

engineering [1] - 750:4

engineers [1] - 870:15

engines [1] - 834:10

ensure [4] - 785:5; 797:21;

852:25; 857:24

entire [13] - 823:13, 18;

824:16; 861:14; 921:11;

949:24; 950:15; 951:13;

972:24; 976:3; 977:22;

995:5

entirely [1] - 857:17

entirety [1] - 787:19

entitled [8] - 736:15; 801:9;

804:18; 831:22; 896:2;

906:21; 907:7; 921:25

ENTITLED [2] - 727:13;

814:21

environment [15] - 748:23;

749:22; 751:9, 15; 755:23;

773:17; 789:1, 7; 808:22;

811:16; 820:15; 882:24;

892:2, 18

Environment [24] - 762:23;

767:18; 782:18; 804:5, 7;

833:14; 834:4; 837:4;

838:6; 843:15, 19; 845:18;

846:7, 12; 847:5, 18;

848:12; 854:11, 18;

856:17; 859:9; 948:6;

987:8; 997:4

Environment's [1] - 855:3

ENVIRONMENTAL [9] -

721:5, 9; 722:6; 725:23;

726:3, 7; 740:4; 880:3;

947:2

environmental [32] - 749:1,

10, 18; 750:13, 18; 751:12,

22, 25; 752:7; 782:6;

784:6, 19; 785:13; 832:24;

853:22; 855:14; 869:7;

881:7, 11, 15; 882:17;

883:15; 884:6, 9; 893:13;

898:12; 901:12; 919:13,

20, 22; 967:22; 992:20

Environmental [13] - 724:1;

739:18; 750:19, 25; 751:2;

821:21; 840:9; 849:6;

896:2; 907:11; 911:24;

913:22; 1010:18

EPA [1] - 823:11

EPL [4] - 781:14; 794:4;

801:21; 802:7

EPLs [6] - 780:8; 782:8;

784:21; 794:4; 802:6

equates [2] - 851:14

equation [1] - 862:1

equilibrium [1] - 960:2

equipment [13] - 834:19, 21;

835:4, 8, 20, 22; 857:20;

866:9; 867:7; 869:3;

973:24; 974:8; 993:2

equivalent [1] - 852:2

equivocal [1] - 854:20

ERCB [10] - 721:4; 722:9, 13;

762:4; 782:13, 17, 19;

833:10; 843:13; 854:12

Erin [1] - 722:17

erodes [1] - 791:20

err [2] - 782:9; 784:22

errata [1] - 885:11

erred [1] - 785:1

error [1] - 744:24

escapees [1] - 771:18

escarpment [1] - 1000:2

especially [2] - 729:16;

864:22

Esq [9] - 722:7, 10; 723:2, 7,

9, 13, 23; 724:3

ESRD [2] - 937:8; 949:7

essentially [3] - 756:5;

790:7; 1012:23

establish [2] - 930:19;

999:18

established [3] - 736:20;

850:24; 991:11

ESTABLISHED [1] - 721:1

establishing [2] - 906:1, 12

establishment [2] - 832:10,

23

estimate [18] - 730:1; 770:8;

798:2; 813:20; 827:10;

828:15, 19; 829:13, 18;

840:5; 862:12; 868:7, 11,

13; 870:7; 871:11; 935:12;

944:8

estimated [9] - 742:23;

821:14; 826:1; 868:1;

887:23; 929:13, 17;

938:20; 939:6

estimates [1] - 730:5

et [10] - 766:17; 807:25;

808:3, 8; 809:13; 812:16;

813:12, 20; 815:12; 861:11

etc) [1] - 837:15

Europe [1] - 783:14

evaluate [1] - 905:4

evaluating [1] - 806:22

EVALUATION [2] - 727:14;

814:21

Evaluation [1] - 804:18

evaluation [1] - 889:15

evening [1] - 1018:10

event [6] - 737:13; 792:24;

793:25; 795:15; 798:15;

973:5

events [1] - 940:17

eventually [2] - 767:24;

843:19

everywhere [1] - 1014:24

evidence [7] - 729:18;

745:20; 749:19; 804:24;

855:20; 896:21

evidenced [1] - 812:22

evolution [2] - 835:20;

866:24

evolves [1] - 834:21

exact [5] - 748:5; 769:8;

858:22; 880:15; 983:18

exactly [13] - 769:2; 771:6;

772:7, 18; 773:1; 776:1;

829:5; 851:21; 939:10;

968:14; 1001:7; 1007:24;

1011:12

EXAMINATION [14] - 725:20,

22; 726:3, 7, 10; 727:5, 8;

735:10, 15; 736:4; 740:4;

880:3; 947:2; 955:4

examination [1] - 749:14

examine [5] - 729:13, 16, 20,

23; 955:7

example [19] - 750:8; 758:4;

769:21; 771:22; 787:5;

796:16; 829:13; 834:13;

837:9; 909:20; 934:7;

951:18; 962:13; 964:19;

969:3; 972:16; 978:24;

983:2; 999:9

examples [2] - 794:22;

893:10

excavator [1] - 834:25

exception [1] - 863:10

excerpt [3] - 744:7; 886:16;

921:19

EXCERPT [3] - 727:20;

888:13

excerpted [1] - 779:9

excerpts [2] - 765:12; 921:13

exchange [2] - 960:5, 13

exclusive [1] - 870:12

exclusively [2] - 870:4, 11

excuse [3] - 851:18; 948:15;

1016:6

execute [2] - 750:6; 751:10

execution [4] - 748:22;

750:5, 21; 751:21

Executive [2] - 805:6; 889:9



13

exercise [1] - 897:4

exerted [1] - 852:8

exhaust [2] - 812:8; 827:13

exhibit [17] - 737:24; 748:17;

766:20; 778:25; 803:16,

18; 814:17; 816:12;

819:23; 844:5; 888:9;

921:2, 6, 13, 15; 953:24

EXHIBIT [20] - 726:9; 727:3,

6, 9, 11, 13, 16, 20-21, 24;

735:7, 12, 18; 767:10;

814:21; 844:11; 888:13;

921:19; 953:19; 954:24

Exhibit [32] - 734:21; 742:6;

747:24; 753:1, 6; 758:5;

759:18; 767:16; 776:8;

778:17; 814:25; 824:22;

827:25; 831:17; 859:20;

865:10, 17; 884:22;

888:22; 898:10; 902:9;

906:22; 907:6; 910:11;

920:22; 924:22; 929:4;

954:8; 993:8; 1006:21;

1016:15

EXHIBITS [1] - 727:1

exist [5] - 796:9; 797:14;

869:17; 914:5; 932:19

existed [1] - 768:8

existing [15] - 813:13; 823:2;

824:6; 836:20; 840:23;

846:20; 847:19; 857:3;

875:15; 928:1; 974:9, 11;

978:19; 983:20; 984:11

exists [5] - 752:2; 782:7;

784:20; 798:23; 869:5

expand [1] - 905:21

expanded [1] - 761:25

expanding [2] - 906:4;

1012:13

expansion [2] - 856:2; 928:1

EXPANSION [3] - 721:1;

728:10; 874:24

Expansion [47] - 740:10, 20,

23; 750:23; 752:19;

761:24; 781:19; 817:10,

23; 821:15; 822:23, 25;

823:14; 824:15, 17;

825:19; 826:10, 25; 827:5,

21-22; 828:22, 24; 839:10;

840:18, 23; 843:12;

853:12; 857:1; 858:6;

859:2; 860:11; 866:15;

872:22; 873:14; 874:6, 20;

927:22; 928:3; 929:15;

939:9; 951:9; 952:4;

955:11; 958:19; 995:20;

1002:5

Expansion's [1] - 814:10

expect [14] - 769:23; 770:11;

772:1, 3; 776:2; 867:13;

934:23, 25; 949:5; 959:15;

985:4, 20; 1007:3

expectation [3] - 745:4;

971:16; 979:13

expectations [1] - 750:10

expected [15] - 756:21;

761:23; 776:11; 780:20;

788:17; 794:1; 823:24;

830:23; 875:20; 877:23;

930:19; 963:15; 983:16;

984:4; 998:1

expedited [1] - 854:9

expensive [5] - 792:7, 10-11,

22; 798:10

experience [8] - 797:18;

798:19; 847:21; 870:23;

958:11; 975:11; 977:1, 6

experiences [1] - 1017:17

experiment [5] - 777:2;

786:23; 798:7, 18; 804:10

expert [3] - 809:8; 812:11;

821:13

expertise [1] - 783:20

experts [11] - 776:17; 783:7,

9, 11, 22; 785:11; 787:3,

10; 806:17; 911:2; 956:14

explain [6] - 729:23; 771:19;

820:9; 829:3; 842:5; 852:5

explained [3] - 749:13;

895:25; 1011:15

explains [1] - 789:25

explanation [1] - 846:6

explicitly [1] - 896:11

explore [1] - 796:23

export [9] - 744:3, 15; 745:3,

11, 14; 747:8, 15, 17

exported [2] - 745:5, 9

exports [1] - 744:1

Exports/Imports [1] - 743:25

exposed [1] - 1009:8

express [1] - 1002:13

expressed [2] - 756:2;

798:17

expressing [1] - 757:8

expression [1] - 999:7

expressions [1] - 999:4

extend [2] - 996:13

extending [1] - 847:18

extension [1] - 741:10

extensive [1] - 805:23

extent [10] - 809:25; 810:11,

20; 847:25; 882:14;

924:13; 940:14, 19; 981:5;

987:10

external [5] - 749:22; 756:14;

1005:22; 1007:23; 1012:9

extirpation [1] - 887:24

extra [3] - 876:13; 888:25;

889:1

extraction [1] - 1002:12

extrapolate [1] - 858:17

extreme [2] - 799:5; 999:14

extremely [3] - 797:7;

826:15; 965:19

extremes [1] - 799:10

eye [1] - 783:15

eyeball [1] - 858:23

F

face [1] - 827:13

facilitate [1] - 843:15

facilitating [1] - 947:18

facilities [6] - 741:13; 814:3;

862:7; 863:18, 24; 875:13

facility [1] - 950:19

fact [18] - 745:10; 771:23;

774:15; 788:13; 793:2;

798:25; 843:17; 847:13;

871:15; 892:22; 894:4;

901:9; 917:19; 930:15;

936:25; 942:19; 962:1;

971:8

factor [6] - 821:23; 822:7;

893:15; 970:4; 1008:8, 10

factors [15] - 751:9; 820:13;

821:15; 822:8; 823:21;

826:22; 865:3; 889:22;

922:13; 957:22; 958:25;

967:4; 968:16; 1010:7

facts [1] - 752:13

fail [2] - 798:6, 15

fails [2] - 798:7, 11

fair [19] - 775:19; 786:25;

792:11; 816:6; 826:10;

827:2, 10; 837:17; 840:6,

12; 854:6, 15; 855:1;

862:9; 920:3; 923:18;

938:14; 942:10

fairly [13] - 770:18; 775:21;

785:2, 5; 787:11; 962:25;

963:6; 966:4; 976:24;

983:22; 990:1, 4; 1015:21

fall [6] - 936:25; 967:18;

975:19; 976:5; 978:5;

1008:13

false [1] - 839:13

familiar [12] - 738:21; 776:6;

804:21, 23; 833:24; 834:6;

853:24; 854:1; 856:20;

885:3; 948:17; 960:14

family [1] - 802:22

far [18] - 769:14; 775:23;

783:14; 799:12; 822:19;

843:1; 848:6; 901:24;

935:9; 939:22; 985:14;

1007:24; 1008:21;

1011:15; 1013:23; 1015:2

farmed [1] - 776:16

fashion [2] - 922:22; 923:6

fast [2] - 839:2; 896:24

faster [2] - 923:16

fatalities [1] - 868:16

fate [1] - 802:11

fathom [1] - 974:25

favour [1] - 767:3

feasibility [1] - 789:24

feasible [5] - 809:25; 810:6,

20; 811:10; 812:2

features [6] - 802:17; 839:7;

984:21; 985:15; 986:4;

990:17

fed [1] - 989:24

federal [4] - 952:17, 20

Federal [1] - 936:20

feed [2] - 977:23; 981:6

feeding [1] - 982:25

feeds [1] - 1006:1

fellow [1] - 1013:20

felt [6] - 796:5; 847:23, 25;

861:17, 20; 985:22

Fen [4] - 996:2, 5; 997:3, 8

fen [2] - 1007:22; 1008:1

fence [2] - 970:25; 977:3

fetch [1] - 1009:9

few [20] - 737:19; 775:13, 15;

778:7; 872:5; 881:25;

883:4; 890:24; 892:6;

893:18; 919:24; 936:22;

944:4; 946:23; 964:16;

977:15; 978:7; 983:25;

1013:17

field [3] - 776:17; 785:12;

968:13

fifth [1] - 852:23

fighting [4] - 802:19, 22, 24;

942:21

Figure [6] - 766:6; 781:3;

828:5; 929:12; 1006:21

figure [6] - 766:10; 830:21;

929:11; 986:11; 996:17

file [2] - 733:11; 734:18

filed [7] - 733:1, 4; 749:6;

789:22; 793:12; 815:2;

822:22

filing [1] - 759:11

filings [1] - 793:15

fill [3] - 794:18; 798:11;

1003:1

filling [2] - 790:17; 793:15

filters [2] - 834:14; 835:11

filtration [1] - 1005:14

final [7] - 781:21; 800:14;

801:6; 848:3; 895:20;

949:8; 1016:10

finally [2] - 734:7; 875:19

financial [1] - 749:9

findings [4] - 807:5; 809:21;

812:11; 818:4



14

fine [14] - 730:16; 752:5;

759:21; 812:4; 845:1;

914:11; 979:8; 1002:18;

1003:7; 1011:8, 22;

1012:2; 1013:24; 1014:10

fines [2] - 1002:12; 1011:23

finish [3] - 790:25; 855:17;

944:20

finished [4] - 737:21; 739:20;

930:7; 999:16

finishing [1] - 1003:24

fire [12] - 918:9; 940:15, 19;

941:22; 942:2, 8, 21;

943:1, 4, 6, 21

firefighters [1] - 943:5

fires [9] - 940:8, 23; 941:23;

942:22; 943:8, 11, 15, 24

firm [1] - 833:15

First [14] - 723:7, 11, 13, 16,

22; 733:2, 25; 736:15, 18;

738:5, 9, 11; 954:1;

1017:15

first [44] - 732:14; 745:19;

752:14; 762:14; 776:18,

24; 777:15; 785:21;

788:23; 790:6; 798:25;

813:16; 817:13; 822:16;

825:8, 18-19; 827:11;

832:20; 834:24; 835:2;

837:1; 839:10; 842:2;

845:5; 856:6; 868:22;

873:21; 877:5; 878:14, 16;

879:23; 887:6, 9-10;

890:17; 908:8; 943:3;

950:19; 952:22; 953:24;

976:16; 999:17

fish [100] - 729:17; 768:20;

771:5, 21; 772:1, 15, 20;

773:10, 18-19; 774:5, 8,

22; 775:20; 959:5; 960:15;

961:5, 16-17, 24; 962:2;

963:4, 8-10; 964:16, 21;

967:16; 968:1, 4-5, 8, 12,

15; 969:24; 970:9, 21, 25;

971:16, 19-20, 22; 973:1,

3, 10-11; 974:19, 21, 24;

975:24; 976:1, 3, 8; 977:3;

978:6; 979:14; 981:16;

982:2; 983:1, 10, 12, 20,

22, 25; 984:20, 22; 985:4,

6, 12, 16-18, 20, 23, 25;

986:5, 8, 13, 15, 17;

987:19; 988:5, 9, 15-16,

19, 21; 989:9, 18; 1000:19;

1001:15, 17

Fish [1] - 966:19

fish-fence [2] - 970:25; 977:3

fisher [1] - 957:9

Fisheries [1] - 1015:11

fishing [1] - 969:23

FITCH [2] - 725:11; 731:10

five [12] - 737:11; 775:15;

927:18, 20; 929:19;

937:23, 25; 961:19; 983:3;

994:10, 24; 1004:9

five-year [1] - 929:19

five-years-old [1] - 994:10

fixed [1] - 800:23

flat [6] - 965:19, 21; 966:5;

979:6; 980:22; 990:1

fleet [36] - 812:9; 814:10;

818:14; 821:10, 14, 19;

822:24; 823:1, 8, 14, 16,

19, 22-23; 824:3, 8-9,

11-12; 826:21; 827:5, 13,

17; 828:3, 7; 829:8, 14, 21;

830:1, 3; 834:13, 17;

835:11; 836:8, 12, 20

fleets [6] - 828:4; 829:4;

830:13, 19; 833:21

flexibility [7] - 748:20;

749:11, 21; 750:9, 15;

751:7; 752:2

flights [8] - 871:15, 17;

872:15; 873:1, 24; 874:19;

875:3

FLIGHTS [2] - 728:10;

874:23

Flint [1] - 843:24

FLINT [2] - 727:16; 844:12

flipped [1] - 854:12

flooded [2] - 963:23; 964:20

flow [25] - 837:14; 851:11,

13; 852:7; 857:22; 858:3,

8, 19, 22; 959:7; 974:1, 3,

15; 975:3; 981:11; 983:4;

989:20; 990:8; 992:16;

998:2; 1001:6; 1006:24

flowing [2] - 945:24; 1006:25

flows [13] - 760:6; 843:4;

852:11; 960:12; 975:23;

980:3, 12; 993:12; 998:19;

999:20; 1000:24

fluid [2] - 945:13; 946:7

flush [2] - 992:21

flux [3] - 755:19, 22

fly [2] - 870:25; 872:17

flying [3] - 871:12, 18;

1009:5

focus [1] - 900:15

focused [8] - 749:15; 806:3;

830:12, 18; 845:10;

848:19; 898:24; 1015:16

focussed [1] - 794:6

folks [4] - 870:25; 871:18;

873:3; 874:3

follow [7] - 786:18, 21;

816:13; 885:2; 894:8;

897:19; 1009:21

followed [1] - 739:25

following [5] - 882:12;

915:13; 922:2; 929:12;

954:17

follows [1] - 770:25

food [1] - 837:10

footprint [21] - 761:14;

889:23; 890:11; 898:24;

899:2; 900:16; 901:2, 5;

929:21; 968:18, 22;

969:25; 978:11, 14, 17;

979:18; 981:22; 1012:20,

23

footprints [1] - 1011:17

FOR [2] - 728:14; 886:12

forage [4] - 964:16; 983:25;

986:9; 989:18

forage-fish [1] - 989:18

force [1] - 875:10

forces [1] - 889:25

foreign [4] - 746:24; 747:5;

987:13

foreseeable [4] - 940:9, 11,

17, 21

forest [36] - 918:8; 930:18;

931:3, 7, 11; 932:6, 11, 19;

933:22; 938:20; 939:16;

940:1, 8-9, 15, 19, 23;

941:21, 23; 942:12, 21;

943:4, 6, 8, 17, 24; 955:12,

17; 956:4, 7, 10, 22; 957:1,

3, 7

forest-fire-fighting [1] -

942:21

forestry [1] - 967:6

forests [10] - 927:6; 930:12;

931:11, 20-21; 932:21, 23;

934:3; 938:16; 960:24

forgive [2] - 858:12; 993:17

form [1] - 983:18

formation [2] - 998:15, 17

former [1] - 756:18

formerly [1] - 963:18

Fort [34] - 721:24; 723:11-13,

15; 818:10; 819:9, 11, 13,

18; 861:4, 8, 21; 862:3;

863:4, 8; 864:16; 866:19;

867:4; 869:21; 870:14;

871:12, 19-20; 872:10, 13;

875:21; 965:7; 1008:6, 11,

18; 1013:9

FORT [1] - 721:2

forth [2] - 871:11; 1019:8

forward [7] - 762:10; 849:24;

885:10; 896:21; 920:15;

927:15; 934:1

fought [1] - 943:8

four [13] - 739:21; 752:15,

22; 753:14, 20, 25; 755:17;

760:18; 766:1; 775:15;

819:3; 868:15; 976:25

FOUR [2] - 727:14; 814:22

Four [1] - 804:18

fourth [2] - 733:13; 795:3

framework [16] - 838:23;

845:9; 847:8; 848:10;

853:9, 16; 854:25; 914:15;

915:23; 916:14, 18; 919:4;

920:2, 8

Framework [29] - 781:24;

831:7; 843:10, 20; 844:1,

7-8; 846:17, 25; 847:3, 16,

19; 848:19; 853:3; 854:20;

855:5; 856:8, 10, 12;

857:9, 14; 858:13; 879:11;

914:14; 915:8; 917:10, 12;

918:21

FRAMEWORK [4] - 727:18;

844:14

Fraser [1] - 953:25

Fred [1] - 953:25

freeze [2] - 857:20, 25

frequency [3] - 805:12;

821:4; 882:14

frequent [1] - 979:7

frequently [1] - 982:11

freshwater [5] - 795:4;

1000:7, 14; 1001:6;

1015:13

freshwaters [1] - 1001:10

Freudian [1] - 854:23

Friday [3] - 944:25; 945:12;

946:3

FRIDAY [2] - 726:12;

1018:13

friend [3] - 748:3; 764:15;

884:20

friendly [1] - 834:20

frog [1] - 1014:23

frogs [3] - 1014:12, 15, 21

FROM [10] - 727:10, 12, 16,

21; 728:5; 735:20; 758:18,

20; 844:12

front [4] - 750:22; 886:23;

888:25; 929:9

froth [1] - 732:21

frozen [1] - 1008:14

fruitful [1] - 799:13

fuel [1] - 835:6

fuels [3] - 836:10, 17

fugitive [1] - 814:5

fugitives [1] - 827:14

full [7] - 741:4; 784:13;

785:21; 828:25; 837:10;

973:6; 991:5

fully [2] - 796:12; 995:4

function [5] - 769:9; 788:24;

843:2; 896:19

functioning [2] - 757:12;

837:13

functions [3] - 788:23;



15

842:8; 843:7

fundamental [1] - 794:10

funding [9] - 733:25; 734:1;

736:10, 25; 737:1, 5;

738:11; 838:3, 5

funds [1] - 813:6

Future [1] - 832:8

future [19] - 741:13; 751:1;

775:23; 804:9; 813:1;

836:23; 841:14, 22; 843:1;

878:18; 897:25; 898:3;

920:4; 922:20; 939:22;

987:6; 988:2; 996:15;

1012:16

G

gained [1] - 802:12

gaps [2] - 927:1

Gary [1] - 722:10

gas [6] - 880:7; 944:5;

949:13, 15; 952:12; 953:1

gases [1] - 949:12

gather [2] - 749:4; 910:7

gathered [1] - 985:11

gathering [2] - 897:11;

909:12

general [13] - 746:16;

812:13; 842:9; 860:5;

866:17; 867:19; 868:11;

880:9; 881:4; 884:15;

889:6; 894:9; 936:16

General [2] - 723:8, 23

generalized [1] - 967:12

generally [21] - 746:11;

802:1; 815:8; 826:23;

845:5; 880:11; 908:24;

934:16; 943:6; 950:6, 15;

960:16, 20; 963:4, 11;

966:3; 975:19; 979:4;

984:1; 994:23; 1015:21

generating [1] - 922:17

generations [2] - 841:15, 22

gentleman [2] - 739:2;

955:12

Gentlemen [2] - 803:12;

1017:23

gentlemen [1] - 1017:22

geographical [1] - 882:13

geometry [4] - 790:24;

792:12; 795:5; 1003:11

geotechnical [1] - 802:2

GETU [2] - 725:8; 731:4

GHG [2] - 952:23; 953:10

Gill [1] - 724:16

given [22] - 758:12; 771:23;

790:19; 796:25; 798:19;

806:17; 814:9; 833:24;

841:3; 874:18; 885:14;

891:20; 917:6; 920:6;

922:14, 24; 923:13;

941:14, 20; 953:24;

974:11; 1005:21

glad [1] - 885:10

Gladys [1] - 722:15

glitch [1] - 973:15

globally [1] - 798:20

globe [1] - 783:8

GOA [2] - 727:24; 954:24

goal [7] - 813:3; 950:7, 24;

951:11, 19-20; 984:22

goals [1] - 792:20

GOING [2] - 728:4; 758:18

Golder [3] - 880:12, 20;

900:18

GOODJOHN [3] - 725:5;

730:23; 971:25

Goodjohn [1] - 971:21

goods [4] - 866:11; 867:12,

17; 869:4

Gorrie [11] - 724:1, 4, 6, 9,

11; 739:19; 764:15; 880:1;

946:20, 22; 953:16

GORRIE [13] - 726:3, 7;

880:4; 888:17; 895:16;

897:21; 921:23; 944:1, 10;

946:23; 947:3; 953:14

gosh [1] - 880:14

Government [8] - 733:16;

736:21; 762:16; 804:18;

806:18; 832:16; 843:24;

847:23

government [3] - 833:1;

838:22; 916:4

GOVERNMENT [3] - 721:12;

727:17; 844:12

gradient [7] - 964:7; 965:18;

966:2, 4; 979:6, 11; 990:10

gradual [1] - 828:25

Grand [3] - 965:8; 998:14, 17

Grant [2] - 738:21; 739:7

graph [5] - 829:3, 12; 830:12,

15; 858:16

gravel [3] - 964:8; 966:2;

978:24

gravelled [1] - 965:10

gravels [4] - 964:24; 965:3

grayling [34] - 962:18;

963:20, 22; 965:4; 966:10,

13, 17, 20, 25; 967:2;

968:21, 24; 976:13, 15, 17,

21, 23; 977:7, 11, 16, 21;

978:8; 979:17; 980:7, 23;

981:9, 11, 13, 25; 982:8,

16, 19; 984:13

great [14] - 730:12; 735:2;

786:15; 791:19; 882:9;

886:2; 904:6; 905:3, 14;

925:12; 937:16; 982:13;

991:25; 993:6

greater [4] - 910:16; 911:18;

943:7, 12

greater-than [1] - 910:16

green [2] - 932:10, 17

greenhouse [6] - 880:7;

944:5; 949:12, 15; 953:1

greetings [1] - 955:5

Gregoire [2] - 867:2; 983:2

ground [3] - 964:2; 991:24;

1012:5

grounds [3] - 981:16;

987:25; 1000:13

groundwater [10] - 779:23;

992:12; 993:24; 998:1, 19;

999:8; 1000:23; 1007:3,

10; 1013:2

group [7] - 739:13; 763:17;

838:5, 7, 11, 15, 21

Group [5] - 737:7; 777:10;

831:5; 837:21

groups [2] - 723:19; 740:1

GROUPS [2] - 725:21; 736:5

grow [2] - 829:17; 957:3

growing [2] - 890:10; 899:4

grows [2] - 957:4, 7

growth [33] - 860:13, 21;

863:20; 864:16; 865:1;

890:18, 21; 927:6; 930:12,

18, 25; 931:3, 7, 15; 932:3,

11, 18, 20, 23-24; 938:16,

20, 23; 939:16; 940:2;

942:12; 943:17, 19, 23;

957:1

guarantee [1] - 907:1

guess [28] - 738:23; 775:12,

17, 22; 784:12; 828:19;

858:3; 875:7; 888:8;

893:12, 19; 930:11;

938:12; 946:25; 948:1;

956:6; 958:10; 965:13;

967:4; 981:4; 984:10;

987:20; 993:11; 997:18;

998:14; 1012:4, 11;

1016:14

guessing [3] - 927:17; 930:3

Guidance [3] - 768:24;

902:4; 905:6

guidance [13] - 738:8; 776:7,

11, 20; 777:6; 783:6;

798:1; 854:14; 882:17;

901:20, 24; 908:17

guide [8] - 784:23; 854:10;

902:6; 905:7; 912:1, 22;

920:2

Guide [7] - 785:24; 904:17;

905:25; 906:11; 908:22;

909:3; 912:21

guided [1] - 853:20

guidelines [5] - 763:2;

918:18; 920:13, 17; 961:6

guides [1] - 915:21

gun [1] - 797:23

guys [2] - 907:3; 972:10

H

Habitat [1] - 948:3

habitat [68] - 768:15; 883:19;

884:4, 8; 894:4; 911:9;

912:12; 924:4; 926:17;

930:11; 931:3, 24; 932:8;

933:6, 13; 936:3, 6;

937:15; 938:4, 7; 956:19;

958:15; 963:22; 964:18;

965:16, 19, 21, 23; 966:5,

8, 10, 16, 25; 967:2, 7;

968:17, 19, 22-23; 969:1,

8; 970:16; 979:5, 8, 15-16,

20; 980:17, 21, 24-25;

981:2; 982:19; 984:11, 13,

21; 985:15; 986:3; 990:3,

11, 17, 19, 22; 991:5, 10

habitats [4] - 934:3; 979:2, 4

half [3] - 913:10; 944:11, 13

halfway [2] - 886:24; 890:17

Han [1] - 766:17

hand [4] - 794:23; 816:11;

830:14; 921:8

handed [4] - 779:8; 804:15;

843:23; 847:16

handled [1] - 873:19

handles [1] - 871:15

handy [1] - 777:14

hang [1] - 881:15

happy [5] - 732:12; 797:18;

803:3; 842:5; 849:7

hard [16] - 733:5, 11; 764:21;

778:13, 23; 779:6; 801:13,

24; 807:18; 816:11;

826:15; 831:21; 896:24;

929:8; 937:11

harder [1] - 926:16

hardly [2] - 968:5, 8

harm [2] - 772:16; 773:17

Hartley [2] - 963:19; 966:7

harvest [2] - 918:9; 933:22

HAS [2] - 728:8; 841:8

hatch [1] - 963:6

haul [3] - 834:23; 1013:15,

19

haul-trucks [1] - 834:23

hauled [3] - 1013:9; 1014:4,

9

HAVE [2] - 728:4; 758:17

HAVERS [2] - 725:5; 730:22

Hazard [2] - 865:8; 868:14

hazardous [4] - 866:11;

867:12, 17; 869:4



16

hazards [2] - 869:14, 17

head [3] - 754:8; 1010:9

heading [7] - 779:14; 784:10;

795:2; 807:17; 818:5;

852:17; 860:25

heads [3] - 986:16; 987:17;

994:4

headwaters [1] - 839:16

Health [1] - 850:8

health [6] - 773:20; 850:5,

11, 20, 22; 1008:11

healthy [1] - 771:21

hear [1] - 881:14

heard [3] - 835:25; 955:9;

956:23

HEARING [5] - 721:15;

726:4; 944:15; 1018:12

hearing [4] - 762:14; 790:10;

797:15; 955:10

Hearing [1] - 722:12

heaters [1] - 828:7

heating [1] - 826:22

heavily [1] - 917:20

Heavy [1] - 951:12

heavy [6] - 866:9; 869:3;

950:7; 951:13; 953:5;

973:23

hectares [6] - 877:12; 930:4,

6; 938:21; 939:7

height [3] - 1009:17, 19;

1010:8

heights [3] - 1010:15, 17, 24

Held [1] - 721:23

hello [1] - 928:5

help [15] - 741:20; 742:19;

748:15; 752:17; 832:12;

870:12; 882:8; 884:1;

905:15; 991:17; 992:17;

994:14; 1005:24; 1010:19

helpful [9] - 751:5; 761:22;

765:3; 825:11; 829:2;

832:14; 846:9; 863:2;

920:5

helping [1] - 882:5

helps [3] - 803:19; 811:18;

1004:6

hereby [1] - 1019:5

herein [1] - 1019:8

hereunto [1] - 1019:13

hesitating [1] - 941:4

hi [2] - 994:15; 1014:13

high [37] - 745:16; 774:7, 10,

17; 775:25; 782:4; 783:23;

784:3, 17; 785:12, 14;

787:11; 796:14; 828:12;

861:8, 13, 19; 881:11;

882:20; 893:13, 16, 20;

895:7; 910:14; 911:18;

912:7; 913:18; 961:8, 11;

969:7; 975:23; 984:12;

985:23; 988:20

higher [11] - 815:8; 823:10;

827:20; 878:22; 964:7;

977:5; 990:10; 1009:22;

1010:10; 1011:4

higher-emitting [1] - 823:10

highest [4] - 823:25; 835:7;

863:4, 9

highlighted [2] - 778:8;

787:9

highlights [1] - 778:10

highway [2] - 869:19; 870:16

Highway [4] - 866:7, 18, 25;

868:17

historic [3] - 970:5; 973:9;

978:11

historical [1] - 969:5

historically [1] - 963:17

hmm [1] - 1010:3

hold [2] - 920:16; 974:13

holder [1] - 856:6

holding [1] - 740:21

holdings [2] - 741:24; 792:13

holds [1] - 737:16

hole [1] - 755:3

holiday [1] - 946:6

home [5] - 861:4; 935:17, 24;

1017:8, 19

homes [1] - 1017:2

hone [1] - 1016:13

hope [2] - 817:25; 818:1

hopeful [1] - 920:4

hopefully [2] - 915:23;

945:13

hoping [1] - 856:16

horizon [1] - 774:24

hour [5] - 730:5; 870:24;

876:15; 944:11, 13

hour-and-some-odd [1] -

870:24

hours [1] - 871:4

house [1] - 861:9

housed [2] - 875:8, 11

housekeeping [5] - 729:5;

731:24; 803:13; 946:20;

953:22

Housing [1] - 860:25

housing [13] - 861:13, 20,

24-25; 862:3, 6; 863:3, 8;

864:23; 1016:16; 1017:10,

15, 18

HOW [2] - 728:11; 874:25

Hrynyshyn" [2] - 778:1

human [5] - 773:20; 774:22;

775:21; 922:23; 1008:11

hundred [5] - 931:2, 22;

933:2; 956:23

hybrid [3] - 834:24; 836:13

hydraulic [1] - 994:4

hydrocarbons [2] - 812:5;

820:6

hydrogeology [1] - 993:6

hydrology [2] - 993:9;

1006:18

hypothetical [1] - 795:9

I

ice [11] - 857:21; 962:25;

963:2; 971:3; 974:25;

976:18, 22; 977:13; 999:6

ice-covered [2] - 977:13

ice-out [1] - 962:25

idea [9] - 730:2; 761:4;

769:18; 927:4; 949:4;

955:20, 25; 1004:9, 12

ideas [1] - 959:6

identification [1] - 1015:20

identified [17] - 741:24;

756:9; 757:21; 792:18;

799:6; 800:17; 820:14;

869:15; 881:3; 885:11;

963:8; 965:10; 968:5;

969:11; 991:2; 993:7;

1000:7

IDENTIFIED [2] - 728:4;

758:18

identifies [1] - 790:6

identify [7] - 743:4; 796:22;

799:10; 803:14; 958:21;

964:3; 999:18

II [2] - 823:9; 827:18

III [1] - 888:21

imagine [2] - 871:22; 974:18

immediate [4] - 883:24;

909:16; 956:19; 993:25

Impact [4] - 750:19; 840:10;

849:7; 1010:18

impact [16] - 751:2, 25;

752:1; 807:2; 811:15;

820:4, 7, 13; 840:13;

841:25; 897:25; 898:3;

967:10; 970:18; 1000:11;

1002:2

impacted [4] - 891:22; 892:9;

968:7

impacting [1] - 820:2

impacts [28] - 739:20; 749:2;

750:13; 751:8, 15; 782:7;

784:6, 20; 785:14; 805:14;

806:11, 19; 811:11, 14;

822:20; 824:14; 833:7;

840:11; 841:13; 850:6;

859:24; 864:16; 874:6;

894:11; 913:18; 924:9;

956:10; 1000:23

Impacts [1] - 890:13

Imperial [4] - 760:6, 11;

839:14; 873:8

impermeable [1] - 996:25

implement [1] - 798:20

implementation [2] - 791:25;

807:12

implication [2] - 813:25;

1010:25

implying [1] - 916:20

import [6] - 746:23; 747:4,

6-7; 951:3; 953:6

important [17] - 750:3; 751:8,

14; 788:21; 796:5; 797:12;

845:21; 855:22; 903:9;

904:17; 950:16; 952:9;

967:25; 997:3; 1007:2;

1008:10; 1016:13

imported [3] - 949:16, 19;

950:4

Imports [1] - 744:5

impoundments [2] - 979:8;

990:6

improvements [2] - 769:21;

833:6

impurities [1] - 792:2

IN [13] - 721:1, 3, 5-6, 8-9;

728:4, 12, 14; 758:18;

875:1; 886:13; 1019:13

In-situ [3] - 742:22; 743:5, 15

in-stream [1] - 851:11

inability [1] - 791:12

inappropriate [2] - 799:10;

879:13

Inc [1] - 724:15

incident [3] - 733:3; 734:13

incidents [1] - 732:20

include [19] - 738:6; 782:13;

828:7; 830:7; 841:20;

854:3; 874:13; 895:12;

897:25; 943:14, 16; 965:2,

15; 970:13; 987:25;

989:13; 992:7; 1001:20

included [12] - 759:12;

823:18; 830:17; 848:25;

849:3; 878:24; 884:6, 9;

906:3; 940:17; 970:16;

986:5

includes [8] - 738:10; 759:3;

812:8; 822:6; 853:13;

865:8; 929:15; 947:17

INCLUDING [2] - 728:5;

758:18

including [10] - 736:25;

757:22; 781:11; 815:2;

839:8; 848:13; 918:10;

953:2; 972:24; 989:16

income [2] - 861:16, 21

incorporate [4] - 811:19;

828:21; 915:1; 984:18

incorporating [1] - 821:22

incorrect [3] - 765:14, 16;



17

783:10

increase [24] - 743:21;

744:10, 13, 15-16; 745:2,

11-12; 747:2; 829:1;

840:18; 863:21; 866:6;

868:16; 869:18; 873:14,

17; 875:21; 934:11, 24;

935:25; 936:8; 942:23;

943:23

increased [9] - 818:9;

847:24; 861:24; 864:23;

867:23; 941:21; 942:11;

943:22

increases [9] - 754:25;

776:4; 819:7; 862:9;

869:19; 890:4; 961:8;

962:1; 1010:10

increasing [3] - 816:9;

861:24; 961:1

indefinitely [1] - 759:22

INDEX [3] - 725:1; 727:1;

728:1

indicate [3] - 915:17; 917:11;

970:10

indicated [12] - 793:14;

795:15; 796:17; 798:21;

833:16; 901:11; 941:13;

949:17, 21; 969:20; 986:1;

1018:8

indicates [4] - 759:23;

771:14, 24; 892:8

indicating [1] - 1018:4

indication [2] - 969:17, 23

indicator [12] - 884:3; 894:7;

895:2; 897:11; 899:7;

909:14, 18; 910:8; 917:6;

933:12; 968:19

indicators [21] - 751:16;

862:4; 891:10; 892:13, 16,

25; 893:1, 3, 5, 9, 25;

894:12, 15, 19; 895:21, 23;

896:7; 909:21; 914:15;

919:23; 1016:24

indirect [2] - 924:3

individual [1] - 892:24

individuals [3] - 723:19;

871:10; 969:17

INDIVIDUALS [2] - 725:20;

736:5

Industrial [3] - 736:10;

925:25; 939:8

industrial [13] - 810:8; 820:2,

5; 866:21, 24; 867:3-5;

869:22; 890:10; 933:20;

938:23; 966:23

industries [1] - 833:3

industry [10] - 736:9, 20, 23;

798:20; 800:9; 858:20;

937:9; 948:5; 1002:8, 17

Industry [1] - 736:22

inflow [3] - 756:22; 758:8;

759:12

inform [4] - 854:2; 918:22;

942:9; 943:2

information [63] - 734:4;

737:16; 741:2; 756:25;

757:5; 758:7; 759:23;

764:3, 18; 765:18, 25;

793:7; 798:13; 799:8;

802:10; 804:4; 806:23;

821:12; 822:22; 830:25;

860:3; 862:15, 24; 863:11;

864:8; 865:19; 867:18;

870:21; 883:14; 891:20;

892:3, 5, 14; 893:1, 17;

894:12-14; 897:1, 9;

900:19; 901:13; 909:15,

17; 910:19; 915:4; 926:12,

19, 25; 927:5; 945:24;

946:13; 971:4; 977:7;

978:11, 13, 19, 21; 980:19;

999:2, 4; 1017:14

Information [8] - 742:7;

824:25; 859:21; 902:11;

907:8; 920:21; 924:21;

928:17

informed [1] - 889:4

informs [1] - 807:2

infrastructure [6] - 862:8,

10; 863:22; 864:3, 25;

941:3

inhabit [1] - 984:7

inhabits [1] - 973:7

initiated [2] - 813:4; 1018:4

initiative [2] - 948:10, 12

initiatives [1] - 1001:23

injured [1] - 869:6

injuries [1] - 868:16

inlet [2] - 990:16

innovation [1] - 836:2

innovations [1] - 802:23

input [7] - 777:6; 810:24;

969:10; 985:11; 987:3;

991:17; 1007:14

inputs [4] - 809:14, 22;

810:18, 20

inside [1] - 1005:25

installed [6] - 971:2; 975:15;

997:16; 1001:4; 1006:17;

1008:16

instance [2] - 894:20; 911:5

instantaneous [1] - 851:13

instead [1] - 802:7

instructive [1] - 920:5

intact [4] - 891:2; 892:6;

893:19; 895:1

intactness [5] - 893:4;

894:20, 23; 895:9; 897:13

intake [3] - 857:16; 1011:9;

1012:15

integrate [1] - 741:12

integrated [7] - 753:18;

760:11; 823:5, 14; 824:8;

1003:22

Integrated [1] - 929:14

integration [1] - 800:20

integrity [9] - 751:13; 837:3,

18, 25; 838:17; 839:12;

845:21; 855:4; 896:19

Integrity [2] - 837:21; 879:11

intended [2] - 792:20; 847:1

intensity [5] - 889:24; 895:7;

950:4; 953:7

intent [2] - 1007:11, 18

intention [4] - 945:11;

954:20; 992:13; 1008:21

intentionally [1] - 783:13

interact [1] - 842:10

interactions [1] - 937:5

interacts [1] - 842:12

interburden [1] - 780:21

interest [7] - 781:25; 806:9;

807:2; 853:20; 854:13;

937:18; 1018:7

interested [12] - 757:6;

787:20; 788:11, 13; 793:6;

796:18; 797:15; 829:21;

842:6; 860:1, 24; 937:10

interesting [2] - 785:20;

874:5

interests [3] - 730:4; 835:5;

922:21

Interim [11] - 843:20; 844:1;

846:16, 25; 847:2, 13, 19;

848:18; 850:19; 853:2;

855:5

INTERIM [2] - 727:18; 844:14

interim [6] - 847:8; 850:25;

853:9, 16; 932:25; 933:5

intermittent [1] - 965:15

internal [1] - 1005:23

international [1] - 783:12

interpretation [2] - 785:8, 10

interrelated [1] - 842:8

interrupt [3] - 895:13;

906:25; 919:8

INTERVENERS [1] - 723:5

interventions [2] - 788:7;

795:3

introduced [1] - 808:21

introduces [1] - 785:24

intuitively [1] - 942:6

invading [2] - 934:20

inventories [1] - 1003:8

Inventory [1] - 814:5

invertebrate [1] - 1015:24

investigate [1] - 806:10

Investigation [1] - 832:2

investments [1] - 951:6

involved [8] - 786:11;

838:10; 869:9; 880:16, 18;

949:1; 974:19; 975:8

involves [4] - 869:1; 876:7;

882:11; 936:3

IOM [1] - 949:2

IRCs [1] - 734:1

IRCs/GIRs [1] - 736:25

is.. [1] - 788:3

Isadore [2] - 999:15; 1000:2

Island [1] - 721:23

isolated [1] - 966:1

isometric [1] - 995:14

issue [10] - 801:21; 839:17;

885:10; 895:20; 901:21;

910:9; 927:6; 936:18;

937:4, 18

Issue [1] - 973:16

issued [2] - 776:13; 915:11

issues [8] - 790:23; 802:19;

846:13; 859:13; 862:25;

864:8, 11; 943:9

IT [2] - 728:6; 758:21

item [1] - 742:20

items [3] - 732:4, 10; 743:9

itself [31] - 770:20; 787:19;

822:17; 830:23; 831:2;

843:17; 900:16; 958:9;

962:2; 963:15, 25; 964:1,

3, 10; 965:6, 18; 966:3;

967:20; 972:19; 979:10,

19; 980:7, 18; 981:22;

982:3, 14; 984:16; 986:6;

990:1, 9; 991:7

IV [3] - 827:24; 829:23, 25

J

Jackfish [2] - 963:18, 25

jackfish [7] - 964:19; 971:23;

972:10; 983:6; 984:9;

989:22; 1001:20

JACKPINE [1] - 721:1

Jackpine [90] - 740:9, 11, 20,

23; 741:8, 10, 13, 18, 25;

745:6; 749:5, 25; 750:23;

752:18; 753:17; 760:25;

762:14; 781:18; 814:10;

817:6, 12; 822:24; 823:5-7,

14-15; 824:3; 825:18;

827:4, 21; 828:21, 23;

839:10; 840:22; 843:11;

853:12; 856:25; 857:3, 17;

858:5; 859:2, 24; 860:11;

866:14; 872:22; 873:14,

20; 927:21, 23; 935:9;

939:8; 947:5, 24; 949:13;

950:2, 10, 14, 25; 952:3;

955:10; 958:19; 961:21;



18

966:6; 971:9; 978:15;

982:10; 987:4; 995:20;

996:4, 13; 1001:4; 1002:3,

5; 1003:22; 1004:1;

1005:9; 1013:10, 22

JALKOTZY [19] - 725:8;

728:13; 731:3; 883:9;

885:5; 886:11; 890:12;

908:4; 912:10; 913:5;

921:4; 922:5; 931:9; 934:6;

940:24; 948:19; 956:16;

1014:13; 1015:10

Jalkotzy [5] - 912:4; 920:25;

923:5; 948:16; 956:15

jam [1] - 778:18

Jamault [1] - 722:8

James [2] - 723:9; 777:24

JASON [2] - 725:6; 730:24

Jean [1] - 722:20

Jean-Pierre [1] - 722:20

Jeerakathil [1] - 723:13

JEFF [2] - 725:16; 731:20

Jefferson [6] - 733:13, 17,

24; 734:2; 736:7; 954:2

JEFFERSON [7] - 725:14;

731:15; 734:3; 736:13;

739:5; 875:10; 1016:18

Jenny [1] - 723:7

JERRY [3] - 725:9; 731:5;

766:4

Jerry [3] - 762:19; 766:3;

772:8

jet [2] - 871:24; 872:20

jets [3] - 873:5; 874:7, 11

Jill [1] - 722:7

Jim [1] - 722:3

JOAO [2] - 725:9; 731:6

John [15] - 723:15; 738:21;

739:7; 956:20; 959:2;

971:25; 986:19; 993:19;

994:15; 997:14; 999:12;

1002:1; 1012:17; 1014:13;

1016:22

JOHN [4] - 725:16; 726:10;

731:19; 955:4

JOHNSTON [6] - 729:11, 15;

730:4, 9, 16, 18

Johnston [8] - 723:15;

724:8; 729:10, 25; 730:8;

739:23, 25; 1016:9

JOINT [3] - 721:1; 722:2

joint [1] - 807:11

Joint [9] - 722:7; 833:11;

841:12; 843:13; 854:7, 12;

881:8; 899:14, 18

Joslyn [2] - 900:3; 917:25

JPME's [2] - 768:20; 860:21

JRP [2] - 906:21; 907:7

judgment [5] - 897:3, 7;

910:6; 926:22, 24

Judy [1] - 831:12

July [4] - 976:16; 977:1, 5,

12

jump [1] - 797:22

juncture [1] - 761:22

June [3] - 733:15; 843:21;

977:14

JUNE [2] - 727:10; 735:19

Justice [1] - 723:23

K

Karin [3] - 723:11; 724:1;

739:16

KASEY [2] - 725:10; 731:7

Kasey [3] - 959:8; 1015:13,

15

Katherine [1] - 724:3

Kearl [20] - 759:13, 20;

760:7; 791:1, 3, 6-7, 11-12;

817:14, 22; 839:14;

843:12, 14; 871:17; 873:6;

994:5, 18, 22

keep [11] - 871:7; 914:23;

931:6; 945:24; 946:13;

955:7; 959:24; 983:11;

1001:7; 1009:16

keeping [1] - 960:7

Keith [1] - 724:6

Kellie [1] - 724:8

Kelly [6] - 807:25; 808:3;

809:13; 812:16; 813:20

Kelly/Schindler [1] - 808:8

kept [1] - 1009:11

key [7] - 747:18; 748:24;

789:10; 793:23; 899:7;

1016:23

Khahago [1] - 975:9

killed [1] - 734:14

kilometre [1] - 994:4

kilometres [19] - 752:23;

753:11-13, 22; 754:1;

795:7; 839:5; 840:1, 5;

935:11, 15, 18, 20, 23;

972:20; 991:22; 994:5

kind [11] - 842:12; 917:4;

942:21; 957:9; 958:13;

985:4, 20; 986:15; 999:21;

1001:18

kinds [4] - 884:14; 924:1, 16;

1001:15

Kindzeirski [3] - 815:12, 22;

816:14

Kindzeirski's [3] - 816:7, 10;

818:4

Kirk [1] - 723:8

KIRs [1] - 925:19

knowing [2] - 765:23;

1003:19

knowledge [7] - 750:6;

883:22; 908:14; 969:10,

19; 970:13

knowledgeable [2] - 795:23

known [8] - 762:24; 799:9;

831:16; 883:18; 925:15;

965:2, 7, 15

Kolenick [1] - 723:3

KOPPE [5] - 725:7; 731:1;

773:25; 988:8; 1015:4

Koppe [3] - 773:21, 25;

985:22

Koppe" [1] - 775:8

Kovach [10] - 752:17;

758:13; 789:20; 818:3;

825:2; 830:6; 832:15;

841:11; 847:12; 878:14

KOVACH [37] - 725:15;

728:3; 731:17; 752:18;

755:21; 758:16; 760:5;

768:10; 777:8; 788:20;

805:17; 806:8; 811:6;

813:15; 816:21; 818:16;

819:14; 825:3; 831:8, 25;

834:8; 837:19; 840:2;

841:16; 843:18; 852:19;

858:7; 879:8; 947:21;

955:14; 991:21; 993:17;

994:13; 996:21; 1000:16;

1005:19; 1010:16

Krista [1] - 722:16

Kupper [3] - 994:14

KUPPER [6] - 725:9; 731:6;

994:15, 21; 998:12; 1000:8

L

lab [1] - 949:2

labelled [1] - 827:13

labour [1] - 875:10

LaCasse [1] - 722:11

lack [2] - 917:6, 8

lacking [1] - 979:4

lacks [1] - 982:18

Ladha [1] - 724:7

Ladies [2] - 803:12; 1017:22

lag [1] - 959:17

lagoon [2] - 1013:10, 20

laid [1] - 786:17

Lake [28] - 753:10; 754:17;

755:18; 760:1, 3; 768:24;

777:10; 971:9, 11; 980:6;

983:2; 989:9, 21, 23;

990:9; 991:15, 19, 21;

994:5, 18, 22; 996:2, 5;

997:2, 7; 1000:3

lake [115] - 753:24; 754:2, 21;

756:3, 22; 757:12; 758:9,

25; 759:3, 12-14; 762:6, 9;

763:13, 19-21; 764:1, 9,

19; 765:19; 768:8, 12-13;

771:21; 772:6, 17; 773:7,

13; 777:6, 17; 778:4, 8;

780:6; 782:20; 783:6, 23;

787:25; 788:25; 789:7;

792:19; 793:1, 13; 794:7,

9, 13, 15-16; 795:5, 8, 13;

796:20, 25; 797:11; 798:1,

10; 799:3; 800:13, 15;

804:4; 965:6; 972:7, 17;

981:21; 982:21, 24-25;

983:2, 9, 11, 16, 19, 21;

984:5, 7, 16-17, 20; 985:5,

8, 10, 21, 24; 986:3, 5-6, 8,

11, 14, 21; 987:4, 11, 17,

19, 23; 988:3, 6; 989:6, 10,

14, 16-17, 19; 990:1;

991:3, 6; 999:15

lakes [91] - 752:12, 15, 19,

22; 753:13, 16, 20; 754:4,

13; 755:15, 17; 759:20, 24;

760:12, 18, 21, 24-25;

761:3, 6, 9, 18; 762:17, 22;

763:10; 767:15, 23; 769:3,

10, 22, 24; 770:1, 12;

771:1; 772:21; 773:7,

10-11, 18; 776:11; 777:1;

779:19; 780:15, 19, 25;

781:8, 22; 782:16; 783:9,

20; 785:4, 12-13; 786:17,

24; 787:12; 788:17, 22;

789:16; 790:4; 793:16, 18,

21; 795:23; 796:16; 797:4,

13, 16; 798:3, 6, 15, 18,

24; 799:9, 19; 801:7, 25;

802:17; 941:17; 959:13;

985:1; 988:10, 15, 17;

989:4; 1003:1, 6

Lakes [2] - 753:7; 801:10

Lambrecht [1] - 723:8

Land [1] - 831:23

land [10] - 833:4; 842:22;

843:3; 845:20; 873:11, 15;

930:20; 958:3; 986:12, 22

landing [3] - 877:18, 22

Landing [2] - 1008:18;

1009:2

landings [1] - 878:1

lands [2] - 842:23; 929:18

landscape [25] - 753:18;

801:5; 843:1; 896:14;

899:5; 922:24; 931:3, 7;

934:18; 935:1; 937:9;

941:6, 11, 15-17; 942:5,

13, 15; 957:11; 959:13, 18;

984:15; 985:13; 990:4

landscapes [3] - 922:3, 8, 21

large [16] - 754:17; 770:18;

777:2; 809:14, 22; 810:18;



19

811:1, 3; 812:2; 815:21;

924:2; 972:17; 978:4;

995:23; 1003:8; 1012:25

large-scale [1] - 777:2

larger [6] - 755:3, 7, 9;

931:13; 956:2; 1012:20

largest [6] - 754:12; 823:16,

20; 827:22; 861:5

LARP [7] - 831:16; 832:1;

888:20; 917:7, 9; 924:15;

936:19

last [32] - 732:22; 733:23;

740:13, 20; 741:8; 755:14;

761:7; 765:6; 776:19;

780:16; 791:5, 10, 24;

805:7, 25; 806:2, 4;

807:19; 808:12, 16;

877:16; 884:11; 902:16,

24; 904:2; 936:22; 945:10;

994:24; 998:15; 1013:17

late [2] - 761:16; 853:8

late-2030s [1] - 761:17

latest [1] - 758:7

latter [1] - 1003:23

lay [1] - 910:13

layer [2] - 996:25

layered [1] - 919:22

leaching [1] - 802:4

lead [2] - 773:21; 820:13

Leader [1] - 722:12

leading [2] - 800:11; 836:1

lean [1] - 780:21

learned [1] - 786:20

Lease [6] - 741:11; 762:1;

791:9, 14; 997:16; 999:14

lease [6] - 741:17, 24; 768:9,

20; 792:12, 15

Lease-13 [1] - 760:25

leased [1] - 872:25

Leases [2] - 839:21; 1003:12

leases [5] - 741:14, 16-17;

742:1; 790:17

least [6] - 826:12; 854:9;

857:6; 930:24; 931:2;

945:4

leave [9] - 730:14; 752:10;

803:3; 870:5; 876:17;

881:19; 890:24; 944:6;

954:3

left [5] - 794:23; 879:20;

881:7; 968:4, 8

left-hand [1] - 794:23

legal [1] - 938:2

lends [1] - 770:20

length [1] - 972:24

lengths [2] - 786:16; 840:2

lengthy [1] - 779:9

Les [1] - 722:4

less [17] - 771:6; 775:16;

792:10; 828:12; 835:1;

894:25; 911:14; 933:3;

949:16; 958:5, 22; 982:11;

1008:20; 1011:17, 24;

1012:4

lessons [1] - 786:20

LETTER [4] - 727:9, 16;

735:19; 844:11

letter [9] - 733:15, 21;

734:15; 843:23; 844:7, 20;

845:2; 847:16; 997:3

level [45] - 769:9; 771:16;

772:12, 24; 773:1, 22;

774:17; 787:11; 797:21;

798:5, 22; 852:1; 893:3;

895:8; 897:13; 898:13, 18;

900:17; 901:19, 23;

916:24; 926:3; 934:17;

937:7; 949:16, 19; 960:22;

961:9; 975:12, 14; 985:23;

988:20; 995:6-8, 14, 18;

1002:20; 1009:7

level' [1] - 914:5

levelled [1] - 766:2

levels [19] - 771:2; 772:7;

830:23; 850:25; 861:16;

890:5; 893:17; 895:7;

922:23; 993:24; 994:11,

16, 23; 995:14, 17;

1000:12; 1001:13; 1015:7

licence [2] - 856:22; 857:4

life [2] - 962:10; 1007:8

lifecycle [1] - 991:5

lifestage [1] - 973:11

lifetime [1] - 988:23

lifetimes [1] - 989:4

light [1] - 807:4

likelihood [3] - 926:8;

942:20, 23

likely [20] - 729:18; 782:7;

784:20; 800:19; 872:9;

907:24; 909:9; 946:9;

972:18; 973:7, 22; 974:21;

975:2; 979:19; 984:6, 8;

985:7; 986:7; 998:5;

1016:1

limit [7] - 809:24; 810:10, 20;

811:4, 8; 914:16; 962:20

limitations [4] - 806:21;

807:9; 813:13, 19

LIMITED [1] - 721:2

limited [5] - 806:19; 813:6;

845:6; 849:25

limiting [3] - 769:22, 24;

970:4

limits [5] - 805:12; 832:24;

833:3; 846:16; 901:18

LINDA [4] - 725:5, 14;

730:22; 731:15

line [10] - 744:6; 784:8;

786:2; 829:19; 879:9;

902:17, 24; 904:3; 958:24;

974:10

LINEAR [1] - 727:22

linear [1] - 890:21

Linear [2] - 921:3, 20

liner [5] - 1004:16; 1005:6,

16; 1006:9

lines [8] - 732:22; 743:2, 11;

744:4; 829:17; 884:24;

890:23

Lingen [1] - 722:17

list [9] - 737:10, 12; 779:1;

788:5; 794:20; 797:2;

799:12; 803:16; 989:12

listed [4] - 793:9; 825:19;

849:12, 19

listen [1] - 751:6

lists [2] - 795:9; 796:12

literature [2] - 775:18;

934:22

LITERATURE [1] - 727:23

Literature [1] - 921:21

litmus [2] - 850:5, 14

litre [1] - 961:10

live [6] - 769:2; 770:2; 771:4;

968:3; 983:3

lived [2] - 960:9, 11

living [5] - 768:16; 769:15;

771:17; 864:22; 973:10

load [2] - 821:22; 822:7

loading [2] - 810:13, 17

loadings [7] - 809:4, 25;

810:6, 10, 14; 811:15;

813:21

loads [3] - 867:12, 16

Local [14] - 842:2; 898:22;

899:9; 900:12, 15, 25;

901:5, 7, 17; 934:15;

942:17; 978:8; 995:1

local [12] - 740:15; 769:23;

814:6; 899:5; 901:9, 19;

903:12; 904:19; 916:24;

955:22; 971:17; 986:8

locally [1] - 900:13

locate [3] - 733:10; 736:14;

913:4

located [6] - 781:8; 875:9;

964:9; 969:21; 971:13;

1006:22

location [7] - 821:6; 826:18;

966:17; 972:15; 981:20;

994:17, 22

logistics [3] - 873:3; 874:3;

946:4

logs [1] - 964:22

long-nose [2] - 964:15;

983:24

long-term [2] - 983:16;

984:22

longer-term [1] - 740:18

look [91] - 743:24; 744:9, 15;

751:23; 754:8, 10; 758:2;

759:9; 771:17; 772:2;

778:13; 787:15; 789:6, 22;

794:22; 796:6; 801:16;

805:20; 811:11, 14, 17;

818:25; 821:5; 823:1;

824:20; 828:2, 10; 829:4;

842:20, 25; 843:9; 844:18,

24; 849:6; 858:13; 868:21;

882:17; 883:17; 893:8;

894:12, 16, 23; 897:2;

898:20; 899:9, 11; 901:6,

23; 905:11, 13; 906:7;

907:1; 911:2; 918:11;

919:9; 926:10, 16; 936:19;

942:20; 948:7; 955:24;

957:24; 958:10; 959:1;

962:6; 967:12; 968:3, 12,

15, 17, 25; 969:7; 973:8;

977:3; 987:24; 988:25;

989:16; 1000:21; 1003:20;

1005:20; 1010:20; 1017:11

looked [22] - 734:3; 765:9;

769:2; 775:24; 783:13;

789:14; 794:18; 808:9;

816:15; 823:13, 15; 842:4,

15; 852:15; 878:22; 881:6;

918:8; 919:5; 941:23;

961:25; 962:7

looking [71] - 742:9; 743:1,

14; 755:12; 768:22;

770:19; 772:1; 782:15;

790:23; 810:22; 822:13;

828:2; 840:15; 855:5;

858:1; 862:2; 863:15;

864:13, 18; 874:2; 875:23;

884:13, 17; 885:14;

886:21; 892:13; 894:2, 10,

20; 896:25; 898:21; 899:6;

900:9, 13, 17; 901:25;

902:16; 907:17; 909:17;

910:12; 911:7; 914:20;

917:2, 5; 919:13; 924:23;

925:4, 24; 926:19; 933:20;

939:3, 14, 20, 22; 942:17;

946:13; 993:19, 21;

997:19; 999:17; 1004:5;

1011:14, 16; 1015:10;

1016:21; 1017:13

looks [11] - 827:8; 829:18;

840:10, 13; 844:22;

856:14; 858:24; 886:6;

899:5; 929:20; 986:25

Loss [3] - 854:4; 970:15;

989:13

loss [15] - 732:19; 911:9;

924:4; 926:17; 932:9;

933:10; 939:15, 24;

941:12; 942:11; 943:17,



20

19, 23; 966:16; 986:15

losses [1] - 939:23

lost [3] - 933:7; 941:9;

943:25

low [18] - 776:1; 805:11;

882:20; 911:15; 925:18;

962:25; 966:4; 970:2;

976:24; 979:6, 11; 984:2;

992:16, 21; 996:25;

1010:22

low-flow [2] - 992:16

low-flush [1] - 992:21

low-gradient [3] - 966:4;

979:6, 11

Lower [9] - 831:15; 832:3,

15; 856:9; 888:20; 889:8;

915:10; 924:15; 942:9

lower [23] - 852:12; 855:21;

858:20; 861:16, 20;

914:16; 960:22; 962:20;

964:9; 965:14; 971:4, 7;

987:22; 995:8; 996:22;

998:3; 1009:21, 24;

1010:2, 14, 17; 1011:9;

1012:4

lowering [4] - 995:6;

1009:17, 19

lowest [1] - 781:9

LSA [8] - 898:13, 18; 900:6;

934:17; 940:10, 12, 19;

941:2

Ltd [3] - 723:2; 724:7

Lucille [1] - 722:8

lunch [2] - 803:21; 944:18

luncheon [1] - 876:19

LUNCHEON [1] - 725:24

lunchtime [1] - 944:24

M

m'mm [1] - 1010:3

m'mm-hmm [1] - 1010:3

MacDonald [2] - 721:23

magnitude [13] - 798:2, 5;

873:11; 881:16; 882:13;

893:20; 910:14; 911:8, 14;

912:8; 913:18; 916:23

magnitudes [1] - 911:6

Mahmood [1] - 722:19

main [4] - 790:5; 850:22;

928:20; 968:16

mainstem [8] - 839:12, 15,

17, 20, 25; 853:1, 15;

963:25

maintain [8] - 750:4; 837:12;

839:11; 857:21; 896:18;

964:8; 974:2

maintained [4] - 789:3;

855:4, 22; 914:16

maintaining [1] - 967:7

maintenance [1] - 835:6

major [5] - 750:6; 798:15;

814:6; 867:7; 951:6

majority [6] - 745:5; 747:11,

13; 901:5; 976:8

make-up [1] - 842:22

makers [4] - 782:8, 12;

784:21; 833:11

MALCOLM [16] - 725:17;

726:10; 728:16; 731:21;

955:4; 973:18; 989:2;

1004:23; 1005:1, 5;

1006:14; 1016:7, 12;

1017:20, 22

Malcolm [16] - 723:15;

729:15; 730:1; 953:17;

973:13; 988:8; 996:22;

1004:19; 1006:10;

1010:16; 1015:4; 1016:6,

22; 1017:21

Malcolm's [1] - 740:1

malfunctions [1] - 865:9

Mallon [1] - 723:21

manage [5] - 793:18; 800:13;

834:11; 1011:3

managed [2] - 796:3; 850:16

Management [21] - 781:24;

831:5; 843:9; 844:1, 8;

846:16, 25; 847:3, 13, 19;

848:18; 853:3; 856:8;

860:7, 18; 911:23; 913:20;

914:14; 915:8; 917:10, 12

management [25] - 785:18,

20, 25; 786:6, 10, 23;

787:22; 789:10; 793:23;

794:6; 795:17; 796:11;

797:8, 22; 799:1; 843:16;

846:1, 24; 847:6; 854:9,

25; 915:22; 952:23; 953:11

MANAGEMENT [2] - 727:18;

844:14

manager [1] - 992:20

Manager [2] - 722:7

managing [3] - 751:15;

871:16; 920:9

mandated [1] - 938:1

manner [2] - 748:22; 792:16

manufacturer's [2] - 821:16;

822:2

manufacturers' [1] - 836:9

MANY [2] - 728:11; 874:25

map [8] - 884:21, 24; 885:1,

3; 892:4; 895:5; 897:14, 19

March [1] - 804:20

MARGERUM [2] - 725:11;

731:9

margin [1] - 863:9

MARK [2] - 725:10; 731:8

mark [8] - 737:24; 766:19;

814:17; 819:23; 844:5;

888:8; 921:16

marked [5] - 884:22; 921:1,

5, 12; 954:19

Market [1] - 860:25

market [5] - 830:2; 863:13;

889:25; 1017:10, 17

markets [1] - 747:15

Mars [2] - 771:18; 772:2

marten [1] - 957:9

Martin [4] - 912:4, 24;

919:24; 940:13

MARTIN [2] - 725:8; 731:3

Martindale [13] - 734:9, 23;

738:18, 24; 752:14; 765:1,

7; 796:17; 797:17; 801:14;

838:14; 1011:1

MARTINDALE [20] - 725:15;

731:18; 734:12; 738:20;

763:16; 781:1; 804:1;

817:1; 819:10; 834:2;

838:4; 927:12; 930:5;

931:5; 992:4; 993:19;

999:12; 1001:2; 1008:9;

1013:7

Martineau [1] - 722:19

Mary [1] - 753:1

mass [7] - 809:24; 810:6, 10,

14, 17; 811:14; 813:21

match [2] - 748:17; 895:9

matched [1] - 750:24

matching [1] - 951:3

material [4] - 759:4; 791:12;

964:23; 1004:3

MATERIAL [2] - 727:6;

735:12

materials [6] - 768:4; 789:21;

791:20; 867:10; 895:22;

979:9

MATTER [6] - 721:1, 3, 5-6, 8

matter [13] - 729:12, 21;

814:1, 11; 818:25; 819:2;

826:1, 5; 827:1; 833:19;

901:10; 953:22

MATTERS [4] - 726:4, 9;

944:15; 953:19

matters [3] - 729:16, 18;

739:21

mature [4] - 931:14; 932:5,

19; 1003:7

matures [2] - 931:12; 957:8

maturing [1] - 931:11

maximize [1] - 835:8

maximum [1] - 829:8

MAY [2] - 727:10; 735:20

MAYES [3] - 725:17; 731:21;

732:19

Mayes [4] - 732:15, 17, 23,

25

McClelland [4] - 996:2, 5;

997:2, 7

McInnis [2] - 819:8, 17

MCKAY [1] - 721:2

McKay [12] - 723:11, 16;

818:10; 819:9, 13, 18;

867:4; 869:21; 1008:6, 12,

18

McKenna [1] - 777:24

McMurray [23] - 721:24;

723:13; 818:11; 819:11;

861:4, 8, 21; 862:3; 863:4,

8; 864:17; 866:19; 867:9;

870:14; 871:13, 19, 21;

872:10, 13; 875:21; 965:8;

1013:9

McMurray/Fort [1] - 723:16

mean [36] - 763:25; 764:7;

768:7; 773:1; 774:10;

781:18; 782:23; 783:25;

797:5; 804:9; 819:18;

820:9; 828:12; 842:17;

851:2; 867:24; 885:13;

892:24; 894:7; 896:23;

908:23; 919:7; 923:6, 25;

931:25; 932:13; 935:4;

936:10, 18; 938:8, 10;

941:16; 955:16; 956:4;

957:3; 1010:2

meander [1] - 840:8

meaning [1] - 794:4

means [7] - 769:9; 782:24;

852:5, 11; 856:10; 889:21;

941:20

meant [4] - 756:11; 810:16;

830:15; 879:15

measure [1] - 821:3

measured [3] - 820:18, 22;

912:11

measurement [5] - 796:21;

821:4; 910:16; 911:15, 19

measures [6] - 799:5;

800:16, 21; 883:10; 898:5;

967:13

Measures [2] - 911:23;

913:21

measuring [1] - 796:15

mechanical [1] - 1002:19

media [1] - 789:14

meet [13] - 750:10; 792:19;

803:21; 841:14, 21; 916:4;

950:23; 952:14, 18; 953:1;

960:17; 1002:9; 1007:11

meeting [4] - 950:13; 951:21,

24; 1002:7

meetings [1] - 838:19

meets [1] - 760:13

Meighan [1] - 722:11

Melissa [6] - 724:1, 4, 6, 9,

11; 739:18

member [5] - 806:7; 831:9;



21

834:1; 837:22; 838:10

Member [2] - 722:4

members [3] - 737:18; 740:6;

880:17

memory [2] - 805:1; 972:3

mention [2] - 933:15; 970:19

mentioned [30] - 738:3;

772:9; 791:24; 793:9;

848:11; 862:14; 868:15;

884:4; 894:21; 897:13;

900:9, 24; 901:20; 908:8;

912:18; 917:24; 932:25;

940:7; 951:19; 952:16;

958:1; 964:23; 966:6;

983:21; 984:11; 985:7;

986:17; 1006:5; 1009:12;

1012:1

message [1] - 793:24

met [9] - 788:16; 823:24;

916:10; 950:10; 951:1;

952:1; 998:21, 24

metal [2] - 802:4; 826:6

metals [4] - 808:16; 814:2,

13; 826:4

meter [1] - 1008:17

method [1] - 1002:16

methodology [1] - 826:8

methods [1] - 770:7

metres [17] - 856:18, 23;

857:2, 5, 23; 858:4, 9, 15,

18-19, 21, 24; 859:5;

994:1, 7, 17, 23

metric [1] - 919:20

metrics [1] - 919:15

MFT [8] - 758:24; 760:17;

761:1, 3, 7, 18; 762:9;

793:13

MICHAEL [2] - 725:11; 731:9

Michael [1] - 722:18

microphone [1] - 994:19

mid [1] - 761:16

middle [5] - 745:25; 868:22;

887:10; 997:23; 998:14

MIDDLETON [5] - 725:12;

731:12; 928:5; 929:8;

930:14

Middleton [1] - 928:5

might [29] - 729:11; 730:10;

772:2; 777:13; 790:9;

794:18; 795:10; 796:8, 22;

797:20; 801:7; 821:12;

854:23; 858:24; 865:18,

20; 868:20; 871:23; 929:6;

934:11; 943:15; 944:6;

946:9; 953:21; 971:16;

984:23; 985:12; 1010:20;

1017:11

migrate [4] - 756:5; 757:9;

963:16; 965:7

migration [1] - 978:4

MIGRATIONS [2] - 728:4;

758:17

migrations [2] - 757:21;

962:17

Mihiretu [1] - 722:15

Mikisew [1] - 723:21

mile [2] - 972:7, 17

milligrams [1] - 961:10

million [13] - 736:24; 744:10,

17; 798:4; 816:23; 817:18;

857:2, 4; 858:3; 879:3;

950:21

mind [8] - 784:24; 851:19;

905:17; 907:2; 920:24;

922:6; 931:6; 948:16

mine [79] - 741:1; 753:19;

756:18; 757:13; 763:20;

765:20; 773:15; 781:9;

790:7, 24; 791:9; 792:8,

12; 796:20; 801:4, 25;

804:3; 812:8; 814:10;

817:2; 818:14; 821:10, 14,

19; 822:24; 823:1, 8, 14,

16-18, 22; 824:3, 8-9, 11,

16; 826:2, 21; 827:5, 13,

17; 828:3, 6; 829:4, 8, 14,

21; 830:12, 18; 833:21;

834:13, 17; 835:11;

836:12, 20; 853:14; 928:1;

929:21; 930:9; 934:4;

937:18; 941:1; 950:1;

991:23; 995:19; 1007:4, 8;

1008:5, 10; 1012:6

MINE [1] - 721:1

Mine [86] - 740:9, 11, 20, 23;

741:1, 8, 10, 13, 18-19, 25;

745:6; 749:5, 25; 750:23;

752:18; 753:17; 762:14;

781:18; 799:18; 814:10;

817:5, 8, 12, 14; 822:25;

823:5-7, 14-15; 825:18;

827:4, 7, 21; 828:22;

839:10; 840:22; 843:12;

853:12; 856:25; 857:3, 17;

858:5; 859:2, 24; 860:11;

866:14; 872:22; 873:14,

20; 917:25; 929:14; 935:9;

939:8; 949:14; 950:2, 14;

951:9; 952:3; 955:10;

958:19; 961:21; 980:1;

993:5, 25; 994:6; 995:20;

996:4, 13; 1002:4;

1003:22; 1012:14; 1013:10

mine's [1] - 930:7

mine-fleet [1] - 829:21

mine-site [1] - 929:21

mined [1] - 839:25

Mined [3] - 742:22; 743:5, 15

mines [7] - 790:19; 791:8;

792:9; 801:12; 830:8

minimal [1] - 748:25

minimize [1] - 833:6

Minimizing [1] - 831:23

minimum [3] - 851:13;

857:22; 1009:11

mining [15] - 754:23; 755:2;

768:9; 780:23; 790:17, 25;

797:17; 798:11; 835:2;

836:8; 838:18; 878:25;

879:1; 899:3; 995:9

Minister [1] - 723:23

minnow [1] - 989:18

minnows [1] - 964:16

minor [1] - 946:24

minute [12] - 736:13; 746:8;

777:4; 785:9; 808:2; 896:8;

924:24; 934:13; 981:17;

993:18; 1003:20; 1016:18

minutes [7] - 739:12; 803:8;

876:13; 919:24; 936:22;

944:10; 946:15

miss [1] - 971:15

missed [2] - 835:16; 888:16

misspoke [4] - 764:24;

828:5; 944:1; 981:18

misspoken [1] - 865:21

mistake [1] - 885:22

Mister [1] - 789:4

misunderstood [1] - 1008:2

Mitch [2] - 971:21; 983:7

MITCHEL [2] - 725:5; 730:23

mitigate [3] - 792:4; 869:19;

943:15

mitigating [3] - 783:2;

957:22; 958:24

mitigation [14] - 751:13;

774:3; 799:22; 800:4;

810:2, 7, 22; 811:1, 19;

834:11; 967:13; 1001:9;

1005:23; 1006:8

mitigations [2] - 800:12;

1001:10

mixed [3] - 769:20; 818:19;

1012:2

model [7] - 766:12; 821:9,

25; 829:20; 876:2; 996:11,

18

modelled [1] - 829:9

modelling [16] - 771:24;

785:4; 821:23; 830:14, 17;

832:11; 885:12; 888:21;

889:13; 897:4; 941:24;

942:3, 7; 943:1; 996:8

models [3] - 885:20; 997:6

moderate [3] - 882:20;

911:16; 925:19

modified [1] - 792:21

moment [14] - 730:14; 742:8;

747:22; 768:21; 834:8;

843:10; 844:5; 849:13;

867:14; 899:21; 905:19;

914:13; 928:14, 16

moments [1] - 797:10

Monday [5] - 872:18; 886:7;

944:21; 945:8

monitor [7] - 850:12; 871:7;

875:12, 14; 996:6;

1006:17, 24

monitored [4] - 800:25;

815:10; 821:1; 1015:6

monitoring [47] - 764:1, 9;

771:24; 774:4, 20; 785:5;

796:21; 805:11, 23;

806:14; 807:11; 809:9;

812:19, 25; 813:14;

819:19; 821:2, 5-7; 822:10,

14, 16, 18, 21; 835:22;

836:17; 844:22; 850:6;

947:24; 948:1, 22; 971:9;

978:12; 988:17; 997:5, 9;

999:11, 17-18; 1007:7, 10,

13, 17, 20; 1009:10

Monitoring [3] - 804:17;

805:23; 831:22

Monte [4] - 770:7, 10, 16, 21

month [1] - 776:19

MONTHLY [2] - 727:10;

735:20

months [2] - 973:23; 1013:17

MOOSE [2] - 728:14; 886:12

moose [11] - 885:12, 24;

886:18; 887:1, 12, 21;

934:7; 936:13; 948:23;

957:6

Morianos [1] - 724:3

morning [35] - 729:4; 732:13,

18; 733:5, 11, 18; 734:19,

22; 735:24; 736:2; 739:15;

740:6; 754:19; 803:10, 13;

804:3; 876:25; 877:15, 17;

878:11; 879:24; 886:7;

944:24; 945:2, 12, 15, 19;

954:2, 12; 955:19; 983:14;

988:13; 1017:25

mortality [1] - 924:3

moss [1] - 961:25

Most [1] - 922:3

most [32] - 769:22; 776:6;

780:5; 781:7; 783:19;

792:22; 798:10; 826:4;

827:23; 834:20; 846:14;

847:9; 860:3; 862:15;

871:2; 872:9; 922:8;

925:16; 926:5; 932:3;

933:21; 962:17; 969:18;

972:18; 973:22; 974:21;

975:2; 999:24; 1006:19;

1009:8; 1016:13

Mother [1] - 991:16

Mountain [1] - 849:23



22

mountain [1] - 993:13

mouth [3] - 971:5; 980:16, 20

move [18] - 741:14; 791:12,

19; 811:20; 812:4; 859:15;

906:16; 910:9; 920:19;

927:15; 949:11; 952:7;

953:8; 982:21; 985:8;

991:25; 993:6; 996:18

moved [2] - 791:11; 1003:6

movement [2] - 947:7, 19

movements [2] - 878:7;

976:22

moves [2] - 974:12; 1007:3

moving [11] - 873:22; 927:6;

951:24; 957:6, 20; 958:1;

965:20; 976:18; 979:7, 11;

1003:2

MR [200] - 725:19; 726:2, 10;

727:12; 728:3, 7, 9, 15-16;

732:2, 19, 23; 733:19, 22;

734:6, 12, 18; 735:2, 23;

738:18, 20; 748:14;

752:18; 753:4; 754:18;

755:16, 21; 757:15;

758:11, 16; 759:23; 760:5,

23; 762:7, 19, 21; 763:16;

765:1; 767:3; 768:10, 22;

773:5, 25; 775:1; 777:8,

20; 778:25; 779:3, 13;

781:1, 17; 782:14; 783:10;

788:20; 790:22; 794:2;

795:20; 804:1; 805:4, 17,

21; 806:8; 808:7; 811:6,

25; 812:7; 813:15; 814:18;

815:18; 816:21; 817:1;

818:16; 819:10, 14;

820:19; 825:3, 11; 826:11,

16; 829:24; 830:10; 831:8,

25; 834:2, 8, 16; 837:19;

838:4; 839:6; 840:2, 13;

841:2, 7, 16; 842:11;

843:18; 844:20; 852:6, 19;

857:18; 858:7; 860:9;

865:24; 866:2, 16; 868:2,

19; 869:12; 874:10, 17, 22;

875:22; 876:24; 877:4, 9,

14, 21; 878:8, 12; 879:8,

17, 22; 880:14; 884:25;

888:10, 23; 897:18;

898:15; 910:18; 912:18;

918:5; 920:11; 927:12;

928:5; 929:3, 8; 930:5, 14;

931:5; 933:19; 940:13;

945:10; 947:21; 949:17;

954:17, 22; 955:4, 14;

959:9; 962:5; 971:25;

972:14; 973:18, 21;

975:10; 986:19; 988:8;

989:2, 11; 991:21; 992:4;

993:17, 19; 994:13, 15, 21;

996:21; 997:14; 998:12;

999:12; 1000:8, 16;

1001:2, 16; 1002:1;

1004:17, 22-23; 1005:1,

4-5, 9, 19; 1006:14;

1008:9; 1010:16; 1012:17;

1013:7; 1015:4, 15;

1016:7, 12, 21; 1017:20,

22; 1018:2

MRM [1] - 827:17

MS [75] - 725:21, 23; 726:3,

7, 9; 727:16; 729:11, 15;

730:4, 9, 16, 18; 734:3;

736:2, 6-7, 13; 739:5, 8,

15; 740:5; 748:16; 757:19;

758:23; 764:20, 24; 765:5;

766:19; 767:1, 7, 14;

778:14, 17, 20; 779:2, 5;

803:2, 25; 812:4; 814:16,

25; 819:22; 820:1; 826:14;

841:11; 844:4, 12, 17, 24;

859:12, 18; 874:15; 875:3,

10, 18; 876:12; 880:4;

888:17; 895:16; 897:21;

921:23; 944:1, 10; 946:1,

23; 947:3; 953:14, 19-20;

954:5, 11, 14; 1016:18

MSDS [1] - 733:8

Mule [9] - 957:18, 22; 958:4,

15, 21, 25; 959:1

Municipal [1] - 876:7

Municipality [9] - 724:2;

753:25; 863:6; 876:1;

880:13; 917:13; 945:1;

1013:15; 1014:4

Murphy [1] - 723:7

MURRAY [2] - 725:11;

731:10

MUSKEG [2] - 727:18;

844:14

Muskeg [100] - 741:18;

759:14; 760:4; 817:5, 8;

827:7; 836:25; 837:21, 25;

839:4, 25; 840:19; 841:21,

24; 843:9; 844:1, 7; 846:2;

847:20; 850:25; 851:12;

852:17, 19; 853:2, 15;

854:2; 855:4; 877:6, 11;

879:10; 947:25; 951:8;

952:3; 958:14; 959:6, 10;

960:6; 962:7, 9, 16;

963:14, 25; 964:1, 9, 11;

965:11, 14-15, 17, 25;

966:3; 969:21; 970:4, 8,

12; 971:5, 8; 972:24;

973:19; 974:9, 12, 22;

977:24; 978:14, 22; 979:3,

5, 14, 18; 980:4, 11, 15;

981:2, 8, 15, 24; 982:5, 8,

10, 13, 15-16; 983:23;

984:12; 991:16; 993:4, 25;

994:6; 995:20; 996:3, 13;

999:25; 1002:4; 1004:2;

1005:13; 1013:12

muskeg [4] - 959:22; 965:12;

991:20; 993:13

muskegy [1] - 972:8

muskegy-type [1] - 972:8

MÉTIS [2] - 725:20; 736:4

Métis [4] - 723:12, 18; 738:6;

739:13

N

name [8] - 739:16; 775:7;

777:25; 819:12, 19;

833:23; 948:2; 1019:14

named [3] - 723:20; 760:1;

833:15

NAMED [2] - 725:21; 736:5

Nancy [3] - 724:15; 1019:3,

19

naphthenic [6] - 765:19, 22;

766:2, 13; 802:20; 848:24

narrow [1] - 899:9

Nation [10] - 723:7, 11, 14,

16, 18, 22; 733:2; 734:1;

739:13; 954:1

NATION [2] - 725:20; 736:4

National [1] - 814:4

nationally [1] - 768:6

Nations [6] - 736:15, 19;

738:5, 9, 11; 1017:15

nationwide [1] - 909:22

native [2] - 837:11; 987:1

Natural [4] - 892:7; 914:17;

915:6; 917:21

natural [13] - 789:1, 6; 792:4;

809:4, 19; 891:12, 14;

984:4, 6; 985:6; 986:7;

991:24; 1005:21

naturally [3] - 767:25;

768:12; 837:13

nature [10] - 755:10; 769:16,

18; 807:8; 820:7, 9;

827:16; 846:19; 848:5;

1000:17

Nature's [1] - 991:16

near [11] - 778:23; 819:9, 13;

836:23; 887:24; 961:7, 15;

971:5; 980:20; 990:8;

996:23

nearby [1] - 790:16

nearest [2] - 935:10, 20

nearly [2] - 802:10; 936:7

necessarily [7] - 769:12, 17,

19; 797:5; 894:7; 932:1

necessary [10] - 729:22;

744:5; 785:2; 796:8;

800:16; 801:3, 5; 802:25;

953:8; 1001:17

need [43] - 729:5; 743:1;

745:19; 749:22; 750:10;

751:11; 754:10; 756:24;

757:2, 5; 759:8; 773:5;

775:5; 777:13; 793:3;

796:4, 22; 811:18; 819:25;

821:12; 855:19; 879:20;

889:5; 892:14; 893:14;

895:4; 897:23; 899:25;

901:6, 23; 906:19; 914:23;

916:20; 937:5; 938:18;

939:19; 945:3, 5; 947:10;

992:25; 1011:10; 1012:14

needed [5] - 796:6; 838:22;

847:25; 900:21; 1006:9

needs [12] - 775:6; 796:2;

799:21; 800:4, 23; 841:14,

22; 855:12; 924:15; 931:6;

991:4; 1002:9

negative [4] - 782:5; 784:5,

18; 924:9

negligible [4] - 874:11;

882:20; 911:13; 1010:23

neighbourhood [1] - 827:9

neighbouring [2] - 792:9

neighbours [1] - 986:25

Net [4] - 743:24; 854:4;

970:15; 989:13

net [3] - 751:24; 854:19;

909:17

never [4] - 771:11; 792:14;

796:9; 969:16

New [2] - 783:14; 836:16

new [15] - 741:1; 824:5;

830:2; 833:2, 5; 836:4;

899:5; 908:10; 974:9;

978:22; 979:10; 1001:22;

1010:13; 1011:6

next [26] - 737:24; 739:13,

25; 740:10; 754:11;

761:19; 766:20; 780:16;

781:2; 799:17; 804:11;

808:24; 813:16; 845:15;

860:13, 21; 868:20;

888:17; 891:7; 914:23;

915:24; 946:10; 956:21;

993:14; 996:19; 997:22

nice [1] - 864:15

Nichols [3] - 736:12; 860:7,

18

Nielsen [3] - 724:15; 1019:3,

19

nitrogen [2] - 818:9, 15

NO [5] - 721:4; 725:2; 727:2;

728:2

noise [2] - 874:13; 911:5

non [6] - 834:23; 865:4;

1002:24; 1012:1, 7



23

Non [3] - 723:15; 756:9;

860:25

non-Aboriginal [1] - 865:4

non-diesel [1] - 834:23

non-segregating [4] -

1002:24; 1012:1, 7

Non-Status [1] - 723:15

none [3] - 747:10; 948:24

noontime [1] - 945:16

normal [3] - 744:24; 961:12;

1013:17

normally [3] - 900:6; 959:15;

1014:9

north [19] - 741:14, 18;

752:19; 754:23; 759:13;

790:25; 791:9, 14, 17;

866:22, 25; 867:6; 869:23;

934:19; 958:1; 974:8;

977:11; 997:15; 1007:6

North [4] - 742:16; 744:20;

949:20; 950:5

north-eastern [1] - 934:19

Northeast [5] - 753:10;

754:17; 755:18; 760:1, 3

northern [20] - 753:13;

867:3; 962:21; 964:18;

969:2, 4, 6, 12, 22; 970:2,

7, 10, 16; 971:7, 10-11, 14;

972:18; 989:14

northwest [1] - 998:3

Northwest [1] - 753:11

nose [2] - 964:15; 983:24

note [3] - 732:6; 803:15;

818:4

noted [7] - 733:24; 765:1;

807:9; 855:11; 937:1;

959:12; 1001:3

nothing [5] - 735:24; 789:25;

992:17; 1006:10; 1015:7

notice [2] - 776:10; 787:22

noticed [4] - 863:6; 961:18;

967:17; 996:1

notion [1] - 998:18

November [4] - 944:21, 25;

945:8; 1019:14

NOVEMBER [6] - 721:16;

726:12; 727:7; 729:1;

735:14; 1018:13

nowhere [1] - 961:7

NOx [9] - 825:22; 826:25;

827:4; 828:6; 830:8, 23;

833:19; 834:11, 14

NoxSOx [1] - 831:5

NRV [5] - 914:17; 915:1;

919:7, 9, 12

NST [4] - 728:5; 756:8;

757:22; 758:18

number [73] - 732:4; 735:4;

742:10; 748:1, 17; 767:1;

769:3; 786:18; 790:19;

792:25; 795:9; 800:18;

803:18; 817:16; 823:18,

20; 825:4-6; 826:18;

827:15; 831:20; 840:7, 21;

848:13; 851:5, 16; 852:2,

5; 867:6, 11, 15, 17;

870:10, 14; 871:15; 872:7;

873:4, 15, 17; 874:1, 19;

875:3; 877:17; 880:15;

881:13; 882:4; 885:17, 19,

22; 886:5; 890:8, 15-16;

894:24; 898:5; 902:14;

913:8; 928:13; 936:22;

939:3, 10; 949:1; 954:19;

967:4; 968:15; 1017:7, 18

NUMBER [2] - 728:10;

874:23

numbering [1] - 890:8

NUMBERS [2] - 726:9;

953:19

numbers [27] - 734:21;

737:6, 15; 741:17; 743:22;

744:3; 758:2; 778:21;

816:23; 826:7; 839:23;

867:21; 868:1; 875:15;

878:19, 21, 24; 879:1;

921:24; 928:25; 938:17;

939:14; 953:24; 982:13;

1005:18

numerous [1] - 787:9

nutrient [1] - 837:14

O

O'Callaghan [1] - 723:22

objective [18] - 767:15, 20;

770:9, 14, 17, 23; 773:13;

788:16; 883:7, 10; 889:14;

950:23; 951:25; 952:14;

953:4, 9; 978:18; 1012:25

Objectives [2] - 852:18, 20

objectives [5] - 762:24;

796:16; 846:24; 847:6;

854:25

obligation [1] - 751:3

observed [1] - 766:16

obvious [1] - 922:17

obviously [8] - 776:5; 777:7;

783:18; 882:2; 933:8;

977:10; 991:1, 4

occasion [1] - 982:13

occur [10] - 761:21; 768:20;

860:16; 868:25; 869:8;

892:18; 924:8; 982:11;

1010:4

occurred [1] - 933:1

occurrences [1] - 1008:23

occurring [4] - 768:12;

923:2; 966:18; 982:16

occurs [2] - 871:9; 922:12

OCR [1] - 724:16

OCTOBER [4] - 727:4, 9;

735:8, 19

October [7] - 767:17; 768:25;

776:7, 13; 815:1; 888:7, 24

odd [1] - 870:24

OF [43] - 721:1, 3, 5-6, 8-9,

12; 725:1, 20; 726:4;

727:1, 5, 8, 12, 14, 16-18,

22, 24; 728:1, 4, 6, 8,

10-11; 735:10, 16; 736:4;

758:17, 20; 814:21; 841:8;

844:12, 15; 874:23;

944:15; 954:24

off-road [1] - 821:21

offer [2] - 795:21; 871:24

office [1] - 838:12

Official [2] - 1019:3, 20

offline [1] - 937:19

often [8] - 781:7; 881:20;

942:16; 975:14; 976:18;

977:21; 978:2

OIL [9] - 721:8; 725:22;

726:3, 7; 727:15; 740:4;

814:23; 880:3; 947:2

oil [60] - 741:25; 743:8;

746:4, 11, 20, 22, 24;

747:3, 5-6, 10, 14; 769:3;

780:19, 22; 786:17;

787:11; 798:23; 801:23;

805:14; 806:11, 20;

807:12; 809:5, 15, 20, 22;

810:19; 812:20; 813:22;

814:3; 816:18, 25; 818:20;

849:11, 18, 25; 878:17;

881:23; 884:21; 892:4;

894:25; 895:12; 899:14;

908:6, 13; 909:13; 936:9,

16, 23; 949:16, 25; 950:7,

12; 951:2, 14; 953:5;

975:11; 976:10

Oil [11] - 724:1; 737:7;

739:17; 740:19; 742:16;

743:10; 804:20; 873:8;

885:4; 951:12

Oil's [1] - 760:6

oil.. [1] - 746:6

old [27] - 927:6; 930:12, 18,

25; 931:3, 7, 15; 932:3, 11,

18, 20, 23-24; 938:16, 20,

23; 939:16; 940:2; 942:12;

943:17, 19, 23; 957:1;

994:10

old-growth [25] - 927:6;

930:12, 18, 25; 931:3, 7,

15; 932:3, 11, 18, 20,

23-24; 938:16, 20, 23;

939:16; 940:2; 942:12;

943:17, 23; 957:1

ON [13] - 726:12; 727:4, 7,

14, 22; 728:5, 8; 735:8, 13;

758:19; 814:22; 841:9;

1018:13

once [17] - 757:9; 760:12;

773:19; 856:13; 859:10;

872:18; 917:1; 924:8;

931:12; 940:3; 957:3;

961:15; 965:16; 980:21;

997:11

one [121] - 734:10; 740:14;

742:8; 752:24; 754:9, 18;

756:23; 757:18; 759:24;

765:8; 766:9, 11; 768:21;

769:1; 773:11; 776:5, 12;

777:18; 778:5; 790:7;

792:7; 793:4; 794:17;

795:15, 25; 796:17; 797:5;

799:10; 800:12; 801:6;

806:2; 808:13, 15-16;

811:22; 812:11; 815:16;

816:11; 818:10; 821:4;

823:25; 824:15; 825:4;

826:9; 828:13; 829:24;

832:8; 834:8; 838:14;

842:2; 843:17; 844:6;

849:9, 13, 23; 851:18;

858:17, 25; 861:10;

862:13; 864:21; 872:24;

877:5, 16; 881:20, 22;

882:6; 884:10; 887:8;

888:25; 889:1; 891:7;

893:16; 896:8; 897:12;

905:19; 916:16; 919:15;

925:4; 928:19; 931:5;

936:17; 940:24; 943:9;

945:14; 946:2; 947:4, 11;

950:16; 951:18; 952:5, 22;

966:16; 968:2, 16; 974:12;

975:20; 976:20; 981:12,

17; 983:4; 991:16; 993:8,

18; 994:13; 998:14;

1001:8, 14; 1005:8;

1007:21; 1010:9; 1011:2,

13; 1014:17; 1016:10;

1017:12

one-bedroom [1] - 861:10

one-tenth [1] - 858:25

one-third [2] - 824:15; 826:9

ones [5] - 820:14; 866:20;

932:24; 983:6; 985:9

ongoing [2] - 774:3; 978:12

online [4] - 817:20, 24;

829:6, 14

Onovwiona [1] - 722:15

onsite [1] - 1003:8

onwards [1] - 926:2

open [3] - 974:14; 975:2, 13

open-water [1] - 975:13

opening [1] - 740:8



24

Opening [2] - 740:14; 955:15

operate [1] - 1009:11

operating [7] - 817:2, 5-7;

829:8; 836:15; 930:10

operation [9] - 761:2;

790:18; 791:1, 11;

1003:22; 1005:10;

1012:22; 1013:16, 23

Operational [3] - 911:22;

912:21; 913:19

operational [3] - 912:1, 16

Operations [1] - 804:20

operations [14] - 733:9;

750:5; 797:17; 805:14;

806:20; 809:5, 15, 23;

810:19; 811:12; 875:16;

977:4; 995:19; 996:3

operator [3] - 790:15;

791:17; 836:6

OPERATORS [2] - 727:15;

814:23

operators [3] - 791:14;

856:15; 1012:20

opinion [5] - 799:12; 810:1,

21; 910:4; 982:17

opportunistic [1] - 936:14

opportunities [2] - 740:18;

751:21

opportunity [11] - 734:8;

739:9; 741:1; 750:11;

783:2; 804:25; 920:16;

950:20; 951:7; 955:7;

971:21

oppose [1] - 920:7

opposed [1] - 900:22

optimization [1] - 751:21

option [9] - 790:14, 21-22;

792:7, 22; 793:14; 795:14;

798:10

options [15] - 783:4; 788:18;

789:17, 23; 793:11;

794:11, 17, 20; 795:17;

798:6, 15; 799:12; 800:19;

889:16

OR [6] - 725:3; 728:5, 10;

730:21; 758:19; 874:23

order [8] - 723:5; 729:21;

735:4; 798:5; 836:4;

882:25; 905:6; 935:17

orderly [1] - 749:16

orders [1] - 798:2

ore [9] - 741:10; 754:22, 24;

755:11; 762:1; 791:10, 15;

1003:11

organic [1] - 802:20

organics [1] - 802:9

organisms [7] - 769:15;

771:1, 10, 13; 772:6, 11

organizations [1] - 736:22

origin [1] - 866:13

original [5] - 749:7; 873:20;

885:17; 1002:5; 1003:14

originating [1] - 866:20

OSDG [3] - 737:8, 15

OSEC [5] - 767:1; 815:3;

831:17; 885:15; 888:7

OSPW [3] - 801:24; 802:12,

14

Osume [1] - 724:11

Osuoka [1] - 724:11

ought [1] - 806:21

OUT [6] - 728:6, 12; 758:20;

875:1

out-migration [1] - 978:4

outcomes [1] - 770:6

outcrop [1] - 998:11

outcrops [4] - 993:7; 998:7,

16, 23

outflow [1] - 758:9

outflows [1] - 959:13

outlet [1] - 990:20

output [1] - 746:22

outside [6] - 890:24; 941:3;

978:13, 17; 979:22; 1006:1

outstanding [1] - 732:5

overall [7] - 746:21; 770:14;

787:9, 16; 830:17, 23;

832:7

overarching [1] - 801:21

overburden [5] - 780:21;

781:11; 790:16; 791:4, 15

overburdens [1] - 790:8

override [1] - 749:17

owl [1] - 932:9

own [12] - 792:8; 812:3;

921:14; 938:7; 958:10;

1017:1, 8, 19

oxidation/reduction [1] -

802:3

oxides [1] - 818:8

oxygen [11] - 769:22; 960:14,

19, 21-22; 961:9; 970:3;

984:2

ozonation [1] - 789:13

P

p.m [3] - 876:20; 944:21

P.M [4] - 725:24; 726:11;

1018:12

Pace [1] - 748:13

pace [6] - 748:21; 750:15;

751:7, 10, 14; 752:8

package [1] - 750:22

packages [2] - 835:23

PACs [5] - 809:22, 25;

810:10, 18; 812:6

PAGE [3] - 725:2; 727:2;

728:2

page [119] - 736:12;

742:9-11; 748:2, 8, 14;

759:19; 765:6, 17; 767:16;

778:13, 24; 779:11, 14;

781:2, 23; 783:25; 785:19,

21; 790:3; 794:21; 801:8;

805:7, 25; 807:16, 18;

812:12, 14; 815:3; 818:5,

17; 824:23; 825:5, 9-10;

828:3; 831:20; 832:1, 11,

21; 837:2; 844:18; 845:3;

846:6; 848:12; 849:10, 12;

850:8, 24; 852:15, 19;

860:14, 16-17; 863:16;

864:13; 865:11, 18, 25;

868:19; 877:10; 886:21;

890:7, 11, 13, 15-16;

891:7; 902:14, 16, 20, 22;

903:25; 904:1; 905:14;

906:23; 907:10, 15;

910:12, 19; 911:11; 913:4,

8; 921:24; 922:1; 925:2, 5;

928:6, 20; 929:1, 5, 9, 12;

939:1, 4; 993:11, 14, 22;

997:22; 1016:21, 23

pages [5] - 738:1; 766:20;

767:10; 778:22; 928:24

PAGES [2] - 721:18; 727:11

PAH's [1] - 848:24

paid [1] - 737:1

PANEL [6] - 721:1; 722:2, 14;

725:3; 730:20

panel [14] - 739:3, 17; 740:6;

805:3; 809:7; 812:11, 24;

838:10; 859:19; 877:1, 15;

878:9

Panel [35] - 722:3, 7; 736:2;

737:24; 750:23; 764:21;

793:7, 10; 799:16, 21;

800:3, 7; 803:4; 806:22;

807:5; 833:11; 841:12;

843:13; 854:12; 859:19;

879:12; 881:8; 893:24;

899:14; 900:4; 908:12;

918:1, 18; 920:7; 946:8;

1010:20

Panel's [3] - 787:18; 859:22;

881:19

panels [1] - 877:8

Panels [2] - 854:7; 899:18

paper [8] - 737:25; 808:8;

885:7, 14; 921:1, 5, 12

papers [1] - 812:17

paragraph [45] - 736:16;

745:20; 779:14; 780:16;

781:24; 784:10; 785:10,

21; 787:23; 801:16;

805:22, 25; 806:2, 4;

807:19; 808:12, 16;

813:16; 819:1; 832:21;

833:12; 844:25; 845:6, 15;

847:17; 851:1, 23; 868:22;

886:24; 887:6, 9-10;

890:17; 891:8; 904:2;

913:11; 922:3; 924:7, 11;

993:21, 23; 997:23;

998:12, 16

parallel [1] - 990:2

parameters [4] - 848:14, 20,

23; 849:3

paraphrased [2] - 784:1, 11

paraphrasing [1] - 784:13

pardon [8] - 740:22; 835:16;

871:6; 873:7; 905:12;

967:1; 981:1; 987:18

park [6] - 866:21, 24;

867:3-5; 869:22

Park [2] - 721:23; 867:2

Part [1] - 758:5

part [43] - 734:16; 755:11;

759:18; 760:15; 773:20;

787:22; 788:21; 789:6;

790:23; 794:19; 809:17;

824:11; 837:20; 839:14,

21; 841:25; 849:6; 851:9;

862:19; 865:13; 881:1;

892:21; 893:5; 906:6;

909:5; 910:22; 912:12;

919:20; 933:24; 942:13;

943:3; 950:22; 957:19;

974:22; 981:19, 22;

986:21; 987:7, 9; 988:1;

989:12; 1003:23

participate [1] - 947:15

participated [1] - 831:4

participating [3] - 777:9;

834:22; 836:9

participation [1] - 723:25

particles [1] - 1008:20

particular [19] - 787:21;

884:3, 15; 892:13, 25;

893:1; 894:2, 11, 14;

895:21; 897:11; 898:6;

909:14, 18; 924:11;

936:24; 966:17; 968:21

particularly [10] - 754:17;

798:19; 855:6; 859:21;

865:22; 866:7; 918:20;

965:24; 998:7; 1002:3

particulate [10] - 814:1, 11;

818:25; 819:2; 826:1, 5;

827:1; 833:19; 834:14;

835:11

parties [4] - 843:25; 945:3,

20; 946:2

PARTIES [2] - 727:17;

844:13

partners [1] - 1002:17

parts [4] - 747:25; 815:16;

951:16; 1000:4



25

partway [1] - 954:7

party [1] - 838:19

pass [4] - 807:7; 878:14;

959:8; 1015:2

passage [1] - 979:14

passed [1] - 875:22

passenger [4] - 867:23;

869:1; 878:6

PASSENGERS [2] - 728:11;

874:25

passengers [1] - 875:4

past [6] - 732:17; 816:3;

854:7; 881:6; 1008:23;

1016:9

patches [1] - 966:1

patchy [1] - 995:4

Patricia [2] - 819:8, 17

pattern [2] - 816:1; 1007:25

Paul [2] - 722:14; 723:17

pausing [1] - 940:25

pawning [1] - 977:22

payments [2] - 747:16, 18

PDF [18] - 742:10; 759:19;

767:16; 778:22; 824:23;

825:4, 6; 828:3; 863:16;

864:13; 865:11, 17, 25;

925:2; 929:1, 5, 9

peak [3] - 851:2; 873:23;

877:25

peat [4] - 941:7; 959:22;

960:25; 961:25

peatlands [3] - 842:9; 941:9;

959:3

people [18] - 772:16, 19-20;

776:6; 777:9; 783:5, 16,

18; 799:4; 834:9; 869:5;

972:5; 1010:19; 1017:1, 3,

5, 8, 16

peoples [1] - 1016:17

per [35] - 744:11; 745:8;

770:16; 816:20, 24;

817:17; 823:13; 825:23;

826:9, 20, 24; 827:1, 6, 9,

12; 828:19, 25; 857:2, 5,

23; 858:4, 9, 15, 18-19, 21,

24; 859:5; 878:1, 7; 879:3;

950:21; 959:19; 961:10

percent [60] - 745:13, 15;

747:17; 771:9, 11, 13;

773:3; 774:14; 775:11;

834:25; 835:1; 840:20, 24;

851:2, 13; 852:2, 8-9, 11;

860:12; 870:8, 17-18;

872:9; 875:7; 877:13;

880:18; 891:15; 892:8;

895:11; 910:16; 911:14,

16, 18, 21; 912:5, 7, 10,

16, 20, 22; 913:12, 16;

914:5, 16; 916:23; 917:21;

919:12, 15, 19; 930:2;

931:6; 932:8, 10; 933:10;

939:15; 988:14

percentage [10] - 773:2;

774:11, 16; 841:4; 858:4;

868:12; 870:3, 13; 872:12;

877:6

PERCENTAGE [2] - 728:8;

841:8

perfect [2] - 813:7; 926:12

perform [4] - 788:17; 794:18;

798:7, 16

performance [5] - 749:18;

786:7; 792:20; 952:13;

953:5

Performance [1] - 951:12

performing [1] - 787:25

perhaps [10] - 730:14;

733:17; 734:20; 829:2;

868:4; 893:24; 897:18;

910:22; 921:14; 928:19

perimeter [1] - 1006:1

period [14] - 744:14; 774:21;

775:6, 9; 816:14; 818:12;

819:2; 868:8; 877:25;

922:24; 956:22; 963:6;

974:2; 1002:21

periodic [2] - 871:3, 23

periodically [1] - 857:18

periods [1] - 923:9

PERKINS [8] - 766:24; 767:3;

814:18; 888:10; 945:10;

954:17, 22; 1018:2

perkins [1] - 1017:25

Perkins [6] - 722:10; 730:15;

803:20; 876:16; 945:9;

954:16

permanent [2] - 762:5;

1003:21

permanently [3] - 760:17;

777:18; 778:4

permeable [1] - 996:25

person [3] - 838:12; 849:13;

895:24

personal [2] - 870:23; 871:1

personally [2] - 739:7;

833:24

personnel [1] - 869:2

persons [4] - 833:25; 861:6,

21; 865:4

perspective [10] - 729:22;

783:13; 790:24; 791:22;

821:24; 879:7; 883:16;

936:19; 955:25

perspective.. [1] - 781:4

pertaining [1] - 1010:25

pertains [1] - 894:14

PETER [2] - 725:13; 731:14

Peter [4] - 763:4; 770:24;

772:4, 18

pH [2] - 1001:13, 16

PHASE [2] - 728:11; 874:24

Phase [21] - 749:25; 753:17;

823:7, 15; 856:11; 857:4;

858:13; 859:3, 6; 873:20;

929:15; 947:6; 949:14;

950:2, 14, 25; 952:3;

987:5; 1001:5

phase [3] - 873:10; 874:20;

986:2

phonetic [4] - 881:16;

971:23; 1007:22, 25

physical [4] - 852:25;

980:14; 981:7; 996:10

physically [1] - 969:14

PIC [1] - 933:10

pick [3] - 899:7; 1009:2, 9

picture [1] - 974:24

piece [5] - 791:10, 24;

905:10; 906:10; 973:9

pieces [1] - 883:14

Pierre [3] - 722:20; 740:25;

980:1

piezometers [7] - 996:6;

997:15; 1006:16, 19, 22,

24; 1007:1

pike [22] - 962:21; 964:18;

969:3, 6, 12-13, 15, 18, 23;

970:2, 7, 11, 17; 971:7,

10-11, 14; 972:18; 986:18;

989:15

pinpoint [5] - 899:21;

902:13; 913:4; 921:7;

932:21

pipeline [1] - 857:24

pipelines [1] - 890:23

pit [153] - 752:12, 15, 19, 22;

753:14, 16, 20, 24;

754:2-4, 13, 21; 755:15,

17, 24; 756:3, 6, 13, 22;

757:9, 12, 24; 758:9, 25;

759:3, 5, 12-14, 20, 24;

760:12, 18, 21, 24; 761:3,

6, 9, 18; 762:5, 9, 17, 22;

763:10, 13-14, 19, 21;

764:9; 767:15, 23; 768:13;

769:3, 24; 770:1, 12;

772:17; 773:7, 10-11, 13;

776:11; 777:1, 6, 17;

778:4; 779:19; 780:15, 19,

25; 781:8, 21; 782:15, 20;

783:6, 9, 20, 23; 785:12;

786:17, 24; 787:12;

788:17, 22, 25; 789:7, 16;

790:4, 12, 16; 791:3, 8;

792:19; 793:1, 13, 16;

794:6, 9, 13, 15, 19; 795:8,

13, 23; 796:16, 24; 797:4,

11, 13, 16; 798:1, 3, 6, 10,

18, 24; 799:3, 9, 19;

800:13; 801:7, 25; 802:17;

959:13; 982:21, 25; 983:9,

16, 19, 21; 984:5, 16-17,

25; 985:5; 986:6, 11, 14,

20; 987:11; 988:6, 17;

993:25; 1007:4

PIT [2] - 728:6; 758:20

Pit [10] - 753:7, 10-11;

754:17; 755:18; 760:1, 3;

768:24; 777:10; 801:10

place [28] - 774:4; 793:18;

796:21; 797:22; 845:11;

847:1, 14; 848:1, 7, 9;

853:3; 855:7; 856:4, 6,

11-12; 920:8; 932:1; 937:3;

952:11, 22; 953:10;

967:14; 978:23; 987:8;

1019:8

placed [1] - 777:19

places [4] - 739:13; 778:7;

884:11; 902:4

PLAMONDON [3] - 725:6;

730:24; 733:19

Plamondon [1] - 733:18

plan [38] - 763:13; 791:7;

795:17; 796:13, 20-21;

800:9; 807:11; 832:4, 7;

837:24; 838:16; 843:16;

845:6; 846:1; 847:4; 848:1,

3, 7-9; 849:1, 5, 10; 854:9;

855:7, 12; 856:14; 875:11;

944:24; 991:19; 1003:14;

1004:12, 20; 1007:13

Plan [18] - 799:18; 823:5;

831:16; 832:3, 16; 847:13;

850:19; 854:4; 876:7;

888:20; 889:8; 915:11;

924:15; 929:14; 942:9;

970:15; 989:13; 1002:5

PLAN [4] - 728:16; 1004:24

plane [1] - 872:24

PLANES [2] - 728:11; 874:25

planes [4] - 873:11, 15;

875:4; 877:17

planet [1] - 771:18

Planned [5] - 862:20, 22;

864:6; 926:1; 933:23

planned [14] - 754:5; 763:21;

773:10; 785:6; 849:20;

879:21; 915:5; 916:25;

939:21; 973:19; 990:24;

1001:25

planners [1] - 786:20

Planning [1] - 921:25

planning [10] - 760:17;

876:11; 889:15; 915:13,

21; 922:19; 924:12;

973:22; 974:7

Plans [1] - 987:7

plans [24] - 767:22; 768:7;

782:17, 20; 792:13;



26

793:19; 794:15; 855:10;

856:13; 859:11; 937:3, 22,

24; 938:3; 984:24; 992:16;

1000:21; 1006:16;

1010:14, 17; 1011:9;

1012:16

plant [4] - 761:25; 792:1;

929:22; 992:11

plant-site [1] - 929:22

planting [1] - 956:21

plants [6] - 771:5; 842:12;

1014:2, 4, 8

play [2] - 742:2; 938:6

plays [1] - 840:8

pleasure [1] - 766:25

Pleistocene [3] - 1000:8;

1001:3; 1006:4

plenty [2] - 799:3

plugs [1] - 857:21

plus [2] - 743:11; 910:15

PM [1] - 1008:20

PM10 [1] - 1008:20

PM2.5 [1] - 826:7

point [46] - 752:3; 774:9, 18;

775:25; 792:3; 797:12, 15;

811:22; 834:16; 836:19,

21; 850:8; 852:23; 855:15,

18; 862:13; 866:17;

871:16; 879:14; 895:20;

897:3; 899:16, 18; 906:9;

909:8; 910:17; 911:15, 19;

914:9; 917:3; 931:15;

939:13; 952:8, 20; 955:23;

974:13; 977:20; 984:10;

987:2, 6; 988:16, 20;

997:14; 1013:7

pointed [1] - 894:5

pointing [2] - 812:18; 813:13

points [4] - 872:2; 952:5;

977:18; 999:11

policies [1] - 889:24

POLICY [2] - 727:24; 954:25

policy [3] - 729:6; 912:16;

992:2

Policy [7] - 737:23; 738:6;

911:22; 912:21; 913:19;

954:1, 9

Pollutant [1] - 814:4

pollutants [1] - 816:3

pollution [6] - 811:5, 9, 22;

814:7; 836:5; 874:9

poly [1] - 808:21

poly-aromatics [1] - 808:21

polycyclic [1] - 808:15

polycyclical [1] - 810:14

pond [18] - 1001:23; 1004:4,

16; 1005:6, 12, 24;

1007:21, 23; 1009:7, 14,

17, 19-20; 1010:8, 15;

1013:5, 8

ponds [8] - 959:4; 963:24;

966:12; 1001:24; 1003:4;

1006:20; 1011:11, 17

pool [3] - 948:8; 966:8;

990:11

poor [3] - 786:6; 818:6; 990:4

poorly [1] - 788:1

population [20] - 860:21;

861:14, 23, 25; 862:9;

863:20; 864:16; 875:20;

876:2; 883:17; 884:4;

885:12, 24; 886:18; 887:6;

909:8, 15; 922:17; 925:14;

926:5

POPULATION [2] - 728:13;

886:12

populations [11] - 837:12;

887:2, 13, 22; 896:16;

907:23; 908:1; 922:16;

934:11, 23; 981:25

pore [2] - 756:1, 13

portion [14] - 737:4; 826:21;

855:23; 859:1; 860:21;

906:15; 917:15; 919:9;

970:12; 973:7; 975:16;

990:2, 4; 992:10

portions [3] - 965:14; 971:7;

998:4

Posed [1] - 801:10

position [2] - 901:22;

1003:19

positive [1] - 751:24

possibility [4] - 752:2;

792:18; 793:2; 988:4

possible [8] - 796:7; 810:6,

11; 935:19, 24; 940:22;

955:8; 971:3

possibly [3] - 945:1, 15;

1001:14

post [1] - 941:11

post-reclamation [1] -

941:11

potential [19] - 741:5, 12;

782:5; 784:4, 18; 795:3;

833:1; 834:10; 869:5;

938:20; 939:16; 942:11;

943:22, 24; 964:2; 969:1,

8; 970:17; 991:17

potentially [1] - 981:25

practical [2] - 788:6; 975:22

practice [1] - 889:23

practices [1] - 833:5

Practitioner [1] - 905:6

Practitioners [6] - 902:3;

904:16; 905:25; 906:11;

908:21; 909:3

Prairie [3] - 724:4; 945:17;

1018:1

pre [4] - 768:8; 933:20;

938:23; 959:18

Pre [2] - 925:25; 939:8

pre-development [1] -

959:18

pre-existed [1] - 768:8

Pre-Industrial [2] - 925:25;

939:8

pre-industrial [2] - 933:20;

938:23

precautionary [4] - 782:2,

21, 23; 784:15

precipitation [5] - 842:24;

843:3; 1012:21, 24; 1013:2

precipitous [2] - 922:18;

923:11

predation [2] - 935:25; 936:4

predator [1] - 935:6

predevelopment [1] - 899:1

predict [2] - 772:13; 996:5

predicted [6] - 822:12;

825:23; 877:12; 925:17;

959:16; 962:6

predicting [2] - 766:13;

860:11

prediction [6] - 772:15, 25;

773:23; 860:19; 876:6

predictions [2] - 821:9;

822:15

predominant [2] - 745:13;

966:21

predominantly [4] - 965:20;

966:4; 982:9

prefer [2] - 857:19; 932:4

preferences [1] - 931:25

preferred [1] - 936:6

preferring [1] - 932:18

prefix [1] - 767:5

Premier [1] - 812:23

preparation [1] - 975:12

prepare [1] - 843:16

prepared [10] - 732:9; 733:4;

799:22; 800:5; 840:10;

865:16; 866:1; 877:8;

880:12; 889:7

present [13] - 729:13;

841:14, 22; 877:7; 935:1;

963:2; 968:17, 19; 969:13;

971:19; 983:14; 984:3;

995:3

presentation [4] - 764:17;

765:13; 766:21; 767:11

PRESENTATION [1] - 727:12

presenting [1] - 945:1

presently [2] - 770:1; 775:3

presents [1] - 729:21

pressure [2] - 1010:10

presumably [2] - 729:19;

744:20

pretty [9] - 783:13; 786:15;

937:10; 960:4, 9, 11;

989:1; 1014:22, 24

prevalent [2] - 956:11;

1005:17

previous [5] - 854:8; 899:14;

908:6; 1004:12, 20

PREVIOUS [2] - 728:16;

1004:23

PREVIOUSLY [2] - 725:3;

730:20

previously [4] - 848:21;

891:7; 959:21; 1001:25

prey [1] - 935:6

prices [4] - 861:9, 20; 863:4,

8

primarily [5] - 802:8; 827:18;

869:25; 870:2; 1008:12

prime [1] - 1001:22

principle [6] - 782:2; 784:15,

24; 800:3; 801:20; 811:24

print [1] - 868:21

printed [3] - 759:19; 766:20;

767:10

PRINTED [1] - 727:11

pristine [3] - 956:4, 7, 10

private [3] - 864:10; 868:11;

1017:17

proactive [2] - 950:12;

952:21

problem [4] - 797:25;

800:23; 956:8; 957:20

problems [3] - 786:19;

795:10

proceeding [3] - 729:8;

791:8; 822:21

proceedings [4] - 863:7;

953:21; 1019:7, 10

PROCEEDINGS [3] - 721:15;

725:1; 726:11

process [18] - 750:17;

756:13; 758:23; 774:3;

783:17; 792:2; 801:23;

833:6; 853:8; 976:12;

985:3; 987:10; 993:1;

1002:13; 1006:2, 7;

1012:22

process-affected [1] -

756:13

processed [1] - 761:7

processes [5] - 780:6; 802:2,

5; 837:14; 1013:2

processing [2] - 761:19;

762:1

produce [2] - 843:19; 916:11

produced [5] - 762:24;

776:12, 18; 937:13; 938:3

producing [1] - 916:5

production [23] - 742:24;

743:5, 8, 12; 744:13;

745:3, 8; 747:2, 8-10, 14;

816:19, 25; 817:13, 17;

824:18; 829:6, 13; 878:18;



27

927:20; 928:3

Production [1] - 743:10

products [1] - 1014:1

professional [7] - 897:3, 7;

910:4, 6; 926:21, 24;

982:17

Professor [1] - 813:3

profile [1] - 823:22

Program [1] - 805:23

program [12] - 805:10;

806:19; 812:25; 844:23;

948:2, 19, 21-22; 968:14;

992:5; 999:19; 1007:10

program's [1] - 805:13

programming [2] - 863:24;

864:3

programs [9] - 806:16;

812:19; 813:14; 948:21;

969:14; 970:25; 971:1;

978:12; 1017:15

progress [5] - 796:15;

800:24; 838:8; 948:10, 12

progressed [1] - 899:4

progresses [1] - 839:22

progressing [1] - 839:2

progression [3] - 773:7;

929:13

progressive [4] - 927:7, 14,

18; 929:16

prohibits [1] - 762:4

Project [76] - 738:16; 740:10,

19; 745:19, 21; 748:10;

749:6; 750:20, 24; 752:1;

759:21; 760:7; 763:1;

791:21; 839:14; 841:13;

842:18; 852:16; 854:21;

855:1; 857:1; 862:17;

866:6; 868:7; 876:9;

879:12; 883:6, 8; 885:4;

892:18; 898:24; 899:2;

900:7; 920:8; 927:24;

935:20, 25; 936:24;

941:10; 949:15; 950:18;

953:2; 963:12-14; 964:13;

965:18; 968:18, 22;

969:12, 21, 24; 971:13;

972:16, 19; 977:19;

978:10, 13, 16-17; 979:17,

22; 980:18; 981:19-21;

996:9; 997:5, 11; 1007:12;

1016:3

project [19] - 737:1; 769:15;

796:7; 823:3; 824:5;

825:19; 839:11; 880:24;

905:23; 906:14; 948:4,

23-24; 949:23; 951:3;

970:17; 980:2

PROJECT [1] - 721:2

Project's [1] - 849:9

project-specific [1] - 737:2

projected [3] - 878:22;

879:2, 4

projecting [1] - 876:2

projection [1] - 876:11

projections [2] - 775:20;

878:18

projects [17] - 749:11; 750:7,

16; 824:7; 827:22; 833:2;

846:20; 849:11, 16, 18;

850:1; 854:8; 880:21;

905:7; 951:22; 953:2;

958:6

promised [1] - 757:15

promotion [1] - 868:3

pronounce [1] - 777:24

proper [2] - 810:7; 815:9

properly [2] - 775:7; 956:24

proponents [1] - 737:1

proportionally [1] - 869:18

proposal [3] - 853:13, 17;

856:2

propose [2] - 819:23; 844:5

proposed [5] - 834:12;

847:6; 989:4; 990:14;

991:22

PROPOSED [1] - 721:2

proposing [5] - 835:10, 14,

18; 836:19; 1011:25

proposition [1] - 815:23

pros [1] - 770:3

protect [6] - 837:24; 859:10;

957:22; 958:25; 991:20;

1000:13

protected [3] - 855:23;

890:25; 938:9

protecting [1] - 1001:10

Protection [1] - 821:21

protection [1] - 938:11

protective [3] - 763:2; 855:9;

857:10

protocols [1] - 976:9

proud [1] - 950:17

PROVIDE [10] - 728:3, 6-7,

13, 15; 758:16, 20; 841:7;

886:11; 1004:22

provide [39] - 732:11, 15, 25;

733:5, 11; 737:5; 758:7;

768:13; 775:11; 784:8;

789:16; 806:16; 835:7;

854:14; 856:4; 860:6;

868:7; 873:4; 879:6; 881:5;

885:23; 886:5, 17; 889:12;

901:12; 913:3; 915:4;

926:12; 932:13; 938:19;

965:23; 979:14, 20;

984:21; 990:18; 1004:19

provided [25] - 732:9;

733:25; 736:24; 737:23;

764:15; 803:17; 805:20;

806:23; 812:2; 842:1;

855:20; 868:11; 884:21,

24; 885:2; 888:7, 18;

892:4; 905:5; 906:8; 921:9;

947:9; 953:23; 954:12

provides [11] - 737:15;

741:2; 793:17; 832:24;

846:6; 850:14; 862:24;

864:7, 15; 894:13; 912:3

providing [8] - 734:5, 22;

799:8; 857:6; 884:25;

979:15; 984:12; 991:9

province [1] - 798:9

Provinces [1] - 1019:4

provincial [1] - 952:16

prudent [6] - 809:24; 810:10,

19; 811:4, 8; 812:2

public [5] - 807:2; 853:20;

854:13; 864:9; 889:24

Public [1] - 722:12

public-interest [2] - 807:2;

854:13

publications [1] - 808:13

publicly [4] - 764:12, 16;

804:6; 953:12

published [4] - 766:16;

808:5; 815:16; 977:6

pull [5] - 895:4; 897:19;

914:19; 932:21; 967:20

pulling [1] - 914:23

pump [1] - 995:13

pumping [1] - 795:4

pumps [2] - 995:12

purchasing [1] - 829:25

Purdy [3] - 724:2; 945:14

purifiers [1] - 991:16

purify [1] - 991:17

purpose [5] - 799:7; 812:17;

813:13; 824:14; 837:24

purposes [2] - 876:11;

995:10

push [1] - 916:25

pushes [1] - 756:1

put [39] - 744:23; 755:23;

762:10; 773:6; 788:25;

790:15; 793:18; 796:20;

797:24; 799:13; 802:22;

824:12; 847:25; 848:7;

855:7; 856:5, 12; 884:2;

895:14, 16; 896:21;

946:11; 947:10; 948:4;

978:23; 985:2; 986:20;

987:8; 991:22; 1002:19;

1005:23; 1006:6, 9;

1007:9, 21; 1011:22;

1012:2

puts [1] - 811:9

putting [7] - 761:18; 796:4;

797:2; 811:22; 896:13;

952:21; 987:13

PVA [1] - 887:23

Q

Q.C [4] - 723:2, 8, 21; 724:2

Q95 [4] - 851:16, 24; 852:5

QQ [1] - 831:18

qualification [1] - 810:25

quality [43] - 760:12; 762:15,

21; 763:9; 768:7, 11;

771:23, 25; 774:5; 788:25;

789:3, 16; 792:4; 801:22,

25; 802:7; 815:6, 11;

820:3, 18, 22; 821:2, 13;

822:14; 845:10; 848:14,

20; 850:13, 15, 23; 851:1,

3; 855:7; 900:10; 911:4;

956:2; 980:3, 12; 984:12;

988:18; 1000:25

Quality [2] - 843:20; 852:18

quantitative [3] - 810:24;

889:14; 897:4

quantities [1] - 779:20

Quantity [2] - 843:20; 852:20

quantity [6] - 845:11; 850:13,

15, 23; 852:21; 855:6

quarters [1] - 913:10

quaternary [1] - 996:24

Quest [3] - 950:18; 951:7, 17

questioned [1] - 804:3

questioning [1] - 862:14

questions [36] - 733:1;

738:23; 739:9, 17, 19, 25;

752:11; 753:3; 765:3;

779:10, 12; 787:20;

804:14, 16; 805:2; 809:23;

821:10; 836:25; 849:25;

859:12, 15; 860:2; 880:6,

10; 881:25; 883:4; 895:18;

897:22; 914:21; 944:4;

953:14; 955:8; 1006:12;

1016:23; 1017:25; 1018:5

quick [2] - 804:25; 955:8

quickly [4] - 923:17; 960:2,

4; 1004:5

quite [19] - 765:17; 776:1;

778:7; 791:16; 868:3;

878:21; 895:8; 936:2;

937:12; 943:12; 950:17;

960:1; 962:22; 967:6;

976:19; 977:5; 985:1;

995:23; 1009:21

quote [8] - 748:18; 783:25;

784:1; 786:14; 905:3, 21;

906:18

quotes [1] - 778:11

quoting [2] - 783:24; 784:9



28

R

R.S.A [2] - 721:7

rabbits [1] - 957:5

raise [2] - 895:17; 897:12

raising [1] - 792:6

RAMP [13] - 805:10; 806:5, 7,

15, 18, 21, 24; 807:1, 6, 9,

13; 977:4; 1016:1

range [17] - 868:8; 872:9;

931:13; 935:10, 21, 24;

937:1, 3, 24; 961:12;

962:11, 16, 19, 22; 970:24;

1001:17

Range [4] - 892:7; 914:17;

915:6; 917:21

ranged [1] - 819:3

ranges [2] - 935:17; 936:1

Rangi [1] - 723:13

ranging [1] - 899:12

rapid [1] - 999:20

rapidly [1] - 957:19

Rapids [3] - 965:8; 998:15,

17

rate [5] - 757:8; 765:21;

792:16; 825:24; 858:23

rates [5] - 758:3, 8; 766:12,

15; 1001:7

rating [11] - 881:15; 882:11,

19, 23; 884:7, 10; 893:13,

21; 898:13; 919:14, 21

ratings [1] - 898:11

ratio [3] - 824:17; 826:17;

827:3

raw [2] - 1014:8

Ray [1] - 724:2

RCR [3] - 724:15; 1019:3, 19

RE [4] - 726:9; 727:10;

735:20; 953:19

re [2] - 853:1; 930:19

re-establish [1] - 930:19

re-routing [1] - 853:1

reach [3] - 775:3; 975:16;

983:23

reaches [7] - 853:14; 855:21;

969:20; 970:8; 979:2;

985:9; 987:23

reactions [1] - 802:3

read [30] - 738:1, 7, 13-14;

745:25; 767:20; 784:13;

806:9; 809:17; 826:15;

832:20; 846:10; 858:16;

866:4; 868:23; 889:10, 18;

890:19; 891:8; 904:6;

906:20; 918:6, 15; 922:6;

931:19; 932:22; 947:12;

979:25; 994:2; 997:24

reading [3] - 794:3; 798:9;

819:15

ready [1] - 794:11

really [32] - 747:6, 18;

749:13; 750:8; 751:5;

797:1, 12; 799:8, 13;

810:12; 816:23; 850:5;

862:8; 883:21; 884:11;

897:2; 916:6; 920:1;

926:18; 936:24; 937:7, 10;

957:24; 958:7, 9, 17;

961:15; 968:23; 969:3;

975:22; 982:15; 992:24

realm [1] - 988:4

REALTIME [1] - 724:14

Realtime [3] - 973:16;

1019:4, 20

realtime [1] - 724:15

rear [1] - 971:18

reason [8] - 765:15; 848:2;

906:3; 967:24; 977:12;

982:18; 995:16, 18

reasonable [6] - 730:7;

788:6; 840:5; 927:3; 973:2;

1009:6

reasonably [2] - 940:9, 16

reasons [6] - 749:10; 754:16;

838:15; 884:17; 940:24;

975:20

recalculated [2] - 824:2, 13

receive [6] - 755:19; 756:13,

17; 760:3; 779:20; 842:24

received [1] - 813:8

receiving [2] - 773:16; 789:2

recent [6] - 860:3; 862:15;

865:1; 966:10; 971:1;

994:11

recently [3] - 738:14; 936:20;

950:17

recently-announced [1] -

936:20

receptors [2] - 910:21;

1000:19

reclaim [2] - 1001:24;

1003:15

reclaimed [6] - 779:22;

781:10; 927:16; 930:1, 13,

20

reclaiming [1] - 1004:3

Reclamation [2] - 777:11;

987:7

reclamation [26] - 781:4;

801:5; 899:2, 4; 901:16;

927:7, 10, 12, 14, 19;

929:14, 17, 19, 23; 930:7,

9; 931:1; 933:1; 934:5;

939:23; 941:11; 986:21;

1003:10, 21; 1009:13

recognize [3] - 855:9;

926:25; 952:9

recognizing [2] - 797:19;

828:23

recollect [1] - 899:23

Recommendation [1] -

767:18

recommendation [3] -

858:14; 859:4; 947:7

recommendations [3] -

776:18; 848:13; 947:12

recommended [5] - 785:5;

843:15; 848:22; 851:11;

854:8

recommends [1] - 853:18

reconfiguring [1] - 795:4

record [13] - 734:16; 758:13;

759:18; 786:6, 10; 812:3;

819:2, 24; 832:20; 841:3;

898:8; 946:11; 1004:18

RECORD [4] - 725:18; 726:1;

732:1; 877:3

recorded [3] - 732:20;

852:12; 1008:25

recording [2] - 729:6

records [2] - 732:15; 982:15

Recovery [4] - 936:20; 937:2,

18, 20

recovery [3] - 732:16, 21;

748:25

recycle [3] - 993:3; 1012:13;

1013:8

recycling [1] - 1011:11

red [5] - 829:18; 851:15,

24-25; 852:9

Red [12] - 977:15, 18;

979:21; 980:6, 17; 981:18;

982:4; 989:24; 990:8

reduce [10] - 747:4; 751:8;

810:6; 834:14; 835:5, 9;

836:4; 949:14; 992:5

reduced [3] - 780:15; 819:6,

16

reducing [3] - 746:23; 795:5;

922:23

reduction [1] - 810:1

reductions [2] - 795:7;

833:18

refer [12] - 759:8; 766:4;

860:14; 864:6; 867:23;

868:4; 897:23; 902:2, 21;

932:22; 996:17

reference [37] - 736:8; 737:4;

747:23; 748:5; 753:5;

758:6; 759:17; 768:23;

777:14; 778:15; 786:14;

803:17; 831:19; 834:5;

850:7; 851:6, 22; 852:16;

860:6; 863:1; 865:12, 20,

23; 875:25; 882:3; 888:16;

889:1; 890:10; 898:7;

903:23; 909:3; 911:10;

912:1, 19; 921:9; 932:13;

993:18

referenced [5] - 737:6;

766:18; 834:3; 886:15, 18

referencing [2] - 778:21;

910:21

referred [5] - 776:14; 801:14;

923:20; 925:23; 948:20

referring [24] - 746:2;

775:10; 781:7; 809:8, 12;

825:14; 841:16; 863:17;

893:10; 895:6; 898:9;

905:22; 912:8; 921:7;

923:7, 24; 926:3; 929:4;

934:14; 936:21; 941:24;

942:1; 980:5; 998:13

refers [6] - 777:1; 793:22;

892:15; 896:16; 897:14;

927:7

refine [1] - 800:11

reflects [2] - 741:4; 745:10

refresh [2] - 738:12; 805:1

regard [2] - 843:5; 880:11

regarding [10] - 733:2; 784:4;

802:11; 804:16; 806:11;

808:4; 821:10; 909:18;

910:7; 926:13

regardless [1] - 916:13

regime [1] - 953:10

regimes [1] - 952:22

Region [3] - 723:19; 832:8

region [48] - 736:19; 754:6,

14; 802:17; 806:14;

807:10, 13; 815:7, 11;

816:19; 822:21; 829:14,

17; 834:11; 856:15;

860:13; 861:6; 862:25;

865:5; 866:19; 874:12;

876:10; 881:4, 23-24;

884:21; 889:16; 891:1;

894:17; 898:4; 909:14;

917:24; 920:10; 933:22;

936:16, 23; 940:22;

942:25; 957:19; 974:12;

976:10; 977:7; 980:25;

981:3; 993:16; 1001:19;

1017:11, 17

REGION [4] - 725:20; 736:4,

6

region's [1] - 833:7

regional [18] - 896:15;

900:17; 901:6; 903:3;

904:9; 906:9; 915:6, 13,

21; 922:19; 924:12;

936:18; 937:8, 22; 948:7;

955:25; 966:22

Regional [24] - 724:2;

805:22; 831:16; 832:3, 16;

842:4; 863:6; 876:1;

880:13; 888:20; 889:8;

893:7; 899:11; 915:11;

917:13, 23; 921:25;



29

924:15; 934:14; 942:9;

944:25; 956:9; 998:5

regionally [1] - 900:14

regions [2] - 922:8, 21

registering [4] - 724:5, 10

registrar [2] - 953:23; 954:12

Registry [1] - 803:19

registry [3] - 748:1; 831:18;

954:20

regular [2] - 949:9

regularly [2] - 803:17; 885:20

regulating [1] - 837:9

regulator [2] - 751:4; 868:10

regulators [5] - 740:16;

801:1; 949:9; 1007:12, 19

regulatory [3] - 952:10, 22;

953:10

rehandle [1] - 790:7

reiterate [1] - 758:14

rejected [1] - 776:16

relate [1] - 742:24

RELATED [2] - 726:4; 944:15

related [13] - 739:20; 747:21;

767:14; 787:5; 789:12;

801:21; 831:15; 844:21;

847:12; 920:20; 966:23;

977:25

relates [6] - 738:9; 742:23;

765:5; 843:6; 877:5;

878:16

relating [2] - 768:5; 877:17

relation [5] - 841:4; 921:1;

945:10; 947:4, 7

Relations [2] - 736:10, 20

relations [1] - 736:22

relationship [1] - 749:5

relationships [3] - 903:18;

904:22; 906:5

relative [10] - 789:23; 793:11;

798:14; 809:3, 19; 944:23;

946:14; 963:12

Release [1] - 814:5

release [2] - 820:6; 916:9

released [4] - 773:16;

776:19; 814:2; 820:15

releases [1] - 732:15

releasing [2] - 760:14; 989:5

relevant [3] - 898:7; 918:20;

989:6

reliability [1] - 835:7

relied [1] - 978:11

relies [1] - 806:23

relocation [2] - 973:19;

975:9

rely [7] - 930:12; 931:20;

932:20, 24; 933:6, 8

relying [5] - 807:6; 821:7;

920:1; 932:23; 943:4

remain [4] - 889:25; 971:11,

17; 978:1

remainder [1] - 794:5

remaining [2] - 883:20;

926:18

remains [1] - 754:25

remarkably [1] - 766:11

remediate [1] - 773:14

remediation [1] - 793:21

remember [6] - 874:5;

884:24; 907:2; 930:8;

941:2

remind [1] - 729:6

reminder [1] - 876:16

remiss [1] - 981:18

remote [1] - 948:22

remote-camera [1] - 948:22

removal [2] - 956:19; 960:25

remove [2] - 976:1, 3

removed [5] - 761:1; 792:2;

959:4; 961:25; 976:8

removing [1] - 791:11

renewable [2] - 841:13, 17

rent [2] - 861:10, 24

rental [1] - 863:13

repeat [7] - 772:5; 777:20;

788:20; 811:6; 865:12;

967:1; 980:5

repeated [2] - 971:1; 973:2

repeating [1] - 851:19

repercussions [1] - 855:14

rephrase [4] - 820:19;

854:22; 935:4; 1011:13

replace [2] - 830:1; 885:25

REPLACE [2] - 728:14;

886:13

replaced [1] - 966:11

replacement [1] - 959:12

replaces [1] - 776:24

replenishing [1] - 983:11

report [29] - 734:15; 737:6;

744:8; 777:23; 797:2;

799:6, 8; 800:17; 804:16;

806:9; 807:5; 833:15;

834:3; 850:5; 859:23;

860:7; 862:5; 863:3, 15;

864:12; 875:12; 897:13;

898:9; 952:13; 953:5, 12;

966:19; 967:21, 23

REPORT [2] - 727:13; 814:21

Report [8] - 736:12; 899:17,

20; 918:1, 14; 947:6, 9;

951:13

reported [3] - 814:4; 949:7;

967:22

Reporter [2] - 1019:4, 20

reporter [2] - 757:16; 758:11

REPORTER'S [1] - 1019:1

REPORTING [1] - 724:14

reports [3] - 744:22; 808:3;

815:19

Reports [1] - 804:19

REPORTS [2] - 727:14;

814:22

repowering [1] - 834:10

represent [3] - 823:18;

830:16; 973:6

representative [1] - 1018:3

represented [2] - 723:10;

862:15

represents [1] - 939:15

Request [3] - 742:7; 920:22;

924:21

request [2] - 946:8; 989:15

requested [2] - 857:23;

992:21

REQUESTED [4] - 727:4, 7;

735:9, 15

requesting [1] - 857:1

Requests [1] - 928:17

Requests" [1] - 907:9

require [7] - 750:14; 848:6;

857:11; 922:20; 947:14;

987:8

required [2] - 952:14; 960:15

requirement [4] - 938:2;

952:12, 17; 964:18

requirements [4] - 771:23;

952:11; 960:18; 962:8

requires [3] - 782:3; 784:16;

914:15

requiring [2] - 863:23;

962:19

reran [1] - 885:21

research [4] - 763:18; 764:1,

5, 8

resemble [1] - 768:18

reserve [1] - 1017:9

Reserves [1] - 1017:6

reside [2] - 933:14; 972:18

residency [2] - 761:5; 766:1

residents [2] - 861:15; 865:5

residue [1] - 756:4

resilience [8] - 896:15;

907:23; 909:4, 8, 10, 24;

917:3

resilient [1] - 896:22

Resource [2] - 859:9; 948:6

resource [2] - 740:21; 749:17

resource-holding [1] -

740:21

RESOURCES [4] - 721:3, 6,

11; 722:9

Resources [2] - 782:18;

849:23

resources [20] - 750:5;

841:14, 17; 842:18, 20;

880:6, 22; 881:12; 882:3;

898:20; 900:21; 901:22;

903:5; 904:11; 911:10, 12;

914:4; 919:21; 920:9;

948:8

respect [30] - 732:14, 25;

733:7; 742:5; 752:12;

753:3; 770:5; 772:9; 775:5,

9; 783:23; 805:2; 809:21;

813:16; 819:6; 822:22;

825:1; 836:12; 843:25;

854:15; 862:16; 868:11;

909:20; 915:13; 968:21;

981:20; 1017:10, 14, 16

RESPECT [2] - 727:17;

844:13

respond [2] - 765:8; 963:4

responds [1] - 960:1

response [7] - 733:4; 748:22;

767:17; 788:22; 815:1;

846:9; 868:10

Response [6] - 742:14;

859:22; 902:11; 920:21;

924:21; 930:15

RESPONSE [6] - 727:4, 7, 9;

735:8, 14, 18

Responses [2] - 906:21;

907:7

responses [6] - 732:9; 733:1;

862:25; 864:9; 893:11;

922:18

responsible [3] - 860:12;

966:13, 15

restate [1] - 891:23

restoration [1] - 986:23

restricted [1] - 983:22

result [8] - 802:10; 822:24;

854:19; 864:25; 922:13;

925:16; 934:12; 941:10

resulting [2] - 820:24;

942:12

results [15] - 763:17, 25;

769:20; 796:19; 808:4;

813:8, 24; 818:19; 844:23;

849:8; 893:21; 949:5, 8;

1017:5

resume [2] - 946:19; 1017:24

RESUME [2] - 726:12;

1018:13

resumed [1] - 944:18

resumes [1] - 946:20

RESUMING [2] - 725:3;

730:20

resurgence [1] - 746:14

retained [2] - 751:13; 999:24

retrieve [1] - 803:15

retrofits [5] - 833:20; 834:12;

835:10, 19; 836:20

retrofitting [1] - 834:17

return [1] - 987:1

returns [3] - 791:21; 956:22

reuse [1] - 1012:21

reused [1] - 1006:2

revamped [1] - 1002:4

reversed [1] - 887:21



30

reversibility [1] - 882:14

Review [12] - 722:7; 804:17;

833:11; 841:12; 843:13;

854:7, 12; 881:8; 899:14,

18; 908:12; 921:20

REVIEW [3] - 721:1; 727:22

review [6] - 734:8; 739:1;

750:18; 776:18; 947:11, 16

reviewed [4] - 739:3, 6;

777:10

reviewing [2] - 732:7; 782:16

reviews [1] - 737:2

Rick [1] - 843:24

RICK [2] - 727:17; 844:12

riffle [4] - 965:16; 966:8;

979:4; 990:11

riffle-pool [1] - 966:8

right-hand [1] - 830:14

rigorous [3] - 785:5; 812:25;

1007:19

rip [1] - 974:10

rip-wrap [1] - 974:10

rising [1] - 864:21

risk [10] - 770:9; 773:22;

782:24; 783:2; 785:13;

786:11, 13; 868:16

Risk [1] - 925:20

risks [4] - 788:18; 793:11,

19; 798:14

RIVER [4] - 727:14, 18;

814:23; 844:14

river [39] - 775:3; 808:12;

839:12; 842:8, 16; 843:4;

848:21; 855:24; 858:5;

859:11; 958:12; 959:14;

960:1, 3-4, 9, 11-12; 963:3,

15-16; 965:19; 971:13;

973:7, 10-11; 974:2; 978:2;

981:10, 14; 992:6, 11;

993:14; 998:8; 999:5;

1006:25; 1007:5; 1013:1

River [119] - 723:17; 740:22,

25; 741:4, 21, 23; 742:2;

759:14; 760:4; 804:19;

808:5; 817:5, 8; 827:7;

836:25; 837:21, 25; 839:4,

25; 840:19; 841:21, 24;

844:1, 8; 846:2; 847:20;

851:1, 12; 852:17, 19;

853:2, 15; 854:2; 855:4;

856:2, 9, 18, 24; 857:10;

858:9; 867:6; 877:6, 11;

879:11; 947:25; 951:9;

952:3; 958:14, 16; 959:7,

10; 962:7, 9, 16; 963:11,

15, 25; 964:9, 12; 965:6,

12, 14-15, 17; 969:21;

970:4, 8, 12; 971:5, 8;

972:21, 24; 973:19; 974:9,

22; 977:20, 24; 978:14, 22;

979:3, 5, 14, 18, 23; 980:1,

4, 11, 14-15; 981:2, 6, 8,

10, 15, 24; 982:1, 5-6, 8,

10, 15; 983:24; 984:12;

990:3; 993:4, 25; 994:6;

996:3, 13; 998:24; 999:25;

1002:4; 1004:2; 1012:15;

1014:12; 1016:2, 4

Rivers [1] - 947:25

rivers [2] - 961:20; 998:20

road [5] - 800:18; 821:21;

955:11, 16

roads [3] - 890:22; 1008:12,

14

Roberts [9] - 754:19; 760:22;

866:2; 874:18; 877:19;

878:8; 997:13; 1004:18;

1011:25

ROBERTS [23] - 725:16;

728:9, 15; 731:20; 754:18;

760:23; 781:17; 790:22;

829:24; 834:16; 857:18;

866:16; 868:19; 869:12;

874:22; 877:21; 973:21;

986:19; 997:14; 1002:1;

1004:22; 1005:9; 1012:17

robust [1] - 785:25

rock [3] - 801:13, 25; 802:4

rocky [5] - 965:9, 16; 979:4;

980:16, 21

roll [2] - 1009:1

room [3] - 733:6, 12; 944:19

ROSEMARY [2] - 725:12;

731:11

Rothwell [1] - 723:23

rough [5] - 730:2; 761:20;

798:1; 816:23; 827:3

roughly [3] - 826:16; 933:21;

939:15

rounding [1] - 744:24

routing [1] - 853:1

row [2] - 795:1

royalty [1] - 791:22

RPR [3] - 724:15; 1019:3, 19

RSA [18] - 887:2, 13, 22;

898:13, 18; 900:4; 901:23;

925:15; 926:15, 18; 931:8;

932:9; 934:17; 938:20, 24;

939:17; 940:10

rubble [1] - 964:8

rule [1] - 896:24

run [5] - 756:17; 949:2;

976:18; 977:22; 997:6

run-off [1] - 756:17

running [3] - 997:11;

1014:10; 1018:6

runoff [6] - 773:14; 781:13,

21; 793:16; 842:25; 975:4

runs [2] - 976:21; 990:2

rural [1] - 876:8

S

S.C [1] - 721:10

safe [9] - 774:8; 776:3;

880:15; 988:9, 15, 21;

995:19; 1008:10; 1014:19

safely [1] - 772:19

SAFETY [2] - 727:6; 735:13

safety [1] - 775:20

SAGD [1] - 830:7

sale [1] - 861:9

saline [1] - 779:22

salinity [2] - 802:9, 19

salvage [2] - 974:19, 21

salvaging [2] - 974:24;

975:18

Sam" [1] - 859:20

sample [3] - 969:14; 999:10;

1015:25

sampled [1] - 999:12

sampler [1] - 1008:17

samples [8] - 967:16, 19;

968:3; 980:8; 1008:19;

1015:17; 1016:2, 4

sampling [16] - 805:12;

808:4; 967:21, 25; 971:18;

972:23; 973:3, 5, 8-9;

976:20; 977:17; 978:6, 9,

18

SAND [2] - 727:15; 814:23

sand [6] - 756:2; 965:22;

1005:11; 1010:6; 1011:22

Sander [1] - 723:2

Sands [7] - 724:1; 737:7;

739:17; 740:19; 804:20;

885:4; 951:12

sands [50] - 741:25; 746:4;

747:10, 14; 769:3; 780:19,

22; 786:17; 787:12;

798:23; 801:23; 805:14;

806:11, 20; 807:12; 809:5,

15, 20, 22; 810:19; 812:20;

813:22; 814:3; 816:18, 25;

818:20; 849:11, 18, 25;

878:17; 881:23; 884:21;

892:4; 894:25; 895:12;

899:14; 908:6, 13; 909:14;

936:10, 16, 23; 949:25;

950:12; 951:3; 975:12;

976:10; 1011:8

SANDS [7] - 721:8; 725:22;

726:3, 7; 740:4; 880:3;

947:2

saturates [1] - 995:1

saturation [1] - 960:19

saw [4] - 839:23; 862:21;

867:20; 870:10

SAWYER [2] - 725:10; 731:8

scale [10] - 774:11; 777:2;

903:3; 904:9; 906:9;

909:19; 924:18; 937:4, 8;

1014:23

scenario [6] - 782:7; 784:20;

829:10; 888:21; 889:21;

891:13

Schaaf [1] - 860:10

SCHAAF [6] - 725:6; 730:25;

860:9; 868:2; 875:22;

1016:21

Schaff [1] - 875:19

schedule [6] - 730:10, 13;

750:15; 945:12; 946:5, 7

scheduled [1] - 946:5

schedules [1] - 761:21

scheduling [5] - 730:13;

803:22; 944:17; 945:24;

946:14

scheme [1] - 986:21

schemes [1] - 974:5

Schindler [2] - 808:3; 813:12

Schindler's [1] - 813:3

science [5] - 771:11; 772:4;

774:13; 914:3; 970:9

science-based [1] - 914:3

scientific [5] - 782:3; 783:22;

784:3, 16; 786:12

Scientific [1] - 921:21

SCIENTIFIC [1] - 727:23

scope [6] - 741:9; 809:18;

813:7; 845:5; 846:15;

968:13

scoping [4] - 905:7, 22;

906:1, 13

scores [1] - 911:3

scoring [1] - 911:6

SCR [2] - 834:14; 835:11

screens [1] - 916:22

se [2] - 770:16; 959:19

search [1] - 883:25

season [8] - 970:20; 973:12,

20; 975:5, 14, 21; 976:13

seats [4] - 871:24; 872:21;

878:5

second [54] - 732:24; 736:16;

749:25; 752:24; 754:9;

756:23; 779:14; 781:5, 24;

784:10; 786:2; 789:6;

790:14; 794:23; 795:1;

799:1; 801:16; 803:20;

822:18; 827:11; 844:24;

847:17; 851:1, 18, 23;

857:23; 858:4, 10, 15,

18-19, 21, 25; 859:5;

877:15; 878:15; 887:8;

891:8; 902:16, 24; 904:3;

905:3, 20; 922:1; 925:12;

953:25; 973:13; 984:10;

994:13; 1002:16; 1005:3;

1017:12



31

second-last [3] - 902:16, 24;

904:3

secondary [1] - 802:6

SECRETARIAT [1] - 722:14

section [22] - 742:12; 748:12,

18; 749:4; 778:20, 23;

801:9; 807:19; 819:16;

831:22; 859:14; 863:17;

864:18; 905:25; 907:12;

911:12; 959:11; 965:17;

966:7; 971:12; 980:20;

1006:18

Section [30] - 722:12;

736:11, 15; 778:22;

781:23; 783:25; 784:11;

790:4; 794:2; 807:17;

832:1; 844:18; 845:3;

851:12; 852:15, 21;

860:24; 863:16; 864:12;

865:22; 866:4; 896:1;

906:23; 907:9; 921:24;

924:23; 925:2; 993:11, 22;

1017:12

sections [2] - 779:10; 976:2

sector [1] - 864:10

sediment [3] - 771:5; 965:21

see [65] - 743:14, 16, 20;

744:9; 745:22; 748:4;

755:15; 756:23; 758:3;

765:20; 773:18; 776:2;

780:1; 785:19; 786:2;

794:23; 801:17; 802:24;

805:16; 806:6; 818:17;

819:6, 25; 827:21; 828:11;

845:15; 848:13, 15; 850:8,

24; 851:4; 860:17; 861:1;

887:9; 891:4, 18; 899:3,

23; 903:21; 904:4; 905:1;

911:4, 12-13; 913:12, 24;

917:22; 925:11; 934:11;

949:5; 952:7, 13; 960:25;

961:14; 968:10; 988:3;

991:12; 997:19; 1000:4;

1003:5; 1006:16, 20;

1014:18

seeing [3] - 874:5; 989:7;

1007:16

seeking [3] - 799:16; 987:3

seem [3] - 767:3; 891:20;

966:11

seep [1] - 757:25

SEEP [2] - 728:6; 758:21

seepage [20] - 756:8; 757:22,

24; 758:1, 3, 8; 759:5;

773:14; 779:21; 999:11;

1005:14, 16, 18, 20;

1006:6; 1007:4; 1010:10,

21, 25

SEEPAGE [4] - 728:5;

758:19

seeps [2] - 999:14, 21

Segregated [1] - 756:9

segregating [4] - 1002:24;

1012:1, 7

seismic [1] - 890:23

select [1] - 782:25

SELECTED [1] - 727:22

Selected [1] - 921:21

selection [1] - 936:3

Self [1] - 723:10

self [8] - 767:24; 769:11;

837:8; 907:25; 909:4, 9;

926:9

self-regulating [1] - 837:9

Self-represented [1] -

723:10

self-sustaining [7] - 767:24;

769:11; 837:8; 907:25;

909:4, 9; 926:9

sense [4] - 874:1; 936:8;

939:25; 942:4

sensitive [1] - 962:18

sensor [1] - 1009:3

sent [2] - 838:6; 1015:19

sentence [10] - 745:25;

780:16; 781:5; 791:5;

805:7; 806:4; 808:24;

813:17; 887:18; 925:12

sentences [1] - 998:15

separate [2] - 815:20; 824:10

September [12] - 832:17;

881:1; 896:1; 906:20;

907:7; 920:21; 924:21;

930:15; 933:19; 939:1, 4

sequential [1] - 790:17

sequentially [1] - 790:20

sequester [1] - 950:20

seral [6] - 934:3, 7-8, 10, 21;

935:1

series [3] - 815:13, 20; 852:7

seriously [1] - 869:6

serve [2] - 746:4; 788:23

served [2] - 812:17; 813:12

service [1] - 871:3

Service [1] - 876:8

services [4] - 862:8, 10;

863:23; 864:24

session [1] - 729:8

set [23] - 744:23; 750:24;

762:24; 794:8; 889:9;

898:22; 900:12, 14, 24-25;

901:7, 18; 906:2; 908:16;

915:7, 15, 17; 951:10, 13;

953:9; 978:19; 999:3;

1019:8

sets [3] - 788:15; 795:17;

889:20

setting [1] - 967:22

seven [1] - 819:3

several [2] - 798:3; 923:1

sewage [6] - 1013:4, 10, 20;

1014:7

sewer [2] - 1013:19, 21

Shaliza [1] - 724:7

shallow [1] - 754:24

shallower [2] - 755:7, 9

shape [1] - 989:1

shaped [1] - 781:12

share [2] - 849:7; 999:2

shared [1] - 737:17

sharing [1] - 763:17

Shawn [1] - 723:2

shed [1] - 901:3

SHEET [2] - 727:6; 735:13

sheets [1] - 733:8

Shell [110] - 723:2; 729:19;

732:10; 733:14; 737:5;

745:22; 746:2; 749:9;

760:16; 762:3, 15; 763:12,

15-16; 764:2, 10, 17, 23;

765:13; 767:22; 770:6, 22;

772:13; 773:9, 24; 776:7,

10; 777:5, 8, 12; 782:12;

786:9; 787:21; 788:12, 15;

789:22; 790:19, 21;

792:24; 795:6; 798:8, 13;

799:16, 22; 800:4; 806:7,

20, 23; 811:4, 8, 11, 23;

812:1; 813:11; 820:1;

821:13; 829:22; 831:4, 9,

12-13; 834:12; 835:10, 18;

836:1; 837:17, 22; 838:12;

840:1; 841:12; 853:10;

855:19; 856:5; 857:6;

859:1, 4; 868:14; 870:4;

871:16; 872:16; 877:19;

882:1; 885:18, 21; 900:18;

915:1, 4; 920:12; 927:7;

947:5, 14, 23; 949:12;

950:10, 25; 952:2; 957:21;

973:12; 991:19; 992:1;

997:2; 999:10; 1000:13;

1001:24; 1005:8; 1008:7;

1010:14; 1012:15;

1013:22; 1018:5

SHELL [20] - 721:2; 725:3,

18; 726:1; 727:4-8, 10;

730:20; 732:1; 735:8, 10,

12-13, 16, 20; 877:3

Shell's [24] - 729:19; 733:9;

737:8; 745:20; 748:24;

765:25; 767:19; 780:25;

781:16, 18; 804:21; 812:8;

815:1; 856:2, 7; 857:8;

870:5; 873:2; 882:10;

910:10; 955:10; 971:8;

1000:16; 1006:22

shift [1] - 1009:1

shopping [2] - 794:20; 797:2

shops [1] - 867:7

short [9] - 765:17; 846:19;

960:9, 11; 963:6; 971:15;

976:2; 980:20; 990:7

short-lived [2] - 960:9, 11

short-term [1] - 846:19

shortfalls [1] - 799:11

shorthand [1] - 1019:8

shovel [2] - 836:8, 15

shovels [1] - 836:14

show [8] - 827:16; 829:13;

832:11; 889:2; 901:15;

932:2; 971:22

showed [4] - 816:8; 967:17;

972:6

showers [1] - 992:17

showing [7] - 743:21; 745:1;

765:20; 825:22; 829:17;

867:25

shows [9] - 753:9; 765:18;

822:23; 867:10; 895:6;

910:14; 911:1; 929:12;

1006:18

shut [1] - 857:16

shuttle [1] - 871:10

sic [9] - 743:18; 764:17;

802:2; 831:22; 851:24;

852:18; 902:4; 905:6;

917:10

sic) [1] - 853:22

side [30] - 740:22; 741:3,

21-23; 742:1; 747:8; 782:9;

784:22; 785:1; 794:23;

830:14; 862:1; 867:5;

869:22; 957:1; 974:8;

977:20; 979:23; 980:13;

981:5, 12; 1006:19;

1007:1; 1009:13, 15;

1014:25; 1015:11

sides [5] - 981:9, 12, 14;

982:1

Sierra [4] - 724:4; 945:17;

1017:25; 1018:3

significance [33] - 881:5, 9,

21; 882:18; 883:11; 896:4,

12; 898:21; 899:6, 9;

900:5, 9, 13, 17; 901:16,

19; 902:1; 903:2, 10;

904:8, 18; 905:4, 8, 23;

906:12; 908:9, 11; 909:5;

915:2; 919:16, 19; 925:17;

927:4

Significance [3] - 896:2;

904:3; 907:11

significant [22] - 747:16;

779:20; 780:13; 800:7;

833:18; 867:4; 871:15;

880:21; 881:3, 18; 882:2,

11; 883:1; 892:20; 893:22;

894:11; 898:17; 901:4;

907:22; 933:17, 25; 1002:2



32

significantly [1] - 867:8

silt [1] - 965:22

silt-sand [1] - 965:22

silted [1] - 963:23

silty [1] - 966:5

similar [12] - 766:10; 768:8,

11; 769:4; 775:12; 780:6;

793:3; 873:11; 980:10;

981:3; 985:10

similarly [1] - 979:11

SIMONS [2] - 725:13; 731:13

simple [1] - 811:21

simpler [1] - 854:22

simulation [5] - 770:7, 21;

889:13; 943:1; 996:9

simulations [2] - 770:10, 16

single [1] - 973:4

sink [1] - 1012:4

SIR [6] - 742:14; 745:18;

913:3; 928:12

SIR27A [1] - 868:5

SIR29 [3] - 902:12, 15, 18

SIR32 [3] - 859:23; 862:15;

863:16

SIR8 [1] - 824:25

SIR9 [4] - 902:22; 903:24;

913:6

SIRs [1] - 933:24

sit [4] - 868:2; 944:24; 945:2,

12

site [20] - 738:16; 769:5, 13;

781:10; 824:10; 835:3;

867:9; 869:2; 870:5; 879:2;

929:21; 935:9; 947:25;

948:1; 968:18; 1001:12,

16; 1007:1

site-specific [1] - 948:1

sites [4] - 760:11; 805:11;

998:10; 1006:23

sitting [2] - 945:8, 19

situ [4] - 742:22; 743:5, 15;

878:25

situated [1] - 990:1

situation [3] - 935:21;

959:16; 1016:17

six [4] - 747:25; 775:15

size [8] - 753:24; 754:6, 21;

795:5, 7; 873:5, 15; 875:4

SIZE [2] - 728:11; 874:24

skill [1] - 1019:11

skip [1] - 887:18

slide [1] - 765:18

slight [2] - 746:13; 764:22

slightly [1] - 964:17

slip [1] - 854:23

slope [1] - 964:7

slopes [2] - 998:8; 1004:4

slow [3] - 965:20; 979:7, 11

slow-moving [2] - 965:20;

979:7

slowly [3] - 959:22; 960:6;

1007:3

sludge [3] - 1014:1, 3

small [9] - 745:11; 819:7;

826:21; 972:8, 17; 992:10;

1001:6; 1015:19, 21

smaller [4] - 755:6; 770:2;

980:15; 1011:17

smart [1] - 799:4

Smith [1] - 831:12

snapshot [1] - 973:5

snapshots [1] - 929:19

snowmelt [1] - 808:11

snowpack [1] - 808:10

SO [2] - 728:5; 758:19

social [10] - 749:18; 751:12,

25; 782:6; 784:19; 785:14;

853:21; 855:14; 862:4;

864:2

social/cultural [1] - 845:24

socio [13] - 749:1, 10;

750:13; 751:9, 16; 752:7;

859:13, 24; 860:4; 862:16,

24; 864:16; 1016:14

socio-economic [12] - 749:1,

10; 750:13; 751:9, 16;

752:7; 859:13, 24; 860:4;

862:24; 864:16; 1016:14

socio-economics [1] -

862:16

solubility [3] - 960:21; 961:7,

10

solution [1] - 793:13

solutions [1] - 803:1

solvent [3] - 732:16, 21;

733:9

someone [1] - 792:15

sometime [2] - 966:18; 988:2

sometimes [5] - 916:3;

931:21; 958:20; 964:20;

1008:6

somewhat [1] - 945:13

somewhere [5] - 744:20;

827:8; 866:21; 874:8;

1013:5

soon [1] - 971:3

sooner [3] - 1001:24; 1003:3,

15

sore [1] - 912:19

Sorry [1] - 781:4

sorry [100] - 742:12; 747:3;

752:24; 754:5; 757:20;

761:15; 764:24; 766:7;

768:22; 771:19; 772:24;

775:6; 779:2; 783:24;

784:8; 785:14; 791:5;

795:2; 804:14; 805:21;

809:7; 810:16; 811:6;

812:12; 820:19; 825:3;

828:4, 17; 830:11, 21;

834:4; 838:19; 842:1;

843:12; 845:7; 849:17;

850:3, 7; 851:1; 852:21;

854:17, 22; 856:20; 858:7,

15; 862:13; 865:12, 20;

870:5; 875:24; 879:22;

887:6; 888:8, 15; 895:13,

16; 896:4; 898:2; 902:18;

903:23; 905:19; 906:25;

912:1, 19; 913:5; 916:23;

919:7; 924:24; 928:8, 14,

16, 19; 929:9; 936:17;

943:25; 944:1; 947:24;

948:11; 949:9; 960:10;

962:5; 967:1; 973:15, 17;

980:5; 981:17; 982:25;

983:13; 993:8; 998:12;

1004:7; 1006:10, 14;

1011:12; 1014:16;

1016:15, 20

sort [8] - 783:15; 864:5;

883:22; 926:1; 931:12;

946:7; 958:13; 959:17

sorts [1] - 924:4

sound [5] - 787:16; 900:7;

930:23; 935:13; 938:21

sounds [7] - 730:7; 816:21;

831:11; 859:17; 932:14;

947:21; 1003:9

source [10] - 812:6; 814:6,

11, 13; 818:14; 822:16;

826:19; 912:23; 1016:1

Source [1] - 755:14

sources [9] - 746:5, 20;

756:22; 759:4; 814:6;

828:8; 830:7, 16

South [1] - 722:18

south [3] - 872:1; 1007:25

southeast [2] - 998:3;

1009:15

southern [2] - 753:16;

761:18

southwest [1] - 1009:15

space [2] - 826:22; 1011:24

spaces [1] - 756:1

span [1] - 765:21

spatial [5] - 841:25; 842:1;

906:1, 13; 940:14

spawn [19] - 961:17; 963:4,

8, 10, 22; 964:19; 968:1;

973:1; 976:14, 16; 977:8,

11, 25; 978:1; 983:1, 6, 10;

989:21

spawning [45] - 961:23;

962:2, 9, 23; 963:15, 19;

964:2, 4, 18, 22; 965:3, 6,

9, 23; 966:11; 968:1, 15,

20, 24; 969:1; 970:20;

971:16, 23; 972:10; 975:5,

21; 976:15, 17, 21, 24-25;

977:23; 978:24; 979:16;

981:16; 982:22; 983:9;

984:13; 987:25; 990:12,

19, 22; 991:10

speaking [6] - 738:16;

755:22; 846:19; 936:22;

940:14; 966:3

speaks [2] - 791:13; 1003:25

special [2] - 900:21

specialist [1] - 795:22

species [95] - 763:3; 768:20;

769:8, 12, 19, 25; 771:1, 7;

776:2; 787:6; 837:11;

884:15; 894:2, 25; 898:7;

899:12; 909:14; 915:1;

923:13; 925:16; 926:6, 13;

930:12; 931:16, 19; 932:4,

7, 11-12, 17, 20, 23; 933:5,

12; 934:2, 7-8; 956:1;

957:5, 9; 958:21; 962:9,

15-16, 18, 21, 23; 963:7,

16; 964:5, 10-11, 13-14,

17, 21, 23; 965:1, 5, 24;

968:25; 970:5, 11; 973:6;

976:11, 15; 981:16;

983:15, 18, 25; 984:1, 3, 7;

985:8, 25; 986:4, 9-10, 17;

987:11, 14, 22; 989:12,

18-19; 990:23; 991:2, 6;

1015:24

Species [1] - 925:19

species-dependent [1] -

964:5

species.. [1] - 925:9

specific [28] - 737:2; 741:15;

763:8; 783:24; 787:14;

843:6; 852:16; 856:21;

859:25; 860:14; 914:21;

948:1; 967:13, 18, 21, 24;

976:11; 978:10; 984:25;

986:4; 990:22; 991:7;

1014:14, 16; 1015:16;

1017:18

specifically [20] - 742:9;

763:11; 777:23; 778:9;

786:14; 802:14; 830:12;

841:24; 866:17; 882:3;

900:21; 902:11; 950:25;

959:2; 966:23; 967:3;

969:2; 978:15; 990:18;

1016:3

specifications [2] - 821:17;

822:3

specifics [3] - 752:3; 787:5;

908:25

specified [1] - 952:12

speculate [6] - 751:19, 23;

752:9; 799:25; 800:1

sped [1] - 1004:13



33

speed [2] - 1004:8; 1008:22

speller [4] - 752:17; 841:3;

877:14; 880:10

Speller [2] - 830:10

SPELLER [32] - 725:14;

728:7; 731:16; 753:4;

755:16; 759:23; 762:19;

805:4, 21; 808:7; 812:7;

815:18; 820:19; 825:11;

826:16; 830:10; 839:6;

840:13; 841:7; 842:11;

865:24; 874:10; 877:9;

880:14; 884:25; 888:23;

898:15; 910:18; 912:18;

918:5; 933:19; 940:13

spend [2] - 958:3; 977:22

spending [2] - 936:4

spent [1] - 958:14

spill [1] - 869:8

spills [1] - 868:17

SPOKEN [8] - 725:18; 726:1,

5, 9; 732:1; 877:3; 944:15;

953:19

sporadic [1] - 1015:1

spots [2] - 779:4; 927:15

spring [10] - 961:20; 962:23;

967:17; 975:2, 20, 23;

976:15; 1008:12

spring-spawning [1] -

976:15

springs [1] - 999:5

springtime [2] - 961:18, 24

square [6] - 752:22; 753:22;

754:1; 795:7; 839:5;

935:18

squared [3] - 753:11

SRD [3] - 727:10; 735:20;

804:6

staff [1] - 954:4

staffing [1] - 863:25

Stage [1] - 857:3

stage [8] - 750:2; 794:12;

917:2; 934:3; 940:4;

984:14; 985:3, 19

stage-wise [1] - 750:2

stages [4] - 773:7; 847:10;

935:2; 962:10

staggered [2] - 922:22;

923:6

staggering [1] - 923:8

stakeholders [7] - 740:15;

791:23; 937:10; 985:11;

986:24; 987:12; 989:16

Stan [1] - 949:2

stand [2] - 757:17; 824:5

stand-alone [1] - 824:5

standards [9] - 762:15, 18,

21; 763:8; 821:20; 822:3;

823:11, 24

stands [1] - 940:6

start [29] - 732:5; 746:17;

750:1, 16; 752:13; 757:12;

761:17, 23; 793:15; 796:4;

803:21; 807:7; 817:8, 10;

823:2; 828:21, 24; 855:18;

880:9; 883:22, 25; 890:11;

955:9; 974:4; 976:21;

989:5, 7; 999:17; 1003:21

start-up [2] - 750:16; 828:21

started [5] - 785:17; 817:12,

14; 909:13, 16

starting [10] - 761:15;

794:21; 805:22; 921:5;

922:3; 927:18; 928:2;

931:13, 15; 940:25

starts [15] - 745:22; 781:4;

806:3; 807:18; 828:24;

887:18; 890:10, 13, 18;

902:24; 925:6; 957:3;

962:24

state [8] - 767:19; 791:2;

815:6; 882:24; 887:3, 14;

892:17; 987:2

statement [8] - 740:9; 804:2;

850:4, 18; 912:17; 947:10;

967:8, 12

Statement [4] - 740:14;

911:22; 913:20; 955:15

statements [4] - 734:11;

738:10; 892:5; 894:9

States [1] - 821:21

states [11] - 745:22; 746:3;

808:24; 818:24; 819:5, 21;

886:24; 902:24; 906:24;

918:14; 930:15

station [8] - 818:9; 819:9,

11-13, 20; 1008:17

stationary [1] - 830:16

stations [3] - 818:20; 819:4;

821:6

statistics [2] - 871:5, 7

status [4] - 892:2; 966:19;

1013:16, 18

Status [1] - 723:15

stay [1] - 978:3

steep [1] - 998:8

steeper [1] - 966:1

step [3] - 777:4; 808:2;

843:10

Stephen [1] - 724:16

steps [8] - 786:18; 795:10;

950:12, 16; 951:16, 23;

952:7; 953:7

Steven [1] - 722:17

Stewart [1] - 724:6

stick [1] - 820:11

still [25] - 751:13; 759:15;

794:8; 807:13; 847:14;

849:19, 24; 855:23; 895:1;

918:3; 920:20; 930:1, 7;

933:11, 13; 949:21;

962:11; 963:1; 977:13;

1003:5, 15; 1008:24

stop [5] - 746:8; 815:15;

838:4; 912:14; 973:14

stopped [1] - 838:3

stops [1] - 930:10

storage [13] - 756:5; 760:20,

24; 780:8, 10; 855:25;

856:1, 3, 5; 857:7, 11;

950:19; 1012:5

store [1] - 761:10

stored [2] - 759:21, 25

stories [1] - 801:12

story [1] - 973:10

straightforward [1] - 936:2

strategy [1] - 936:3

Strategy [4] - 936:21; 937:2,

18, 21

stream [11] - 851:11; 963:10;

966:4; 967:5, 7, 15; 972:2,

4, 8; 977:23; 983:5

streamflow [2] - 851:16, 25

streams [25] - 959:24; 963:8;

970:21; 976:19; 977:2, 13;

978:4, 17; 981:5, 11;

982:22, 25; 983:1, 3, 8-9;

984:6; 991:7; 998:23;

1000:24; 1001:5, 12

strictly [1] - 830:18

strides [2] - 937:16; 938:12

strike [2] - 958:15; 972:3

stringent [1] - 992:1

strong [2] - 968:19; 991:18

strongly [1] - 794:5

structured [1] - 840:17

struggle [1] - 893:19

students [1] - 949:1

studies [18] - 769:4, 6;

775:13; 802:13; 813:4;

815:13; 853:22; 854:2;

967:16; 968:6; 969:5;

970:6, 19, 24; 971:6;

1015:16

Study [22] - 842:2, 4; 893:7;

898:22; 899:10; 900:12,

15, 25; 901:1, 5, 7, 17;

917:15, 23; 934:14;

942:17; 956:9; 978:8;

995:1; 998:5

study [19] - 766:17; 769:23;

770:18, 20; 787:18;

789:18; 809:18; 815:16;

816:22; 842:1; 867:25;

883:23; 898:22; 901:25;

912:3, 21; 948:15; 995:3

stuff [6] - 958:13; 961:17;

991:18; 1000:11; 1011:8,

17

subcrops [2] - 998:6, 16

subfraction [1] - 826:7

subject [11] - 739:21; 761:17,

20; 803:3; 836:5; 840:4;

870:7; 961:22; 972:20;

992:19; 1013:13

subjective [2] - 897:6; 910:3

Submission [4] - 834:4;

903:24; 928:6; 933:20

submission [15] - 766:5;

768:25; 793:14; 825:13;

831:18; 855:20; 862:19;

863:7; 865:10, 14, 25;

881:1; 888:24; 896:1;

939:5

SUBMISSIONS [2] - 728:14;

886:13

submissions [7] - 739:1, 4,

6; 762:11; 815:2; 885:25;

888:7

submit [2] - 734:16; 740:25

SUBMITTED [4] - 727:4, 6;

735:7, 13

submitted [5] - 768:23;

776:7; 804:5, 12; 853:10

subscribed [1] - 1019:13

subsequent [1] - 929:11

substances [2] - 820:10, 12

substantial [4] - 782:5;

784:5, 18; 955:23

substantially [1] - 792:21

substantive [2] - 777:17;

778:3

substrate [1] - 979:8

subtotal [2] - 743:3, 13

subtotals [1] - 743:2

success [2] - 797:16; 801:12

successful [3] - 787:12;

794:9, 16

sucker [13] - 963:16; 964:14;

965:4; 983:24; 986:9, 16;

987:16; 989:18

sucker-heads [1] - 986:16

suckers [3] - 962:21; 969:24;

987:20

sufficient [2] - 730:6; 792:3

sufficiently [4] - 903:17;

904:21; 905:21; 906:5

suggest [4] - 793:20; 915:4;

987:15; 1017:9

suggested [6] - 833:25;

834:10; 848:4; 936:11;

938:1; 1018:5

suggesting [7] - 768:11, 13;

858:14; 869:13; 916:17;

919:17; 924:12

suggests [3] - 857:15;

887:12; 914:2

suitable [6] - 968:23; 980:23;

982:19; 985:24; 990:12;

991:10



34

sulphur [2] - 819:6, 16

summarize [2] - 737:19;

824:2

summarizes [1] - 745:20

Summary [2] - 805:6; 889:9

summary [9] - 743:9, 11;

786:25; 792:11; 818:5;

827:10; 854:6, 15; 864:15

summation [2] - 816:6

summer [8] - 960:7; 967:17;

975:19; 976:5; 977:16, 23;

978:3; 1008:13

summertime [1] - 959:23

Suncor [3] - 769:6; 1002:25;

1012:12

supplant [2] - 746:5, 19

Supplemental [5] - 742:6;

824:25; 859:21; 907:8;

928:17

Supplementary [1] - 902:10

supplier [1] - 867:1

suppliers [4] - 834:19; 835:5,

22; 867:7

supplies [1] - 992:8

supply [2] - 746:15; 862:1

Supply [1] - 742:16

support [13] - 767:25; 777:8,

12; 906:8; 969:1, 8;

984:22; 985:16; 986:4;

989:19; 991:5; 1001:17

supported [5] - 777:5;

831:12; 842:13; 913:19;

914:10

supporting [2] - 824:24;

969:11

supportive [2] - 806:15

suppose [1] - 945:7

supposed [5] - 855:1;

889:12; 902:6; 915:25;

986:14

suppress [1] - 943:11

suppression [1] - 943:6

surface [8] - 752:21; 753:10;

754:21, 25; 756:18;

781:13; 996:23; 1009:22

Surface [1] - 794:24

surficial [1] - 996:23

surprises [4] - 772:1, 3, 5,

10

surrounding [2] - 779:23;

967:14

survey [2] - 737:16; 958:20

surveys [6] - 958:18; 966:10;

999:13; 1014:14; 1015:12;

1017:4

survival [3] - 885:17, 19, 22

survive [1] - 770:1

survives [1] - 770:19

susceptibility [1] - 941:21

suspect [1] - 935:11

sustain [3] - 960:15; 984:20;

1001:15

sustainable [1] - 773:12

Sustainable [3] - 782:18;

859:9; 948:6

sustaining [7] - 767:24;

769:11; 837:8; 907:25;

909:4, 9; 926:9

switch [1] - 931:10

SWORN [2] - 725:3; 730:21

Syncrude [11] - 724:7;

763:19; 764:23; 765:2;

766:16, 22; 767:12;

796:19; 800:10; 804:3;

1002:25

SYNCRUDE [1] - 727:12

Syncrude's [3] - 763:20;

764:1; 769:5

System [1] - 804:20

system [9] - 770:19; 787:4;

882:12; 894:21; 896:19,

22; 898:11; 993:3; 1006:3

systems [7] - 769:5, 11;

770:18; 773:8; 775:13;

890:9; 896:17

SYSTEMS [2] - 727:15;

814:23

T

T9H [1] - 721:25

tab [1] - 888:23

Table [7] - 742:10, 14, 16;

825:1, 20; 910:18; 911:1

table [36] - 742:19; 743:2;

744:7; 745:1; 747:2; 753:1,

6, 9; 755:13, 20; 758:6;

759:18; 794:21; 795:9;

824:21; 825:14; 826:13;

827:10; 828:2, 22; 849:10,

19; 877:10; 910:12, 22;

911:11; 928:7-9, 15;

929:11; 939:3; 993:20, 22

tables [4] - 824:23; 830:18,

25; 858:1

tailed [4] - 934:25; 958:1, 4,

11

tailing [2] - 732:21; 1011:23

Tailings [2] - 756:10; 1002:5

tailings [60] - 732:16, 22;

755:24; 756:4, 14; 759:21,

24; 760:18, 20, 24; 761:5;

762:5; 777:18; 778:4, 9;

779:21; 780:7, 10; 790:8,

16; 791:4; 959:4; 1001:23;

1002:3, 11, 15, 19, 24;

1003:3; 1004:4, 16, 20;

1005:6, 22; 1006:20;

1007:21, 23; 1008:3;

1009:7, 14, 20; 1010:15;

1011:7, 11, 17, 21-22;

1012:9; 1013:5, 24

TAILINGS [2] - 728:16;

1004:24

tails [9] - 958:22; 1003:7;

1011:3, 24; 1012:1-3, 7

talks [13] - 785:22; 790:3;

795:3; 808:17; 908:23;

912:3, 22; 937:21; 993:11,

14; 997:23; 998:14;

1016:16

Tara [1] - 722:16

target [26] - 851:3; 949:13,

22, 24; 950:4, 10, 14;

951:1, 14, 16, 21; 952:2,

20; 953:1; 964:6, 24;

965:4; 968:24; 984:14;

990:22; 991:2

targeted [5] - 916:4; 969:22;

975:19; 984:23; 990:18

targeting [3] - 949:18;

976:24; 982:20

targets [4] - 915:7; 952:16,

18; 976:11

taxation [1] - 791:22

taxonomist [1] - 1015:20

taxpayer [1] - 798:8

team [4] - 765:9; 806:17;

813:3; 880:17

technical [8] - 733:1; 789:24;

799:4; 802:23, 25; 947:15;

957:1; 973:15

Technical [2] - 768:24;

973:16

techniques [2] - 821:8;

970:10

technologies [2] - 833:5;

1002:10

technology [3] - 834:14;

836:4; 1002:24

telemetry [2] - 948:23

TEMF [12] - 914:19; 915:10;

917:18, 24; 918:3, 7, 11,

13; 924:14; 940:7; 942:4, 8

temperature [16] - 959:17,

20; 960:1, 20, 23, 25;

961:4, 8, 11; 962:1, 8, 14,

17, 19; 963:1

temperatures [14] - 959:6,

14, 23; 960:17; 961:13, 19;

962:6, 12; 963:1, 5;

976:23, 25; 977:2, 4

temporal [3] - 923:7; 939:20

temporary [3] - 760:20, 23;

975:15

tend [4] - 747:7; 861:15;

871:23; 958:11

tended [2] - 926:16; 927:3

tends [1] - 884:10

tens [2] - 790:11; 935:11

tenth [1] - 858:25

term [6] - 740:18; 777:3;

837:5; 846:19; 983:16;

984:22

terms [32] - 740:17; 741:10;

746:14; 751:25; 756:11;

762:10; 772:1, 10; 774:22;

789:10; 797:10; 803:14;

807:1; 880:23; 881:7, 9,

11, 17; 895:9; 909:24;

918:8; 919:13, 16; 949:4;

950:13; 983:15, 17; 985:6,

11; 1007:17; 1010:21;

1011:20

terrain [1] - 973:24

terrestrial [26] - 739:20;

755:23; 839:7; 845:19;

859:15; 880:6, 22; 881:12;

882:3; 898:19; 900:14, 20;

901:22; 903:4; 904:10;

910:20; 911:10, 12; 914:4;

918:23; 919:21; 929:18,

23; 941:15; 964:20; 986:22

Terrestrial [5] - 914:14;

915:7; 917:9, 12; 1015:11

test [10] - 835:10, 18; 850:6,

14; 908:5, 12, 16; 909:5;

910:23

tested [7] - 774:5, 19;

972:11; 1014:18; 1015:5, 7

testimony [1] - 878:11

testing [7] - 834:12; 978:6;

988:18; 996:10; 1014:11,

15; 1015:2

text [1] - 996:17

texts [1] - 832:8

THAT [6] - 728:4, 8, 14;

758:17; 841:8; 886:13

thaws [2] - 959:22; 960:6

THE [121] - 721:1, 3, 5-6, 8-9,

11; 725:20, 22, 24; 726:3,

6-7; 727:14, 16, 18, 21;

728:4-6, 8, 10-11, 14, 16;

729:4, 14, 25; 730:7, 11,

17; 731:23; 734:17, 24;

735:3, 25; 736:4; 739:11;

740:2, 4; 758:16-18, 20;

765:4; 766:23; 767:5, 8;

778:16, 19; 803:5, 12;

814:19, 22; 819:25; 841:7;

844:9, 12, 14-15; 859:17;

874:22-24; 876:14, 22;

879:19, 25; 880:3; 886:13;

888:11; 895:13; 921:16;

929:7; 944:8, 12, 16;

945:23; 946:12, 19; 947:2;

953:16; 954:3, 6, 13, 15,

21; 955:2; 973:13, 17;

988:25; 1004:23; 1006:10;



35

1016:6, 8; 1017:21, 24;

1018:9, 12

theirs [1] - 1012:25

themselves [1] - 988:19

theory [2] - 901:4; 942:16

there'd [4] - 743:11; 758:1;

933:17; 990:14

there'll [10] - 761:3; 769:15,

20; 771:10, 13; 774:3;

871:22; 943:4

thereabouts [1] - 933:11

thereafter [1] - 1019:9

thereby [1] - 746:22

therefore [3] - 745:2; 799:21;

820:1

thermal [2] - 959:10; 962:20

THEY [2] - 728:11; 874:25

they've [9] - 812:2; 855:7, 11;

876:6; 916:11; 937:12;

948:14; 962:20; 1014:22

thick [1] - 791:15

thickened [2] - 1002:11, 14

thickeners [1] - 1002:13

thickness [1] - 754:24

thinking [4] - 730:2; 741:16,

20; 846:7

thinks [1] - 812:21

third [7] - 733:7; 742:19;

792:18; 799:1; 824:15;

826:9; 1002:23

Thomas [1] - 723:23

Thonney [1] - 722:20

THOSE [2] - 728:14; 886:13

thousand [1] - 935:18

thousands [1] - 935:23

threatened [1] - 926:9

THREE [1] - 727:11

three [14] - 766:20; 767:10;

775:18; 792:25; 793:8;

817:17; 878:2; 888:2;

913:10; 937:23, 25;

948:20; 997:16; 1002:9

threshold [11] - 850:25;

851:24; 852:9; 882:1;

913:12, 17; 916:18, 21;

917:5; 919:17; 961:5

threshold" [1] - 851:15

thresholds [10] - 910:10;

914:3; 915:15, 17, 19;

916:19, 21; 918:18; 920:9;

961:16

throat [1] - 912:19

throated [2] - 932:10, 17

throughout [11] - 758:4;

778:6; 793:23; 839:24;

860:15; 959:22; 960:6;

971:18; 978:3; 1012:6;

1014:24

thrown [1] - 942:22

Thursday [2] - 872:19; 946:3

tied [1] - 821:2

TIER [7] - 823:9; 827:18, 24;

829:23, 25

tier [1] - 823:11

TIER-I [2] - 823:9; 827:18

TIER-II [2] - 823:9; 827:18

TIER-IV [3] - 827:24; 829:23,

25

tiers [1] - 823:25

Timberlea [1] - 819:11

timeframe [5] - 775:23;

848:8; 939:20; 1003:17;

1004:8

timelines [1] - 929:18

timely [1] - 788:7

timing [4] - 748:10; 749:11;

751:20; 977:25

TIMING [2] - 726:4; 944:15

tiny [1] - 826:15

tipping [1] - 855:15

tissue [1] - 774:6

title [1] - 748:8

TO [41] - 721:1, 18; 725:18,

24; 726:1, 4-5, 9, 11;

727:4, 7, 9-10, 17-18;

728:3, 7, 9, 13-15; 732:1;

735:8, 14, 18, 20; 758:16;

841:7; 844:12; 874:22;

877:3; 886:11, 13; 944:15;

953:19; 1004:22; 1018:13

to.. [1] - 905:22

toad [1] - 1014:25

toads [2] - 1014:21; 1015:1

today [14] - 739:22; 741:6;

751:24; 769:13, 17; 797:6;

799:17, 22; 856:11;

869:17; 886:4; 898:7;

1013:16

TOGETHER [2] - 725:21;

736:5

together [10] - 723:20;

744:23; 756:11; 824:13;

856:7; 937:19; 948:4;

973:9; 985:2; 1007:9

toilets [2] - 992:16, 21

tolerable [1] - 962:22

tolerance [1] - 970:2

tolerant [1] - 984:1

Tom [1] - 831:19

tomorrow [3] - 944:21;

1017:24; 1018:7

tonnes [11] - 825:23; 826:9,

12, 20, 24; 827:1, 5, 9, 12;

828:19; 950:21

took [4] - 823:25; 838:24;

918:13; 950:16

top [7] - 737:11; 754:8;

829:19; 831:21; 850:9;

893:15; 1007:22

topic [3] - 834:7; 909:11;

920:20

topography [3] - 781:10, 21;

990:2

Tore [1] - 724:3

Total [8] - 790:10; 899:16,

19; 900:3; 917:25; 918:2,

14, 21

total [7] - 743:8, 16, 18;

752:21; 828:11; 840:19;

1012:13

TOTAL [1] - 724:8

totally [1] - 941:5

tough [1] - 858:16

Tough [1] - 722:17

toward [2] - 781:13; 945:18

towards [15] - 794:9; 796:15;

855:6; 927:14; 945:21;

950:13; 953:6; 980:16;

993:13; 1003:2; 1006:25;

1007:4; 1012:18; 1013:1

town [3] - 866:23; 871:1;

1014:9

toxicity [3] - 801:24; 802:11,

20

trace [4] - 814:1, 13; 826:4, 6

traced [1] - 766:10

track [3] - 786:6, 10; 794:9

tracked [1] - 800:25

tracking [1] - 796:15

trade [1] - 739:13

traditional [5] - 830:8;

969:10, 19; 970:13; 986:12

traditionally [1] - 898:25

traffic [11] - 866:7; 867:9, 23;

868:7, 9, 15; 869:6, 18;

870:25; 871:9; 874:4

trafficable [1] - 1002:21

train [1] - 873:21

trajectories [1] - 883:18

trajectory [2] - 884:4; 940:3

tranche [2] - 798:25; 799:1

transcribed [1] - 1019:9

transcript [2] - 879:10;

1019:10

transcripts [2] - 732:7; 734:9

transparent [2] - 740:17;

951:11

transport [10] - 866:8, 10,

13; 867:11, 25; 869:2, 8,

14, 25; 870:19

transportation [1] - 869:20

trapped [1] - 756:1

travel [1] - 1008:5

travelling [4] - 824:9, 11;

935:15; 967:15

treat [3] - 753:19; 815:20;

992:25

treatment [12] - 732:21;

768:14; 773:8; 789:12;

792:1; 793:10; 800:14,

20-21; 992:11; 1014:2

trees [2] - 931:14; 943:23

trench [2] - 790:9; 792:8

trend [7] - 746:16; 815:9;

861:23; 884:16; 893:1;

909:15; 926:16

trends [9] - 816:8, 10; 860:4;

887:20; 890:2; 894:1;

925:14; 926:5, 13

Trevis [1] - 722:20

trial [1] - 835:3

trials [2] - 834:22; 836:5

tributaries [1] - 981:14

trickles [2] - 999:22

trickling [2] - 999:21; 1000:1

trickling-in [1] - 999:21

tried [3] - 829:12; 918:2;

1010:18

trigger [1] - 796:22

trip [1] - 870:22

trips [1] - 870:14

trophic [3] - 769:9; 771:2;

772:7

trouble [1] - 747:23

truck [4] - 822:18; 834:24;

835:23; 869:9

trucks [14] - 823:10, 25;

827:18, 23; 829:23, 25;

830:2; 834:23; 866:9, 14;

867:11; 868:12; 869:3

true [8] - 745:14; 746:9;

759:19; 780:25; 781:1, 16,

20; 1019:9

truly [1] - 747:15

try [14] - 770:8; 774:1;

811:22; 858:17, 23;

883:21; 884:1; 945:23;

955:7; 968:14; 973:9;

1000:22; 1016:12

trying [17] - 730:12; 751:17;

786:23; 840:7; 850:21;

855:3; 914:9; 930:11;

939:13; 955:18, 24; 956:3;

974:24; 976:2; 986:11;

992:5; 1011:4

Tuesday [2] - 836:1; 884:20

turn [17] - 745:18; 773:19;

777:13; 794:1; 801:8;

818:17; 829:15; 842:12;

859:18; 888:5; 890:7;

891:6; 902:9, 12; 924:20

turning [3] - 733:13; 829:22;

890:6

turnover [1] - 829:21

two [38] - 734:21; 743:3, 9,

11, 21; 744:3; 752:19;

753:16; 775:18; 779:18;

780:13; 788:23; 790:5;

791:8, 13; 792:8; 793:4;

808:13; 822:13; 842:1;



36

850:22; 864:19, 23; 878:1,

13; 880:6; 890:8; 894:8;

928:25; 939:14; 952:5;

953:22; 964:14; 968:2;

998:15; 1010:8; 1014:17

twofold [1] - 968:12

type [11] - 750:8; 770:19;

787:8; 820:10; 894:3;

959:15; 972:8; 973:24;

980:12

types [10] - 750:6; 773:15;

779:18; 780:15; 797:8;

823:10; 864:2; 868:15;

1002:10

typically [18] - 744:22; 824:4;

871:14; 872:25; 881:5;

912:11; 923:15; 943:8;

962:19, 24; 963:6; 964:6,

19; 971:2; 975:18; 976:1,

17

U

U.S [7] - 742:20, 23; 743:3;

746:9, 12

ubiquitous [1] - 1014:24

ultimate [1] - 801:4

ultimately [1] - 768:14

unacceptable [1] - 962:13

unaccounted [1] - 744:19

uncertainty [13] - 770:22;

782:4; 783:23; 784:4, 17;

785:15; 786:12; 787:2, 4,

7, 13; 789:8; 983:17

unchanged [1] - 889:25

uncontroversial [1] - 843:17

under [28] - 736:15; 763:21;

776:21; 795:2; 801:16;

803:1; 817:15; 818:4;

852:17; 857:23; 887:6;

891:12; 894:4; 901:17;

905:25; 910:19; 911:23;

913:8, 21; 916:18; 926:7;

929:14; 933:16; 948:4;

962:6; 976:18, 22; 997:1

undergoing [1] - 836:18

underground [2] - 998:23;

1000:11

underneath [4] - 781:3;

974:25; 1005:13, 21

underside [1] - 964:22

understood [1] - 851:21

undertake [8] - 756:24;

757:2; 799:22; 858:2;

873:3; 885:23; 900:20;

1004:10

undertaken [4] - 732:8, 12;

763:14; 786:9

UNDERTAKING [18] - 727:3,

7, 9; 728:3, 7, 9, 13, 15;

735:7, 9, 14, 18; 758:16;

841:7; 874:22; 886:11;

1004:22

undertaking [14] - 732:14,

18, 24; 733:7, 14, 23;

756:20; 758:12; 841:3;

874:16, 18; 877:15; 886:4;

1004:18

UNDERTAKINGS [5] -

725:18; 726:1; 728:1;

732:1; 877:3

undertakings [5] - 732:6;

734:21; 757:16; 876:25;

879:23

undertook [3] - 732:11;

808:5; 947:23

unfortunately [4] - 831:20;

890:9; 921:25; 1017:7

Unique [1] - 801:9

unique [1] - 802:16

unit [3] - 732:16, 21; 930:3

United [1] - 821:20

unless [2] - 887:20; 906:19

unreclaimed [1] - 930:3

unusual [1] - 900:4

UofA [1] - 949:3

up [74] - 744:3, 17; 747:17;

748:17; 750:16; 753:2;

754:8, 10; 757:16; 761:23;

768:22; 769:1; 775:25;

791:9; 804:13; 807:11;

817:8, 10; 823:8; 826:4;

827:18; 828:12, 21, 24;

835:7; 836:15; 839:21;

840:23; 842:22; 843:16;

857:20; 859:14; 871:11;

881:16; 882:19; 885:2, 10,

13; 894:24; 895:10; 897:9,

19; 914:19, 24; 917:15;

919:18; 932:2; 942:23;

944:6; 957:4, 7-8; 958:14;

960:4; 964:13; 967:20;

969:6; 982:2, 4, 6, 10, 13;

994:20; 997:11; 1003:12,

20, 24; 1004:8, 13; 1009:2,

9

up-time [1] - 835:7

UPDATE [2] - 727:10; 735:21

Update [8] - 747:22; 748:2,

10; 753:8; 760:16; 954:10,

13

update [3] - 758:5; 799:9;

885:20

Updated [3] - 862:20, 22;

864:6

updated [2] - 885:19, 23

UPDATED [4] - 727:24;

728:13; 886:12; 954:24

updates [2] - 949:8, 10

updating [1] - 885:22

uplands [6] - 842:23; 843:2;

936:7; 941:14; 998:2

upper [12] - 853:14; 958:14;

962:20; 964:11; 969:20;

970:8; 971:12; 978:20;

979:2, 14; 984:12; 985:9

upstream [12] - 855:24;

965:7, 17; 972:21; 974:15;

982:12, 14, 16; 983:23;

990:7; 1006:19

upwards [2] - 756:2; 977:1

Urban [1] - 876:8

US [1] - 823:11

usage [1] - 992:18

useful [4] - 753:2; 812:17;

813:12; 918:20

user [1] - 986:13

users [1] - 833:4

uses [1] - 851:2

utilizing [1] - 869:21

V

valleys [1] - 998:8

valuable [1] - 807:1

value [1] - 807:13

Valued [1] - 904:23

values [2] - 851:3; 894:23

van [1] - 722:17

Vancouver [1] - 863:10

VANDENBERG [13] - 725:9;

731:5; 762:21; 766:4;

768:22; 773:5; 775:1;

777:20; 779:13; 783:10;

794:2; 959:9; 989:3

Vandenberg [11] - 762:19;

763:6; 774:2; 776:5; 777:4,

7; 779:11; 785:7, 18;

787:18; 793:22

Vandenberg's [1] - 788:22

Variability [1] - 917:21

Variation [3] - 892:7; 914:17;

915:6

varies [1] - 925:18

variety [2] - 883:14; 916:21

VARIOUS [4] - 727:17;

728:4; 758:17; 844:13

various [8] - 756:22; 757:21;

793:8; 795:18; 816:2;

819:3; 843:25; 902:4

vary [1] - 1001:13

vast [4] - 747:11, 13; 976:7

VECs [1] - 906:6

VECs' [1] - 903:19

vegetation [3] - 964:20;

1010:6

vehicle [1] - 822:18

vehicles [9] - 821:22; 823:9;

866:8; 867:24; 868:1, 12;

869:1, 15; 871:2

vendor [1] - 867:1

vendors [1] - 834:23

ventricular [1] - 1007:22

VERSION [2] - 727:24;

954:24

version [3] - 737:24; 738:5;

776:23

versus [1] - 809:20

viability [4] - 791:21; 885:12,

24; 887:7

VIABILITY [2] - 728:13;

886:12

viable [2] - 791:25; 793:14

vicinity [5] - 822:19; 883:23,

25; 983:21; 993:25

view [1] - 785:3

Village [1] - 871:1

visible [1] - 1000:4

visit [1] - 876:16

visual [1] - 729:7

visually [1] - 983:7

Volume [6] - 745:21, 23;

877:9; 886:22; 910:11;

959:11

volume [9] - 754:24; 755:4;

757:7, 19-20, 24; 759:2;

815:21; 1011:2

VOLUME [5] - 721:17; 728:4,

6; 758:16, 20

volumes [1] - 756:21

voluntary [1] - 953:9

Voyager [1] - 1012:13

W

wait [3] - 805:19; 920:17;

975:5

waiting [4] - 931:17; 933:1;

1008:24

wall [1] - 1001:4

walleye [11] - 965:2; 978:25;

979:17; 983:5; 984:9, 13;

986:18; 989:14, 21;

1001:20

Wang [1] - 722:16

wants [1] - 998:21

warbler [3] - 899:8; 932:10,

17

warehouses [1] - 867:8

warmed [1] - 804:13

warrants [1] - 775:2

WARREN [1] - 727:12

Warren [3] - 764:22; 766:21;

767:11

wash [1] - 993:2

Water [7] - 794:24; 804:16;

831:23; 843:20; 852:17,



37

19; 856:8

water [113] - 756:1, 14;

757:20; 758:23; 759:4;

760:3, 12-14; 762:15, 21;

763:9; 768:7, 11, 14;

771:4, 23, 25; 773:9, 15;

774:5; 779:21; 788:25;

789:3, 11, 16; 792:1-3;

793:9, 16; 800:14, 20;

801:22, 25; 802:7; 809:1;

833:8; 837:15; 845:10;

848:14, 19; 850:13, 22-23,

25; 851:1, 3, 11; 855:6;

856:22; 857:16; 942:18;

943:9; 959:6, 23; 960:7;

961:1, 19; 962:1; 974:14;

975:13; 976:7, 25; 977:2,

4; 979:7; 980:3, 12;

988:18; 989:5; 990:15;

992:1, 6, 8-11, 18, 25;

994:16, 23; 995:13, 17-18;

999:24; 1000:12, 24;

1001:6; 1002:13, 20;

1003:3; 1005:25; 1006:3;

1008:12; 1009:7; 1011:9,

21, 25; 1012:4, 11, 14, 18;

1013:8, 19; 1014:2

waterbodies [2] - 969:11;

989:8

waterflow [1] - 842:10

waterflows [1] - 1000:20

Waters [1] - 755:14

waters [3] - 801:23; 842:16;

960:17

Watershed [1] - 846:2

watershed [27] - 780:5;

795:5; 813:23; 838:1;

839:4, 11; 840:11, 14, 19,

24; 841:4; 842:7, 15, 21;

845:22; 847:24; 848:6;

855:9, 11; 877:6, 11;

969:7; 971:11; 978:20;

982:8; 990:14

WATERSHED [2] - 728:8;

841:8

watersheds [1] - 779:22

Wayne [3] - 830:10; 908:8;

941:25

WAYNE [2] - 725:14; 731:16

ways [1] - 939:23

WBEA [3] - 816:15; 834:1, 7

webs [1] - 837:10

week [6] - 873:24; 878:1, 7;

946:10; 976:16

WEEKLY [2] - 728:10;

874:23

weekly [2] - 874:19; 877:18

weeks [2] - 799:17; 998:22

weight [1] - 755:25

well-established [1] - 991:11

wells [3] - 995:12; 1006:3

west [7] - 740:21; 741:21;

747:8; 759:14; 981:5;

994:5; 1009:13

west-central [1] - 759:14

western [4] - 741:3; 970:9;

999:13

Westman [2] - 724:9; 945:1

westward [1] - 993:13

wet [1] - 1010:6

wetlands [4] - 839:8; 842:24;

929:19; 941:7

whatnot [4] - 956:2; 1000:20,

25

WHEC [1] - 948:3

whereas [3] - 769:23;

801:24; 885:18

WHEREOF [1] - 1019:13

whichever [1] - 766:25

white [7] - 934:25; 958:1, 4,

11, 22; 964:15; 983:24

white-tailed [4] - 934:25;

958:1, 4, 11

whitefish [2] - 965:7; 989:17

whitetail [3] - 934:20;

957:20; 958:5

whole [11] - 765:23; 840:11;

852:7; 865:6; 870:24;

917:13; 955:19; 968:4;

980:25; 981:3; 995:1

wide [7] - 838:21; 863:9;

867:12, 16; 899:12; 972:1,

4

wide-ranging [1] - 899:12

wider [4] - 883:25; 909:17;

962:22

wildlife [26] - 729:17; 893:9;

894:19; 896:13, 15;

907:12, 21; 912:13;

914:15; 915:16; 922:12,

16; 925:9, 14; 926:5;

932:15; 944:4; 947:4, 7,

16, 19, 23; 948:22; 956:13,

17

WILDLIFE [3] - 727:10, 22;

735:21

Wildlife [6] - 921:3, 20;

948:3; 957:24; 958:9;

966:19

wildlife-monitoring [1] -

948:22

WILL [4] - 728:6, 12; 758:21;

874:25

will-say [1] - 953:25

Willow [1] - 983:3

wind [3] - 1008:22; 1009:23

window [1] - 971:15

winter [4] - 857:22, 24;

973:23; 999:7

winters [1] - 997:17

wintertime [3] - 857:19;

975:1; 1008:13

wise [1] - 750:2

WITH [4] - 725:21; 727:17;

736:5; 844:13

withdraw [1] - 992:6

withdrawal [3] - 856:18, 23;

859:1

withdrawals [1] - 1012:18

WITNESS [3] - 725:3;

730:20; 1019:13

witness [3] - 859:19; 929:4;

945:14

witnesses [2] - 729:20;

734:8

WITNESSES [2] - 725:3;

730:20

WMDRC [1] - 807:23

wolf [5] - 935:16; 936:4;

937:5; 948:23

wolves [8] - 935:3, 5, 7,

22-23; 936:8, 13

wonder [4] - 738:4; 795:20;

994:11; 1016:10

wondered [1] - 729:11

wonderful [1] - 1003:9

wondering [17] - 752:12;

758:6; 765:12; 814:16;

837:1; 858:1; 895:25;

902:18; 910:21; 957:21;

968:6; 983:8; 999:1;

1001:14; 1005:8; 1006:23;

1010:13

Wood [6] - 724:3; 753:25;

863:6; 876:1; 880:13;

917:14

woodland [4] - 887:1, 13, 21;

932:8

woody [1] - 1004:3

word [2] - 744:5; 805:18

words [8] - 743:25; 771:3;

785:1; 806:3; 812:1;

854:22; 960:3; 961:8

workers [11] - 869:20; 870:1,

3; 871:12, 19; 872:1, 23;

873:22; 875:6; 1008:11

workforce [2] - 870:8;

872:12

works [3] - 764:22; 956:7;

1011:16

world [3] - 746:11; 797:14,

16

worldwide [2] - 786:5, 19

worried [1] - 854:23

wrap [2] - 859:14; 974:10

written [4] - 732:25; 733:3;

734:21; 784:23

wrote [3] - 768:24; 778:10;

787:3



38

Y

Year [1] - 836:16

year [26] - 743:15; 804:11;

805:12; 823:16, 23;

827:22; 829:7, 9; 832:17;

856:17; 857:2, 5; 875:23;

876:4; 915:24; 929:19;

950:21; 963:3; 971:19;

972:18; 976:19; 1008:19,

23; 1009:8

year-to-year [1] - 829:7

years [41] - 749:6; 761:19;

766:1; 774:23; 775:24;

789:18; 793:17; 815:9;

816:4; 819:1, 3; 860:13,

22; 927:18, 20; 930:20;

931:2, 18, 21-22; 933:2;

937:23, 25; 940:1; 956:23;

968:9; 970:25; 971:1, 22;

994:10, 24; 999:16;

1003:9; 1004:9; 1012:23

years.. [1] - 887:25

yesterday [10] - 732:4, 24;

733:8, 23; 734:9; 736:8;

737:20; 804:25; 921:2, 10

Yetimgeta [1] - 722:15

York [1] - 783:14

young [2] - 934:2; 971:17

your's [1] - 755:9

yourself [1] - 937:1

yourselves [1] - 1010:19

Z

Zalik [1] - 724:11

zones [1] - 890:25

ZUBOT [1] - 727:12

Zubot [4] - 764:17; 766:21;

767:1, 11

Zubot's [1] - 765:13

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