INTEGRATING SOURCE MATERIALAnd in-text citations

Use Quotations Sparingly• Paraphrase• Isolate significant words or phrases• Use block quote only if essential

Primary Sources• For stories or novels: page number (23)• Plays: act. Scene. line (I.ii.54)• Poems: line (5)• No need to keep repeating author’s name; just be clear.

• Cite full edition information in works cited.

Secondary Sources• Name page number only (Author 99).• Incorporate grammatically into your own sentence as

much as possible

Parenthetical Citations 1: What• If discussing more than one work by one author,

distinguish with abbreviated title (“Flea” 15) (“Autumn” 12)• For prose, use page of text you are using – cite author’s

name once at the beginning but unless you cite something other than your main work there is no need to keep repeating it.

• Cite critical work as usual (Author 9). Once you have named an author, subsequent references in the same paragraph may be page only.

Parenthetical Citations 2: Where• The parentheses go after the quote but before the

period except in the case of indented quotes when it goes at the end.

• Note: when quoting poetry indicate a line break with space slash space (see below). Show a stanza break with a double slash.

• Milton echoes Marlowe when he writes that a mind “in itself / Can make a Heaven of Hell, a Hell of Heav’n” (234-5).

• Elizabeth Barrett Browning suggests that women “are paid / The worth of our work, perhaps” (464).

Punctuation• Integrate quotes grammatically• Shelley held a bold view: “Poets are the unacknowledged

legislators of the World” (794).• Shelley thought poets “the unacknowledged legislators of

the World” (794).• “Poets,” according to Shelley, “are the unacknowledged

legislators of the World” (794).

More Punctuation• Reproduce internal punctuation (and capitalization)

exactly as written except for a closing period (which goes after the parentheses). Retain closing exclamation and question marks.

• Dorothea Brook responds: “What a wonderful little almanac you are, Celia!” (7).

Block Quotes• Avoid unless ABSOLUTELY necessary.• Use for more than about 2 printed lines of quote.• Set off by one inch indent.• Double Space• DO not use quotation marks!• In this instance ONLY, the citation comes AFTER the final

period.