in situ measurements of contact angle and implications fro pore-scale displacement presenter: ahmed...

In situ Measurements of Contact Angle and implications fro pore-scale displacement

Presenter: Ahmed Ahed Al-Ratrout

Supervisors:

Prof. Martin J. BluntDr. Branko Bijeljic

Outline

Introduction

Background and Literature review

Objectives

Work Flow

Contact line and surface extraction

Smoothing the extracted surfaces

Research Milestones

Research Gant chart

Slide 2

Outline

Introduction


Objectives

Work Flow



Research Milestones

Research Gant chart

Slide 3

Introduction

Slide 4

Water-wet Oil-wet

How to measure wettability?How to map wettability?

Measure θ at each invaded pore at every voxel point on

contact line?

Contact line

Outline

Introduction


Objectives

Work Flow



Research Milestones

Research Gant chart

Slide 5

66

Brown & Fatt Amot Donaldson (USBM)

Morrow

Neumann / Good

(1956)

(1959)

(1969, 1980 & 1981) (1975)

(1979)

Adamson

(1982)

Most of these approaches were applied on singular mineral flat surfaces, or had big uncertainties!


In the past 3 decades, different definitions of wettability and contact angle measurements have been proposed and applied in the literature:

Slide 6

Outline

Introduction


Objectives

Work Flow



Research Milestones

Research Gant chart

Slide 7

Objectives

• Develop a method to measure contact angle (θ) in Oil/Brine system.

• As more accuracy, this computational process outputs a list of θ values (range), that corresponds to each invaded pore-elements (pores and throats).

• The list of computed angles at each invaded pore-element, rather than single value for the whole 3D-image, are implemented as an input to perform pore-network 2-phase flow simulation.

8

Outline

Introduction


Objectives

Work Flow



Research Milestones

Research Gant chart

Slide 9

Workflow

Slide 10

Water

Oi l

WaterOil

Interface

Contact line-In

terface

θContact line -Solid

n|w

-nw

Contact Line

θ

Rock

Rock

Outline

Introduction


Objectives

Work Flow



Research Milestones

Research Gant chart

Slide 11


Slide 12

In order to estimate nw and n|w, we need to extracting from the segmented image the following:

• Contact lines• Oil/brine interface• Solid surface

A). The binary volume and its zero-isoline. B) zer-isosurface of binary volume (Lempitsky, 2010).

Aliasing issue!

Outline

Introduction


Objectives

Work Flow



Research Milestones

Research Gant chart

Slide 13


Slide 14

This aliasing problem distracts tracing the required two vectors along the solid wall of the rock and the oil-brine interface, which, may lead to incorrect angle measurements (Andrew et al., 2014).

In this study, these methods are optimized in details to analyze the impact of extracting smooth surfaces on the

roughness of rock surfaces and oil-brine interfaces

• Gaussian pre-filtering

• Minimal area seperating surfaces

(Gibson, 1998)

• Higher order smoothing method

(Lempitsky, 2010)

Outline

Introduction


Objectives

Work Flow



Research Milestones

Research Gant chart

Slide 15

Research Millestones

Literature review

Data GatheringData review and classification

Phase ICode development using C++

Sensitivity analysis

Phase IIApply results in 2-phase simulation

Results ValidationFinal Report

Slide 16

Research Gant chart

Slide 17

References

• Adamson, A.W.., 1982. Physical Chemistry of Surfaces. fourth edition, pp.332-68.• Amott, E., 1959. Observations Relating to the Wettability of Porous Rock. Trans., 216, pp.156-62.• Anderson, W.G.(.I.)., 1986. Wettability Literature Survery - Part 1: Roc/Oil/Brine Interactions and the

Effects of Core Handling on Wettability. Jornal of Petroleum Technology, 38(10), pp.1125 - 1144. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/13932-PA.

• Anderson, W.G.(.I.)., 1986. Wettability Literature Survey - Part 2: Wettability Measurement. Journal of Petroleum Technologies, 38(11), pp.1246-62. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/13933-PA.

• Andrew, M., Bijeljic, B. & Blunt, M.J., 2014. Pore-scale contact angle measurements at reservoir conditions using X-Ray microtomography. Advances in Water Resources, 68(2014), pp.24-31.

• Brown, R.J.S. & Fatt, I., 1956. Measurements of Fractional Wettability of Oil Field Rocks by Nuclear Magnetic Relaxation Method. JPT, 11, p.262.

• Donaldson, E.C. & al., e., 1980. Equipment and Procedures for Fluid Flow and Wettability Tests of Geological Materials. Bartlesville Energy Technology Center. report DOE/BETC/IC 79/5, U.S. DOE.

• Donaldson, E.C., Thomas, R.D. & Lorenz, P.B., 1969. Wettabili- ty Determination and Its Effect on Recovery Efficiency. SPE, pp.13-20.

• Fatt, I., 1956. The network model of porous media. Petroleum Transactions, 207, pp.144-81.• Good, R.I., 1979. Contact Angles and the Surface Free Energy of Solids. Surface and Colloid Science, 11,

pp.1-29.• Morrow, N.R.., 1975. Effects of surface-roughness on contact angle with special reference to petroleum

recovery. J. Can. Pet. Technol., 14(4), pp.42-53.• Neumann, A.W.a.G.R.J., 1979. Techniques of Measuring Contact Angles. Surface and Colloid Science,

11, pp.31-91.• Pak, T. et al., 2013. Pore-Scale Visualisation of Two-Phase Fluid Displacement Processes in a Carbonate

Rock using X-ray micro-Tomography Technique. In RCSC. Abu Dhabi, 2013. SPE.• Valvatne, P.H. & Blunt, M.J., 2004. Predictive pore-scale modeling of two-phase flow in mixed wet media.

Water Resources Research, 40(2004), pp.1-21.

Acknowledgements / Thank You / Questions

Acknowledgement to ADNOC and ADCO management for the sponsorship of this PhD program.

Acknowledgment to the supervisors Prof. Martin and Dr. Branko

Acknowledgment to Dr. Ali Raeini, Dr. Kamaljit Singh and Matthew Andrew for the valuable advices and guidances

Your attendance and valuable questions

Slide 19

in situ measurements of contact angle and implications fro pore-scale displacement presenter: ahmed...

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