In situ Measurements of Contact Angle and implications fro pore-scale displacement
Presenter: Ahmed Ahed Al-Ratrout
Supervisors:
Prof. Martin J. BluntDr. Branko Bijeljic
Outline
Introduction
Background and Literature review
Objectives
Work Flow
Contact line and surface extraction
Smoothing the extracted surfaces
Research Milestones
Research Gant chart
Slide 2
Outline
Introduction
Background and Literature review
Objectives
Work Flow
Contact line and surface extraction
Smoothing the extracted surfaces
Research Milestones
Research Gant chart
Slide 3
Introduction
Slide 4
Water-wet Oil-wet
How to measure wettability?How to map wettability?
Measure θ at each invaded pore at every voxel point on
contact line?
Contact line
Outline
Introduction
Background and Literature review
Objectives
Work Flow
Contact line and surface extraction
Smoothing the extracted surfaces
Research Milestones
Research Gant chart
Slide 5
66
Brown & Fatt Amot Donaldson (USBM)
Morrow
Neumann / Good
(1956)
(1959)
(1969, 1980 & 1981) (1975)
(1979)
Adamson
(1982)
Most of these approaches were applied on singular mineral flat surfaces, or had big uncertainties!
Background and Literature review
In the past 3 decades, different definitions of wettability and contact angle measurements have been proposed and applied in the literature:
Slide 6
Outline
Introduction
Background and Literature review
Objectives
Work Flow
Contact line and surface extraction
Smoothing the extracted surfaces
Research Milestones
Research Gant chart
Slide 7
Objectives
• Develop a method to measure contact angle (θ) in Oil/Brine system.
• As more accuracy, this computational process outputs a list of θ values (range), that corresponds to each invaded pore-elements (pores and throats).
• The list of computed angles at each invaded pore-element, rather than single value for the whole 3D-image, are implemented as an input to perform pore-network 2-phase flow simulation.
8
Outline
Introduction
Background and Literature review
Objectives
Work Flow
Contact line and surface extraction
Smoothing the extracted surfaces
Research Milestones
Research Gant chart
Slide 9
Workflow
Slide 10
Water
Oi l
WaterOil
Interface
Contact line-In
terface
θContact line -Solid
n|w
-nw
Contact Line
θ
Rock
Rock
Outline
Introduction
Background and Literature review
Objectives
Work Flow
Contact line and surface extraction
Smoothing the extracted surfaces
Research Milestones
Research Gant chart
Slide 11
Contact line and surface extraction
Slide 12
In order to estimate nw and n|w, we need to extracting from the segmented image the following:
• Contact lines• Oil/brine interface• Solid surface
A). The binary volume and its zero-isoline. B) zer-isosurface of binary volume (Lempitsky, 2010).
Aliasing issue!
Outline
Introduction
Background and Literature review
Objectives
Work Flow
Contact line and surface extraction
Smoothing the extracted surfaces
Research Milestones
Research Gant chart
Slide 13
Smoothing the extracted surfaces
Slide 14
This aliasing problem distracts tracing the required two vectors along the solid wall of the rock and the oil-brine interface, which, may lead to incorrect angle measurements (Andrew et al., 2014).
In this study, these methods are optimized in details to analyze the impact of extracting smooth surfaces on the
roughness of rock surfaces and oil-brine interfaces
• Gaussian pre-filtering
• Minimal area seperating surfaces
(Gibson, 1998)
• Higher order smoothing method
(Lempitsky, 2010)
Outline
Introduction
Background and Literature review
Objectives
Work Flow
Contact line and surface extraction
Smoothing the extracted surfaces
Research Milestones
Research Gant chart
Slide 15
Research Millestones
Literature review
Data GatheringData review and classification
Phase ICode development using C++
Sensitivity analysis
Phase IIApply results in 2-phase simulation
Results ValidationFinal Report
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Research Gant chart
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References
• Adamson, A.W.., 1982. Physical Chemistry of Surfaces. fourth edition, pp.332-68.• Amott, E., 1959. Observations Relating to the Wettability of Porous Rock. Trans., 216, pp.156-62.• Anderson, W.G.(.I.)., 1986. Wettability Literature Survery - Part 1: Roc/Oil/Brine Interactions and the
Effects of Core Handling on Wettability. Jornal of Petroleum Technology, 38(10), pp.1125 - 1144. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/13932-PA.
• Anderson, W.G.(.I.)., 1986. Wettability Literature Survey - Part 2: Wettability Measurement. Journal of Petroleum Technologies, 38(11), pp.1246-62. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/13933-PA.
• Andrew, M., Bijeljic, B. & Blunt, M.J., 2014. Pore-scale contact angle measurements at reservoir conditions using X-Ray microtomography. Advances in Water Resources, 68(2014), pp.24-31.
• Brown, R.J.S. & Fatt, I., 1956. Measurements of Fractional Wettability of Oil Field Rocks by Nuclear Magnetic Relaxation Method. JPT, 11, p.262.
• Donaldson, E.C. & al., e., 1980. Equipment and Procedures for Fluid Flow and Wettability Tests of Geological Materials. Bartlesville Energy Technology Center. report DOE/BETC/IC 79/5, U.S. DOE.
• Donaldson, E.C., Thomas, R.D. & Lorenz, P.B., 1969. Wettabili- ty Determination and Its Effect on Recovery Efficiency. SPE, pp.13-20.
• Fatt, I., 1956. The network model of porous media. Petroleum Transactions, 207, pp.144-81.• Good, R.I., 1979. Contact Angles and the Surface Free Energy of Solids. Surface and Colloid Science, 11,
pp.1-29.• Morrow, N.R.., 1975. Effects of surface-roughness on contact angle with special reference to petroleum
recovery. J. Can. Pet. Technol., 14(4), pp.42-53.• Neumann, A.W.a.G.R.J., 1979. Techniques of Measuring Contact Angles. Surface and Colloid Science,
11, pp.31-91.• Pak, T. et al., 2013. Pore-Scale Visualisation of Two-Phase Fluid Displacement Processes in a Carbonate
Rock using X-ray micro-Tomography Technique. In RCSC. Abu Dhabi, 2013. SPE.• Valvatne, P.H. & Blunt, M.J., 2004. Predictive pore-scale modeling of two-phase flow in mixed wet media.
Water Resources Research, 40(2004), pp.1-21.
Acknowledgements / Thank You / Questions
Acknowledgement to ADNOC and ADCO management for the sponsorship of this PhD program.
Acknowledgment to the supervisors Prof. Martin and Dr. Branko
Acknowledgment to Dr. Ali Raeini, Dr. Kamaljit Singh and Matthew Andrew for the valuable advices and guidances
Your attendance and valuable questions
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