improving efficiency in a water distribution system
DESCRIPTION
Improving efficiency isn't just a matter of picking a pump with a high hydraulic efficiency number and plugging in a VFD. Much more goes into real efficiency in all its forms.TRANSCRIPT
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IMPROVING EFFICIENCYIN YOUR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
Brian GongolDJ Gongol & Associates, Inc.
October 9, 2014
Iowa AWWA Annual Conference
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Efficiency: Who really cares?
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Of course we SHOULD care
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Resources are finite
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Water systems are big users of energy
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Rate dollars are after-tax dollars
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Money saved is a leveraged bonus
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Substitution effect
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We can say it's all for the environment
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But it's really about public health
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Money wasted displaces other public goods
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The problem is, we really DON'T care
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Revealed preferences
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What's your household public works budget?
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Why we don't really care
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Low electrical rates
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Cheap borrowing
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Low regard for worker time
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Public disregard for the state of public works
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The day of reckoning cometh
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Why we will be forced to care
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Rising energy costs
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Carbon emission regs and electricity costs
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European electricity costs vs. our costs
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Anticipated shortages of fresh water
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Rising treatment costs pressuring budgets
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Declining or flat populations
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Aging infrastructure
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Higher future interest rates
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Shrinking water workforce
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Compounding costs of deferred maintenance
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Costs of catastrophic failure
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Not everything that counts can be measured
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But counting is a good place to start
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What we might measure to gauge efficiency
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Energy consumption
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Losses (especially unmetered losses)
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Labor costs (including opportunity costs)
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Total cost of ownership (TCO)
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Everything can be converted to dollars
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Even hidden savings deserve a dollar value
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Dollars are common currency to every industry
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Boards don't want to know your specialty
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Part 1: Pump efficiency
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Clearances
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NSS
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Vane adjustments (numbers, angles)
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Smooth coatings
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Straight pipe entering the suction
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Suction diffusers (straightening flow)
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Part 2: Motor efficiency
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110/220/460 volt differences
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VFDs
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Soft starters
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Two-speed motors
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Across-the-line starters
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High-efficiency/premium-efficiency
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VFD misapplication: Static head prevails
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Fill towers at full speed
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Hydrostatic tanks
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VFD misapplication: Missing the (BE) point
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Transmission losses
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Part 3: Valves
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Surge control
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Save on pipe damage
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Air control
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Maximize pipe diameter
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Throttling
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Emergency cut-in valves for an emergency
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Part 4: Pipework
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Bends
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Pipe smoothness
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Corrosion and losses
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Part 5: Labor and (TCO) efficiency
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Preventive/predictive maintenance (direct benefits)
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Preventive maintenance and knowledge
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Labor training and continuous improvement
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Quantify downtime
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Part 7: Auditing your system
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Total water supplied (own plus imports)
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Authorized consumption (billed and unbilled)
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Losses (apparent and real)
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Apparent losses
Unauthorized consumption Metering error Data errors
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Real losses
Distribution losses Tank leakage and overflow Service connection leakage
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To recap
We ignore efficiency We won't forever Pump efficiency matters It's not the only thing by far Total cost of ownership matters most
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Questions?
Thank you for coming!
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Thank you for your attention!
Contact us anytime with questions
Brian Gongol DJ Gongol & Associates 515-223-4144 [email protected]
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References:
US electric prices: http://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/browser/#/topic/7?
agg=0,1&geo=vvvvvvvvvvvvo&endsec=vg&linechart=ELEC.PRICE.US-ALL.M~~~ELEC.PRICE.WNC-ALL.M&columnchart=ELEC.PRICE.US-ALL.M&map=ELEC.PRICE.US-ALL.M&freq=M&start=200101&end=201402&ctype=linechart<ype=pin&rtype=s&maptype=0&rse=0&pin=
Germany, EU electric prices: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Electricity_and_natural_gas_price
_statistics
Fed funds rate: http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/series/FEDFUNDS
Suction vane drawing and sample pump curve courtesy Patterson Pump Co. Valve photographs courtesy GA Industries Some material in Part 7 adapted from the AWWA water loss auditing tool:
http://www.awwa.org/resources-tools/water-knowledge/water-loss-control.aspx
Special thanks to Shane Kinsey (City of Johnston, Iowa) and Rose Ann DiGiovanni (Patterson Pump Co.) for observations that extended the scope of this presentation
All other photos are original work by and copyright reserved to Brian Gongol