important concepts associated with the measurement of blood pressure
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Important Concepts Associated with the Measurement of Blood Pressure. BP is one of the principal vital signs. BP Classification Systolic/Diastolic Values Normal 119/79 or less Prehypertension 120/80 to 139/89 Stage 1 Hypertension 140/90 to 159/99 - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Important Concepts Associated withthe Measurement of Blood Pressure
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BP is one of the principal vital signs
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BP Classification Systolic/Diastolic Values
Normal 119/79 or less
Prehypertension 120/80 to 139/89
Stage 1 Hypertension 140/90 to 159/99
Stage 2 Hypertension 160/100 or higher
Classification of hypertension (elevated blood pressure) in adults
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Atrioventricular valvesAortic and pulmonary valves
Open OpenClosed
Closed ClosedOpen
ESV
Electrocardiogram
Left heart
P
1st 2nd
QRSP
Heart sounds
Atrial systole
Dicrotic notch
Left ventricle
Left atrium
EDV
SV
Aorta
T
Vent
ricul
arvo
lum
e (m
l)Pr
essu
re (m
m H
g)
VentricularSYSTOLE
AtrialSYSTOLE
VentricularDIASTOLE
“Lup” = closing of L AV valve or Mitral valve (1st heart sound)
“Dup” = closing of Aortic valve (2nd heart sound)
EDV = End Diastolic Volume ESV = End Systolic Volume
SV = Stroke Volume
Blood Pressure (BP) when measured with a sphygmomanometer mostly closely approximates aortic pressure.
Reviewof aortic
pressure:
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Common carotidartery
Brachial artery
Radial artery
Femoral artery
Popliteal artery
Posterior tibialartery
Dorsalis pedisartery
Superficial temporalartery
Facial artery
More practically,blood pressure (BP)is a measure ofpressure in the brachial artery (avessel located a small distance from the aorta). The dots here represent pressure points located throughout the body.
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Blood Pressure (BP)
Force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of the brachial artery(if measured traditionally)
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Force exerted against walls of a blood vessel
when the heart contracts (systole)
Systolic Blood Pressure
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Force exerted against walls of a blood vessel when the heart relaxes
(diastole)
Diastolic Blood Pressure
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Average blood pressureor mean arterial pressure (MAP) is determined by obtaining both systolic
and diastolic values of the blood vessel.
(point of this exercise)
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Where does your blood pressure fall?
And YOU thinkyou have stress!
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Atrioventricular valvesAortic and pulmonary valves
Open OpenClosed
Closed ClosedOpen
ESV
Electrocardiogram
Left heart
P
1st 2nd
QRSP
Heart sounds
Atrial systole
Dicrotic notch
Left ventricle
Left atrium
EDV
SV
Aorta
T
Vent
ricul
arvo
lum
e (m
l)Pr
essu
re (m
m H
g)
VentricularSYSTOLE
VentricularDIASTOLE
“Lup” = closing of L AV valve or Mitral valve (1st heart sound)
“Dup” = closing of Aortic valve (2nd heart sound)
EDV = End Diastolic Volume ESV = End Systolic Volume
SV = Stroke Volume
Cardiac Output can be calculated with a quick and easy mathematical formula (using the above information).
Other conceptsto review:
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Stroke Volume (SV)
Volume of blood pumped out by a ventricle
with each heart beat
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Heart Rate (HR)
Number of beats per minute
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Graph showing the change in volume (mL) of blood
in one “chamber” during a heart beat
What is the volume of blood at the end of diastole?
diastolediastole systole
EDV
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Graph showing the change in volume (mL) of blood
during one heart beat
What is the volume of blood at the end of systole?
ESV
diastolediastole systole
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Graph showing the change in volume (mL) of blood
during one heart beat
Therefore, what is the stroke volume?
SV
diastolediastole systole
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Cardiac Output (CO)
Volume of blood (mL)pumped by each
ventricle in one minute (min)
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Cardiac Output (CO)is
Heart Rate (HR) x Stroke Volume (SV)
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Example:What would be the cardiac output of an
individual at rest (60 beats/min) and with no obvious heart condition (use the stroke volume already given)? Answer:CO (mL/min) = HR (60 beats/min) SV
(70 mL/beat) = 4,200 mL/min or 4.20
L/min
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This means that over the course of one hour, one heart chamber at rest could eject over 240 liters of blood.
That’s over 63 gallons!
Sixty-three gallons for a little over six and a half days … this could fill a 10,000 gallon (small size) swimming pool.
With continuous exercise (120 beats per minute), that time could be cut in half (about 3 days)!
*1 Liter = 0.264172051 US Gallons
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Measuring Blood Pressure
(BP)Interactive Physiology Exercise(In order to make this work, an access code
log-in is required.)Steps: Click on Tutorials > Interactive Physiology >
Chapter 19 > Cardiovascular System > Measuring Blood Pressure
(The plan here will be to complete all steps and the quizzes/worksheets in lab class.)
Click below if you have a username & password at MyA&Pplace.com