importance of genetics.ppt

7/30/2019 importance of genetics.ppt

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USEFULNESSOF GENETICS



• A.GENETICS & PROMOTION

OF GOOD HEALTH

• B. GENETICS & THE USE OFDNA TECHNOLOGY

• C. GENETICS &

IMPROVEMENT OFLIVELIHOOD

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GENETIC

ENGINEERING• genetic modification,

• is the direct human manipulation

of an organism's genome usingmodern DNA technology.

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DNA TECHNOLOGY

• Wide range of techniques used

to study , improve, create or

manipulate the genetic material

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DNA TECHNOLOGY

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•Gives rise to biochemical

products

• vaccines, hormones, enzymes ,

•genetically recombined

microbes, plants & animals;

•

medicines for gene therapy &•methods for genomic analysis

(DNA fingerprinting)



A.GENETICS &

PROMOTION OF GOOD

HEALTH• GMO/GEO

– Genetically Modified Organism

– Genetically Engineered Organism – Organisms whose genetic material has

been altered using genetic engineering

techniques

– Use in biological & medical research,production of pharmaceutical drugs ,

experimental medicine(gene therapy),

agriculture (golden rice)

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TECHNIQUES IN DNA

TECHNOLOGY

• 2 CATEGORIES:

– 1. RECOMBINANT DNA

TECHNOLOGY – 2. DNA TECHNOLOGY WITHOUT

RECOMBINANT DNA

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RECOMBINANT DNA

TECHNOLOGY

• Refers to a process of creating a

DNA molecule by joining together

DNA or segments of DNA from 2diff. species

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STEPS in Recombinant

DNA Technology

• 1. 2 kinds of

DNA molecule

–

1 gene of interest

(eukaryotic cell)

– Other , bacterial

plasmid

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DNA Technology

2. The 2 DNA are

cut at a site

with specific

sequence=

RESTRICTION

ENZYME

=fragment have

the same

recognition

sequence16



Cutting DNA•

Restriction enzymes cutDNA at specific sequences

• Useful to divide DNA into

manageable fragments




DNA Technology

3. Restriction

Fragments from 2

diff. cells have the

same recognitionsequence=join as

complementary

strands

=RECOMBINANT

DNA

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DNA Technology

4. Recombinant

DNA=allowed to

produce in the

bacterial cells

-several copies of

gene

GENE CLONING=

process by whichmultiple copies of

the desired gene

are produced.

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DNA TECHNOLOGY



DNA TECHNOLOGY

WITHOUT

RECOMBINANT DNA• Do not require the use or

creation of recombinant DNA

• Embark on a search for a certaingene

• Isolated , identified , sequenced

& amplified

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Copying DNA•

Polymerase Chain Reaction • Also called PCR

• A method of making many

copies of a piece of DNA

B GENETICS & THE



B. GENETICS & THE

USE OF DNA

TECHNOLOGY• Diff. Technologies associated

with genetics as a science

– Includes:• RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY

• CLONING

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Cloning

• Clone -

a memberof a group ofgenetically

identical cells• May be produced

by asexual

reproduction (mitosis)



Cloning organisms

• A body cell from oneorganism and an egg cell

from another are fused• The resulting cell divideslike a normal embryo



Cloning “Dolly”

B GENETICS & THE



B. GENETICS & THE

USE OF DNA

TECHNOLOGY• Diff. Technologies associated

with genetics as a science

– Includes:• RECOMBINANT DNS TECHNOLOGY

• CLONING

• GENETIC PROFILING

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DNA PROFILING

• DNA profiles

• are encrypted sets of numbers that

reflect a person's DNA makeup• used as the person's identifier-

criminal investigations

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C GENETICS &



C. GENETICS &

IMPROVEMENT OF

LIVELIHOOD• Contribution in the improvement

of crops & welfare of domestic

animals=selective breedingtechniques

• Improve quality of food, make us

healthier to have longer life span

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Benefits of GeneticEngineering



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Biotechnology - • The use of gene

science to create newproducts from plantsand animals



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Biotechnology

Provides:• Improved food products

• Medical advances

• An enhanced environment



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Biotechnology Breakthroughs

• Insulin (1982)– First commercial biotechproduct

–

Reliable, inexpensive source ofinsulin

• Rice– Enriched with beta-caroteneand iron

• Bananas– Containing edible hepatitis

vaccine



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Biotechnology Breakthroughs

• Potatoes with higher solidcontent

• Garlic that lowers cholesterol

• Fruits and vegetables that

reduce risks of cancer andheart disease



Environmental Benefits

• Reduced pesticide use

•

Lower energy requirements• Cleaner water

•

Less soil erosion

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