Implementing MW Scale Stand-Alone Off-Grid PV Hybrid Projects in Malaysia - a project analysis

4 December 2012 Impact Arena, Exhibition and Convention Center, Bangkok, Thailand

Wuthipong Suponthana, PhD.ws@leonics.com

General Electrical Power SystemGeneral Electrical Power System

DC coupling Stand Alone PV-WT Hybrid System

Urban AreaUrban AreaPower SystemPower System

Remote AreaRemote AreaPower SystemPower System

The system for StandThe system for Stand--Alone Alone PVPV--Hybrid mini grid systemsHybrid mini grid systems

: Classification: Classification

By IEA PVPS Task 11, 01-2012

Stand‐Alone PV Hybrid System  Control  

Method

Supervisory Control  Communication 

1.

Rotating machine dominate system1a. Single rotating machine1b. Multi rotating machine

a. Genset  Operation  Controla1. Alternate operation of diesel unitsa2. Parallel genset operation with load sharing, 

reserve and transients covered by diesel

i. Communication Linei1 Hardware / Protocol

a. RS485 / Modbus + Proprietaryb. CAN / CANopen

i2 IEEE P1547.3 guide linei3 IEC 61850‐7‐420i4 UESP developed by CiA

2.

PCE dominate system2a. Single PCE master2b. Multi PCE master & slave

b. Genset Dispatching Controlb1. Schedule gensetb2. SOC‐based diesel operationb3. Load‐based diesel operation

ii. Gird Line Characteristicii1. Frequencyii2.Frequency & Voltage Droop

3.   Single switch master (rotating & PCE) c. PCE Supervisory Control 

without Storagec1. PV supply load and use excess energy to 

charger batteryc2.  Power limit control/Back feed controlc3.  Dummy Load dispatchingc4. Deferrable Load dispatching

iii. On‐Off Signal

4.  Multi‐master Inverter dominate d. PCE Supervisory Control with 

Storaged1. Transient supportd2  PV and diesel genset‐base battery 

chargingd3. PV battery charging only

GS

1a. Single Rotating Machine Dominate

SupervisoryCommunication c2. Power limit control/Back feed control

IEA PVPS Task 10

GSGS

1b. Multi Rotating Machine Dominate

SupervisoryCommunication Communication c2. Power limit control/Back feed control

ii2.Frequency & Voltage Droop

DG Plant Control

2a. Single PCE Dominate

Supervisory

Com

mun

icat

ion

Communication c2. Power limit control/Back feed control

By frequency of grid

2b. Multi PCE Dominate

Supervisory

Com

mun

icat

ion

Communication c2. Power limit control/Back feed control

By frequency of grid

Inverter control

GSGS

3. Single Switch Master (Rotating Machine & PCE)

Communication Supervisory

Communication

DG Plant Control

Inverter control

4. Multi Masters

GS

SupervisoryCommunication

By frequency/Voltage droop

AC-Coupling & DC-Coupling : System Selection

AC Coupling

DC Coupling

Control Type Control Type IIIISingle Switch Master Single Switch Master

DC Coupling charge battery with higher PV to Battery EfficiencyDC coupling > AC coupling

88.20% 80.37%

DC Coupling good for Load at night timeDC Coupling good for Load at night time

AC Coupling good for Load at day timeAC Coupling good for Load at day timeAC Coupling supply day time load with higher PV to Load Efficiency

DC coupling < AC coupling92.10% 95.0%

At night time when battery supply load, the overall efficiency from PV to Load DC coupling > AC coupling

78.76% 71.77%

Use solar energy by AC coupling for Day time LoadUse solar energy by AC coupling for Day time LoadUse solar energy by DC coupling for Night time LoadUse solar energy by DC coupling for Night time Load

High Irradiation Day

Low Irradiation Day

MW scale StandMW scale Stand--Alone Hybrid MiniAlone Hybrid Mini--Grid SystemGrid System

Kema850 kWp (PV)

850 kW (I)4,800 kWh (B)1600 kW (DG)

Banggi1,200 kWp (PV)

2,075 kW (I)2,880 kWh (B)

1,650 kVA (DG)

Tanjung Labian1,212 kWp (PV)

1,650 kW (I)4,320 kWh (B)1250 kW (DG)

Bario906 kWp (PV)1,100 kW (I)

3,860 kWh (B)1,443 kVA (DG)

(PV) = Photovoltaic Module, (I) = BDI + GCI, (B) = Battery, (DG) = Diesel Generator

3.45 MW

3.30 MW

4.93 MW

4.11 MW

X.xx MW Total Power of INV+DG+PV

Stand‐Alone PV Hybrid System  Control  

Method

Supervisory Control  Communication 

1.

Rotating machine dominate system1a. Single rotating machine1b. Multi rotating machine

a. Genset  Operation  Controla1. Alternate operation of diesel unitsa2. Parallel genset operation with load sharing, 

reserve and transients covered by diesel

i. Communication Linei1 Hardware / Protocol

a. RS485 / Modbus + Proprietaryb. CAN / CANopen

i2 IEEE P1547.3 guide linei3 IEC 61850‐7‐420i4 UESP developed by CiA

2.

PCE dominate system2a. Single PCE master2b. Multi PCE master & slave

b. Genset Dispatching Controlb1. Schedule gensetb2. SOC‐based diesel operationb3. Load‐based diesel operation

ii. Gird Line Characteristicii1. Frequencyii2.Frequency & Voltage Droop

3.   Single switch master (rotating & PCE) c. PCE Supervisory Control 

without Storagec1. PV supply load and use excess energy to 

charger batteryc2.  Power limit control/Back feed controlc3.  Dummy Load dispatchingc4. Deferrable Load dispatching

iii. On‐Off Signal

4.  Multi‐master Inverter dominate d. PCE Supervisory Control with 

Storaged1. Transient supportd2  PV and diesel genset‐base battery 

chargingd3. PV battery charging only

Bi-directionalBattery Inverter 200kW x 3 = 600kW

PV on AC Coupling250 kWp

PV on DC Coupling 600kWp

Grid Connect Inverter 250kW

MPPT Charge Controller70 kW x9 = 630kW

GS

Diesel Generator350kW 350kW 450kW 450kW

GS GSGS

Battery480Vdc 4,800 kWh

Kema

3.30 MW

Bi-directionalBattery Inverter 300kW x 3 = 900kW

Grid Connect Inverter 250kW x 3 = 750kW

MPPT Charge Controller70 kW x3 = 210kW

GS

Diesel Generator350kW 500kW 500kW

GS GS

PV on AC CouplingRemote Station

Grid Connect Inverter 75kW x 3 = 225kW

Battery480Vdc 720 kWh

Battery480Vdc 2,880 kWh

Banggi

4.93 MW

Bi-directionalBattery Inverter 200kW x 3 = 600kW

PV on AC Coupling402 kWp

PV on DC Coupling 483.84 kWp

Grid Connect Inverter 125kW x 4 = 600kW

MPPT Charge Controller70 kW x98= 560kW

GS

Diesel Generators275kW 275kW 158kW 158kW

GS GS

Battery480Vdc 3,860 kWh

GS

Bario

3.45 MW

Tanjung Labian, Sabah, Malaysia

PV : 1,467 kWp, Inverter : 1,650 kVA, DG : 1,350 kVA, Battery : 4,320 kWh

4.45MW4.45MW PVPV--DG Hybrid Mini Grid SystemDG Hybrid Mini Grid System

Load Profile for Tanjung Labian for design the system

AC coupling Match Design Load at Day time

Bi-directionalBattery Inverter 300kW x 3 = 900kW

PV on AC Coupling750 kWp

PV on DC Coupling 512 kWp

Grid Connect Inverter 250kW x 3 = 750kW

MPPT Charge Controller70 kW x9 = 630kW

GS

Diesel Generator350kW 500kW 500kW

GS GS

Battery480Vdc 4,320 kWh

PV on AC CouplingRemote Station255 kWp (Phase 2)

Inverter is MasterAll AC Power from Grid Connected go to Load

AC PV Supplying 541.8 kW

Battery Supplying 105.3 kW

Load Consume 635.3 kW

Inverter is MasterAll AC Power from Grid Connected go to LoadPV power from DC coupling go to Load through Bidirectional inverterBalance of DC power go to charge battery

DC PV Supplying 112.9 kW

PV Charging 66.8 kW

AC PV Supplying 530.7 kW

Load Consume 634.6 kW

Inverter is MasterAll AC Power from Grid Connected go to LoadExcess AC Power pass Bi-Directional to charge battery

Charging to Battey 28.8 kW

AC PV Supplying 402.1 kW

Load Consume 332.3 kW

Generator is Master DC Coupling Charge batteryBidirectional support power to Generator

PV Supporting 99.5 kW

PV Charging 74.9 kW

Load Consume 717.6 kWGens Suplying 624.0 kW

AC coupling Efficiency95.4 %

DC coupling Efficiency96.7 %

AC coupling PR 70%

DC coupling PR 75.6%

499 kW 633 kW

134 kW

204 kW 155 kW

166.40

165.50

166.10

499.00

Thank youThank you

Any Questions are welcomeAny Questions are welcome