implementation guide for aerial applicationof fire retardant

8/2/2019 Implementation Guide for Aerial Applicationof Fire Retardant

1/69

4 ~ S d e a

Qfh}am \}d}a|

Masdr}gaf} ki

Derhlqn}qra

Ikra|} \aryhla

Ihra dfm Dyhd}hkf Gdfdeagaf}Ud|`hfe}kf. ML

Gdrl`


2/69

2 ~ S d e a

Lkyar s`k}k bx Jrahe Rd|gq||af. Ih|`ndja Fd}hkfdn Ikra|}. 2331&

]à Q&\& Masdr}gaf} ki Derhlqn}qra (Q\MD srk`hbh}| mh|lrhghfd}hkf hf dnn h}| srkerdg| dfm dl}hyh}ha| kf

}à bd|h| ki rdla. lknkr. fd}hkfdn krhehf. dea. mh|dbhnh}x. dfm uàra dssnhldbna. |ap. gdrh}dn |}d}q|. idghnhdn

|}d}q|. sdraf}dn |}d}q|. ranhehkf. |apqdn krhaf}d}hkf. eafa}hl hfikrgd}hkf. sknh}hldn banhai|. rasrh|dn. kr

baldq|a dnn kr sdr} ki df hfmhyhmqdn| hflkga h| marhyam irkg dfx sqbnhl d||h|}dfla srkerdg& (Fk} dnn

srk`hbh}am bd|a| dssnx }k dnn srkerdg|& Sar|kf| uh}` mh|dbhnh}ha| u`k ratqhra dn}arfd}hya gadf| ikr

lkggqfhld}hkf ki srkerdg hfikrgd}hkf (Brdhnna. ndrea srhf}. dqmhk}dsa. a}l& |`kqnm lkf}dl} Q\MD|

]DREA] Laf}ar d} (232 523'2933 (ykhla dfm ]MM&

]k ihna d lkgsndhf} ki mh|lrhghfd}hkf. urh}a }k Q\MD. Mhral}kr. Kiihla ki Lhyhn Rhe`}|. 4=33 Hfmasafmafla

Dyafqa. \&U&. Ud|`hfe}kf. ML 23213'8=43. kr ldnn (033 581'


3/69

< ~ S d e a

]dbna ki Lkf}af}|

Dlrkfxg| &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 1

L`ds}ar 4& Hf}rkmql}hkf&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 9

Kboal}hya &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 9

L`ds}ar 2& Dykhmdfla Drad Gdsshfe Srkla|| dfm Mhral}hkf &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 0

Srkla|| &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 0

Mhral}hkf &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 8

Qsmd}hfe Dykhmdfla Gds| Srkla|| &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 8

L`ds}ar


4/69

= ~ S d e a

Mhral}hkf &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&


5/69

1 ~ S d e a

Dlrkfxg|

DIGK D||h|}df} Ihra Gdfdeagaf} Kiihlar

BD Bhknkehldn D||a||gaf}

BA Bhknkehldn Aydnqd}hkf

BK Bhknkehldn Kshfhkf

BGS Ba|} Gdfdeagaf} Srdl}hla

AH\ Afyhrkfgaf}dn Hgsdl} \}d}agaf}

ASD Afyhrkfgaf}dn Srk}al}hkf Deaflx

A\D Afmdfearam \salha| Dl}

IGK Ihra Gdfdeagaf} Kiihlar

I\@+I\G Ikra|} \aryhla @dfmbkkj+Gdfqdn

HL Hflhmaf} Lkggdfmar

H]\ Hflhmaf}dn ]dja \}d}agaf}

NRGS Ndfm Ra|kqrla| Gdfdeagaf} Sndf

G]ML Gh||kqnd ]al`fknkex dfm Mayanksgaf} Laf}ar

FASD Fd}hkfdn Afyhrkfgaf}dn Sknhlx Dl}

FI\ Fd}hkfdn Ikra|} \x|}ag

F@M Fd}hkfdn @xmrkerds`x Md}d|a}

FGI\ Fd}hkfdn Gdrhfa Ih|àrha| \aryhla

FKDD Fd}hkfdn Kladfhl dfm D}gk|sàrhl Dmghfh|}rd}hkf

RADM Ra|kqrla Dmyh|kr

RKM Ralkrm ki Malh|hkf

RSG Rad|kfdbna dfm Srqmaf} Gad|qra|

]ASL\ ]`rad}afam. Afmdfearam. Srksk|am. Ldfmhmd}a. Ikra|} \aryhla Nh|}am \af|h}hya

Q\I\ Qfh}am \}d}a| Ikra|} \aryhla

Q\IU\ Qfh}am \}d}a| Ih|` dfm Uhnmnhia \aryhla

UhnmLDM Uhnmndfm Ihra Lkgsq}ar Dhmam Mh|sd}l`

UIL\ Uhnmndfm Ihra Làghldn \x|}ag| (Q\I\. sdr} ki Gh||kqnd ]al`fknkex dfm Mayanksgaf} Laf}ar


6/69

9 ~ S d e a

L`ds}ar 4& Hf}rkmql}hkf

Kf Malagbar 4


7/69

5 ~ S d e a

Dykhmdfla Drad| mhral}hkf dfm Fd}hkfdn Gdsshfe Srkla||& ]`h| |al}hkf srkyhma| }à srkla|| ki

mayanksgaf} ki dykhmdfla drad|. fd}hkfdn mhral}hkf d||klhd}am uh}` q|a ki darhdn ihra ra}drmdf}

hf }à|a drad|. uàra dykhmdfla gds| ldf ba ikqfm dfm `ku gds| dra qsmd}am&

Shnk} mhral}hkf& ]`h| |al}hkf srkyhma| |salhihl mhral}hkf }k shnk}| uàf dssrkdl`hfe gdssam

dykhmdfla drad| dfm ma|lrhba| ga}`km| }k af|qra lkgsnhdfla uh}` }à fau mhral}hkf&

Ihra Ksard}hkf|& ]`h| |al}hkf hflnqma| df hf}rkmql}hkf }k }à fau mhral}hkf hf lkgsdrh|kf }ksrayhkq| mhral}hkf dfm srkyhma| mhral}hkf ikr sra|ad|kf sndffhfe. ihra |qssra||hkf dl}hyh}ha|. dfm

}dl}hl| d||klhd}am uh}` }à q|a ki darhdn ihra ra}drmdf}&

Ra|kqrla \salhdnh|}|& ]`h| |al}hkf srkyhma| hfikrgd}hkf rand}am }k }à rkna dfm iqfl}hkf ki

ra|kqrla |salhdnh|}|. mhral}hkf d||klhd}am uh}` gdssam dykhmdfla drad|. srkla|| ki ra'hfh}hd}hkf

ki lkf|qn}d}hkf uh}` raeqnd}krx deaflha| hi faamam&

Gh|dssnhld}hkf Raskr}hfe dfm Gkfh}krhfe Srkla||& ]`h| |al}hkf srkyhma| mhral}hkf dfm

raskr}hfe ratqhragaf}| hf }à ayaf} ki d gh|dssnhld}hkf hf}k df dykhmdfla drad. iqfmhfe |kqrla|

ikr }à|a dl}hyh}ha| h| dn|k srkyhmam&

1! D||a||gaf} dfm Raskr}hfe Srkla||& ]`h| |al}hkf ma|lrhba| }à sqrsk|a. mhral}hkf dfm

raskr}hfe ratqhragaf}| d||klhd}am uh}` }`h| d||a||gaf}& Ga}`kmknkeha| dfm inku l`dr}| dra

srkyhmam }k d||h|} hf lkgsna}hkf&

\ad|kfdn dfm Dffqdn ]rdhfhfe Ratqhragaf}|& ]`h| |al}hkf kq}nhfa| |salhihl |ad|kfdn

ratqhragaf}| |ql` d| srkla||a| }`d} faam }k ba lkgsna}am srhkr }k ihra |ad|kf. mqrhfe dfm sk|}'

ihra |ad|kf bx ra|kqrla& Dmmh}hkfdnnx }`h| |al}hkf srkyhma| d nh|} ki dffqdn }rdhfhfe ratqhragaf}|

dfm iqfmhfe lkma|&

Md}d dfm Qsudrm Raskr}hfe Ratqhragaf}|& Mklqgaf}d}hkf. md}d lknnal}hkf dfm raskr}hfe

ratqhragaf}| dfm iqfmhfe lkma| dra srkyhmam uh}`hf }`h| |al}hkf&

Tqa|}hkf| dfm Df|uar|& ]`h| |al}hkflkf|h|}| ki d lkgshnam nh|} ki gk|} lkggkfnx d|jam

tqa|}hkf| dfm d||klhd}am df|uar| aflkqf}aram bx }à }adg mayankshfe }à fau mhral}hkf dfm

hgsnagaf}d}hkf |}rd}aex mqrhfe }à mayanksgaf} ki }à RKM&


8/69

0 ~ S d e a

L`ds}ar 2& Dykhmdfla Drad Gdsshfe Srkla|| dfm Mhral}hkf

Srkla||

]à Ikra|} \aryhla q|am }à iknnkuhfe srk}klkn| }k eafard}a d |}dfmdrmhzam. fd}hkfdn gds }agsnd}a ki

dykhmdfla drad|?

Q|a IU\ dfm FKDD Ih|àrha|'ma|hefd}am lrh}hldn `dbh}d} ndxar| uàf dydhndbna&

Q|a }à Fd}hkfdn @xmrkerds`x Md}d|a} ikr gdsshfe ud}ar bkmha| }k lrad}a dtqd}hl dykhmdfla

drad|&

Q|a IU\. FKDD Ih|àrha|. dfm Ikra|} \aryhla |salha| sksqnd}hkf dfm ma|hefd}am lrh}hldn `dbh}d}

hfikrgd}hkf ikr kllqsham |h}a|

D} }`h| }hga dnn fd}hkfdn ikra|}| dfm erd||ndfm| }`d} `dya diial}am ]ASL\ |salha| `dya lkgsna}am }`h|

gdsshfe& ]à|a srk}klkn| uhnn ba q|am ikr dffqdn qsmd}a| dfm uhnn rayh|a }à }agsnd}a d| dssrksrhd}a&

Darhdn ra}drmdf} dykhmdfla drad| `dya baaf hmaf}hiham dfm gds| mayanksam }k srk}al} ra|kqrla|&

Dykhmdfla drad gds| ldf ba ikqfm d}

`}}s?++lmb&i|&q|md&eky+lkf}af}+mdy+i|+FI\+Lknndbkrd}hkf+IhraRa}drmdf}AH\+2343!23AH\!23Srkoal}!23

Ralkrm+AH\[Dykhmdfla[Gds|& Dykhmdfla drad| hflnqma }à iknnkuhfe?

Dtqd}hl Dykhmdfla Drad|

Ud}arudx| uhnn ba dykhmam dfm dra ehyaf d ghfhgqg ki d


9/69

8 ~ S d e a

Mhral}hkf

]à Ikra|} \aryhla uhnn dffqdnnx lkkrmhfd}a uh}` IU\ dfm FKDD Ih|àrha| nkldn kiihla| }k af|qra }`d} }à

gdssam dykhmdfla drad| kf Fd}hkfdn Ikra|} \x|}ag (FI\ ndfm| hflkrskrd}a }à gk|} qs'}k'md}a

hfikrgd}hkf& H} h| ralkggafmam }`d} adl` qfh} jaas d ralkrm ki }à|a gaa}hfe| uh}` md}a. sdr}hlhsdf}|

(dfm deaflx. fk}a|. a}l& ]à Ikra|} \aryhla uhnn lkkrmhfd}a uh}` dyhd}hkf gdfdear| dfm shnk}| kf

dykhmdfla drad gdsshfe dfm dhrlrdi} ksard}hkfdn mhral}hkf dfm uhnn srkyhma raskr}hfe mhral}hkf }k dnn

ihraihe`}hfe ihra sar|kffan uh}` |qssra||hkf ra|skf|hbhnh}ha| hf }à ayaf} }àx mh|lkyar d gh|dssnhld}hkf hf

df dykhmdfla drad& Adl` Ikra|} \qsaryh|kr uhnn ba ra|skf|hbna ikr gdhf}dhfhfe dfm qsmd}hfe }à dykhmdfla drad

gds| ikr }à dssnhldbna Fd}hkfdn Ikra|} \x|}ag ndfm drad&

H} h| ralkggafmam d nh|} ba jas} ki dnn sar|kffan+kiihla|+lkksard}kr| ralahyhfe gds

bkkj| dfm md}a bkkj| ralahyam

H} h| ralkggafmam d nh|} ba jas} ki dfx l`dfea| gdma }k gds| dfm md}a ki mh|}rhbq}hkfki l`dfea| }k }à dnn irkg h}ag dbkya

Dykhmdfla gds| ldf ba qsmd}am kr dmoq|}am ikr ]ASL\ |salha| kr ma|hefd}am lrh}hldn `dbh}d}| bx

Ikra|} \qsaryh|kr| hf lkf|qn}d}hkf uh}` IU\ kr FKDD Ih|àrha| d| fala||drx& Gdsshfe l`dfea|

dra dnnkuam hi }àx mk fk} lrad}a dmmh}hkfdn dmyar|a aiial}| }`df u`d} ud| dfdnxzam hf }àBhknkehldn D||a||gaf}| kr l`dfea }à dfdnx|h| lkfmql}am kr ma}arghfd}hkf| gdma hf }à

Bhknkehldn Kshfhkf|& Raiar }k L`ds}ar ='Ra|kqrla \salhdnh|}|. Srkla|| ikr Dmmafmqg| }k }à

Fd}hkfdn Srkerdggd}hl Lkf|qn}d}hkf&

]arra|}rhdn dfm ud}arudx dykhmdfla drad| dra gdssam q|hfe }à ba|} lqrraf} hfikrgd}hkf dfm

ldf ba qsmd}am d| ba}}ar md}d balkga| dydhndbna& D| }`h| hfikrgd}hkf l`dfea| kr h| qsmd}am. }à

gds| ldf ba dmoq|}am&

Ikr }à sqrsk|a| ki gdsshfe dtqd}hl dykhmdfla drad|. dnn ud}arudx| (F@M ndxar uara q|am d| d

bd|a ndxar dfm uara ehyaf


10/69

43 ~ S d e a

Hf}arhg+Sarhkmhl kr Nkldn Qsmd}a|

]`h| |al}hkf ma|lrhba| }à dbhnh}x ikr nkldn ikra|}| kr raehkf| }k qsmd}a }àhr ]ASL\ ra}drmdf} dykhmdfla

hfikrgd}hkf d} dfx }hga& Q|hfe }àhr 2344 AH\ ]ASL\ ra}drmdf} dykhmdfla md}d d| d bd|a. fd}hkfdn ikra|}|

kr raehkf| uhnn `dya }à dbhnh}x }k rad||a|| }àhr hfikrgd}hkf dfm srkyhma qsmd}a| d| lkfmh}hkf| udrrdf}

(ap& L`dfea| hf Iamardn nh|}hfe|: Rayh|am hgsdl} kf ]ASL\ |salha| irkg darhdn ra}drmdf} gaa}hfe

ratqhragaf}| ndhm kq} hf }`h| `dfmbkkj& EH\ md}d ikrgd} ratqhragaf}| dra |hghndr }k }`d} |salhiham hf

}à krhehfdn 2344 AH\ ]ASL\ md}d ratqa|} dfm dra srkyhmam d}

`}}s?++uuu&i|&iam&q|+ihra+ra}drmdf}+hfmap&`}gn& A||af}hdnnx. dfx fd}hkfdn ikra|} u`k gdx dssnx darhdnihra ra}drmdf} hf }à iq}qra gq|} |qbgh}. }k }à |salhiham ] Mrhya nkld}hkf. d |hfena Ihna Eakmd}dbd|a

lkf}dhfhfe }`raa |asdrd}a Iad}qra Lnd||a|. kfa ikr adl` ]`rad}afam. Afmdfearam. dfm+kr \af|h}hya

|salha| }rafmhfe }kudrm iamardn nh|}hfe. rasra|af}hfe }arra|}rhdn dfm+kr fkf'|}dfmdrm (erad}ar }`df


11/69

44 ~ S d e a

hy& Lkf}dhf ydnhm eakga}rx (gq|} qfmarek Rasdhr Eakga}rx

y& Iknnku }à ihna ikrgd} }agsnd}a srkyhmam d}?

`}}s?++uuu&i|&iam&q|+ihra+ra}drmdf}+hfmap&`}gn

yh& @dya adl` ralkrm lkf}dhf d ydnhm Ikra|} Lkma d}}rhbq}a ldnnam Qfh}HM gd}l`hfe

h}| fd}hkfdn ikra|}& ]à|a ikra|} lkma| gq|} ba hf ='mheh} hf}aear ikrgd} RRII

uàra RR h| }à 2'mheh} raehkf hmaf}hihar dfm II h| }à 2'mheh} ikra|} hmaf}hihar&

=& ]à Ikra|} \aryhla |}dii gagbar qsnkdmhfe adl` ihna gq|} |afm df agdhn fk}hixhfe }à

AMU+E\]L }`d} d fau ihna h| dydhndbna dfm uà}àr }àx l`k|a }k qsnkdm }k \MA kr }à ] mrhya&d& Ikr fau ihna qsnkdm| (ae. }à ihr|} }hga d ihna eakmd}dbd|a h| qsnkdm }k }à ]? mrhya kr \MA

ikr adl` ikra|} fk}hix ]hg Nkya? }bnkyaCi|&iam&q|

b& Ikr ihna qsmd}a| (ae. l`dfea| hf ]A\LS sknxekf| fk}hix}bnkyaCi|&iam&q|dfm Mdya

Eraaf? mleraafCi|&iam&q|

1& Adl` }hga d fd}hkfdn ikra|} |qbgh}| d fau Ihna Eakmd}dbd|a. AMU uhnn dq}kgd}hldnnx srkla|| }à

fau hfikrgd}hkf (mdhnx kr uh}`hf d iau mdx|. d||qghfe dnn ihna ratqhragaf}| dra ga}. ralkgshna.

dfm rasqbnh|` }à fd}hkfdn darhdn ihra ra}drmdf} dykhmdfla ndxar&

Dffqdn Qsmd}a|

Dffqdn dykhmdfla gds qsmd}a| uhnn ba lkkrmhfd}am bx }à Ikra|} \aryhla Eak|sd}hdn \aryhla dfm]al`fknkex Laf}ar (E\]L. q|hfe qsmd}am ]ASL\ EH\ hfsq}| irkg EH\ Lkkrmhfd}kr| uh}`hf ratqhram

fd}hkfdn ikra|}| kr raehkf|& Dffqdnnx. adl` ikra|} kr raehkf uh}` ]ASL\ |salha| }`d} gdx ba diial}am bx

}à dssnhld}hkf ki darhdn ihra ra}drmdf} gq|} srkyhma qsmd}am EH\ hfikrgd}hkf }k E\]L& ]à|a ndxar|

gq|} iknnku |salhiham md}d ikrgd} ratqhragaf}| hmaf}hiham hf Hf}arhg+Sarhkmhl kr Nkldn Qsmd}a|dbkya&

Qskf gaa}hfe }à madmnhfa (}k ba ma}arghfam d} d nd}ar md}a. nhjanx mqrhfe Malagbar kr Odfqdrx. E\]L

uhnn lkgshna dnn nkldn+raehkfdn ]ASL\ md}d dfm hf}aerd}a }k lrad}a mheh}dn ra}drmdf} dykhmdfla Smi| ikr

adl` Ikra|} \aryhla tqdmrdfena uàra ra}drmdf} lkqnm ba dssnham& ]à|a gds| uhnn ba srkyhmam hf mheh}dn

Smi ikrgd} dfm gdx ba srhf}am d| `drmlksx bkkjna}| kr q|am k}àruh|a& Iqr}àr. E\]L uhnn qsmd}a }à

fd}hkfdn darhdn ra}drmdf} dykhmdfla EH\ ndxar d} }à I\ Af}arsrh|a Md}d Udra`kq|a u`hl` uhnn srkyhma

dlla|| ki ]ASL\ ra}drmdf} dykhmdfla drad| }k sar|kffan uh}`hf }à I\ d| uann d| }k ap}arfdn sdr}far|&]`h| eak|sd}hdn ndxar ldf ba q|am hf uab gds dssnhld}hkf| |ql` d| Ekkena Gds|. d| uann d| k}àr

skr}dbna dssnhld}hkf|+snd}ikrg| |ql` d| HSdm. a}l& dfm ma|j}ks |ki}udra |ql` d| DrlEH\&
http://www.fs.fed.us/fire/retardant/index.htmlhttp://www.fs.fed.us/fire/retardant/index.htmlmailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.fs.fed.us/fire/retardant/index.html


12/69

42 ~ S d e a

Bd|a Md}d }k Idlhnh}d}a Nkldn Qsmd}a|

Md}d h| lqrraf}nx dydhndbna uh}`hf }à Ikra|} \aryhla hf}rdfa} }k dnnku ikr fd}hkfdn ikra|}| }k mayanks }àhr

kuf darhdn ra}drmdf} dykhmdfla gds| gkra |qh}dbna }k }àhr faam|. u`hna af|qrhfe }`d} eqhmanhfa|

|salhiham uh}`hf }`h| hgsnagaf}d}hkf `dfmbkkj dra iknnkuam }k |qsskr} }à kiihlhdn ralkrm ki malh|hkf

irkg }à 2344 AH\& Md}d lkgskfaf}| q|am hf }à lrad}hkf ki }à kiihlhdn Smi tqdm ra}drmdf} dykhmdfla

gds| dra?

]A\LS ra}drmdf} dykhmdfla }arra|}rhdn |salha|?

\[Q\D&DARHDNIHRARA]DRMDF]DYKHMDFLA '' |}dfmdnkfa iad}qra lnd|| dydhndbna hf AMU

}k I\ |}dii

`}}s?++dss|&i|&iam&q|+DrlEH\+ra|}+|aryhla|+amu[ap}arfdn+amu[DarhdnIhraRa}drmdf}Dykhm

dflaDrad|[34+Gds\aryar'' gds |aryhla dydhndbna }k }à sqbnhl

Adl` fd}hkfdn ikra|} kr raehkf `d| drl`hyam md}d }àx |qbgh}}am d| uann

F@M Fd}hkfdn @xmrknkehl Md}d|a} hfikrgd}hkf?

`}}s?++f`m&q|e|&eky+md}d&`}gn'' @he` ra|knq}hkf F@M irkg Q\E\

Dydhndbna hf AMU d| raehkfdn md}d|a}|?

\[Rpp[`xmrkerds`x u`ra pp h| }à raehkf hmaf}hihar

F@M[Inkunhfa| dfm F@M[Ud}arbkmha| iad}qra md}d|a}| Q\I\ I\ ]ksk Srhgdrx Bd|a \arha| Gds|?

Irkg Dsrhn 4. 2342 }`rkqe` d} nad|} Oqfa


13/69

4< ~ S d e a

L`ds}ar


14/69

4= ~ S d e a

Shnk}| uhnn gdja dmoq|}gaf}| ikr dhr|saam dfm dgbhaf} lkfmh}hkf| |ql` d| uhfm }k dykhm }`a

dssnhld}hkf ki ra}drmdf} uh}`hf }`a


15/69

41 ~ S d e a

Fk}hihld}hkf Srkla|| ikr Darhdn D||a}|

Dykhmdfla gds| uhnn ba gdma dydhndbna hf d ydrha}x ki ikrgd}|. hflnqmhfe `drm lksx gds|. dfm anal}rkfhl

gds|. }k dnn Nadm Sndfa. D\G. D]E\|. dfm HD tqdnhiham Dhr ]dfjar|. @anhlks}ar|. IGK|. DIGK|. Nhfa

Kiihlar|. Hflhmaf} Lkggdfmar|. dfm dnn ra|kqrla |salhdnh|}|. |ql` d| uhnmnhia bhknkeh|}|. ih|àrha|

bhknkeh|}|. bk}dfh|}|. dfm lqn}qrdn ra|kqrla| |salhdnh|}|& Ihra Gdfdeagaf} Kiihla| ldf mh|}rhbq}a d|

fala||drx }k dssrksrhd}a ihra sar|kffan&

Dnn ra}drmdf} dykhmdfla drad gdsshfe hfikrgd}hkf `d| baaf sq} hf}k d EH\ ndxar }`d} ldf ba kyarndhm hf}kgkyhfe gds dssnhld}hkf| dfm UIM\\& ]à|a gds srkmql}| ldf ba gdma }k ba mkufnkdmdbna }k ES\

qfh}| }`d} dyhd}hkf d||a}| lkqnm q}hnhza uh}` u`d}ayar }al`fknkex }àx q|a hf }à dhrsndfa&

Hf}ardeaflx Mh|sd}l` Laf}ar| uhnn `dya dykhmdfla drad gds| dydhndbna hf UhnmLDM ikr }à ikra|}|+qfh}|

hf }àhr mh|sd}l` drad& Uàf dhrlrdi} dra q}hnhzam dfm+kr ratqa|}am. }à ratqa|}hfe mh|sd}l` laf}ar uhnn

rayhau }àhr ra}drmdf} dykhmdfla drad gds| dfm dmyh|a d| }k uà}àr kr fk} }à ihra h| uh}`hf. kr

dmodlaf} }k. df dykhmdfla drad& ]`h| hfikrgd}hkf uhnn }àf ba sd||am dnkfe }k ra|skfmhfe dhrlrdi} |hghndr

}k `ku `dzdrm hfikrgd}hkf h| lqrraf}nx lkggqfhld}am& Lkkrmhfd}hkf |`kqnm kllqr uh}` }à Hflhmaf}

Lkggdfmar d| uann hi }àra h| kfa kf |lafa& Hf }qrf. hi faamam. }à Hflhmaf} Lkggdfmar |`kqnm ratqa|}

d nkldn ra|kqrla dmyh|kr (RADM hf }à ayaf} }àra dra |ayardn dykhmdfla drad| uh}`hf }à yhlhfh}x ki }à

hflhmaf}&

D| h} h| qfrad|kfdbna }k apsal} Shnk}| }k q}hnhza d gds bkkj u`hna |hgqn}dfakq|nx sarikrghfe dnn ki }àhr

k}àr ra|skf|hbhnh}ha|. h} h| hgskr}df} }`d} }`h| hfikrgd}hkf h| sd||am dnkfe irkg }à mh|sd}l`& ]`h|

srkyhma| }à hgsa}q| ikr dyhd}kr| }k lkf|qn} ra}drmdf} gds hfikrgd}hkf. lkfiar uh}` erkqfm ra|kqrla|.

dfm gdja df amqld}am malh|hkf dbkq} uà}àr kr fk} ra}drmdf} |`kqnm ba manhyaram&

Darhdn |qsaryh|hkf (D]E\ kr Nadm Sndfa sar|kffan |`kqnm lkggqfhld}a uh}` shnk}| d| }k }à sra|afla ki

dykhmdfla drad| dfm ud}arudx| }`d} gdx ba fadr }à mrks drad& Lkggqfhld}hfe uh}` erkqfm ra|kqrla|

kf }à ihra h| dn|k lrh}hldn }k d||h|} hf }à srksar sndlagaf} ki }à ra}drmdf} dfm kq} ki dykhmdfla drad|&

Fk}a? Uàf ra}drmdf} h| ratqa|}am kf d Fd}hkfdn Ikra|} }àra faam| }k ba d }rheear }k dmyh|a dyhd}hkf d||a}| uà}àr kr fk}

}à ihra| nkld}hkf h| uh}`hf kr dmodlaf} }k df dykhmdfla drad& ]àkra}hldnnx. }`h| hfh}hdn }rheear ukqnm lkga irkg mh|sd}l` }k }à

dhr d}}dlj& ]`h| gdx ba |salhihl lkggqfhld}hkf (a&e& ihra h| hf df dykhmdfla drad kr h} gdx ba eafardn (a&e& ihra lkqnm ba fadr df

dykhmdfla drad& Raedrmna||. }`h| hfikrgd}hkf |`kqnm }rheear }à D]E\. Dhr ]dfjar. Nadm Sndfa kr D\G }k lkf|qn} uh}` }à HL kr

}àhr Ra}drmdf} Dykhmdfla Drad Gds Bkkj }k iheqra kq} uà}àr kr fk} }à ihra h| nkld}am hf df dykhmdfla drad&

Hi mh|sd}l` h| fk} dbna }k lkggqfhld}a }`h| hfikrgd}hkf ikr u`d}ayar rad|kf (a&e& kyarnkdmam uh}` àdyx hfh}hdn d}}dlj h} h| ekhfe

}k ba hflqgbaf} kf }à HL dfm+kr }à D]E\ }k ma}arghfa uà}àr kr fk} }à ihra h| uh}`hf df dykhmdfla drad& Hi }à D]E\ h|

kyarnkdmam dfm qfdbna }k lkf|qn} `h|+àr gds bkkj kr mheh}dn gds dfm }àra h| fk HL kf }à erkqfm. }àf d} }à yarx nad|}. d

ratqa|} }k mh|sd}l` ikr lndrhihld}hkf faam| }k kllqr& @kuayar. hi }àra h| d nhia kr sqbnhl |dia}x }`rad}. ra}drmdf} |`kqnm ba

lkf|hmaram hi }àra h| d rad|kfdbna apsal}d}hkf }`d} ra}drmdf} uhnn dnnayhd}a }`d} }`rad}&


16/69

49 ~ S d e a

L`ds}ar =& Ihra Ksard}hkf|

Hf}rkmql}hkf }k fau mhral}hkf dfm bdljerkqfm hfikrgd}hkf

Ihraihe`}ar dfm sqbnhl |dia}x h| dnudx| }à ihr|} dfm heà|} srhkrh}x hf ihe`}hfe ihra| (I\G 1433& ]à

hf}rkmql}hkf ki hflrad|am ra|}rhl}hkf| kf uàra ra}drmdf} ldf ba dssnham `d| }à sk}af}hdn }k hf}rkmqla

df qfhf}afmam lkf|atqafla }k |dia}x& Ihraihe`}hfe }rdhfhfe. mhral}hkf. dfm ratqhragaf}| dra eafardnnx

|}dfmdrmhzam dlrk|| dnn Iamardn uhnmndfm ihraihe`}hfe deaflha| dfm gk|} \}d}a|& Hgsnagaf}hfe d gkra

lkgsnap gdsshfe |x|}ag ikr erkqfm dfm darhdn ra|kqrla| kf Ikra|} \aryhla ihra| kfnx gdx nadm }klkfiq|hkf dfm hflkf|h|}aflha| uh}` sdr}far| dfm lkksard}kr|&

]à Ikra|} \aryhla uhnn lkf}hfqa q|hfe darhdnnx manhyaram ihra ra}drmdf} u`hna ramqlhfe hgsdl}| }k

iamardnnx nh|}am |salha| |qiihlhaf}nx }k af|qra }`d} fk |salha| uhnn ba oaksdrmhzam bx |ql` q|a& ]à AH\

a|}dbnh|à| fd}hkfdn dykhmdfla drad gdsshfe |}dfmdrm| dfm dffqdn lkkrmhfd}hkf ba}uaaf }à Ikra|}

\aryhla uh}` IU\ dfm FKDD Ih|àrha| }k af|qra }`d} dykhmdfla drad| dfm gh}hed}hkf| dra ramqlhfe

hgsdl}| }k ]ASL\ |salha|& ]à RKM+AH\ kfnx hflrad|a| }à dykhmdfla drad| ikr aplnqmhfe ra}drmdf} q|a

dlrk|| dssrkphgd}anx 3&0 sarlaf} ki FI\ ndfm| hf dmmh}hkf }k }à lqrraf} mhral}hkf ikr srk}al}hkf ki dnn

ud}arudx| uh}` d


17/69

45 ~ S d e a

]à 2333 Eqhmanhfa| dfm 2330 RSD|

]à RKM lkf}hfqa| }à q|a ki }à 2333 Eqhmanhfa| ikr Darhdn Manhyarx ki Ra}drmdf} kr ikdg fadr

Ud}arudx|& ]à|a eqhmanhfa| dnnku }à dssnhld}hkf ki ra}drmdf} }k Fd}hkfdn Ikra|} \x|}ag ndfm|

bq} srk`hbh} }àhr q|a uh}`hf d


18/69

40 ~ S d e a

Sra|ad|kf Sndffhfe

Srasdramfa||? qfh}| uh}` gdssam dykhmdfla drad| |`kqnm ukrj kf dmmhfe }`h| hfikrgd}hkf }k?

làlj'nh|}|.

brhaihfe gd}arhdn|.

nkldn }rdhfhfe dfm raira|àr|.

k}àr qfh} |salhihl gd}arhdn| }`d} dra }xshldnnx eafard}am ikr |`drhfe uh}` dfx ihra ra|kqrla|

kf }à qfh} srhkr }k }àhr raeqndr ihra |ad|kf&

Sra|ad|kf radmhfa|| rayhau| gq|} hflkrskrd}a }`h| ratqhragaf}& Hflnqma h} hf?

srasndffam mh|sd}l` hfh}hdn d}}dlj ra|skf|a |}rd}aeha|.

nkldn ihra raira|àr }rdhfhfe.

lkksard}hya ihra srk}al}hkf deraagaf}| uàra k}àr deaflha| srkyhma srk}al}hkf kf

Fd}hkfdn Ikra|} ndfm|.

dfx gaa}hfe| uàra ra|skf|a }k ihra| h| d }kshl& ]à|a yafqa| uhnn srkyhma mhral} gadf| ki

lkggqfhld}hfe }à hf}af} ki }à|a eqhmanhfa| dfm srkyhma d |}dfmdrm srdl}hla ki rayhauhfe

}à gds| dffqdnnx }k af|qra hi l`dfea| dra gdma sar|kffan uhnn ba dudra ki }à l`dfea|. d|

uann d| af|qrhfe fau agsnkxaa| kf }à qfh}| uhnn ba apsk|am }k }à gd}arhdn dfm

ratqhragaf}|&

Dfx deraagaf}| d qfh} `d| ikr d lkksard}kr }k srkyhma hfh}hdn d}}dlj ra|skf|a |`kqnm ba rayhauam dfm

mh|lq||am uh}` }à lkksard}hfe deaflx }k af|qra }àx `dya }`h| hfikrgd}hkf dfm qfmar|}dfm }à

ratqhragaf}| u`hl` hflnqma| fk nkfear q|hfe darhdnnx dssnham ihra ra}drmdf} hf dykhmdfla drad| dfm u`d}

h| apsal}am ki }àg hi }àra h| d gh|dssnhld}hkf& L`ds}ar 9 srkyhma| }à gh|dssnhld}hkf raskr}hferatqhragaf}|&

]rdhfhfe h| d lrh}hldn anagaf} ikr dfx ra|kqrla |qsskr}hfe ihra|& L`ds}ar 0 hflnqma| |ad|kfdn mq}ha| dfm

dffqdn }rdhfhfe ratqhragaf}|&

Ba|hma| ukrjhfe uh}` Q\IU\ dfm FKDD Ih|àrha| qfh}| faam }k hmaf}hix dfx lqn}qrdn ra|kqrla. }rdmh}hkfdn

lqn}qrdn srksar}x. kr |dlram |h}a| dfm hmaf}hix hi darhdnnx dssnham ihra ra}drmdf} h| dssrksrhd}a ikr

srk}al}hkf ki }à ra|kqrla kr |qrrkqfmhfe drad| kr k}àr }dl}hl& ]`h| sra'ukrj uhnn d||h|} dfx hflhmaf}

lkggdfmar uàf d ihra h| }`rad}afhfe }à|a drad|&

Qfh}| |`kqnm lkf|hmar sq}}hfe }kea}àr d sra'a|}dbnh|àm brhaihfe sdlja} }`d} ukqnm hflnqma eafardndykhmdfla drad gds mhral}hkf. lqn}qrdn dykhmdfla drad| dfm hfikrgd}hkf. gh|dssnhld}hkf raskr}hfe. dfm

lkf}dl}| ikr nkldn ra|kqrla |salhdnh|}| hf ld|a ki d gh|dssnhld}hkf& ]`h| sdlja} lkqnm ba ihfdnhzam hi }à

qfh} `d| d ]xsa 4. 2 kr < Hflhmaf} uàra d }adg h| ra|skfmhfe&


19/69

48 ~ S d e a

Ihra \qssra||hkf Dl}hyh}ha|

Deaflx Dmghfh|}rd}kr| uhnn hflnqma mhral}hkf dfm apsal}d}hkf| hf }àhr manaed}hkf ki dq}`krh}x na}}ar

srkyhmam }k }à hflhmaf} lkggdfmar hi d ihra `d| sk}af}hdn kr dnradmx hflnqma| dfx dykhmdfla drad d|

hmaf}hiham }`rkqe` }à Afyhrkfgaf}dn Hgsdl} \}d}agaf} dfm Lkf|qn}d}hkf& Dfx hfh}hdn brhaihfe uh}` }à

hflhmaf} lkggdfmar |`kqnm hmaf}hix drad| ki sk}af}hdn |dia}x lkflarf }`d} lkqnm ba lkgsrkgh|am hi ihra

radlà| }àg dfm ukqnm `dya d mhral} ldq|a }k sqbnhl kr ihraihe`}ar |dia}x& Hf }à|a ld|a| uàra }àx

kyarnds kr dra uh}`hf d gdssam dykhmdfla drad }à aplas}hkf }k dssnx ra}drmdf} gdx ba hfykjam&

Hflhmaf} Lkggdfmar| dfm Deaflx Dmghfh|}rd}kr| uhnn faam }k af|qra ihraihe`}hfe ra|kqrla| `dya }à

hfikrgd}hkf. dykhmdfla drad gds|. dfm u`d} }k mk hf }à ayaf} ki d gh|dssnhld}hkf&

Ikr hfh}hdn d}}dlj ihra| h} h| lrh}hldn ikr }à dykhmdfla drad gds| }k ba dydhndbna }k dfx ihra ra|kqrla| }`d}

srkyhma HD ra|skf|a hflnqmhfe mh|sd}làr|& ]à sk}af}hdn }k krmar }à q|a ki ihra ra}drmdf} }k d||h|} hf

}à lkf}dhfgaf} ki df hfh}hdn d}}dlj h| |}rkfe. |k ikr ikra|}| }`d} `dya gdssam dykhmdfla drad| |`kqnm

mayanks |}rd}aeha| dfm }dl}hl| hf dmydfla ki ihra |}dr}|& ]`h| nayan ki srasndffhfe dfm hfh}hdn d}}dlj

srhkrh}ha| ikr }à mh|sd}l` ki dssrksrhd}a ra|kqrla| uhnn àns uh}` ghfhghzhfe }à sk}af}hdn ikr

gh|dssnhld}hkf|& \aa L`ds}ar < Shnk} Mhral}hkf. Fk}hihld}hkf Srkla|| ikr Darhdn D||a}| ikr gkra ma}dhn|&

]dl}hldn Mhral}hkf]à RKM hflnqma| ndfeqdea |salhihl }k dhrlrdi} ksard}hkfdn eqhmdfla& \salhihl }k }à ihra hflhmaf}

lkggdfmar. }à iknnkuhfe h| hmaf}hiham?

Uàfayar srdl}hldn. d| ma}arghfam bx }à ihra hflhmaf} lkggdfmar. }à Ikra|} \aryhla uhnn q|a

ud}ar kr k}àr uhnmndfm ihra làghldn |qssra||df}| ikr mhral} d}}dlj kr na|| }kphl dssrkyam ihra

ra}drmdf}| hf drad| kllqsham bx ]ASL\ |salha| kr }àhr ma|hefd}am lrh}hldn `dbh}d}|& \kga |salha| dfm

`dbh}d}| ratqhra }`d} kfnx ud}ar ba q|am }k srk}al} }àhr `dbh}d} dfm sksqnd}hkf|& ]à|a drad| dra

hmaf}hiham }`rkqe` }à gdssam dykhmdfla drad|&

D| Hflhmaf} lkggdfmar| a|}dbnh|` ihra |qssra||hkf |}rd}aeha| }`h| |`kqnm ba lkf|hmaram hi dykhmdfla

drad| aph|}. hflnqmhfe }à sra|afla ki lqn}qrdn ra|kqrla|. hflnqmhfe `h|}krhl srksar}ha|. }rdmh}hkfdn lqn}qrdn

ra|kqrla|. dfm |dlram |h}a|&

]k |qggdrhza. qfmar }`h| fau mhral}hkf?

Ihra ra}drmdf} ldffk} ba q|am }k dfl`kr ihra| hf}k ud}arudx|. |}aas }arrdhf. kr drad| ki nhgh}am

dlla||hbhnh}x hi nkld}am uh}`hf sra'hmaf}hiham dykhmdfla drad|&

Ihra ra}drmdf} ldffk} ba q|am }k srk}al} srksar}x hf df dykhmdfla drad uh}`kq} }à aplas}hkf

bahfe hfykjam&

]à kfnx aplas}hkf }k q|hfe darhdn dssnhld}hkf ki ihra ra}drmdf}| hf dykhmdfla drad| h| ikr sqbnhl

dfm ihra ihe`}ar |dia}x&


20/69

23 ~ S d e a

L`ds}ar 1& Ra|kqrla \salhdnh|}|

Ra|kqrla \salhdnh|}| dfm Dmyh|kr Rkna

Ra|kqrla dmyh|kr| (RADM| gdx lkf|h|} ki dfx Ikra|} \aryhla |salhdnh|} ra|skf|hbna ikr }à srk}al}hkf| ki

lqn}qrdn ra|kqrla|. ih|` kr dtqd}hl ra|kqrla|. uhnmnhia dfm sndf}| kr }arra|}rhdn ra|kqrla|& RADM| dra

q|qdnnx d||hefam d} }à Fd}hkfdn Ikra|} nayan ikr |qsskr} }k ihra hflhmaf}|. bq} gdx dn|k hflnqma raehkfdn

|salhdnh|}| hf }à ld|a ki ]ASL\ |salha|& Raehkfdn |salhdnh|} gdx ba hfyknyam uh}` }à dffqdn raskr}hfe

dfm lkkrmhfd}hkf ratqhragaf}| uh}` }à Q\ IU\. FKDD FGI\. \}d}a @h|}krhl Sra|aryd}hkf Kiihlar. ]rhbdn@h|}krhl Sra|aryd}hkf Kiihlar|. \}d}a Ih|` dfm Uhnmnhia deaflha|. kr k}àr|&

Baikra ihra |ad|kf. h} h| ralkggafmam }`d} `xmrknkeh|}| kr Ikra|} @dzdrmkq| Gd}arhdn| lkkrmhfd}kr

apsal}am }k ukrj d| d ra|kqrla dmyh|kr. lkkrmhfd}a uh}` }àhr lkqf}arsdr} d} }àhr |}d}a ud}ar tqdnh}x

deaflx }k mh|lq|| (dfm mklqgaf} raskr}hfe ratqhram hf }à ayaf} ki d ra}drmdf} |shnn kr ra}drmdf}

dssnhld}hkf }k ud}ar& Hf dmmh}hkf. balkga idghnhdr uh}` }à |}d}a nd}a|} ud}ar tqdnh}x ratqhragaf}|. dfx

|h}a |salhihl drad| uh}` |salhdn ud}ar tqdnh}x h||qa|. dfm ud}ar hf}dja| ikr gqfhlhsdn ud}ar|àm| kr

mkga|}hl ud}ar |qssnha| kf }à Ikra|} kr mhral}nx mkuf|}radg& Balkga idghnhdr uh}` }`h| mklqgaf}.

sdr}hlqndrnx }à drad| lkflarf| uh}` gh|dssnhld}hkf. raskr}hfe dfm gkfh}krhfe (L`ds}ar| 1'8 dfm }à

raskr}hfe }kkn| hf Dssafmhp B& ]à rkna ra|kqrla |salhdnh|}| sndx uh}`hf } h| fau malh|hkf hflnqma?

Iheqra 4& Ra|kqrla \salhdnh|}| Rkna uh}`hf }à fau Darhdn Ihra Ra}drmdf} Manhyarx irkg Dhrlrdi} Mhral}hkf

Mhral}hkf

]à mhral}hkf |}d}am banku h| eafardn hf fd}qra. dnnkuhfe ikr Raehkf| dfm Ikra|}| }k kredfhza }àhr

srkla||a| d| h} ba|} |qh}| }àhr hfmhyhmqdn faam|& Ikr |salha| aydnqd}am uh}`hf }à BD|. h} h| |qeea|}am ikr

Darhdn Ra}drmdf} Gh|dssnhld}hkf

Raskr}hfe dfm Gkfh}krhfe

Dfdnx|h| ki Hgsdl}| }`rkqe` \h}a

D||a||gaf}|

Iknnku'qs gkfh}krhfe d| faamam

Fk}hihld}hkf| uh}` raeqnd}krx deaflha|

dfm+kr k}àr raehkf| dfm ikra|}| ikr

uhma rdfehfe |salha| dfm hflhmaf}dn }dja

|}d}agaf} ratqhragaf}|

Ra'hfh}hd}hkf ki lkf|qn}d}hkf hi faamam

Hgsnagaf}d}hkf ki ra|}rhl}hkf| hi

fala||drx

Hgsnagaf}d}hkf ki dssrksrhd}a

gh}hed}hkf gad|qra|. ragamhd}hkf.

ra|}krd}hkf dfm ralkyarx dl}hkf|

Dffqdn Lkkrmhfd}hkf dfm ]rdhfhfe

Uh}` Raeqnd}krx Deaflha|? Qsmd}a

dykhmdfla gds| dffqdnnx hf lkksard}hkf

uh}` IU\ dfm FKDD Ih|àrha| }k rainal}

l`dfea| mqrhfe }à xadr kf dmmh}hkfdn

|salha| kr l`dfea| gdma ikr ma|hefd}am

lrh}hldn dbh}d}. ah}àr irkg fau iamardn

|salha|. ihfdn kr srksk|am nh|}hfe| kr

ma|hefd}am+srksk|am lrh}hldn dbh}d}. krl`dfea| }k aph|}hfe |salha| kllqrrafla|

Hflnqma mklqgaf}d}hkf ki }`h| dffqdn

lkkrmhfd}hkf? md}a. sdr}hlhsdf}|. dfm

deafmd|&

Af|qra }`d} gk|} qs }k md}a gds|

rainal}hfe dykhmdfla drad| dra gdhf}dhfam

nkldnnx dfm d} Q\I\ E\]L


21/69

24 ~ S d e a

uhma rdfehfe |salha| kr ayaf |salha| }`d} kllqr kf gqn}hsna ikra|}| uh}`hf d raehkf }`d} I\ |salha| nadm|

kr |salha| lkkrmhfd}kr| ba hmaf}hiham }k af|qra }à fau Darhdn Dssnhld}hkf ki Ihra Ra}drmdf} Mhral}hkf

dfm Lkf|aryd}hkf Gad|qra| dfm Hflhmaf}dn ]dja \}d}agaf}| dra hgsnagaf}am& ]à mhral}hkf iknnku|?

]à Ikra|} \aryhla. d} }à nkldn nayan. uhnn lkkrmhfd}a uh}` nkldn Q&\& Ih|` dfm Uhnmnhia \aryhla

dfm+kr FKDD Ih|àrha| kiihla| dffqdnnx kr d| faamam }k af|qra }`d} dfx qsmd}a| }`d} dra

faamam ikr ra}drmdf} dykhmdfla drad| kf Fd}hkfdn Ikra|} \x|}ag ndfm| dra gdssam q|hfe }à

gk|} qs'}k'md}a hfikrgd}hkf&

]arg| dfm Lkfmh}hkf| dfm Hflhmaf}dn ]dja \}d}agaf}| h||qam uh}`hf }à BK|& Mhiiaraf} |ldna|

ki dfdnx|h| ikr hflhmaf}dn }dja dfm mhiiaraf} ra'hfh}hd}hkf ratqhragaf}| uara ehyaf ikr dtqd}hl

|salha| qfmar }à oqrh|mhl}hkf ki FKDD Ih|àrha|. lkgsdram }k IU\ |salha| (Snad|a raiar }k }à

BK| d}`}}s?++uuu&i|&iam&q|+ihra+ra}drmdf}+ah|[hfik&`}gn& Ikr |salha| kllqrrhfe uh}`hf

gqn}hsna Raehkf| kr Ikra|}| dfm uàra }dja h| }rdljam bx ikra|}. Ikra|} \aryhla \salha| nadm| kr

lkkrmhfd}kr| faam }k af|qra }dja h| fk} aplaamam dfm hi ra'hfh}hd}hkf h| fala||drx& Ikr FKDD

ih|àrha| |salha|. Ikra|} \aryhla \salha| nadm| kr lkkrmhfd}kr| faam }k af|qra }`d} }dja h|

}rdljam dfm ra'hfh}hd}hkf h| lkgsna}am d| dssrksrhd}a ikr |salha|&

]à Ikra|} \aryhla. d} }à nkldn nayan. uhnn raskr} }k IU\ dfm FKDD ih|àrha| dnn gh|dssnhld}hkf| ki

darhdnnx dssnham ihra ra}drmdf} dfm hgsnagaf} dfx lkf|aryd}hkf gad|qra| kr }arg| dfm

lkfmh}hkf| kq}nhfam uh}`hf }à BK| ikr |salha| |salhihl ratqhragaf}|& ]à raskr} dfm

d||a||gaf} ki hgsdl}| uhnn ma}arghfa fala||drx gh}hed}hkf gad|qra|. ragamhd}hkf dl}hkf|

gkfh}krhfe faam|. dfm uà}àr ra'hfh}hd}hkf ki ikrgdn lkf|qn}d}hkf h| faamam& Masafmhfe kf }à

|ayarh}x ki }à dmyar|a aiial}. df dssrksrhd}a ra|}rhl}hkf kf iq}qra darhdn dssnhld}hkf ki ra}drmdf}

gdx ba fala||drx ikr }à raskr}am drad& DfD||a||gaf} ki Hgsdl}| hf Dykhmdfla Drad|

Raskr}hfe ]kkn`d| baaf mayanksam u`hl` uhnn lds}qra |h}a hgsdl}| (raiar }k Dssafmhp B& H} h|

df}hlhsd}am }`d} dnn raskr}hfe }kkn| uhnn ba nhya kf'nhfaikrg| uh}` md}d apskr} ldsdbhnh}x }k

dssrkyam q|ar| nd}a |srhfe ki 2342 }k d||h|} }rdljhfe ki hgsdl}| dfm raskr}hfe&

]à Ikra|} \aryhla uhnn hgsnagaf} gh}hed}hkf gad|qra| ikr gh|dssnhld}hkf| hf dykhmdfla drad| hi

|khn kr yaea}d}hkf dfm |qrrkqfmhfe `dbh}d} uh}`hf }à ud}arudx bqiiar| dra hgsdl}am. dfm

hgsnagaf} ark|hkf lkf}rkn gad|qra| }k ramqla ra}drmdf} manhyarx mqrhfe rdhf ayaf}| irkg

af}arhfe `dbh}d}& ]à|a gad|qra| uhnn iknnku rayaea}d}hkf dfm ark|hkf lkf}rkn d| kq}nhfam

uh}`hf }à BDAR eqhmdfla& ]à|a gad|qra| dra ma}arghfam d} }à nkldn nayan masafmhfe kf nkldn

lkfmh}hkf| dfm dra d||klhd}am uh}` dtqd}hl dfm rhsdrhdf ]A\ `dbh}d}|&

Mqa }k }à fd}qra ki lqn}qrdn ra|kqrla| dfm |dlram |h}a|.mhral}hkf ikr gdsshfe. gh|dssnhld}hkf

dfm raskr}hfe. gkfh}krhfe h| srkyhmam uh}`hf d |asdrd}a |al}hkf hf L`ds}ar 9. Srkla|| ki

Raskr}hfe ki Gh|dssnhld}hkf ki Darhdn Dssnhld}hkf ki Ihra Ra}drmdf} ikr Lqn}qrdn Ra|kqrla.]rdmh}hkfdn Lqn}qrdn Srksar}x. kr \dlram \h}a|&
http://www.fs.fed.us/fire/retardant/eis_info.htmlhttp://www.fs.fed.us/fire/retardant/eis_info.htmlhttp://www.fs.fed.us/fire/retardant/eis_info.htmlhttp://www.fs.fed.us/fire/retardant/eis_info.html


22/69

22 ~ S d e a

Ra'hfh}hd}hkf ki Lkf|qn}d}hkf ikr }à Fd}hkfdn Srkerdggd}hl BD uh}`

IU\+FKDD

]à }hgairdga ki }à lkf|qn}d}hkf ikr darhdn ihra ra}drmdf} h|? Odfqdrx 4. 2342. }k Odfqdrx 4. 2322. dfm

hflnqma| d 1'xadr srkerdggd}hl lkgsnhdfla rayhau& Bhknkehldn D||a||gaf} dfm Kshfhkf| ldf ba ikqfm

d}? `}}s?++uuu&i|&iam&q|+ihra+ra}drmdf}+hfmap&`}gn

D| srkyhmam ikr hf 13 LIR =32&49. ra'hfh}hd}hkf ki ikrgdn lkf|qn}d}hkf h| ratqhram uàra mh|lra}hkfdrx

Iamardn deaflx hfyknyagaf} kr lkf}rkn kyar }à dl}hkf `d| baaf ra}dhfam (kr h| dq}`krhzam bx ndu dfm hi?

]à dgkqf} kr ap}af} ki }dja h| aplaamam:

Fau hfikrgd}hkf rayadn| aiial}| ki }à deaflx dl}hkf kf nh|}am |salha| kr ma|hefd}am lrh}hldn

`dbh}d} hf d gdffar kr }k df ap}af} fk} lkf|hmaram:

]à deaflx dl}hkf h| |qb|atqaf}nx gkmhiham hf d gdffar }`d} ldq|a| df aiial} }k }à nh|}am

|salha| kr lrh}hldn `dbh}d} fk} lkf|hmaram: kr

D fau |salha| h| nh|}am kr lrh}hldn `dbh}d} h| ma|hefd}am }`d} gdx ba diial}am bx }à dl}hkf&

Dgkqf} kr Ap}af} ki ]dja h| Aplaamam

Dl}hkf?

4& \salha| nadm| kr lkkrmhfd}kr| uhnn ba hmaf}hiham }k }rdlj dgkqf} kr ap}af} ki }dja d} ah}àr

}à nkldn kr raehkfdn nayan&

2& Hi |salha| h| uhma rdfehfe dfm }dja kllqr| hf kfa drad. dnn k}àr raehkf|+ikra|}| uàra

|salha| kllqr uhnn ba fk}hiham (}`h| srkla|| h| lds}qram uh}`hf }à raskr}hfe ikrg| dfm

d||klhd}am md}dbd|a|&


23/69

2< ~ S d e a

Fau Hfikrgd}hkf rayadn| aiial}| ki }à Deaflx Dl}hkf kf Nh|}am \salha| kr Ma|hefd}am Lrh}hldn `dbh}d}

hf d gdffar kr }k df ap}af} fk} lkf|hmaram

]à iknnkuhfe h}ag| dra apdgsna| ki u`d} gdx lkf|}h}q}a fau hfikrgd}hkf?

darhdn ihra ra}drmdf} q|a kf ikra|}| fk} srayhkq|nx lkf|hmaram uh}`hf }à dfdnx|h|.

darhdn ihra ra}drmdf} q|a kr fau I\ mhral}hkf }`d} ukqnm dssnx darhdn ihra ra}drmdf} hf

dgkqf}| baxkfm dfdnx|h| sdrdga}ar| uh}`hf }à BD.

|salha| bd|anhfa lkfmh}hkf| l`dfea }`d} gdx fk} `dya baaf lkf|hmaram uh}`hf }à BD&

Dl}hkf?

4& Hi darhdn ihra ra}drmdf} h| sndffam kr kllqr| kf ikra|}| fk} dfdnxzam hf }à BD mqa }k fk

srayhkq| `h|}krhldn. nkldn ikra|}| kr raehkf| gq|} ra'hfh}hd}a iknnkuhfe |hghndr dfdnx|h| q|am

uh}`hf }à BD. lkf|qn} uh}` nkldn IU\ kiihla| ra}dhf hfikrgd}hkf nkldnnx dfm |qbgh} }k UK'

]A\ Srkerdg Gdfdear&

2& Darhdn ihra ra}drmdf} q|a bx ikra|} h| }rdljam adl` xadr bx IDG. dffqdn raskr}| ki q|a dra

|af} }k UK'IDG }k ikrudrm kf }k Raeqnd}krx Deaflha|& Raehkfdn ]A\ lkkrmhfd}kr| |`kqnm

ma}arghfa hi darhdn ihra ra}drmdf} q|a h| kq}|hma }à bkqfm| ki dfdnx|h| |a} ikr}` hf }à BD

(dffqdn darhdn ihra ra}drmdf} q|a bx ikra|} uhnn ba dydhndbna yhd kf'nhfa md}dbd|a kr dffqdnraskr} srasdram bx IDG& Baldq|a }à BD lkf|hmaram dyardea darhdn ihra ra}drmdf} q|a irkg

}à sd|} 43 xadr| bx ikra|}. lkf|hmarhfe hi darhdn ihra ra}drmdf} q|a h| kq}|hma }à bkqfm| ki

dfdnx|h| uhnn nhjanx ba d srkla|| aydnqd}am mqrhfe }à 1'xadr srkerdggd}hl rayhau. `kuayar.

hi darhdn ihra ra}drmdf} srkya| }k ba lkf}hfqdnnx kq} ki bkqfm| ki dfdnx|h| adrnhar ikr |salhihl

ikra|}|. ra'hfh}hd}hkf gdx ba dssrksrhd}a&


24/69

2= ~ S d e a

D fau |salha| h| nh|}am kr lrh}hldn `dbh}d} h| ma|hefd}am }`d} gdx ba diial}am bx }à dl}hkf&

Dl}hkf?

4& Ra'hfh}hd}hkf uhnn kllqr d} }à nkldn+ raehkfdn nayan kr uh}` |salha| nadm|+lkkrmhfd}kr| ikr

uhma rdfehfe |salha| q|hfe |hghndr srk}klkn| kq}nhfam uh}`hf }à BD&

2& Ra|qn}| ki lkf|qn}d}hkf uhnn ba ra}dhfam nkldnnx dfm |af} }k UK']A\ Srkerdg Gdfdear&


25/69

21 ~ S d e a

Srkla|| ikr Dmmafmqg| }k }à Fd}hkfdn Srkerdggd}hl Lkf|qn}d}hkf

Hi }àra dra fala||drx l`dfea| d} }à fd}hkfdn ikra|}+erd||ndfm nayan bd|am kf nkldn lkfmh}hkf|. u`hl` mk

fk} }rheear }à ra'hfh}hd}hkf dl}hkf| ma|lrhbam dbkya. }à nkldn qfh}| uhnn dmmra|| }`k|a l`dfea|& ]`h|

dl}hkf uhnn ra|qn} hf dmmafmqg| }k Fd}hkfdn Srkerdggd}hl BD (u`hl` uhnn hflnqma

mklqgaf}d}hkf+lkf|qn}d}hkf| uh}` nkldn raeqnd}krx deaflha|& Dnn l`dfea| uhnn ba }rdljam d} }à raehkfdn

nayan ]A\ |salha| lkkrmhfd}kr| dfm ra}dhfam d} }à nkldn nayan kr hf ld|a| uh}` uhma rdfehfe |salha| uh}`

}à |salha| nadm&

]à dmmafmqg srkla|| uhnn ba q|am ikr }à iknnkuhfe?

4& ]àra dra dmmh}hkfdn |salha| nkld}hkf| kr dmmh}hkf| kr l`dfea| }k lrh}hldn `dbh}d}&

2& Qsmd}am kr lkrral}am hfikrgd}hkf ikr d nkldn fd}hkfdn ikra|} +erd||ndfm h| ranaydf}: ikr hf|}dfla.

l`dfea hf gdsshfe ki dykhmdfla drad| mqa }k nkldn lkfmh}hkf|?

d& Ikr ud}ar. F@M ndxar gq|} ba q|am d| bd|a ndxar bq} dmoq|}gaf}| uh}`hf }`h| ndxar gdx

ba dssnham d| sar}hfaf} (a&e& hf}argh}}af}+mrx ud|à|. mhyar|hkf|. kr hrrhed}hkf mh}là|.

b& L`dfea| hf |hza kr ragkydn ki lqrraf} }arra|}rhdn dykhmdfla drad| }k dnnku ikr srk}al}hkf

ki |salha| kr `dbh}d} uh}` }à q|a ki darhdn dssnhld}hkf ki ihra ra}drmdf} mqa }k l`dfea hf

lkfmh}hkf|.l& Dmoq|}gaf}| }k }à dykhmdfla drad gdsshfe a&e& ramql}hkf ki |}dfmdrm


26/69

29 ~ S d e a

Srkla|| ikr Dmmafmqg| }k }à Fd}hkfdn Bhknkehldn Aydnqd}hkf| ikr \af|h}hya \salha|

Hi }àra dra fala||drx l`dfea| d} }à fd}hkfdn ikra|}+erd||ndfm nayan bd|am kf nkldn lkfmh}hkf|. }à qfh}|

uhnn dmmra|| }`k|a l`dfea| uh}` }à iknnkuhfe srkla|| nh|}am banku& ]`h| dl}hkf uhnn ra|qn} hf dmmafmqg|

}k Fd}hkfdn Srkerdggd}hl BA|& Dnn l`dfea| uhnn ba }rdljam d} }à nkldn dfm raehkfdn nayan ]A\ |salha|

lkkrmhfd}kr|& Dfx l`dfea| }k srkerdggd}hl BA uhnn ba ra}dhfam d} }à nkldn kr raehkfdn nayan&

]à dmmafmqg srkla|| uhnn ba q|am ikr }à iknnkuhfe?

4& ]àra h| d l`dfea hf nh|}hfe |}d}q| irkg |af|h}hya }k ldfmhmd}a& Hi ldfmhmd}a |salha| h| anayd}am }k

srksk|am |salha| raiar }k ra'hfh}hd}hkf ki lkf|qn}d}hkf dbkya (srksk|am |salha| uara lkf|hmaram

uh}`hf }à ikrgdn lkf|qn}d}hkf&

d& Hi }à |salha| h| nhgh}am }k d |hfena ikra|}. }àf }à nkldn qfh} |`kqnm lkfmql} d

ma}arghfd}hkf dfdnx|h| q|hfe }à fd}hkfdn |lraafhfe srkla||a| kq}nhfam hf }à ra|kqrla

|salhihl BA| dfm IAH\ d| d lkdr|a ihn}ar& Ikr uhnmnhia. }`h| ukqnm ba q|hfe }à |lraafhfe

srkla|| kq}nhfam hf }à IAH\. Dssafmhp H ' uhnmnhia. kf sdea|


27/69

25 ~ S d e a

L`ds}ar 9& Gh|dssnhld}hkf Raskr}hfe dfm Gkfh}krhfe

Srkla|| ki Raskr}hfe ki Gh|dssnhld}hkf ki Darhdn Dssnhld}hkf ki Ihra Ra}drmdf}

]à Ikra|} \aryhla dljfkunamea| }`d} gh|dssnhld}hkf| `dya kllqrram dfm nhjanx uhnn hf }à iq}qra mqa }k

uad}àr. yh|hbhnh}x. shnk} arrkr. }kskerds`x. kr k}àr lkfmh}hkf|& ]à Ikra|} \aryhla lkf}hfqa| }k raskr}

dnn gh|dssnhld}hkf| hf ud}arudx| dfm gdssam dykhmdfla drad| }k aydnqd}a aiial}|& ]à srkla||a| hf }à

ayaf} ki d gh|dssnhld}hkf dra kq}nhfam hf Iheqra| 2 dfm


28/69

20 ~ S d e a

Iheqra 2& Gh|dssnhld}hkf ki Ihra Ra}drmdf} Srkla|| ikr Raskr}hfe dfm Gkfh}krhfe


29/69

28 ~ S d e a

Raskr}hfe Srkla||Manhyarx ki darhdn ihra ra}drmdf} ikqfm

hf ud}arudx kr dykhmdfla drad

Fk}hix Hflhmaf} Lkggdfmar

Ikrg dfm d||a||gaf} |af} }k G]ML'

UIL\

Lkf}dl}| Ra|kqrla Dmyh|kr+Ikra|} Bhknkeh|}}k lkfmql} d||a||gaf} ki hgsdl}|

Raskr}hfe ikrglkgsna}am

D||a||gaf} Srkla||Hi dmyar|a hgsdl}| ikqfm. }àf ma}arghfa

hi hflhmaf} }dja `d| kllqrram

Fk}hix nkldn IU\+FKDD kiihla:ma}arghfa dssrksrhd}a gad|qra }k

dnnayhd}a hgsdl}| dfm ikr gkfh}krhfe

Ikrg dfm d||a||gaf} |af} }k G]ML'UIL\

Raskr} dffqdnnx }`rkqe` fd}hkfdn ]A\lkkrmhfd}kr dfm uh}` Q\IU\+FKDD Ih|àrha|

Gdx faam }klkkrmhfd}a uh}`

k}àrikra|}(|+raehkf(|

Iheqra


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40/69

=3 ~ S d e a

2& \h}a D||a||gaf} ki Hgsdl}| Ikrg(|


41/69

=4 ~ S d e a

hh& }à ra|qn}| ki fau ih|` }kphlh}x. dfm

hhh& dfx dl}hkf| }à Ikra|} \aryhla }kkj kr hf}afm }k }dja }k ghfhghza }à apsk|qra

ki nh|}am ih|` |salha| }k ihra ra}drmdf}|. dfm ramqla }à |ayarh}x ki }àhr

apsk|qra&


42/69

=2 ~ S d e a

L`ds}ar 8& Tqa|}hkf| dfm Df|uar|

T? U`d} mk H mk hi }àra h| d gh|dssnhld}hkf hf df dykhmdfla drad;

D& @ara| }à |hgsna srkla|| ikr mklqgaf}hfe d gh|dssnhld}hkf?

4& Ihr|}. ma}arghfa hi h} h| |dia }k af}ar }à drad uàf }à darhdn dssnhld}hkf ki ihra

ra}drmdf} `d| kllqrram

2& Ldnlqnd}a }à dgkqf} ki drad (|hza ki lkyardea hf }à dykhmdfla drad kr ud}arudx uh}`

ra}drmdf} dfm hi sk||hbna. a|}hgd}a }à dgkqf} ki lkyardea ki ra}drmdf}


43/69

=< ~ S d e a

T? U`d} hi }à ikra|} udf}| }k dmm. ragkya kr l`dfea }à |hza dfm |`dsa ki df dykhmdfla

drad;

D? Dykhmdfla drad gds| ldf ba qsmd}am kr dmoq|}am ikr ]ASL\ |salha| kr ma|hefd}am lrh}hldn `dbh}d}| bx

Ikra|} \qsaryh|kr| hf lkf|qn}d}hkf uh}` IU\ kr FKDD Ih|àrha| d| fala||drx& Gdsshfe l`dfea| dra

dnnkuam hi }àx mk fk} lrad}a dmmh}hkfdn dmyar|a aiial}| }`df u`d} ud| dfdnxzam hf }à Bhknkehldn

D||a||gaf}| kr l`dfea }à dfdnx|h| lkfmql}am kr ma}arghfd}hkf| gdma hf }à Bhknkehldn Kshfhkf|& Raiar

}k L`ds}ar ='Ra|kqrla \salhdnh|}|. Srkla|| ikr Dmmafmqg| }k }à Fd}hkfdn Srkerdggd}hl Lkf|qn}d}hkf&

Raiar }k L`ds}ar 2 dfm dssafmhp D ikr ma}dhnam hf|}rql}hkf| ikr mayankshfe dfm qsnkdmhfe EH\ ndxar| }k

}à fd}hkfdn md}dbd|a&

T? U`hl` okb lkma mk H bhnn }k;

D? Hi d gh|dssnhld}hkf h| mh|lkyaram mqrhfe }à ihra. hfmhyhmqdn| hfyknyam hf }à raskr}hfe dfm d||a||gaf}

|`kqnm l`drea }àhr }hga }k }à ihra| S'lkma& Hi gkfh}krhfe dfm gh}hed}hkf dra ratqhram. }à qfh} uh}`

}à ihra |`dnn ratqa|} d fau lkma irkg Ihralkma& ]à ihra fdga snq| IR Gkfh}krhfe uhnn ba }à fdga ki}à S'lkma dfm dnn lk|}| diihnhd}am uh}` }à sndf dfm ukrj d||klhd}am uh}` }à sndf uhnn ba l`dream }k }`h|

lkma&

T? @ku mk H jfku hi H ldf dssnx darhdn ihra ra}drmdf} uh}`hf df hf}argh}}af} |}radg;

D? Hi d |}radg h| lnd||hiham d| hf}argh}}af} kf }à F@M ndxar dfm?

`d| yh|hbna UD]AR.


44/69

== ~ S d e a

T? @ku mk H mklqgaf} }`d} ua `dya ga} kqr dffqdn kbnhed}hkf ki lkkrmhfd}hfe uh}` }à

raeqnd}krx deaflha| dfm ku h| }`h| srkla|| lkgsna}am;

D? H} h| ralkggafmam }`d} }à Ikra|} mklqgaf}| adl` gaa}hfe md}a. jaas| d sdr}hlhsdf} |hef hf |àa}.

dfm nh|} ki }kshl| mh|lq||am kf d ikrg& ]à ikra|}| jaas| }à krhehfdn. |afm| d lksx }k }à nkldn IU\.

dfm+kr FKDD dfm |afm| d lksx }k raehkfdn+fd}hkfdn I\ lkkrmhfd}kr| hi ratqa|}am&

H} h| dn|k ralkggafmam }`d} }à|a gaa}hfe| ba mkfa adrnx hf }à sra'|ad|kf kr d} }à |dga }hga ki xadr

adl` xadr hf lkkrmhfd}hkf uh}` bk}` bhknkehldn dfm ihra ra|kqrla| }kea}àr d| gql` d| sk||hbna&

T? @ku mk H jfku hi ua faam }k ra'hfh}hd}a lkf|qn}d}hkf kr srkyhma dfm dmmafmqg }k }à

BD+BK uh}` }à raeqnd}krx deaflha|?

D? Raiar }k L`ds}ar 1 ' Ra|kqrla \salhdnh|}|. |al}hkf| kf Ra'hfh}hd}hkf ki Lkf|qn}d}hkf ikr }à Fd}hkfdn

BD. dfm Srkla|| ikr Dmmafmqg| }k }à Fd}hkfdn BD&

T& Uhnn H ba ànm nhdbna hi H hfykja }à aplas}hkf dfm |salha| gkr}dnh}x kllqr| mqa }k }à darhdn

dssnhld}hkf ki ihra ra}drmdf};

D& Fk. }à hflhmaf} lkggdfmar `d| }à dq}`krh}x }k hfykja }à aplas}hkf uàf `qgdf nhia kr sqbnhl

|dia}x h| }`rad}afam dfm }à q|a ki ihra ra}drmdf} h| rad|kfdbnx apsal}am }k dnnayhd}a }à |h}qd}hkf& ]à

aplas}hkf| faam }k ba raskr}am d| uann&

T? H dg d shnk} dfm H mrks d nkdm ki ra}drmdf} ah}àr hf ud}arudx. bqiiar. kr k}àr dykhmdfla

drad& Uhnn H ba ànm dllkqf}dbna kr nhdbna baldq|a ki }à gh|dssnhld}hkf;

D& ]à Ikra|} \aryhla ralkefhza| }`d} gh|dssnhld}hkf| uhnn kllqr dfm mh|lq||am }`h| uh}` }à Raeqnd}krxdeaflha|& Xkq uhnn fk} ba ànm dllkqf}dbna kr nhdbna ikr d gh|dssnhld}hkf hf df dykhmdfla drad kr

ud}arudx (hflnqmhfe bqiiar& Snad|a ba |qra }k raskr} dfx gh|dssnhld}hkf&


45/69

=1 ~ S d e a

Enk||drx

Dfl`kr Skhf} Df dmydf}deakq| nkld}hkf. q|qdnnx d bdrrhar }k ihra |sradm. irkg u`hl` }k |}dr}

lkf|}rql}hfe d ihranhfa& ]à dfl`kr skhf} h| q|am }k ghfhghza }à l`dfla ki bahfe indfjam bx }à ihra u`hna

}à nhfa h| bahfe lkf|}rql}am&

Dykhmdfla Drad| D srk}al}hkf drad |qrrkqfmhfe d nh|}am |salha| mayanksam }k gh}hed}a kr dykhm sk||hbna

hgsdl}| ldq|am bx df dl}hkf: fk'mrks zkfa ikr darhdn ra}drmdf} q|a&

Bhknkehldn D||a||gaf} D mklqgaf} srasdram ikr Ih|` dfm Uhnmnhia \aryhla \al}hkf 5 lkf|qn}d}hkf

srkla|| }k ma}arghfa uà}àr d srksk|am gdokr lkf|}rql}hkf dl}hyh}x qfmar }à dq}`krh}x ki d Iamardn

dl}hkf deaflx h| nhjanx }k dmyar|anx diial} nh|}am |salha|. srksk|am |salha|. kr ma|hefd}am lrh}hldn `dbh}d}&

Bhknkehldn Kshfhkf D mklqgaf} srasdram bx }à Ih|` dfm Uhnmnhia \aryhla }`d} h| }à srkmql} ki ikrgdn

lkf|qn}d}hkf. |}d}hfe }à kshfhkf ki }à Ih|` dfm Uhnmnhia \aryhla kf uà}àr kr fk} d Iamardn dl}hkf h|

nhjanx }k oaksdrmhza }à lkf}hfqam aph|}afla ki nh|}am |salha| kr ra|qn} hf }à ma|}rql}hkf kr dmyar|a

gkmhihld}hkf ki lrh}hldn dbh}d}&

Bhknkehldn Aydnqd}hkf D mklqgaf} srasdram bx }à Ikra|} \aryhla }k rayhau sndffam. iqfmam. apalq}am.

kr sargh}}am srkerdg| dfm dl}hyh}ha| ikr sk||hbna aiial}| kf afmdfearam. }`rad}afam. srksk|am. kr |af|h}hya

|salha| (I\G 2952&=

Ldfmhmd}a |salha| Sndf}| dfm dfhgdn| }`d} `dya baaf |}qmham dfm }`d} }à Ih|` dfm Uhnmnhia \aryhla `d|

lkflnqmam |`kqnm ba srksk|am ikr dmmh}hkf }k }à Iamardn afmdfearam dfm }`rad}afam |salha| nh|}& ]à|a

|salha| `dya ikrgarnx baaf raiarram }k d| ld}aekrx 4 ldfmhmd}a |salha|&

Lkf|qn}d}hkf D ratqhragaf} ki }à Afmdfearam \salha| Dl} }`d} ratqhra| }à dl}hkf deaflx }k af}ar hf}k

mh|lq||hkf| uh}` d raeqnd}krx deaflx raedrmhfe }à sk}af}hdn aiial}| ki d srkoal} kf iamardnnx nh|}am

}`rad}afam kr afmdfearam |salha|: kllqr| uàf d srkoal} gdx diial} dfx |salha|& ]à deaflha| ukrj

}kea}àr }k gh}hed}am kr dykhm hgsdl}| }k }à |salha|&

Lrh}hldn `dbh}d} D| maihfam dfm q|am hf }à Afmdfearam \salha| Dl}. h| d |salhihl eakerds`hl drad(| }`d}lkf}dhf| iad}qra| a||af}hdn ikr }à lkf|aryd}hkf ki d }`rad}afam kr afmdfearam |salha| dfm }`d} gdx ratqhra

|salhdn gdfdeagaf} dfm srk}al}hkf&

Lqgqnd}hya Aiial}| ' Hgsdl}| kf afyhrkfgaf}| }`d} ra|qn} irkg }à hflragaf}dn hgsdl} ki df dl}hkf uàf

dmmam }k k}àr sd|}. sra|af}. dfm rad|kfdbnx ikra|aadbna iq}qra dl}hkf|& Lqgqnd}hya aiial}| ldf ra|qn} irkg

hfmhyhmqdnnx ghfkr bq} lknnal}hyanx |hefhihldf} dl}hkf| }djhfe sndla kyar d sarhkm ki }hga&

Ma}arghfd}hkf D malh|hkf gdma irkg dfdnx|h| ki hgsdl}| ki df dl}hkf kf d |salha|: ah}àr Fk Aiial} krGdx Diial}. u`hl` dra iqr}àr dfdnxzam hf}k dmyar|a kr fk} dmyar|a aiial}|&

Mhral} Aiial}| Aiial} }`d} dra ldq|am bx }à dl}hkf dfm kllqr d} }à |dga }hga dfm sndla&

Afmdfearam Dfx |salha| nh|}am hf }à Iamardn Raeh|}ar d| bahfe hf mdfear ki ap}hfl}hkf }`rkqe`kq} dnn kr

d |hefhihldf} skr}hkf ki h}| rdfea&


46/69

=9 ~ S d e a

Afmdfearam \salha| Dl} (A\D D ndu sd||am hf 485< }k lkf|arya |salha| ki uhnmnhia dfm sndf}|

ma}arghfam bx }à Mhral}kr ki }à Ih|` dfm Uhnmnhia \aryhla kr }à Fd}hkfdn Gdrhfa Ih|àrha| }k ba

afmdfearam kr }`rad}afam uh}` ap}hfl}hkf hf dnn kr d |hefhihldf} skr}hkf ki h}| rdfea& Dgkfe k}àr

gad|qra|. A\D ratqhra| dnn iamardn deaflha| }k lkf|arya }à|a |salha| dfm lkf|qn} uh}` }à Ih|` dfm

Uhnmnhia \aryhla kr Fd}hkfdn Gdrhfa Ih|àrha| kf iamardn dl}hkf| }`d} gdx diial} }à|a |salha| kr }àhr

ma|hefd}am lrh}hldn dbh}d}&

ASD Q\ Afyhrkfgaf}dn Srk}al}hkf Deaflx

Ark|hkf ]à uadrhfe dudx ki }à ndfm |qridla bx rqffhfe ud}ar. uhfm. hla. erdyh}x. kr k}àr eaknkehldn

dl}hyh}ha|: ldf ba dllanard}am kr hf}af|hiham bx `qgdf dl}hyh}ha| }`d} ramqla }à |}dbhnh}x ki |nksa| kr |khn|&

Iamardnnx Nh|}am \salha| Ikrgdnnx nh|}am d| d }`rad}afam kr afmdfearam |salha| qfmar }à A\D&

Ma|hefd}hkf| dra gdma bx }à Ih|` dfm Uhnmnhia \aryhla kr Fd}hkfdn Gdrhfa Ih|àrha| \aryhla&

Ihra Gdfdeagaf} Sndf D |}rd}aehl sndf }`d} maihfa| d srkerdg }k gdfdea uhnmndfm dfm sra|lrhbam ihra|

dfm mklqgaf}| }à Ihra Gdfdeagaf} Srkerdg hf }à dssrkyam ndfm q|a sndf& ]à sndf h| |qssnagaf}am bx

ksard}hkfdn sndf| |ql` d| srasdramfa|| sndf|. srasndffam mh|sd}l` sndf|. sra|lrhbam ihra sndf|. dfm

srayaf}hkf sndf| (Hf}ardeaflx Hgsnagaf}d}hkf Eqhma. 4880&

ISQ Ihra Sndffhfe Qfh}

@dbh}d} ]à sndla uàra d sksqnd}hkf (a&e&. `qgdf. dfhgdn. sndf}. ghlrkkredfh|g nhya| dfm h}|

|qrrkqfmhfe|. bk}` nhyhfe dfm fkf'nhyhfe&

HD Hfh}hdn D}}dlj

Hfmhral} Aiial}| ]`k|a dra ldq|am bx }à dl}hkf dfm dra nd}ar hf }hga kr idr}àr ragkyam hf mh|}dfla. bq}

dra |}hnn rad|kfdbnx ikra|aadbna& Hfmhral} aiial}| gdx hflnqma erku}` hfmqlhfe aiial}| dfm k}àr aiial}|

rand}am }k hfmqlam l`dfea| hf }à sd}}arf ki ndfm q|a. sksqnd}hkf maf|h}x kr erku}` rd}a. dfm rand}am aiial}|kf dhr dfm ud}ar dfm k}àr fd}qrdn |x|}ag|. hflnqmhfe alk|x|}ag|&

Hf}argh}}af} \}radg D |}radg }`d} ldrrha| ud}ar d lkf|hmardbna skr}hkf ki }à }hga. bq} }`d} lad|a| }k

inku klld|hkfdnnx kr |ad|kfdnnx baldq|a bam |aasdea dfm aydsk}rdf|shrd}hkf aplaam }à dydhndbna ud}ar

|qssnx&

NDD Nhjanx }k dmyar|anx diial} d |salha| nh|}am qfmar }à Afmdfearam \salha| Dl}&

Gh|dssnhld}hkf Gh|dssnhld}hkf? ]à dllhmaf}dn darhdn dssnhld}hkf ki ihra ra}drmdf} hf}k d ud}arudx.

uh}`hf }à


47/69

=5 ~ S d e a

Saraffhdn \}radg D |}radg }`d} lkf}dhf| ud}ar d} dnn }hga| aplas} mqrhfe ap}raga mrkqe`}&

Rhsdrhdf ]à drad dmodlaf} }k d |}radg. ud}arbkmx kr ua}ndfm& Sar}dhfhfe }k drad| ki ndfm mhral}nx

hfinqaflam bx ud}ar& Rhsdrhdf drad| q|qdnnx `dya yh|hbna yaea}d}hya kr s`x|hldn l`drdl}arh|}hl| rainal}hfe

}`h| ud}ar hfinqafla& \}radg|hma|. ndja bkrmar|. kr gdr|à| dra }xshldn rhsdrhdf drad|&

\AD] \hfena'Afehfa Dhr ]dfjar

\af|h}hya \salha| ]`k|a sndf} dfm dfhgdn |salha| hmaf}hiham bx d ZQ&\& Ikra|} \aryhlaW raehkfdn ikra|}ar

ikr u`hl` sksqnd}hkf yhdbhnh}x h| d lkflarf. d| ayhmaflam bx?

d& \hefhihldf} lqrraf} kr sramhl}am mkufudrm }rafm| hf sksqnd}hkf fqgbar| kr maf|h}x&

b& \hefhihldf} lqrraf} kr sramhl}am mkufudrm }rafm| hf `dbh}d} ldsdbhnh}x }`d} ukqnm ramqla d

|salha| aph|}hfe mh|}rhbq}hkf (I\G 2953&1&

]`rad}afam ]à lnd||hihld}hkf srkyhmam }k df dfhgdn kr sndf} nhjanx }k balkga afmdfearam uh}`hf }à

ikra|aadbna iq}qra }`rkqe`kq} dnn kr d |hefhihldf} skr}hkf ki h}| rdfea&

]rheear D raskr} ki gh|dssnhld}hkf. uàra }àra h| df diial} }k }`rad}afam dfm afmdfearam |salha|.

ratqhra| lkf|qn}d}hkf uh}` }à ikra|}+Ih|` dfm Uhnmnhia \aryhla+Fd}hkfdn Kladfhl Gdrhfa Ih|àrha| }k

ma}arghfa }à dssrksrhd}a ra|}rhl}hkf kf q|a ki iq}qra dssnhld}hkf hf }à drad (|salha| masafmaf}&

Q\E\ Q&\& Eaknkehldn \qryax

UIM\\ Uhnmihra Malh|hkf \qsskr} \x|}ag

Ud}ar Tqdnh}x D }arg q|am }k ma|lrhba }à làghldn. s`x|hldn. dfm bhknkehldn l`drdl}arh|}hl| ki ud}ar.

Ud}arudx Dfx bkmx ki ud}ar hflnqmhfe ndja|. rhyar|. |}radg| dfm skfm| uà}àr kr fk} }àx lkf}dhfdtqd}hl nhia&


48/69

=0 ~ S d e a

Dssafmhp D& Lkgsdrh|kf ki 2333 Eqhmanhfa| hflnqmhfe }`a 2330 RSD|

dfm Fau Mhral}hkf

Dl}hkf| 2333 Eqhmanhfa| dfm 2330 RSD| Fau Mhral}hkf

Aplas}hkf| ikr

Ra}drmdf} Q|a

]`raa Aplas}hkf|?

Ikr nhia dfm srksar}x. ndlj ki erkqfm

sar|kffan. k}`ar ydnqdbna ra|kqrla|

(ldgserkqfm|. sndf}d}hkf|. h|}krhldn

|}rql}qra| a}l&

Kfa Aplas}hkf?

Ikr srk}al}hkf ki `qgdf nhia kr sqbnhl

|dia}x

Dhrlrdi}

Ksard}hkfdn

Eqhmdfla

2333 Eqhmanhfa| ikr Darhdn Manhyarx ki

Ra}drmdf} kr Ikdg?


49/69

=8 ~ S d e a

Dl}hkf| 2333 Eqhmanhfa| dfm 2330 RSD| Fau Mhral}hkf

Gkfh}krhfe Kfnx hi gh|dssnhld}hkf hf}k ud}arudx|

dfm ])A |salha| d||klhd}am uh}` 2330

Bhknkehldn Kshfhkf| kr hi faamam uh}`

agareaflx lkf|qn}d}hkf srkla||

4& Gkfh}krhfe ki gh|dssnhld}hkf|}`d} kllqr hf dykhmdfla drad|

2& Gkfh}krhfe ki 1! ki dnn ihra|

>


50/69

13 ~ S d e a

Dssafmhp B& Raskr}hfe dfm Gkfh}krhfe Raskr}hfe ]kkn|

]`a iknnkuhfe dra apdgsna| ki }`a Raskr}hfe dfm Gkfh}krhfe ikrg| ikr gh|dssnhld}hkf hf}k dykhmdfla

drad|. d||a||gaf} ki hgsdl}| dfm gkfh}krhfe ki ihra| na|| }`df


51/69

14 ~ S d e a

Hf}ardeaflx Uhnmndfm Ihra Gh|dssnhld}hkf

Raskr}hfeSdea Fqgbar| kf Ikrg| dra |asdrd}anx fqgbaram

Fk}a? Dnn ikrg| dra hf }à srkla|| ki bahfe lkfyar}am }k kf'nhfa ikrg| ikr ad|a ki raskr}hfe dfm md}d

}rdljhfe& Snad|a làlj uab|h}auuu&i|&iam&q|+ihra+ra}drmdf} ikr lqrraf} qsmd}a| }k }à|a ikrg|&
http://www.fs.fed.us/fire/retardanthttp://www.fs.fed.us/fire/retardanthttp://www.fs.fed.us/fire/retardant


52/69

12 ~ S d e a


53/69

1< ~ S d e a


54/69

1= ~ S d e a


55/69

11 ~ S d e a

D||a||gaf} ki Ihra| Na|| }`df


56/69

19 ~ S d e a


57/69

15 ~ S d e a


58/69

10 ~ S d e a

\h}a D||a||gaf} ki Hgsdl}| hf ]arra|}rhdn dfm Dtqd}hl

Dykhmdfla Drad|

Raskr}hfe dfm Gkfh}krhfe ki Gh|dssnhld}hkf ki Darhdnnx'Dssnham Ihra Ra}drmdf} Kfnx


59/69

18 ~ S d e a


60/69

93 ~ S d e a


61/69

94 ~ S d e a


62/69

92 ~ S d e a


63/69

9< ~ S d e a


64/69

9= ~ S d e a


65/69

91 ~ S d e a


66/69

99 ~ S d e a


67/69

95 ~ S d e a

Dssafmhp L& Darhdn Ihra Ra}drmdf} Hgsnagaf}d}hkf Srkla|| ]rdljhfe

HGSNAGAF]D]HKF KI SRKLA\\A\ IKR DARHDN IHRA RA]DRMDF] MHRAL]HKF

Srkla|| d} Ikra|} Nayan Nkldn+Raehkfdn

Hfyknyagaf}

U`k Xdrm| }`a

Hfik Fd}hkfdnnx

Raskr}| }k dfm Ihfdn

Hfikrgd}hkf Rask|h}krx

Fk}a|

Darhdn Ra}drmdf} Q|a bx Ikra|} Ikra|} Nayan UK+IDG UK'IDG. UK']A\. UK'IDG gdx kr gdx fk} |afm bdlj }k

raehkf|& Dn|k md}d q|am d} Fd}hkfdn Nayan ikr

1'xadr srkerdggd}hl rayhau ki }`a BD

D||a||gaf} ki Ihra| Na|| }`df


68/69

90 ~ S d e a

Dssafmhp M& \qggdrx ki Ihra Ks| dfm RADM| Ra|skf|hbhnh}ha|

Ihra Ks|

Dffqdn Rayhau? Sdr} ki sra'|ad|kf srasdramfa|| Rayhau dykhmdfla drad gds|' qsmd}a| }k gds| bx adrnx Odfqdrx bx Ikra|} Bhknkeh|}. dfm

IGK q|hfe srayhkq| xadr| hfikrgd}hkf. }`h| |`kqnm kfnx }dja 4'2 mdx| }k ukrj uh}` EH\

}k srkmqla fau gds|& \kga Raehkf| sndf }k mk }`h| d} }à Raehkfdn Nayan }k gdhf}dhf

lkf|h|}aflx&

Rayhau dhrlrdi} ksard}hkf mhral}hkf dfm shnk} mhral}hkf

Rayhau ki raskr}hfe srkla|| ikr gh|dssnhld}hkf|

Rayhau ki Bhknkehldn D||a||gaf}+Kshfhkf| dfm gkfh}krhfe srkla||

Hmadnnx dnn }à|a rayhau| lkqnm ba mkfa d} }à |dga }hga hf kfa gaa}hfe uh}` Ihra. Ra|kqrla|.

dfm IU\+FGI\ deaflha|&

Ndrea Ihra Gkfh}krhfe ikr gh|dssnhld}hkf hf}k dykhmdfla drad dfm iknnku raskr}hfe srklamqra|&

Gkfh}krhfe ki 1! ki ihra| na|| }`df


69/69

\h}a D||a||gaf} ki Hgsdl}| hi gh|dssnhld}hkf kllqr| uh}`hf dykhmdfla drad| dfm jfkunamea ki

|salha| |salhihl gkfh}krhfe ratqhragaf}| uh}`hf }à Bhknkehldn D||a||gaf}+Aydnqd}hkf|.

Lkf|aryd}hkf Gad|qra|. Hflhmaf}dn ]dja \}d}agaf}| hflnqmhfe Rad|kfdbna dfm Srqmaf}

Gad|qra|+]arg| dfm Lkfmh}hkf| uh}`hf }à Bhknkehldn Kshfhkf| ikr |salha| kllqrrhfe kf nkldn

qfh}|&

Lkkrmhfd}a d| fala||drx uh}` I\ ]A\ |salha| nadm| ikr srasdrd}hkf ki dmmafmqg| }k }à

D||a||gaf}|. Aydnqd}hkf| kr ra'hfh}hd}hkf ki lkf|qn}d}hkf hi fala||drx d} }à nkldn nayan&

implementation guide for aerial applicationof fire retardant

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