Impacts of Climate Change on

Water Resources in the

Philippines

Workshop on Hydrologic Data Management and

Modelling in South East Asia

University of Malaya City Campus

July 20-24, 2009

Presented by:SUSAN P. ABANONational Water Resources BoardPhilippines

Presentation Outline :

The National Water Resources Board

Water Resources Situation

Impacts of Climate Change in Water Resources

Response to Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources

Challenges

Water for AllWater for Food Water for Domestic

Water Supply and

Sanitation

Water for

Environment

Water for Economic Development

The National Water Resources Board

National Coordinating and Regulating Agency

on water resources management and

development activities.

Our Vision:

The National Water

Resources Board

PD 424 creating the NWRC (1974)

PD 1067 The Water

Code of the Philippines

(1976)

PD 1206 assigned the

residual functions of

the Board of

Waterworks and the

defunct Public Service

Commission to NWRB

EO 124-A converted NWRC

to NWRB (1987); transferred

hydrologic functions to BRS -

DPWH

EO 123 reconstituted

the NWRB Board;

transferring NWRB to

DENR and transferring

regulatory functions of

LWUA to NWRB (2002)

Policy Formulation and

Coordination

Regulation of Water Use

Regulation of Private Water Service Providers

Legal Mandate/Major Functions

Functional Chart of Water Related Agencies

NAPC-WASCO

DOF-CDA

DBP DAR

DPWH MWSS

LWUA-WDs

PTA HUDCC

DILG-PMO

PEZA LGUs

Water Supply

NIA DA

BSWM

Irrigation

DOE PSALM

NPC PEMC

Hydro Power

BFAR

Fisheries

DOST-

PCAFNRRD

ERDB

Research

PAF BSWM

Cloud Seeding

EMB DOH

BRL EHS

LGUs MWSS

LWUA-WDs

Water Quality &

Sanitation

FMB BSWM

NIA NPC

PAWB

Watershed

Management

NWRB BRS

NAMRIA LWUA

MGB PAGASA

MWSS NIA

Data

Collection

DPWH-PMO

OCD-NDCC

PAGASA

MMDA

Flood

Management

LLDA RDCs

BOI PEZA

RBCO

Integrated Area

Development

NEDA

Policy Making

NWRB

Coordination / Regulation

DENR

NEDA

DOF

DOJ

DOH

NHRC

Exec Dir, NWRB

Philippine Water Resources

Land area : 300,000 sq. km.

Annual Average rainfall :

2,400 mm

The Philippines has

12 Water Resources Regions

421 principal river basins

20 major river basins

72 lakes

Coastal bays and coastal

waters- 266,000 sq. km.

Dependable surface water

supply- 125,790 MCM/year

Groundwater potential is

around 20,200 MCM/year

IV: Southern Tagalog

I: Ilocos

III: Central Luzon

II: Cagayan Valley

V: Bicol

VII: Central

Visayas

VI: Western

Visayas

VIII: Eastern

Visayas

IX: Southwestern

Mindanao

XII: Southern

Mindanao

X: Northern

Mindanao

XI: Southeastern

Mindanao

Water Availability

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

WRR

1

WRR

2

WRR

3

WRR

4

WRR

5

WRR

6

WRR

7

WRR

8

WRR

9

WRR

10

WRR

11

WRR

12

Water Potential Projected Demand by 2025 Water Allocated as of Dec. 2007

Source: NWRB, List of Water Permittees, Dec. 2007

JICA Master Plan on Water Resources

Management in the Philippines, 1998

w/ current deficit

w/ future deficit

The Threats of Climate Change

and Global Warming

Global warming is the

rise in global

temperatures

Climate change, refers

to changes (at

different rates and

different ways) in

many climatic

factors such as

temperature and

precipitation

Increased

temperatures

Changing

Rainfall

Patterns

Sea level rise

National Scenario

Water supply to

Metro Manila,

the largest city

with 15 million

population

Irrigation to 27,000 has. of

farm lands in Bulacan and

Pampanga Provinces

Power generation for Luzon

Power Grid with maximum

output of 246 MW

Flood control to

Bulacan Province

Impacts on Water Resources

Reduced water flow affects reservoir storage (Angat Dam)

1. Water Supply

- Water rationing in Metro Manila

- Increase in the abstraction of water from groundwater sources

2. Irrigation

27,000 ha of agricultural lands have no access to irrigation water for 2 cropping seasons

3. Power Generation

Deficit

IMPACTS OF THE 1997-1998 EL NINO IN ANGAT DAM

Floods

Severe flooding occurs annually, affecting mainly lowland areas and high lying areas have experienced localized flooding

Landslides and flash floods have taken place on a large scale in mountainous areas

Areas most affected • Central Luzon• Parts of Metro Manila• Mindanao Source: NDCC-OCD

Seven extreme tropical

cyclone/southwest monsoon

induced extreme events

occurred in 1991 to late 2004

Extreme Events and Frequency

Impacts on Water Resources

Droughts

El Niño warming episodes occurs every 4 years on the average (1986-1987, 1991-1992 and 1997-1998)

Source: NDCC-OCD

The worst drought

occurred in 1997-

1998 El Niño,

resulted in severe

water shortage in

M.Mla

Extreme Events and Frequency

Impacts on Water Resources

Variation in streamflow and groundwater recharge affecting water quality and seasonal water availability

Impacts on Water Resources

Nine key urban centers were

identified with water constraint

50 rivers (12%) of the 421 rivers in

the country are considered

biologically dead

Only one third (36%) of our river

systems/surface water areas are

potential sources for drinking

water

58% of groundwater intended for

drinking water supplies are

contaminated with total coliform

Impacts on Water Resources

Sea Level Rise

increases salinity

(evident in coastal

municipalities in

Luzon, Visayas)LILOAN

CEBU CITY

MINGLANILLA

CEST, Incorporated

NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD 2004 SALINITY (EC) MAP FIGURE

5-19WATER RESOURCES

ASSESSMENT FOR PRIORITIZED CRITICAL AREAS

MACTAN ISLAND

MCC

N

0 1 2 3 4 5

SCALE IN KILOMETERS

LOCATION MAP

COMPOSTELA

580000 585000 590000 595000 600000 605000 610000

580000 585000 590000 595000 600000 605000 610000

11

35

00

01

14

00

00

11

45

00

01

15

00

00

11

55

00

01

16

00

00

11

65

00

01

17

00

00

11

35

00

01

14

00

00

11

45

00

01

15

00

00

11

55

00

01

16

00

00

11

65

00

01

17

00

00

560000 570000 580000 590000 600000 610000

560000 570000 580000 590000 600000 610000

11

100

00

112

000

011

300

00

11

400

00

115

000

01

16

000

01

170

000

11

80

00

0

11

100

00

112

000

011

300

00

11

400

00

115

000

01

16

000

01

170

000

11

80

00

0

MCC

MCM

MCN

MCS

11

89

00

0

617000556000

SIBONGA

CARCAR

SAN FERNANDO

MANDAWE

LILOAN

COMPOSTELA

DANAO CITY

CARMEN

CEBU CITY

NAGA

MINGLANILLA

TUBURAN

ASTURIAS

BALAMBAN

TOLEDO CITY

PINAMANGAHAN

ALOGUISAN

BARILI

MACTAN ISLAND

CONSOLACION

TALISAY

MCN

MCS

MCM

LEGEND:

- Approx. extents of aquifers

- Salinity Contour in EC (uS/cm.)

- Well

- MunicipalityMCM

- Metro Cebu NorthMCN

MCC

MCS

- Metro Cebu Central

- Metro Cebu South

- Metro Cebu Mactan

- Fresh Groundwater (EC<1500 uS/cm)

- Brackish GW (EC=1500-15000 uS/cm)

- Saline GW (EC>15000 uS/cm)

Note: Brackish - Blend of Salty and Fresh Groundwater

- Limit of Saltwater Encroachment

MANDAUE CITY

1000

1500

494

562

477

424

548

520

566

642

508

453

485

436

615

1800

1640

397462

495

21402590

696

593

631

628

622

1270

623

392 387

1060

535

453

655

607600

548 643

689

1440

1030

970

614

613

517497 497501

579

3540

561

594

960 990

910

740

711

503

506

1430

920

1038

1232

1243

1364925

980

1028

1105

940

8700

3020

1620

600

706867

83801756

1673

8661138

1465750

1307

2750

5580

4180

3140 3000

1180

17701770

704

532

382553

359

611

1100960

6275601045

960678

1020

1070

1120

1270

467

660680

1080

541598

616

1070822682

938

1136

959

1070854

1360

466476

460

495509

452910

523

601

614

557

584578605

742

1690

684

693

561

596

920

910

654

668677

543593

567483

492471

500

459

TALISAY

675581

387522

616

990

615 615

612

400

2000

CONSOLACION

DANAO

CARMEN

LAPU-LAPU CITY

CORDOVA

61

Response to Climate Change Impacts

on Water Resources

General Strategy for Water Resources:

Adoption of IWRM through the river basin approach or any appropriate planning area

Working together to

for all

secure sustainable water

The Integrated Water Resources

Management (IWRM)

Plan FrameworkManagement (IWRM)

Plan Framework

Management (IWRM) Management (IWRM)

Plan FrameworkPlan FrameworkSupported by:

It is a directional planto guide the different stakeholders involved in water resources management, at different levels to prepare respective IWRM Plans

Provides a clear roadmap and collaborative framework to encourage a wider adoption and localization of IWRM.

It is considered as a tool for climate

change adaptation strategy.

Its implementation assist communities to

adapt and improve resilience to changing

climatic conditions.

Adaptation measures include water

governance reform, institutional

development and capacity buiding.

Why IWRM?

NWRB Proposed Projects on Climate Change

Adaptation

Formulation of the National Water Resources Policy

Updating of water resources availability

Groundwater Vulnerability Mapping

Enhancement of Database and Information Sytems

Conduct of river basin studies and formulation of IWRM Plans.

Creation of the National Disaster and Coordinating Council (NDCC) of the Department of National Defense to act as the lead coordinating agency tasked to prepare and respond to disaster situations.

Implementation of the Clean Water Act of 2004 (DENR, DPWH, LWUA, LGUs and other concerned agencies)

Creation of the Presidential Task Force on Climate Change

On-going Water Agencies Climate Change

Initiatives

Climate Change Adaptation Strategies

Promoting awareness on climate variability and change and its impact (PAGASA and other concerned agencies)

Protection of Groundwater Resources (NWRB, LWUA, LGUs and concerned agencies)

Improved Management and Maintenance of Water Supply Systems (National Water Supply Roadmap spearheaded by NEDA and NEDA in coord. with concerned agencies)

Climate Change Adaptation Strategies

Public awareness and information

campaigns on water conservation

measures (DENR, LGUs and other

agencies)

Water policy reforms e.g. pricing

mechanisms etc. (NWRB and other

concerned agencies)

Climate Change Adaptation Strategies

Reiterate existing policy to prioritize abstraction from surface water to remove the pressures from groundwater (NWRB, MWSS and other agencies)

Encourage adoption of new environment-friendly technology for efficient water use and water conservation ( Eco-efficient water infrastructure- NEDA)

Capacity building programs for all levels of governance (Different concerned agencies)

Challenges

Implementation, Operationalization and

localization of IWRM

To develop champions to advocate for

climate change adaptation.

Improving the way we use and manage

our water today

NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD8th Floor, NIA Building, EDSA, Quezon City, Philippines

Telefax No. 02-9202641 / 02- 9202654

Website: www.nwrb.gov.ph

Email address: nwrbphil@gmail.com

THANK YOU