impact of technology and co on the future of system ... · glycol or co 2 +/-50% charge reduction...

Impact of Technology and CO2

on the Future of System

Architecture

E360 Forum • Chicago, IL • October 5, 2017

Derek GosselinDirector ─ Technical Product Support

Hillphoenix

Insight in Industry Trends and Changing Landscape

2

Regulatory and Legislative Landscape

Use existing Clean Air Act authority of Significant New Alternative

Policy (SNAP) program to approve climate-friendly chemicals,

prohibit some uses of most harmful chemical alternatives

Update (August 2017): The EPA’s ruling to ban the use of

high-GWP refrigerants R-404A and R-507A is in question by

the U.S. Court of Appeals.

3

Regulatory and Legislative Landscape (cont’d.)

The Short-Lived Climate Pollutant (SLCP) strategy website is online at: https://arb.ca.gov/cc/shortlived/shortlived.htm4

https://arb.ca.gov/cc/shortlived/shortlived.htm

Industry Trends and Refrigerant Update

5


Class Type Number

A1 HCFC R22 Freon-22 0.055

A1 HFC R404A R125/143a/134a, HP62 0

A1 HFC R507A R125/134a, AZ50 0

A1 HFC R407A R32/125/134a 0

A1 HFC R407F/C R32/125/134a 0

A1 HFC 134A Single Component Refrigerant 0High Pressure HFC A1 HFC R410A R125/32, AZ-20, Puron 0

A1 HFO/HFC R450A N13-1234ze/R134a 0

A1 HFO/HFC 513A XP10-1234yf/R134a 0

A1 HFO/HFC R448A N40 Honeywell 0

A1 HFO/HFC R449A XP40 Chemours 0

A1 CO2 R744 CO2 0

B2L NH3 R717 Ammonia 0

A3 HC R290 Propane 0

A3 HC R600a Isobutane 0

A3 HC R1270 Propylene 0

ODP

Past

Current

New & Retrofit

Blends

Natural Fluids

StatusRefrigerant

Other Names/ComponentsClass Type Number

A1 HCFC R22 Freon-22 0.055 1810

A1 HFC R404A R125/143a/134a, HP62 0 3922

A1 HFC R507A R125/134a, AZ50 0 3985

A1 HFC R407A R32/125/134a 0 2107

A1 HFC R407F/C R32/125/134a 0 1825/1744

A1 HFC 134A Single Component Refrigerant 0 1430High Pressure HFC A1 HFC R410A R125/32, AZ-20, Puron 0 2088 (675)

A1 HFO/HFC R450A N13-1234ze/R134a 0 547

A1 HFO/HFC 513A XP10-1234yf/R134a 0 631

A1 HFO/HFC R448A N40 Honeywell 0 1273

A1 HFO/HFC R449A XP40 Chemours 0 1397

A1 CO2 R744 CO2 0 1

B2L NH3 R717 Ammonia 0 <1

A3 HC R290 Propane 0 ≈3-20

A3 HC R600a Isobutane 0 ≈3-20

A3 HC R1270 Propylene 0 ≈3-20

ODP GWP

Past

Current

New & Retrofit

Blends

Natural Fluids

StatusRefrigerant

Other Names/Components


HFC

HFC/HFO

NATURAL

Refrigerant Impacts on System Architectures

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System Architectures to Reduce or Eliminate High-GWP Refrigerants

Distributed

100% HFC

charge

Reduced GWP with

HFO blends

Secondary

Glycol or CO2

+/-50% charge

reduction with ability

to use natural

refrigerant

CO2

CascadeCO2

Booster

100% natural

refrigerant

60 to 70% charge

reduction with

ability to use

natural refrigerant

Micro

Distributed

Small charged,

Glycol-cooled,

self-contained

9

Why CO2 as a Refrigerant?

ODP GWP

CO2 R744 0 1

HCFC R22 0.05 1810

HFC R404A 0 3922

HFC R407A 0 2107

HFO R448A 0 1273

HFO R449A 0 1397

NH3 R717 0 0

ASHRAE classified A1 refrigerant

Refrigerant

Environmental Impact

Benefits of CO2

1 - GWP (Global Warming Potential)

0 - ODP (Ozone Depleting Potential)

Non-Toxic and Non-Flammable

HFC R507A

HFC R404A

HFC R410A

CO2 R744

NH3 R717

77.5

93.1

245.0

588.8

Increases coil efficiency, lower TD

System Efficiency

Refrigerant

High Cooling Capacity

Smaller compressors & line sizing

Less refrigerant

High Density

Cooling Capacity

(BTU/lb)75.4

1010

CO2 Booster Architecture

Benefits of CO2 Booster Technology

• HFC-free system; CO2 only

• CO2 is a natural refrigerant; GWP=1

• High-quality heat reclaim opportunities

• Simple oil management system

• Electronic expansion valves in all cases

• Familiar components to traditional DX system

• Low-temp system very similar to cascade system

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SN Advansor™ CO2 Booster Technology

FLASH TANK

(INTERCOOLER)

HIGH PRESSURE

EXPANSION VALVE

FLASH GAS

CONTROL

VALVE

SUBCRITICAL COMPRESSORSSLHE

LT DISPLAY

CASES

EEV

TRANSCRITICAL COMPRESSORS

MT DISPLAY

CASES

GAS COOLER AND

HEAT RECLAIM LOADS

EEV

Gas Cooler/Condenser

High-Pressure

Control Valve

Flash Tank (Receiver)

Flash Gas

By-pass

ValveEEVs and Case Controller

12

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Acceptance and Growth of CO2 Booster Technology

Advancements in Technology

Growth of CO2 Booster Architecture in North America

Continuous Advancement in CO2 Booster Warm Climate Technologies

High

Pressure

CO2 Inlet

Lower Pressure

CO2 Inlet

Intermediate

Pressure

CO2 Outlet

Gas Ejector Systems

Work in combination with parallel compression

Peak savings 15–23%; annual savings 8–10%

Adiabatic Gas Coolers

Peak savings 20–30+%

Annual savings 8–12%

Parallel Compression Systems

Peak savings 12–20%

Annual savings 6–8%

16

CO2 Application in a Warmer Climate

• Elimination of HFCs and reduce the carbon footprint

• Energy comparison with the customer’s traditional R-407A system

• Adiabatic condenser applied to the system for warm climate

17

August 2017 opening of the first installation in United States with

Parallel Compression with Gas Ejector in Woodstock, Georgia

Challenge and Focus on First Cost

CO2 system costs are coming down.Growth with OEMs, wholesalers, contractors and end users

2005 2010 2015 2020

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Understanding Challenges and Benefits of CO2 Booster Systems

CHALLENGES

Tangible Benefits Intangible Benefits

Increased Capital CostCO2 systems currently cost more with addition of case controllers and EEVs.

Availability of Refrigeration ContractorsCO2 booster systems are similar to traditional DX systems, but require some additional training for installation, startup and maintenance, which is available through the Hillphoenix Learning Center.

Impact on Energy PerformanceWith the low critical point of CO2 versus traditional DX systems, ambient conditions impact the performance of the systems. Adiabatic condensers and parallel compression are recommended in warmer climates.

• Savings on startup refrigerant charge

• Savings on refrigeration installation

• Savings on electrical installation

• Savings on case performance with EEVs

• Savings on energy

(Things we can calculate)

• Future cost avoidance of HFC retrofits

• Relief from leak and recordkeeping requirements

• Savings PM program with lower-cost refrigerant

• Better quality product with better case controls

• Impact on social responsibility

(Things we know, but are hard to calculate)

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Supporting the Purchase of New Technology

Understanding the challenges and overcoming first cost

Capital cost of the equipment

Installation and maintenance costs

Energy evaluation

Refrigerant management

Impact on our environment

Understanding an ROI and the impact on total cost of ownership

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Trends in Changing Our Decision-Making Process

Understanding total cost of ownership will provide the savings that can offset first cost.

First Cost Total Cost of Ownership

First

Cost

Installed

Cost

Energy

Cost

Maintenance

CostWhat are we spending? What are we saving?

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22.9%

3.0%

Refrigeration System Capital Cost 345,282$ 488,103$ 142,821$

Refrigerated Display Cases Capital Cost 521,288$ 576,527$ 55,239$

Equipment Capital Cost 866,570$ 1,064,630$ 198,060$

Estimated Start-up Refrigerant 20,800$ 2,250$ (18,550)$

Estimated Equipment Installation 398,486$ 298,000$ (100,486)$

Estimated Electrical Installation 277,388$ 248,000$ (29,388)$

Estimated Installation Savings 696,674$ 548,250$ (148,424)$

Estimated Installed Cost 1,563,244$ 1,612,880$ 49,636$

Annual refrigeration Savings (20%) 4160 390 (3,770)$

Annual Energy Savings ( .10 kWh rate) 121447 105411 (16,036)$

Total Estimated Annual Savings 125607 105801 (19,806)$

Possible Utility Incentives ?

Equipment Cost - Installation Savings 49,636$

ROI with Annual Savings 2.5 YearsAll ROI are different and vary based off the baseline being compared to.

Sample ROIOption A

R407A DX

Option B

AdvansorDifference

Over coming first cost difference with an ROI















Sample ROIOption A

R407A DX

Option B

AdvansorDifference
















Sample ROIOption A

R407A DX

Option B

AdvansorDifference
















Sample ROIOption A

R407A DX

Option B

AdvansorDifference
















Sample ROIOption A

R407A DX

Option B

AdvansorDifference
















Sample ROIOption A

R407A DX

Option B

AdvansorDifference

Over coming first cost difference with an ROIOvercoming First Cost Difference With an ROI

What’s the Next Game Changer?

25 May 2017

GAME CHANGER: SMUD’S NATREF INCENTIVES

FOR REDUCING GHG EMISSIONSWith special coverage utility incentive programs, the May 2017 issue of Accelerate

America features the Sacramento Municipal Utility Program’s new incentive program

for natural refrigerant systems; this includes an unprecedented incentive for reducing

greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that could lead to a major shift in the marketplace

for natural refrigerant systems.

Also in the May issue: Nestle’s pioneering effort to use natural refrigerants in its

industrial and food retail applications; updates on the planned increases in the

amount of hydrocarbons allowed in commercial and residential refrigeration

equipment; and two New York City-area utilities that are starting to evaluate CO2

refrigeration systems for energy incentives – and more!

http://acceleratena.com

23

http://acceleratena.com/

Quickly evolving industry requires understanding the available

options in order to make the best decision for your business.

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“Change is coming and we need to understand our

options so we can make good business decisions”

“New lower GWP HFO blend refrigerants provide

an alternative for traditional DX refrigeration”

“The trend is moving to natural refrigerants globally

and can be a long term solution in North America”

“Looking past first cost and understanding installed

cost and it’s impact on Total Cost of Ownership

Lessons Learned

Questions?

DISCLAIMER

Although all statements and information contained herein are believed to be accurate and reliable, they are presented without guarantee or warranty of any kind, expressed or

implied. Information provided herein does not relieve the user from the responsibility of carrying out its own tests and experiments, and the user assumes all risks and liability for

use of the information and results obtained. Statements or suggestions concerning the use of materials and processes are made without representation or warranty that any such

use is free of patent infringement and are not recommendations to infringe on any patents. The user should not assume that all toxicity data and safety measures are indicated

herein or that other measures may not be required.

Thank You!

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impact of technology and co on the future of system ... · glycol or co 2 +/-50% charge reduction...

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