impact of modernization on polity
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Impact of Modernization on Polity. “That institution in society that arranges for the distribution of power .”. Power & Authority. Max Weber Power The ability to have one’s own will prevail, even in the face of opposition from others Authority Legitimate power Consent of the governed. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
“That institution in society that arranges for the distribution of power.”
Max Weber◦ Power
The ability to have one’s own will prevail, even in the face of opposition from others
◦ Authority Legitimate power Consent of the governed
Types of Authority (Weber)◦ Charismatic
Unique personal power of exceptional individuals◦ Traditional
Received from the past Conferred by birthright or higher authority Often unlimited
◦ Rational-Legal (dominant in modern world) Incumbent in the office, not the person
Power by law v. tradition Restricted by explicit, universal, impersonal rules
◦ To what do people consent?
Feudalism (Traditional authority)◦ Kingdoms v. nations◦ Areas of land controlled by royalty◦ Territories awarded to princes/vassals
Fiefdoms In exchange for oath of loyalty to monarch
◦ Princes organized armies Divide up territory among serfs Oath of loyalty
System was legitimated by divine right of kings◦ Power "granted by God"◦ Heirs, blood-lines◦ Majority of people
No voice No mobility
Political Revolutions of late 18th century◦ Revolt against feudalism
◦ Replaced by the nation-state Nation: geographically and politically bounded
territory state: organized apparatus of government within
that territory Rational-legal authority: the state
◦ State: governing body made up of either individuals themselves or their elected representatives
◦ State embodies, carries out, "will of the people“ Power is in the office, not the person Universalistic criteria for advancement Impersonal use of the office
The state is a bureaucratic organization◦ Tool for efficient accomplishment of politically
related tasks How should the state be run?
◦ Determined by parties: “groups of people organized to seize the power of the state”
Types of Democracy◦ Direct
Parties are weak◦ Representative
Too many people, society too complex
◦ Political parties become important◦ Candidates must organize & motivate people to
vote for them “Pluralistic” Democracy
◦ Organizations represent the people’s interests Lobbies PACs
Debate ◦ C. Wright Mills: The Power Elite
Small group has power Military Economy Government
Dwight Eisenhower: Military-industrial complex◦ Robert Dahl: power is pluralistic
All interests have a voice Dominant trends
◦ Declining political participation
◦ Increasing political alienation Mills or Dahl?